Nokia 5G

Nokia Spring Tour

May 18th, 2016
Harri Holma, Fellow
Nokia Bell Labs
Contents

• 5G technology components
• 5G capabilities
• 5G at low frequencies
• 5G trials

2
Welcome to Finland – #1 in the World in Terms of Mobile Data Usage

Mobile Data Usage in Finland

[GB/person/month] • Average data usage 10
12 GB/person/month during
2015
10
• Currently already
8 exceeding 15 GB/month
GB 6 • 93% growth during 2015
4
2
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
3
5G Requirements and New 5G Business Models

100 Mbps
whenever needed
>10 Gbps
peak data rates

Extreme 10 000
Mobile x more traffic
Broadband
10-100
x more devices

<1 ms
radio latency
M2M Massive Critical
ultra low cost machine machine
communication communication
10 years Ultra
on battery
reliability

4
Five Key Technology Components of 5G

#1 New spectrum #2 UE agnostic massive MIMO #4 Multi-connectivity and

options aggregation
Spectrum
90 GHz 5G
3 mm LTE
5G
30 GHz LTE
1 cm 5G
10 GHz
#3 Flexible frame design #5 Distributed flexible
3 GHz time
Dt
architecture
10 cm User #3
Df
• Lean design
• Flexible size,
frequency

User #4 User #5

User #2
300 MHz User #2
control, TDD,
User #1
User #1

User #3 User #5
1m
One tile corresponds to the smallest user allocation
bandwidth etc Gateway
5
5G Spectrum from 300 MHz to 100 GHz

More x More = A lot more

spectrum antenna gain capacity
Cell size
Frequency Antenna size Capacity
100 GHz Very small Ultra high
3 mm mm
Up to 2 GHz Very narrow capacity
waves
30 GHz beams booster
1 cm
10 GHz cm Small antenna Capacity
Up to 800 MHz
waves Narrow beams booster
3 GHz
10 cm Medium – Coverage and
<6 GHz Up to 200 MHz
300 MHz large antenna high capacity
1m

6
20 Gbps Peak Data Rate with Large Bandwidth

Larger bandwidth for higher data Multiantenna solutions for boosting

rates – both peak and average coverage and capacity

5x20 MHz = 100 MHz in

LTE 1.0 Gbps
Release 10 with 2x2MIMO

200 4.0 Gbps 4x4 MIMO

MHz

5G 500 MHz 10 Gbps 4x4 MIMO

2000 MHz 20 Gbps 2x2 MIMO

7
 >1000x Higher Capacity than Today’s Hotspots
Maximum Throughput per Operator per km2

Spectrum 5G at
Per operator in
[MHz] mm
downlink
>1 Tbps
2000 MHz 5G at /km2
cm
600 MHz 5G/LTE 100 Gbps
<6 GHz /km2
200 MHz LTE 10 Gbps
today /km2
1 Gbps
40 MHz /km2
Site density [/km2]

20/km2 50/km2 150/km2 300/km2

8
5G Cell Size at Different Bands

2 GHz / 1 Mbps
Calculating Distance for given SNR (C29)
FSPL (m) 471483.9 135563.7

• 2 km in urban outdoors
α-β-γ model (m) Open Square - LoS 112767.9 8303.5
3D UMI PL LOS model (m) 228873.7 11802.5
3D UMI PL NLOS model (m) 2032.5 247.2
Okumura-Hata (m)
WLAN (60GHz) PL model (m) Conference room - LOS
2434.1
N/A
• 0.5-1.0 km in urban indoors
289.5
N/A
FSPL with O2 loss (m) 471483.9 135563.7

30 GHz / 1 Gbps
Calculating Distance for given SNR (C29)
FSPL (m) 417.0 9037.6
α-β-γ model (m) Open Square - LoS 372.8 8303.5
3D UMI PL LOS model (m)
3D UMI PL NLOS model (m)
383.6
28.3
• 300-400 meters in open space
11802.5
247.2
Okumura-Hata (m)
WLAN (60GHz) PL model (m) Conference room - LOS
32.5
N/A
• 30 meters in non line of sight
289.5
N/A
FSPL with O2 loss (m) 417.0 9037.6

90 GHz / 1 Gbps
Calculating Distance for given SNR (C29)
FSPL (m) 34.4 3012.5
α-β-γ model (m) Open Square - LoS 49.5 8303.5
39.7 11802.5

• 30-50 meters in open space

3D UMI PL LOS model (m)
3D UMI PL NLOS model (m) 6.1 247.2
Okumura-Hata (m) 6.9 289.5
WLAN (60GHz) PL model (m) Conference room - LOS 34.2 N/A
FSPL with O2 loss (m) 34.4 3012.5
9
5G Sleep Mode Minimizes Base Station Idle Power Consumption by 90%

