Professional Documents
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Earning Outcomes: LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Earning Outcomes: LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning Effectively communicate, using various techniques and genres, historical analysis
Outcomes of a particular event that could help others understand the chosen topic,
Propose recommendation or solutions to present day problems based on their
understanding of roots causes, and their anticipation of future scenarios;
Display the ability to work in a multi-disciplinary team and contribute to a group
endeavour.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives To be able to make a contribution in crafting a new Agrarian Reform Law.
To be able to understand the history of Agrarian reform
Develop their own revision or proposal regarding the agrarian reform.
https://www.slideshare.net/NeilDagohoy/agrarian-reform-in-the-philippines
Agrarian reform is not just a social justice program, that is, it is not just
about “giving land to the landless” but also about improving the productivity of those
lands and the efficiency of agricultural production, thereby contributing to economic
growth and the welfare of those involved in agriculture. To do this, support services
Offline like credit facilities, training programs for farmers, etc. are needed. In the end, it is not
Activities just about quantity of land distributed – the CARP has distributed more land than any
(e- other similar program in the world – but the quality of the overall program remains
Learning/Self- questionable in the sense that it is believed much more could have been achieved
Paced) socially and economically given the large expenditures the program has incurred.
https://historyofyesterday.com/of-landlords-and-revolts-d48fb3d7d9ba
Pre-Spanish Period: “This land is Ours God gave this land to us”
Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos lived in villages or barangays
ruled by chiefs or datus. The datus comprised the nobility. Then came the maharlikas
(freemen), followed by the aliping mamamahay (serfs) and aliping saguiguilid (slaves).
However, despite the existence of different classes in the social structure, practically
everyone had access to the fruits of the soil. Money was unknown, and rice served as
the medium of exchange.
The system, however, degenerated into abuse of power by the encomienderos The tribute
soon became land rents to a few powerful landlords. And the natives who once cultivated
the lands in freedom were transformed into mere share tenants.
However, as the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s plan was never implemented
https://historyofyesterday.com/of-landlords-and-revolts-d48fb3d7d9ba
Philippine Bill of 1902 – Set the ceilings on the hectarage of private individuals and
corporations may acquire: 16 has. For private individuals and 1,024 has. For
corporations.
Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496) – Provided for a comprehensive
registration of land titles under the Torrens system.
Public Land Act of 1903 – introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.
Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113) – regulated relationships between
landowners and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.
The Torrens system, which the Americans instituted for the registration of lands, did not
solve the problem completely. Either they were not aware of the law or if they did, they
could not pay the survey cost and other fees required in applying for a Torrens title.
1935 Constitution – "The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and
economic security of all people should be the concern of the State"
Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045), Nov.
13, 1936 – Provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant relationships
National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936 – Established the price of rice and
corn thereby help the poor tenants as well as consumers.
Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937 – Specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and
only with the approval of the Tenancy Division of the Department of Justice.
Rural Program Administration, created March 2, 1939 – Provided the purchase and
lease of haciendas and their sale and lease to the tenants.
Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939 – Created the National Settlement
Administration with a capital stock of P20, 000,000.
Unfortunately, the end of war also signaled the end of gains acquired by the peasants.
Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers
organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with
the anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon).
https://historyofyesterday.com/of-landlords-and-revolts-d48fb3d7d9ba
The Partidong Komunista ng Pilipinas and the Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan
https://philpad.com/presidents-philippines-achievements-contributions/
Republic Act No. 34 -- Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating
share-tenancy contracts.
Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more effective safeguard against arbitrary
ejectment of tenants.
On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act No.
6657 or otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law
became effective on June 15, 1988.
Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48 nationwide
consultations before the actual law was enacted.
President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:
Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 – Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-
beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It also determined the value remaining unvalued rice
and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by the FBs
and mode of compensation to landowners.
Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 – Provided mechanism for the implementation
of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 – Instituted the CARP as a major program of the
government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF),
with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from
1987-1992.
Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 – streamlined and expanded the power and
operations of the DAR.
Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) – An
act which became effective June 15, 1988 and instituted a comprehensive agrarian
reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing the
mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes. This law is still the one being
implemented at present.
Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 – Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines
the responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for all lands covered
by CARP.
However, the Estrada Administration was short lived. The masses who put him into office
demanded for his ouster.
Land Tenure Improvement - DAR will remain vigorous in implementing land acquisition
and distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure system through
land distribution and leasehold.
Provision of Support Services - CARP not only involves the distribution of lands but also
included package of support services which includes: credit assistance, extension
services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities and training and
technical support programs.
Agrarian Justice - To help clear the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR will hire more
paralegal officers to support undermanned adjudicatory boards and introduce quota
Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP) provided credit support for crop production
to newly organized and existing agrarian reform beneficiaries’ organizations (ARBOs)
and farmers’ organizations not qualified to avail themselves of loans under the regular
credit windows of banks.
The legal case monitoring system (LCMS), a web-based legal system for recording and
monitoring various kinds of agrarian cases at the provincial, regional and central offices
of the DAR to ensure faster resolution and close monitoring of agrarian-related cases, was
also launched.
Aside from these initiatives, Aquino also enacted Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011,
to mandate the Department of Agriculture-Department of Environment and Natural
Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence Initiative to develop a National
Greening Program in cooperation with other government agencies.
The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform where
landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
Under his administration the DAR created an anti-corruption task force to investigate and
handle reports on alleged anomalous activities by officials and employees of the
department.
The Department also pursues an “Oplan Zero Backlog” in the resolution of cases in
relation to agrarian justice delivery of the agrarian reform program to fast-track the
implementation of CARP.
https://mindanao.politics.com.ph/house-panel-okays-full-insurance-coverage-carp-beneficiaries/
After the period of time allotted for CARPER by law is passed (August 7, 2009 to
June 30, 2014), how will the remaining landholdings, which are subject to
compulsory acquisition, be distributed to the beneficiaries?
As long as Notices of Coverage are issued on or before June 30, 2014, land distribution
to beneficiaries shall continue until completion
How does DAR intend to deal with the remaining landholdings (771,795 hectares) to
be distributed?
DAR projects that it will be distributing 187,686 hectares in 2014; 198,631 hectares in
2015; and 385,478 hectares in 2016.
What were the challenges encountered in the course of acquiring and distributing
private lands?
In some cases, technical descriptions in the land titles were found to be erroneous and had
to be corrected. Some titles were destroyed, and therefore, had to be reissued by
undergoing a court process, similar to filling a case. Potential beneficiaries argued among
themselves on who should or should not be qualified as beneficiaries; these disputes had
to be mediated or resolved by the government. In other cases, landowners may petition
that their lands be exempted or excluded from CARP coverage, and some of these
petitions have gone up to the Supreme Court.
ENGAGING ACTIVITY:
To learn more, watch this video:
Performance Task
Proposals to the CARP and CARPER Laws
The CARP law was amended and extended by the CARPER Law to make Agrarian reform more
responsive to the needs and situation of the society, but the law is far from perfect considering the
complaints coming from different sectors. If you were given the chance to contribute in crafting a
new Agrarian Reform Law, what would be your proposals?
1. Get a copy of CARP and CARPER laws
2. Write on the right side the items you would want changed, revised or replaced on a paper item
basis.
3. Write on the left side your proposal
4. Provide the reason/s for your revision or proposal
AGRARIAN REFORM
CARP AND CARPERS Laws PROPOSAL
Content Students can contribute Students can contribute Students can contribute Students have
(4) in crafting a New in crafting a New in crafting a New difficulty in crafting a
Agrarian Reform Law Agrarian Reform Law Agrarian Reform Law New Agrarian Reform
proposal in a clear and proposal in a consistent proposal but do so in a Law proposal.
consistent manner. manner. somewhat consistent
manner.
Organization The student provides a The student provides a The student provides The student provides
clear sense of order in slight sense of order in no sense of order in the no sense of order in the
(4) the proposal. The the proposal. The proposal. Few points proposal. No point
supporting points are supporting points are support the main ideas supports any main
in a logical in a logical ideas
progression. progression.
