LESSON 8: RIZAL, THE POLYMATH • Filipinas dentro de cien años essay, 1889-90 (The Philippines a
Century Hence)
• Rizal, in all aspects, was a true scholar.
• He enjoyed learning from different fields, whether from arts or
from the sciences.
• He never limited his capacity to learn; he emphasized the
importance of education for the Filipinos.
• This lesson aims to highlight Rizal’s education, as well as other fields
that he explored as a scholar.
• Rizal studied to become a doctor specializing in ophthalmology.
• He is known as a prolific writer.
LESSON 9: WORKS OF RIZAL
Exploration: Tracing Rizal’s Writing
• Rizal’s original writings were written in Spanish.
• His novels were the reasons for sparking a revolution.
Noli Me Tangere
- Latin phrase for “touch me not”
- Came out in 1887, published in Berlin, Germany.
- It was his first attempt to talk about his people while revealing
the social ills and complications a fellow Filipino like himself
would have to live with during the Spanish rule.
El Filibusterismo
- a Spanish term for "The Subversion”
- Came out in 1887, published in Ghent, Belgium.
Mga Kababayang Dalaga ng Malolos (To the Young Women of Malolos)
- is a letter written by Jose Rizal on February 22, 1889.
- It is written in Tagalog and is addressed to a group of women
from Malolos, Bulacan who successfully lobbied the Spanish
colonial government to allow them to open a school so
that they could study the Spanish language.
Makamisa (After Mass)
- is an unfinished novel by Jose Rizal.
- The original manuscript was found by historian Ambeth
Ocampo in 1987 while going through a 245-page
collection of papers.
Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell in English)
- One of his poems.
- he bid adieu to his beloved country. Well hidden in the lamp
given to Trinidad on the eve of his martyrdom,
- Rizal spoke in English so as to cleverly tell his dear sister as to
the contents inside.
- Later this letter was translated by the Supremo Bonifacio in
Tagalog as Pahimakas ni Dr. Jose Rizal, that further sparked
the cause to revolt, stirring the emotion of the people.
• Rizal annotated the known book of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de
los ilas Filipinas. His method of annotation was by hand which
made him spend a lot of time in the British Museum where one of
the extant copies was located.
WORKS OF RIZAL
Novels and Essays
• Noli Me Tangere, novel, 1887
• El FIlibusterismo, novel, 1891, sequel to Noli Me Tangere
• Alin Mang Lahi ("Whate'er the Race"), a Kundiman attributed
to Dr. Jose Rizal
• The Friars and the Filipinos (Unfinished)
• Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo (Speech, 1884), given at
Restaurante Ingles, Madrid
• The Diaries of José Rizal
• Rizal's Letters is a compendium of Dr. Jose Rizal's letters to his
family members, Blumentritt, Fr. Pablo Pastells and other
reformers "Come se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the
Philippine islands)
• La Indolencia de los Filipinos, essay, 1890 (The indolence of
Filipinos) [51]
• Makamisa unfinished novel
• Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos, essay, 1889, To the
Young Women of Malolos
• Annotations to Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (essay, 1889, Events in the Philippine Islands)
Poetry
• A La Juventud Filipina (English translation: To The Philippine
Youth)
• El Canto Del Viajero (English translation: Song of the
Wanderer)
• Briayle Crismarl
• Canto de María Clara (English translation: Song of Maria
Clara)
• Himno Al Trabajo (Dalit sa Paggawa)
• Felicitación (Felicitation (English Translation)]
• Kundiman (Tagalog) [Kundiman (English Translation)]
• Me Piden Versos (English translation: They Ask Me for Verses!)
• Mi Primera Inspiracion
• Mi Retiro (English translation: My Retreat).
• Mi Ultimo Adiós (English translation: My Last Farewell)
• Por La Educación (Recibe Lustre La Patria) (English translation:
Education Gives Luster to Motherland
• Sa Sanggol na si Jesus (English translation: Child Jesus)
• A Mi Musa (English translation: To My Muse)
• Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (English translation: Memories of My
Town)
• A Man in Dapitan
Plays
• El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of Gods)
• Junto Al Pasig (Along the Pasig)
• San Euistaquio, Mártyr (Saint Eustache, the Martyr)
Sculptures
• The Triumph of Science over Death
Paintings
• Saturnina Rizal in oil now being displayed in Rizal Shrine in Fort
Santiago
• Dapitan church curtains in oil made in Dapitan in 1984.
• An oil painting on a pair of mother-of-pearl shells painted in
Dapitan and given as a token to Doña Leonor Valenzuela and
later passed on to Doña Margarita Valenzuela
• Water color painting of the Spanish coat of arms done during
San Rafael fiesta in Calamba in 1867
• Allegory on a pair of porcelain bases of the new year
celebration in oil painted in Berlin in 1886
• Crayon painting of Christ crucified done in 1875
• Crayon painting of Immaculate Conception made in Manila,
1974
• Crayon painting of Portrait of Morayta made in Barcelona,
1885
LESSON 10: RIZAL AND THE SCIENCE (THE VALUE OF SCIENCE)
Science
- was not at the forefront of the Spanish colonial Philippines in
the 19th century.
- It was merely introduced as a required subject to be taken to
fulfill the much-needed courses to attain a degree.
El Filibusterismo
- described a student enrolled in a class of Physics to be
"reciting lessons from memory," which was a usual
predicament back then.
- Students were to mimic, like parrots, the lessons laid out by
their professors from the religious orders.
 - When students showed a sign of distaste for the subject, for the church altar that would show a colonnaded court. Seen from a
the atmosphere transformed into "a sermon about lessons on wide-open gate like that of a scene depicting the court of Pontius
humility, submissiveness, and respect for the religious." Pilate.
- That was the context by which a science was suppressed in
the 19th century. Title: (untitled) Sketch of Saturnina Rizal
- But in one of his essays, The Religiosity of the Filipinos, Rizal Material: oil painting
asserted that science is helpful in understanding the Creator. Remarks: Painted by Rizal using oil of his sister Saturnina while
at Santo Tomas University.
La Solidaridad
- Rizal would invoke the importance of science in laying out Title: Bust of Father Jose Guericco
reforms and in improving the state of the country. In the Material: clay
Indolence of the Filipinos, Rizal argued the importance of Remarks: modeled from memory by Rizal in 1894.
physical sciences to understand current social reality.
Title: Oyang Dapitana
"History does not record in its annals any lasting domination by a group Material: clay
of people...the existence of a foreign body within another Remarks: sculpted in 1893-1894 in Dapitan
endowed with strength and activity is contrary to all natural and
ethical laws. Science teaches us that it is either assimilated, destroy the Title: Singapore Lighthouse
organism, is eliminated or becomes encysted." Material: crayon sketch
Remarks: sketched in 1887 in Calamba
• 346 shells from 203 species.
• Rizal became a familiar name for at least three species named Title: Spanish Coat of Arms
after him: Material: water color
1. Draco rizali(lizard). Remarks: painted in Calamba 1867
2. Apogania rizali (beetle),
3. Rhacophorus rizal (frog). Title: Suez Canal
• Furthermore, he delved into archaeological, geological, Material: ink
geographical and anthropological studies based on his Remarks: Sketch Rizal made of Aden. Yemen in 1882 on his way to
correspondences with his fellow scientists. Spain. Art reflects values, beliefs, identity, feelings and emotions; We
need art to understand and share our individual and shared history
LESSON 11: THE ART OF RIZAL

