Bidang Pembelajaran: Geometri

Bab

8 Vektor

→ → → → → →
1 PQ + PT − RS = PQ + QS + SR q
_–p
_ Q
→
= PR P
q_
p
_
2
b_
O
a_
O 2a_
6
U
_
B –v
–2b_
_
3u
R

O V 5u
_
2v_
3 x_
B Q
y_
3y_ A

O x_ A
→ → →
7 AD = AF + FD

= 1 AE + 4
→ →
AB
3 5
P 1 4
= (15 –b ) + (10 –a )
3 5
4 = 5b
– + 8a
–
A
u_
8
P
O

3v_

B A
–u
_
P B
b
– a Q
–
→ → O
5 –q – p– = OQ – OP
→ →
= OQ + PO
→ →
= PO + OQ
→
= PQ

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 → → → 1 3 3
9 OX = OB + BX
→ 3 →
= 
2 4 –
(8 a ) + (–16 –b )
4 
= OB + BA 1
7 = (6 –a – 12 –b )
→ 3 → → 2
= OB + (BO + OA ) = 3a
7 – – 6b
–
3
= 7 –b + (–7 –b + 7 –a ) 14
7 E D
= 7 –b – 3 –b + 3 –a
= 4 –b + 3 –a
= 3a– + 4b –
Tingkatan 4

F C
→ → → O
10 DP = DC + CP
→ 4 →
= DC + CB
7
8

A B
→ 4 →
= AB + DA
7
Bab

→ → →
(a) DF + FB + FE
4 → → →
= 8 –a + (–7 –b ) = DF + FB + BC
7
= 8a – 4b →
– – = DC
→ → → → → →
11 OU = OP + PU (b) DE = OE – OD
→ 1 → = –e – d–
= OP + PQ →
2 Vektor unit dalam arah DE
→ 1 5 →
= OP +
2 3 OR   = →
→
DE
→ 5 → DE
= OP + OR
6 –e – d–
5 =
=a 3
–+ 6b – 1 1
= –e – d
3 3–
→ 1 →
12 OU = OT
2 15 4a
_ P
1 → →
= 
2 OR RT
+  R
2 8b
_
1 → 1 →
=  +
2 OR 2 RQ  T
1
S

1 1
= 
4 b + (6 a )
2 – 2 –  Q
1 → → →
= (4 –b + 3 –a ) (a) QR = QP + PR
2
3 = –8 –b + 4 –a
= 2b–+ 2a – = 4a
– – 8b –
→ → →
→ 1 → (b) ST = SQ + QT
13 PM = PQ
2 1 → 1 →
1 → → = PQ + QR
= 
+
2 PC CQ  3 2
1 (8 b ) + 1 (–8 b + 4 a )
=
1 3 → 3 → 3 – – –
=  +
2 4 AC 4 CB  8
2
= –b – 4 –b + 2 –a
3
Berdasarkan nisbah segi tiga serupa (ΔCPQ dan ΔCAB), 4
= –– b
2a
3–
CQ CP 3 → 3 →
= = . Maka, CQ = CB .
CB CA 4 4

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 16 R 19 (3h – 2) –a + (2k + 6) –b = –8 –a + 10 –b
_
6a
3h – 2 = –8
3h = –6
Q h = –2
6b_ 2k + 6 = 10
2k = 4
S k=2
3a_
P
20 (5 + 2k) –a = 9 –a + (3 – m) –b