Supporting evidence The student provides The student provides The student provides The student does not
three or more pieces of two pieces of only one supporting provide supporting
(4) supporting evidence to supporting evidence to evidence to strengthen evidence.
strengthen the ideas. strengthen the ideas the ideas
Understanding the The student The student The student The student shows of
topic demonstrates a demonstrates a good demonstrates a limited lack of understanding
thorough understanding of understanding of of Agrarian Reform
(4) understanding of Agrarian Reform Agrarian Reform Program and CARP
Agrarian Reform Program and CARP Program and CARP
Program and CARP
Grammar, All sentences are well- Most sentences are Some sentences are Sentences sound
vocabulary, and constructed. There are well-constructed. well-constructed, but awkward, and there are
fluency no errors in grammar There are a few errors there are several errors several errors in
or spelling. in grammar or spelling. in grammar or spelling grammar or spelling
(4) that interfere with that interfere with
understanding. understanding.
Learning Resources
Solmerano et al. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Zone 051, 1239 Instruccion St., Sampaloc Manila,
1008 Metro Manila: Fastbook Publishing Inc.
Torres J.V. (2018) Batis: Sources in Philippine History. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing Inc.
Runes, Ildefonso T. & Buenafe, Mamerto M. (1962) The Forgery of Rizal’s Retraction and Josephine’s
Autobiography, Manila: Pro-Patria Publishers
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning Effectively communicate, using various techniques and genres, historical analysis of a
Outcomes particular event that could help others understand the chosen topic,
Propose recommendation or solutions to present day problems based on their
understanding of roots causes, and their anticipation of future scenarios;
Display the ability to work in a multi-disciplinary team and contribute to a group
endeavour.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives To be able to make a contribution in crafting a new Philippine Constitution Proposal.
To be able to understand the history of Philippine Constitution
Develop their own revision or proposal regarding the Philippine Constitution.
Introduction
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/iatf-proposed-amendments-1987-philippine-constitution
https://prezi.com/p/vjleexn-eu2j/evolution-of-the-philippine-constitution/
The United States Congress passed two (2) acts during this period (Philippine
Organic Act of 1902 and Philippine Autonomy Act of 1926) which can be considered
informally as Philippine Constitutions in as much as that these acts defined the
fundamental political principles of the land. It established the structure, procedures,
powers and duties of the Philippine government.
The third act of the United State Congress (Tydings-Mcduffie Act of 1934) provided
a mechanism towards the creation and establishment of a formal constitution.
The original 1935 Constitution provided for unicameral National Assembly and the
President was elected to a six-year term without re-election. It was amended in 1940 to
have a bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of Representatives, as well
the creation of an independent electoral commission. The Constitution now granted the
President a four-year term with a maximum of two consecutive terms in office.
The Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence tasked with drafting a new
constitution was composed in large part, of members of the prewar National Assembly and
of individuals with experience as delegates to the convention that had drafted the 1935
Constitution. Their draft for the republic to be established under the Japanese Occupation,
however, would be limited in duration, provide for indirect, instead of direct, legislative
elections, and an even stronger executive branch.
Upon approval of the draft by the Committee, the new charter was ratified in 1943
by an assembly of appointed, provincial representatives of the Kalibapi, the organization
established by the Japanese to supplant all previous political parties. Upon ratification by
The 1943 Constitution provided strong executive powers. The Legislature consisted
of a unicameral National Assembly and only those considered to be anti-US could stand for
election, although in practice most legislators were appointed rather than elected.
Until the 1960s, the Second Republic and its officers, were not viewed as a legitimate
Philippine government or as having any standing, with the exception of the Supreme Court,
whose decisions, limited to reviews of criminal and commercial cases as part of a policy of
discretion by Chief Justice José Yulo continued to be part of the official records. This was
made easier by the Commonwealth government-in-exile never constituting a Supreme
Court, and the formal vacancy in the position of Chief Justice for the Commonwealth with
the execution of José Abad Santos by the Japanese). It was only during the Macapagal
administration that a partial political rehabilitation of the Japanese-era republic took place,
with the official recognition of Laurel as a former president and the addition of his cabinet
and other officials to the roster of past government officials. However, the 1943 Constitution
was not taught in schools, and the laws of the 1943-44 National Assembly never recognized
as valid or relevant.