• Rizal utilized his knowledge of the arts and its power of evoking
what words cannot describe.
• This talent of Rizal provided an added fuel in sending out his
message and connecting to the people close to him as if they
were just near.
• The understanding that Rizal also knew of the arts casts another
look at his creativity.
• Rizal was a fan of the visual arts.
• He was said to have been given clay and moments later he
fashioned it into tiny sculpture.
• One of the most famous would be his artistic cover at his first novel,
Noli Me Tangere it was a teaser of to the uninduced contents of his
book giving glimpses of details about characters and elements in
various chapters.
• He also gave him time to be playful and came up with hue version
of a comic strip for his nephews in the Monkey and the Turtle.

Title: Triumph of Science over Death

Material: Clay
Remarks: sculpted by Rizal in 1890. The sculpture was originally given to
Ferdinand Blumentritt and is now displayed at the Rizal Shrine Museum
in Fort Santiago.

Title: A Painting on a Pair of Mother of Pearl

Material: painting on a shell
Remarks: This was a gift given to Leonor Valenzuela, one of Rizal's love
interests Shells painted by Rizal in Dapitan and given as a gift to Doña
Leonor Valenzuela and later passed into the hands of Doña Marganta
Valenzuela Leonor Valenzuela is one of Rizal's love interest. She is a tall
girl from Pagsanjan Rizal sent her love notes written in invisible ink. They
could only be deciphered over the warmth of the lamp or candle He
visited her on the eve of his departure to Spain and bade her a last
goodbye.

Title: Dapitan Church Curtains

Material: oil painting
Remarks: This was a backdrop painted by Rizal in Dapitan in the year
1894.In 1894. Fr. Vicente Balaguer thought of a backdrop for the Holy
Week. He wanted one that’s done in canvas oil painting. He heard of
Rizal's painting ability and requested him to paint a beautiful backdrop