Bab
→ → → → 5 + 2k = 9
(a) SR – PR = SR + RP
→ 2k = 4
= SP

8
k=2
= –3a

Tingkatan 4
– 3–m=0
→ → → m=3
(b) QP = QR + RP
→ →
= 2PS – 6 –b 21 PQ = h –a + k –b
= 2(3 –a ) – 6 –b 8 2 –1
= 6a
– – 6b –
    2
–1
=h
1
+k
2h – k = 8 ....①
17 2AM = 5MB h + 2k = –1 ....②
AM 5 Daripada ①:
=
MB 2 k = 2h – 8 ....③
B Gantikan ③ ke dalam ②:
2
M
h + 2(2h − 8) = −1
10b_ 5h = 15
5 h=3
Daripada ③:
O A k = 2(3) – 8
4a_
= –2
→ → → →
(a) AB = AO + OB Maka, PQ = 3a
= –4a – – 2b–
– + 10b –
→ → → →
(b) OM = OA + AM 22 RS = h –a + k –b
5 → –5 2 –1
= 4 –a + AB
7      
–5
=h
1
+k
2
5 2h – k = –5 ....①
= 4 –a + (–4 –a + 10 –b )
7 h + 2k = –5 ....②
20 50 Daripada ①:
= 4 –a – a+ b
7 – 7 – k = 2h + 5 ....③
8 50
= a + b Gantikan ③ ke dalam ②:
7– 7 –
h + 2(2h + 5) = −5
5h + 10 = –5
18 OS = 4SQ
h + 2 = –1
OS
=4 h = –3
SQ
OS : SQ = 4 : 1 Daripada ③:
→ 4 → k = 2(–3) + 5
∴ OS = OQ = –1
5
→
4 Maka, RS = –3a
= (10 –a + 5 –b ) ––b
–
5
= 8a– + 4b–

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 → 26 C 3a_ B
23 OD = h –a + k –b
2
2 2 2
     
–4
=h
0
+k
4 4b_
P

2h + 2k = 2 3
h+k=1 ....①
O 6a A
_
4k = –4
k = –1 ....② → → →
(a) OB = OC + CB
Gantikan ② ke dalam ①: = 4b
– + 3a
–
h–1=1
Tingkatan 4

h=2 → 2 →
(b) BP = BA
→ 5
Maka, OD = 2a––b– 2 (BO→ →
= + OA )
5
8

24 (a) Oleh sebab titik-titik X, Y dan Z adalah 2

segaris, = [(–4 –b – 3 –a ) + 6 –a )]
5
Bab

→ → 2
XY = kYZ = (3 –a – 4 –b )
2 –a + 4 –b = k(3 –a + m –b ) 5
2 –a + 4 –b = 3k –a + km –b 6 – 8b
= a
5– 5–
Menyamakan pekali –a , → → →
3k = 2 (c) OP = OB + BP
2 8 6
k= = 4 –b + 3 –a – –b + –a
3 5 5
Menyamakan pekali –b , =
12 b + 21 a
km = 4 5 – 5 –
2
m=4
3
27 R
m=6
→ 2 → Q
(b) XY = YZ
3 k=
2
12q_
→ 2 → 3
|XY | = |YZ |
3 S
→ P
XY 2
→ = 3 8p
_
YZ O
XY : YZ = 2 : 3 → 4 →
(a) OR = PQ
3
25 –r = 2 p– – 3 –q 4 → →
h –a + (h – k) –b = 2(3a– + 2 –b ) – 3(3a– – –b )
=
3 PO OQ
+ 
h –a + (h – k) –b = –3a– + 7 –b 4
= (–8 p– + 12 –q )
3
Menyamakan pekali –a , 32 p + 16q
h = –3 =–
3 – –
Menyamakan pekali –b ,
h–k=7 → → →
(b) PS = PO + OS
–3 – k = 7 → 1 →
k = –10 = PO + OQ
4
1
= –8 p– + (12 –q )
4
= –8 p
– + 3q
–

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 → → → Telah didapati di (a) dan (b) bahawa
(c) QR = QO + OR
→ 1 →
32 p RN = (– –b + 3 –a ) dan RP = 2(– –b + 3 –a ).
= –12 –q – + 16 q 2
3 – –
32 → 1
= 4q p RN = (– –b + 3 –a )
–– 3 – 2
→
1 1 →
 
RP = 2(– b + 3a)
Telah didapati di (b) dan (c) bahawa =
– –

→ → 32 2 2 RP – –
1 →
∴ (– b + 3 a ) = RP
PS = –8 p– + 3 –q dan QR = 4 –q – 3 p– .
2
1 →
= RP
→ 32 4
QR = 4 –q – 3 p–

Bab
→ 1 →
12 q – 32p Oleh sebab RN = RP dan R ialah titik
– – 4
=

8
3 sepuya, maka titik-titik R, N dan P
4 adalah segaris.