The 1973 Constitution was further amended in 1980 and 1981. In the 1980 amendment,
the retirement age of the members of the judiciary was extended to 70 years. In the 1981
amendments, the false parliamentary system was formally modified into a French-
style semi-presidential system:
executive power was restored to the President;
direct election of the President was restored;
an Executive Committee composed of the Prime Minister and not more than 14
members was created to "assist the President in the exercise of his powers and functions
and in the performance of his duties as he may prescribe;" and the Prime Minister was
a mere head of the Cabinet.
The last amendments in 1984 abolished the Executive Committee and restored the
position of Vice-President (which did not exist in the original, unamended 1973
Constitution).
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13684093/
https://twitter.com/assortedge/status/84515638442962124
Article IV – Citizenship
Article IV defines the citizenship of Filipinos. It enumerates two kinds of citizens: natural-
born citizens and naturalized citizens. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens from
birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect Philippine citizenship. The
Philippines follows a jus sanguinis system where citizenship is mainly acquired through a
blood relationship with Filipino citizens.
Natural-born citizenship forms an important part of the political system as only natural-born
Filipinos are eligible to hold high offices, including all elective offices beginning with a
representative in the House of Representatives up to the President.
Article V – Suffrage
Article V mandates various age and residence qualifications to vote and a system of secret
ballots and absentee voting. It also mandates a procedure for overseas and disabled and
illiterate Filipinos to vote.
Engaging Activities:
To learn more, watch this video:
The Evolution of the Philippine Constitution: A look back into the History of our
Constitution
By Civil Service Review TV
https://youtu.be/Ec1m6AMfWgs
Performance Task
PROPOSALS TO THE NEW PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Certain sectors of the Philippine society are now preparing for a new Philippine Constitution. If you were given
the chance to contribute to craft the New Philippine Constitution, what would be your proposal?
1. Get a copy of the 1987 Constitution
2. Write on the right side the items you would want changed, revised or replaced on a per item basis.
3. Write on the left side your proposal.
4. Provide Reason/s for your revision or proposal
Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Constitution Proposal
Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Constitution Proposal
Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Constitution Proposal
Philippine Constitution
The 1987 Constitution Proposal
Content Students can contribute Students can contribute Students can contribute Students have
(4) in crafting a New in crafting a New in crafting a New difficulty in crafting a
Philippine Constitution Philippine Constitution Philippine Constitution proposal to New
proposal in a clear and proposal in a consistent proposal but do so in a Philippine
consistent manner. manner. somewhat consistent Constitution.
manner
Organization The student provides a The student provides a The student provides The student provides
clear sense of order in slight sense of order in no sense of order in the no sense of order in the
(4) the proposal. The the proposal. The proposal. Few points proposal. No point
supporting points are supporting points are support the main ideas supports any main
in a logical in a logical ideas
progression. progression.
Supporting evidence The student provides The student provides The student provides The student does not
three or more pieces of two pieces of only one supporting provide supporting
(4) supporting evidence to supporting evidence to evidence to strengthen evidence.
strengthen the ideas. strengthen the ideas the ideas
Understanding the The student The student The student The student shows of
topic demonstrates a demonstrates a good demonstrates a limited lack of understanding
thorough understanding of understanding of of Philippine
(4) understanding of Philippine Constitution Philippine Constitution Constitution
Philippine Constitution
Grammar, All sentences are well- Most sentences are Some sentences are Sentences sound
vocabulary, and constructed. There are well-constructed. well-constructed, but awkward, and there are
fluency no errors in grammar There are a few errors there are several errors several errors in
or spelling. in grammar or spelling. in grammar or spelling grammar or spelling
(4) that interfere with that interfere with
understanding. understanding.
Learning Resources
Solmerano et al. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Zone 051, 1239 Instruccion St., Sampaloc Manila,
1008 Metro Manila: Fastbook Publishing Inc.
Torres J.V. (2018) Batis: Sources in Philippine History. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing Inc.
Runes, Ildefonso T. & Buenafe, Mamerto M. (1962) The Forgery of Rizal’s Retraction and Josephine’s
Autobiography, Manila: Pro-Patria Publishers