Base Station Power Consumption without any

User Plane Traffic • LTE can utilize very short
140 sleep modes called micro-
120 DTX (µDTX).
100
• 5G can potentially save a lot
80
Watts of power if the sleep mode
60 can be extended to 1 - 10
40 ms
20
0
uDTX 1 ms 10 ms 1000 ms
LTE 5G

10
5G Improves Network Energy Efficiency – 50% Less Power in Macro Network
Zero Users – Zero Power Consumption

Average PRB usage (March 2016) • No data transmission 70-

100 80% of the time even in high
loaded LTE networks
80
• No data transmission 95% of
60 the time in the average LTE
% network
40
• Major potential for improving
20 energy efficiency
typical PRB utilization
0 only ~5-20% PRB = Physical
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 Resource Block
Different Nokia LTE customers
11
5G Waveforms and Motivation

• SC = Single Carrier
<6 GHz 3-40 GHz >40 GHz • CP = Cyclic Prefix
• UF = Universal Filtered
UF-OFDMA with ZT-DFT-S-OFDM • ZT-DFT-OFDM = Zero Tail
CP-OFDMA Discrete Fourier Transform
uplink SC option (=Single carrier)
• Sidelink = Device-to-Device
communication

• Similar solution in uplink and downlink to allow efficient

interference handling, sidelinks and (self)backhauling
• UF-OFDMA to allow efficient multiplexing of multiservices in
frequency which is more important at low bands
• ZT-DFT-S-OFDMA to maximize power amplifier efficiency and to
allow efficient beamforming with minimized switching overhead

12
Massive MIMO and Interference Cancellation for Enhanced Performance

Beamforming with massive

MIMO

Inter-cell Interference
Cancellation and Coordination

13
Spectrum Strategy – Potential 5G Bands Below 6 GHz

MHz Today 2020-25 2025+

5 GHz Wi-Fi Wi-Fi + LTE
4500 5G • 5G below could initially use
3500 LTE LTE/5G 3.5 GHz, 900 MHz, 700
2600 LTE LTE MHz and 600 MHz
2300 LTE LTE 5G
• All spectrum migrates later
2100 3G LTE
to 5G
• 2G+3G maintenance at 900
1800 2G+LTE LTE
MHz
1500 LTE LTE
• LTE and NB-IoT
900 2G+3G 2G+3G+5G
maintenance at 800 MHz
800 LTE LTE/NB-IoT LTE/NB-IoT
• LTE + 5G carriers can be
700 LTE LTE+5G
5G aggregated together
600 5G

14
Migration to 5G at Low Bands – Let’s Look at iPhone 6S Teardown

Wi-Fi, BT RF filters, TRX

filters and switches
• Radio protocols
is very small part
Wi-Fi, BT,
of smartphone
FM radio
complexity and
silicon area
• Baseband is 6%
of smartphone
Bill of Material
(BOM)

Power LTE Application

15
amplifiers protocols processor
 = user plane
5G Architecture Options = control plane

LTE anchoring 5G anchoring

with EPC with 5G core Future 5G only

EPC EPC 5G 5G

S1 S1-U S1

LTE X2+ 5G LTE X2+ 5G 5G

16
5G New Inactive Connected State “True Always On”

EMM DEREGISTERED EMM REGISTERED

ECM CONNECTED UE in “inactive
RRC IDLE
connected mode”
RRC consumes reduced
CONNECTED resources and
supports seamless
EMM REGISTERED/ECM-IDLE transition to
RRC INACTIVE connected mode to
RRC IDLE CONNECTED
transmit data

LTE: frequent transition between RRC idle and connected

5G: remain in RRC inactive connected state

17
cmWave Demo Shows 19 Gbps

• 15 GHz • 400 MHz

• Over the air • 8x8 MIMO
• TDD • 256QAM

18
5G on commercial AirScale radio access - world’s first
• Investments today will meet future demands
Augmented real
world mobility &
collaboration

Augmented
5G Virtual AirScale
shopping
Augmented
Augmented
gaming Reality Base

experience
Station
dashboard

< 1ms AirScale

VR gaming 8 x 8 MIMO RRH

Real-time Dynamic UL/DL

Touch & collaboration Optimized frame structure
Steer
AirScale System Module

Real-time AirFrame
Remote remote
robotics avatar AirScale Cloud BTS Server

Virtual 3D
presence
App Server

19
Nokia Flexi Practical Site Installation – Tampere, Finland

Flat base station

architecture?

Carries still traffic

>1 GB/cell/hour

20
My Data Usage in February

My smartphone data consumption

in Teliasonera LTE network 4.3 TB
during February. I assume it is
more than global average?

Most busy days

>250 GB/day

My subscription is limited to 50 Mbps and UE is just

21 Cat 4 which explains the relatively low data volume
 Thank You!

22