Tingkatan 4
= (3 –q – 8 p– )
3
29 D
4 →
= PS 1
3
→ S
Oleh sebab QR dapat diungkapkan 3y
_ 2
→ 2
sebagai gandaan skalar PS , maka PS T
adalah selari dengan QR. 1
A C
2x
_ B 6x_
28 Q
→ → →
_
b (a) (i) AS = AD + DS Diberi
CD = 3SD
R → 1 → → 1 →
= AD + DC ∴ DS = DC
3
N 3
_
2b
1 →
→
= AD + +
3 DA AC  →

P 1 →
O

→ →
3a
_ M 3a_ →
= AD +
3 DA 
+ 4AB
→

→
(a) RN = RQ + QN 1 –3 y + 4(2 x )
1 → = 3 y– +
3 –  – 
= –b + QM
2 8
= 3 y– – y– + x–
3
2
Diberi OR = OQ, maka 8
→ 1 →
3
= 2y– + 3 x–
RQ = OQ
3
1 → → → Diberi
= (3 b )
3 – (ii) TC = TB + BC BD = 3BT
=b
– 1 → → → 1 →
= DB + BC ∴ TB = 3 DB
1 → 3
= –b +
2 QO OM
+
→

1 →
1
= –b + (–3 –b + 3 –a )
=
3 DA AB 
+
→ →
+ BC 
2
1
3 3 = (–3 y– + 2 x– ) + 6 x–
= –b – –b + –a 3
2 2
1b+ 3a → →
=– – AC = 4AB = 4(2 x ) = 8 x
2 2– →
–
∴ BC = 8 x – 2 x = 6 x
–
– – –
1 (–b + 3a )
= 2x
2 – – = – y– + + 6 x–
3–
→ → → 20
(b) RP = RO + OP = –y
– + 3 x–
= –2 –b + 6 –a
= 2(–b – + 3a –)

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 → Menyamakan pekali p ,
(b) Cari AT terlebih dahulu. –
3 = 2m
→ → →
AT = AB + BT 3
⇒m=
y 2 2
= 2x 
– + – – 3 x–  =1
1
4 2
= x– + y
3 –
Telah didapati di (a)(ii) bahawa Menyamakan pekali q ,
→ 2x –
TB = –y + – 1 5
– 3 k= m
Daripada (a)(i), →
∴ BT = y – x
2 4 3
– 3–
→ 8 1 5 3
Tingkatan 4

AS = 2y + x–
– 3 4
k=  
3 2
= 2 y– + 4 x–
  1
k=
5
3 4 2
→
8

= 2 AT k = 10
Bab

→ →
Oleh sebab AS = 2 AT dan A ialah 31
titik sepunya, maka titik-titik A, T dan R
S adalah segaris. S
T
30 T
12v_ X

P 5
_ + 3 q_
12p
1
P
R 4u_
4p
_ 3 Q
→ → →
(a) PR = PQ + QR Diberi
Q → 2 →
kq_ 3→ PS = QR,
– + 2 PS
= 4u
O 3
→ 3 →
maka QR = PS .
2
→ → → 3
= 4u (12v– )
(a) OR = OP + PR –+ 2
1 → = 4u
= 4p + PQ – + 18v–
– 4
1 → → →
= 4p +
– 4
→
PO + OQ  (b) (i) TX = mPQ
= m(4u
1 –)
= 4 p + (–4p– + k q ) = 4mu–
– 4 –
(ii) P, X dan R adalah segaris.
1
= 4p – p + kq → →
– – 4 – PX = kPR
1 → →
= 3p + kq PT + TX = k(4u– + 18v– )
– 4 – 3 →
PS + 4mu– = 4ku
– + 18kv–
(b) Oleh sebab titik-titik O, R dan T adalah 4
segaris, Diberi Daripada (b)(i)
→ →
OR = mRT
3 (12 )
1 v– + 4mu– = 4ku
– + 18kv–
3p + k –q = m 2p + –q
– 4 – 3
5
  4
1 5 9v– + 4mu
– = 4ku
– + 18kv–
3p + k –q = 2mp + m –q Menyamakan pekali v– ,
– 4 3
9 = 18k
1
k=
2

