Introduction To Fluid Mechanics[CHC303]

Department Of Chemical Engineering

National Institute Of Technology Durgapur

ASSIGNMENT
ON
PUMP AND ITS PARTS
Submitted By:
Name: S A B Y A S A C H I P R A D H A N
Roll No.: 2 0 C H 8 0 6 7
Reg. No.: 2 0 U 1 0 8 2 9
Semester: 3rd Semester
Date: 18th November 2021
 WHAT IS A PUMP

• A pump is a device used to move

fluids (sometimes also Slurry) one
place to another.
• It is mainly used for lifting liquid from
ground sources to upper top sources.
• It is operated by various mechanisms
and consumes energy to perform
mechanical work for moving the fluid.
APPLICATIONS OF PUMP
• Pumping water from wells and other water bodies
• Aquarium and Pond filtering
• Cooling and Fuel Injection Systems in Automobiles
• Extracting crude oil in Oil rigs
• Waste-Water recycling plants
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PUMPS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Very low frictional losses • Corrosion
• Suitable for liquids with high • Cannot be operated on high
temperature and pressure speeds
• Construction and installation • High maintenance costs
are simple and less time included
consuming • Produce cavitation
• Minimal wear compared to
others.
TYPES OF PUMPS
• POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP:- A positive displacement
pump provides a constant flow at fixed speed, regardless of changes in
pressure. The pump makes the fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and
forcing the volume into the discharge pipe.

• DYNAMIC PUMP:- Rotodynamic pumps (or dynamic pumps) are a

type of velocity pump in which kinetic energy is added to the fluid by
increasing the flow velocity. This increase in energy is converted to a gain in
potential energy (pressure) when the velocity is reduced prior to or as the
flow exits the pump into the discharge pipe.
Positive Displacement Pump Dynamic Pump
1.Rotary Pump 1.Centrifugal Pump
1. Single Rotor Pump (For example, 2.Axial Pump
Piston Pump, Vane Pump, Screw
Pump)
2. Multiple Rotor Pump (For example,
Gear pump, Lube pump)
2.Reciprocating Pump
1. Diaphragm Pump (For example, Fluid
Operated Pump, Mechanically
Operated Pump)
2. Piston Plunger Type Pump
 ROTATORY VANE PUMP
A rotary vane pump is a positive-
displacement pump that consists of vanes
mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a
cavity. In some cases these vanes can have
variable length and/or be tensioned to
maintain contact with the walls as the
pump rotates. It was invented by Charles C.
Barnes of Sackville, New Brunswick, who
patented it on June 16, 1874.[1][2][3] There
have been various improvements,
including a variable vane pump for gases
(1909).[4] They are considered less suitable
than other vacuum pumps for high-
viscosity and high-pressure fluids, and are
complex to operate. They can endure short
periods of dry operation, and are
considered good for low-viscosity fluids.
RECIPROCATING PUMP
A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-
displacement pumps that includes the piston
pump, plunger pump, and diaphragm pump.
Well maintained, reciprocating pumps can
last for decades. Unmaintained, however,
they can succumb to wear and tear. It is often
used where a relatively small quantity
of liquid is to be handled and where
delivery pressure is quite large. In
reciprocating pumps, the chamber that traps
the liquid is a stationary cylinder that
contains a piston or plunger.
TYPES OF ROTATORY VANE PUMP
SINGLE ROTOR PUMP
Single Rotor Rotary Pumps. Flexible member
– Flexing vanes are used to move media.
Pumping and sealing is dependent on the
elasticity of these flexible vanes. They can
also be a tube or liner. Peristaltic – A flexible
tube inside a circular casing is usually used,
although there are linear peristaltic pumps.
MULTIPLE ROTOR PUMP
Multiple Rotor Rotary Pumps.
Circumferential piston – Rotating pistons
are used to move fluid and rotors are
timed separately. More than one rotor is
often used with one or more pistons. Gear –
Whether internal or external, turning gears
are used to move media.
TYPE OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
Diaphragm Pump
A diaphragm pump (also known as
a Membrane pump) is a positive
displacement pump that uses a combination
of the reciprocating action of
a rubber, thermoplastic or teflon diaphragm
and suitable valves on either side of the
diaphragm (check valve, butterfly valves,
flap valves, or any other form of shut-off
valves) to pump a fluid.
Piston Plunger Type Pump
A plunger pump is a type of positive
displacement pump where the high-pressure
seal is stationary and a smooth cylindrical
plunger slides through the seal. This makes
them different from piston pumps and allows
them to be used at higher pressures. This
type of pump is often used to transfer
municipal and industrial sewage
WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
• The reciprocating pump consists of a piston that moves forward and backward in a close-
fitting cylinder. The movement of the piston is obtained by connecting the piston rod to
crank through a connecting rod. The crank is rotated using an electric motor.
• Suction and Delivery Pipes with a suction valve and a delivery valve are connected to
the cylinder. The suction and delivery valves are non return valves, which allow the water to
flow in one direction only.
• The suction valve allows water from the suction pipe to the cylinder and where the delivery
valve allows water from the cylinder to the delivery pipe only.
Reciprocating Pump-
When the crank starts rotating, the piston moves in the cylinder. when a crank is at A, the piston is at the
extreme left position in the cylinder. As the crank is rotating from A to C,(θ=0º to 180º) the piston is moving
towards the right in the cylinder. The movement of the piston towards the right creates a partial vacuum in the
cylinder. But on the surface of the liquid in the sump atmospheric pressure is acting, which is more than the
pressure inside the cylinder.
Thus the liquid is forced into the suction pipe from the sump. This liquid opens the suction valve and enters into
the cylinder.
When a crank is rotating from C to A (θ=180º to 360º), the piston from the extreme right position starts moving
toward left in the cylinder.
The movement of the piston towards the left increases the pressure of the liquid inside the cylinder more than
the atmospheric pressure.
Hence the Suction valve closes and the delivery valve opens. The liquid is forced into the delivery pipe and is
raised to a Required Height.
Parts of Reciprocating Pump:

• Suction Pipe
• Suction Valve
• Delivery Pipe
• Delivery Valve
• Cylinder
• Piston and Piston Rod
• Crank and Connecting Rod
• Strainer
• Air Vessel
Suction Pipe:
It is used to suck the water from the water reservoir to the cylinder.
It connects the inlet of the pump with the water tank.

Suction Valve:
The suction valve is a non-return valve which means the only one-directional flow is possible in this type of valve.
This is placed between the suction pipe inlet and the cylinder.
During suction of liquid, it is opened and during discharge, it is closed.

Delivery Pipe:
It is a pipe that is used to deliver the water from the cylinder to the desired location.
It connects the outlet of the pump to the tank where the water is to be delivered.

Delivery Valve:
Delivery valve also non-return valve placed between the cylinder and delivery pipe outlet.
It is in a closed position during suction and opened position during the discharging of liquid.

Cylinder:
A hollow cylinder made of steel alloy or cast iron.
An arrangement of piston and piston rod is inside this cylinder.

Piston and Piston Rod:

A piston is a solid type cylinder part which moves backward and forwards inside the hollow cylinder, to perform suction and delivery of liquid.
Piston rod helps the piston to its linear motion.

Crank and Connecting Rod:

Crank is a solid circular disc which is connected to the power source like motor, engine, etc, for its rotation.
Connecting rod connects the crank to the piston, as a result, the rotational motion of the crank gets converted into linear motion of the piston.

Strainer:
A strainer is provided at the end of the suction pipe to prevent the entrance of solids from a water source into the cylinder.

Air Vessel:
Air vessels are connected to both suction and delivery pipes to eliminate the frictional head and to give a uniform discharge rate.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
• The hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is
called Pumps.
• The hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure energy if the mechanical energy is converted
into pressure energy by means of a centrifugal force acting on the fluid, the hydraulic
machine is called a Centrifugal Pump .
Main Parts of Centrifugal Pump:

• Impeller
• Casing
• Suction pipe with a foot valve
• Strainer
• Delivery pipe
IMPELLER:
An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump which transfers energy from the motor
that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the fluid outwards from the center of
rotation.

CASING:
The casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, slowing down the fluid’s rate of flow.
A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port.

SUCTION PIPE WITH A FOOT VALVE AND STRAINER:

A pipe whose one end is connected to the inlet of the pump and another end dips into the water in a
sump is known as a suction pipe.
A foot valve is found at the end of a pipeline in a suction lift application.
They function as a check valve, but they also have a strainer affixed to their open end.

DELIVERY PIPE:
A pipe whose one end is connected to the outlet of the pump and other ends delivers the water at a
required height is known as a delivery pipe.A
Working Principle of Centrifugal Pump:
• The Centrifugal pump acts as a reversed of an inward radial flow reaction turbine. This
means that flow in a centrifugal pump is in the radial outward directions.
• The centrifugal pump works on the principle of forced vortex flow which means that when
a certain mass of liquid is rotated by an external torque, the rise in pressure head of the
rotating liquid takes place.
• The rise in pressure head at any point of the rotating liquid is proportional to the square of
the tangential velocity of the liquid at that point.
• Therefore the rise in pressure head is v2/2g.
• Thus at the outlet of the impeller, where the radius is more, the rise in pressure head will be
more and the liquid will be discharged at the outlet with a high-pressure head.
• Due to this high-pressure head, the liquid can be lifted to a high level.
Applications of Centrifugal Pumps are:

• Centrifugal pumps are used in buildings for pumping the general water supply, as a
booster and for domestic water supplies.
• The design of a centrifugal pump makes them useful for pumping sewage and slurries.
• Dairy industry: Used to transfer dairy products such as milk, buttermilk, flavored milk,
etc.
• They are also used in fire protection systems and for heating and cooling applications.
• Beverage industry: Used to transfer juice, bottled water, etc.
• Various industries (Manufacturing, Industrial, Chemicals, Pharmaceutical, Food
Production, Aerospace, etc.) for the purposes of cryogenics and refrigerants.
• Oil Energy: pumping crude oil, slurry, mud; used by refineries, power generation plants.
 END
OF
PRESENTATION