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 Menyamakan pekali u
–, 1 →
  
→ →
4m = 4k = m DA + XD + DC
2
1
4m = 4
2    1
= m 10 x– + (–4 x– + 10 y )
2 – 
1 = m(10 x– – 2 x– + 5 y )
m= –
2
= 8m –x + 5m y ....①
–
→ → →
32 (a) (i) OP = OA + AP Diberi juga bahawa
= 8a → → →
– + 4b – DY = DX + nXC
→ → →
(ii) BA BO + OA
= = 4 x– + n(–4 x– + 10y )

Bab
–
= –10b – + 8a
– = 4 x– – 4n x– + 10ny
–

8
→ → = (4 – 4n) x– + 10ny ....②
(b) (i) OR = mOP –

Tingkatan 4
= m(8 –a + 4 –b ) ①=②
= 8ma – + 4mb – ....① 8mx– + 5my = (4 – 4n)x– + 10ny
– –
→ → → Menyamakan pekali x– ,
(ii) OR = OB + BR
→ → 8m = 4 – 4n
= OB + nBA
8m + 4n = 4
= 10 –b + n(–10 –b + 8 –a )
2m + n = 1 ....③
= 10 –b – 10n –b + 8n –a
= (10 – 10n)b Menyamakan pekali y ,
– + 8na– ....② 5m = 10n
–
(c) ①=② m = 2n ....④
8m –a + 4m –b = (10 – 10n) –b + 8n –a Gantikan ④ ke dalam ③:
Menyamakan pekali –a , 2(2n) + n = 1
8m = 8n 5n = 1
m=n ....③ 1
n=
Menyamakan pekali –b , 5
4m = 10 – 10n ....④ Daripada ④:
1
Gantikan ③ ke dalam ④:
4m = 10 – 10m
m=2  
5
14m = 10 2
=
5 5
m=
7 (b) Diberi bahawa
5 → → →
Daripada ③: m = n = DY = DX + nXC
7
→ → 1 →
DY = DX + XC
33 A B 5
Didapati juga bahawa
→ → →
10x_ DY = DX + XY
Maka, dengan perbandingan,
X C → 1 →
Y XY = XC
5
10y_ → 1 →
XY = 2AB
D 5
(a) Diberi bahawa 5 AB
=
→ → 2 XY
DY = mDB
∴ AB : XY = 5 : 2
 
→ →
= m DA + AB
1 →
 
→
= m DA + XC
2

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 34 B → → →
(ii) OM = OA + AM
→ 1 →
OM = 2 –a + AB
5b
_ 2
→ 1
D OM = 2 –a + (–2 –a + 6 –b )
2
→
E OM = 2 –a – –a + 3 –b
A →
O 3a
_ C OM = a
– + 3b –
→ → →
(a) (i) OE = OA + AE → →
(b) OQ = pOM
Tingkatan 4

→ →
= OA + hAD = p( –a + 3 –b )
→ → → = pa
= OA + hAO + OD  – + 3pb –
= 3 –a + h(–3 –a + 2 –b ) → → →
(c) OQ = OA + AQ
8

= 3 –a – 3h –a + 2h –b →
= 2 –a + kAP
Bab

= (3 – 3h)a – + 2hb – ....① → →

= 2 –a + kAO + OP  → 1 →
OP = OB
→ → → 3
(ii) OE = OB + BE = 2 –a + k(–2 –a + 2 –b ) 1
= (6b )
→ → 3 –
= OB + kBC = (2 – 2k)a – + 2kb – = 2b
–
→ → →
= OB + kBO + OC  (d) p –a + 3p –b = (2 – 2k) –a + 2k –b
= 5 –b + k(–5 –b + 2 –a ) Menyamakan pekali –a ,
= 5 –b – 5k –b + 2k –a p = 2 – 2k ....①
= (5 – 5k)b – + 2ka – ....② Menyamakan pekali –b ,
(b) ①=② 3p = 2k ....②
(3 – 3h) –a + 2h –b = (5 – 5k) –b + 2k –a Gantikan ① ke dalam ②:
Menyamakan pekali –a , 3(2 – 2k) = 2k
3 – 3h = 2k 6 – 6k = 2k
2k + 3h = 3 ....③ 8k = 6
3
Menyamakan pekali –b , k=
4
2h = 5 – 5k
Daripada ②:
5k + 2h = 5 ....④
③ × 2 – ④ × 3: –11k = –9 3p = 2  34 
9
⇒k= 1
11 p=
2
Daripada ③:
9
2 
11
+ 3h = 3 36 (a) Y

18
3h = 3 –
11 1y
15 2_
3h =
11 C
5 X B
h=
11
2 x_ 1y
3 2_
→ → → A
35 (a) (i) AP = AO + OP
1 x_
→ 1 → 3 O
AP = –2 –a + OB
3
→ → →
1 (i) AB = AO + OB
= –2 –a + (6 b )
3 – → 1 1
= –2a AB = – x– + y
– + 2b
– 3 2–

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 → → → → → →
(ii) BX = BO + OX (ii) OC = OA + AC
→ 1 → → 2 →
BX = – y +x OC = OA + AB
2– – 3
→ → → → 2 (–6 a + 6 b )
(iii) AY = AO + OY OC = 6 –a + – –
3
→ 1 →
AY = – x– + y
–
OC = 6 –a – 4 –a + 4 –b
3 →
OC = 2a – + 4b –
→ → →
(b) AB = AC + CB → →
(b) (i) OE = hOC
– 1 x– + 1 y = kAY + hXB
→ →

Bab
→
3 2– OE = h(2 –a + 4 –b )
– 1 x– + 1 y = k – 1 x– + y + h 1 y –
→
   

8
x– OE = 2ha – + 4hb –
3 2– 3 – 2–

Tingkatan 4
→ → →
– x– + y = – k – h x– + k + 1 h
1 1 1
    y– (ii) OE = OB + BE
3 2– 3 2 → →
OE = 6 –b + kDA
Menyamakan pekali x– , → → →
OE = 6 –b + kDO + OA
– 1k–h =– 1 →
3 3 OE = 6 –b + k(–3 –b + 6 –a )
–k – 3h = –1 →
OE = (6 – 3k)b – + 6ka –
k + 3h = 1
k = 1 – 3h ....① (c) 2h – + 4h – = (6 – 3k) – + 6k –a
a b b
Menyamakan pekali y– , Menyamakan pekali –a ,
1 1 2h = 6k
k+ h=
2 2 h = 3k ....①
2k + h = 1 ....②
Menyamakan pekali –b ,
Gantikan ① ke dalam ②: 4h = 6 – 3k ....②
2(1 – 3h) + h = 1
Gantikan ① ke dalam ②:
–5h = –1
4(3k) = 6 – 3k
1
h= 15k = 6
5
2
Daripada ①: k=
5
k=1–3  15  Daripada ①:
6
2 h=
= 5
5
38 A

37 E D
1
3
B
2
C E
A C B
3b_ 7x_
2y_
D 4
6a_
3b_ O

O → → →
(a) (i) BC = BO + OC
→ → → 4 →
(a) (i) DA = DO + OA = –2 y + OA
→ – 7
DA = –3b
– + 6a
– 4
= –2 y + (7 –x )
– 7
= –2y + 4x–
–

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 → → → → → →
(ii) OD = OB + BD (a) (i) TR = TP + PR
1 → = –6x– + 6y
= 2 y + BA –
– 2
→ → →
1 (ii) PS = PT + TS
= 2 y– + (–2y– + 7 x– )
2 → 3→
= PT + TR
7 4
= 2 y– – y– + x–
2 3
= 6x– + (–6x– + 6 y )
7 x 4 –
=y–+ 2– 9 9
= 6x– – x– + y
2–
Tingkatan 4

→ → 2
(b) (i) OE = pOD 3 9
7 = x– + y

= p y + x–
– 2  2 2–

7 → →
(b) PU = hPS
8

= py + px– ....①
– 2
3 9
 
Bab

→ → → = h x– + y–
(ii) OE = OB + BE 2 2
→ → 3 hx 9 hy
= +
= OB + qBC 2 – 2 –
= 2 y + q(–2 y + 4 x– ) → → →
– – PU = PT + kTQ
= (2 – 2q) y + 4qx– ....② = 6 x– + k(–6 x– + 4y )
–
–
= (6 – 6k) x– + 4ky
(c) Menyamakan ① dan ②, –
Menyamakan pekali x– ,
py + 7 p x– = (2 – 2q) y– + 4qx–
– 2 3 h = 6 – 6k
2
Menyamakan pekali y ,
– 3h = 12 – 12k
p = 2 – 2q ....③
h = 4 – 4k ....①
Menyamakan pekali x– ,
7 p = 4q Menyamakan pekali y ,
9 –
2 4k = h
2
7p = 8q
8k = 9h ....②
7(2 – 2q) = 8q
14 – 14q = 8q Gantikan ① ke dalam ②:
14 = 22q 8k = 9(4 – 4k)
7 8k = 36 – 36k
q=
11 44k = 36
Daripada ③: 9
k=
11
p=2–2  117  Daripada ①:
9
=
8
11
h=4–4
11 
8
=
39 R
11
2y_
S
Q

4y_ U

P T
6x_

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 40 N 41 B
M
K
4b_ A M
L

14y_
T 2x_
R
L OM = 10y_
2b_
3a
_ O
K → 5 →
(a) (i) OM = OB
→ 1 → 7

Bab
(a) (i) Diberi KR = KN , maka
3 5
→ → = (14y )
7 –

8
KN = 3KR
→ = 10y

Tingkatan 4
KN = 3(2 –b ) –
→
KN = 6 –b → 1 →
(ii) AK = AB
4
→ → →
NL = NK + KL 1
= (–2x– + 14y )
= –6b 4 –
– + 3a
–
1 + 7
→ → → =– x y
(ii) KT = KL + LT 2– 2–
→ 1→ → →
KL + LN (b) (i) AL = pAM
3
→
1
= 3 –a + (6 –b – 3 –a ) AL = p(–2x– + 10 y– )
3 →
AL = –2px– + 10py –
= 3 –a + 2 –b – –a
→ →
= 2a– + 2b – (ii) KL = qKO
→ → →
→ → → KL = qKA + AO 
(b) (i) NM = NK + KM
→ 1 7
→ 1 →
= NK + q KT 2
KL = q x– – y– – 2x–
2 
→ 3 7
1
= –6– + q (2 –a + 2 –b ) KL = q –  x –
2– 2–
y 
2 2 → 3 7
= –6 –a + q –a + q –b KL = – qx– – qy
2 2 –
2 2

= q –6 b 
– + qa – (c)
→ → →
AK = AL + LK
→ 1 7 3 7
(ii) Diberi bahawa NM = 3p –a − 2 –b . – x– + y = –2p x– + 10p y + q x– + q y
2 2– – 2 2 –
Dengan perbandingan, 1 7 3 7
2 2 2 2  
– x– + y = –2 p + q x– + 10 p + q y
2– 2 – 
q – 6 = –2 dan 3p = q Dengan perbandingan,
2 2
q =4 p= –2p + 3 q = – 1
3q 2 2
q= 1 p=
2 –4p + 3q = –1 ....①
2 1
3
2   10p + 7 q = 7
2 2
4 20p + 7q = 7 ....②
p=
3

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 –20p + 15q = –5 ....① × 5 Maka, vektor unit dalam arah
– 20p + 7q = 7 ....② 1
22q = 2 –a = 10 (6 –i + 8 –j )
1 2 (3 i + 4 j )
q= =
11 10 – –
Daripada ①: 1
= (3 –i + 4 –j )
5
–4p + 3  111  = –1 3
= –i + –j
4
5 5
14
–4p = –
11
Tingkatan 4

–12
 
→
7 44 Diberi bahawa OP = .
p= 5
22 →
|OP| = √(–12)2 + 52
42 = √ 169
8

S
= 13
Bab

3 R Maka, vektor unit dalam arah

20v_
T
1 –12
2 – 3u
2
_ + 12v_ →
|OP| = 13 5  
12

 
Q
P 15u_ –
13
→ → → =
(a) (i) QS = QP + PS 5
= –15u 13
– + 20v
–
→ → →
(ii) PT = PQ + QT 45 3 –a – –b – 1 –c
2 → 5
= 15u– + 5 QS
= 3(3 –i + 5 j ) – (–3 –i + 10 j ) – 1 (5 –i – 10 j )
2 – – 5 –
= 15u– + 5 (–15u – + 20v– ) = 9 –i + 15 j + 3 –i – 10 j – –i + 2 j
– – –
= 15u– – 6u– + 8v– = 11 –i + 7 j
= 9u + 8v –
– –
→ → 46 –a + –b + –c
(b) PT = kTR
→ → = (7 –i + 8 j ) + (2 –i – 5 j ) + (13 –i – 7 j )
– – –
– + 8v– = kTQ + QR 
9u
= 22 –i – 4 j
3 –
 – – + 12 v
– – 8v– 2 u
= k 6u –  | –a + –b + –c | = √222 + (–4)2
9
=k u
2–
+ 4v
–  = √ 500
= √100 × 5
9
= ku + 4kv = 10√ 5 atau 22.36
2 – –
Menyamakan pekali u –, –5
9
9= k
47 2p– – q =
–  
8
2
–4 –5
k=2  
2
6
–q=
–  
8
Maka, PT : TR = 2 : 1 –8 –5
   
12
–
8
= q
–
43 Diberi bahawa –a = 6 –i + 8 j . –3
–
| –a | = √62 + 82
∴q=
–  
4
= √ 100 | –q | = √(–3)2 + 42
= 10 = √ 25
=5

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 → → → (3k – 1)(k + 1) = 0
48 AB = OB – OA
= (6 –i + 6 j ) – (–2 j ) k = 1 atau –1
– – 3
= 6 –i + 8 j
–
→ 52 Diberi bahawa –a selari dengan –b , maka
|AB| = √6 + 82
–a = k –b
2

= √ 100 7 –i + 6 j = k[(t – 2) –i + 2 j ]
– –
= 10 7 –i + 6 j = k(t – 2) –i + 2k j
→ – –
Maka, vektor unit dalam arah AB
Menyamakan pekali –i ,
1 (6 i + 8 j )

Bab
= k(t – 2) = 7 ....①
10 – –
2 (3 i + 4 j ) Menyamakan pekali –j ,

8
=
10 – – 2k = 6

Tingkatan 4
1 ⇒k=3
= (3 –i + 4 –j )
5 Daripada ①:
3 4 3(t – 2) = 7
= –i + –j
5 5
⇒t=41
3
49 u
– + mv– = 11 –i –4j
–
3 –i + m j + m(k –i – 3 j ) = 11 –i
– –
–4j
–
53 –a = k –b
3 –i + m j + mk –i – 3m j = 11 –i –4j m –i + 3 j = k[–2 –i + (m – 5) j ]
– – – – –
(3 + mk) –i – 2m j = 11 –i –4j m –i + 3 j = –2k –i + k(m – 5) j
– – – –
Menyamakan pekali j , Menyamakan pekali –i ,
–
–2m = –4 m = –2k
⇒m=2 k=–1m ....①
Menyamakan pekali –i , 2
3 + mk = 11 Menyamakan pekali j ,
–
3 + (2)k = 11 k(m – 5) = 3 ....②
k=4 Gantikan ① ke dalam ②:

= 12 + 7 j – 1 m(m – 5) = 3
50 2u – + kv– – 2
2(3 –i – 4 j ) + k(2 –i + h j ) = 12 –i + 7 j –m(m – 5) = 6
– – – –m2 + 5m = 6
6 –i – 8 j + 2k –i + hk j = 12 –i + 7 j
– – – m2 – 5m + 6 = 0
(6 + 2k) –i + (hk – 8) j = 12 –i + 7 j
– – (m – 2)(m – 3) = 0
Menyamakan pekali –i , m = 2 atau 3
6 + 2k = 12
⇒k=3 54 2 –r – 3p –s
Menyamakan pekali j , = 2(2 –i + 3 j ) – 3p(–4 –i + 2 j )
– – –
h(3) – 8 = 7 = 4 –i + 6 j + 12p –i – 6p j
– –
⇒h=5 = (4 + 12p)i + (6 – 6p) j
–
Oleh sebab 2r − 3ps adalah selari dengan
51 3 –a + 2 –b = –i + 12 –j paksi-y, maka komponen x = 0, iaitu pekali
3(k2 –i + 2 j ) + 2(k –i + 3 j ) = –i + 12 –j i = 0.
– –
3k2 –i + 6 j + 2k –i + 6 j = –i + 12 –j Apabila pekali i = 0,
– –
(3k2 + 2k) –i + 12 j = –i + 12 –j 4 + 12p = 0
–
Menyamakan pekali –i , ⇒p=– 1
3
3k2 + 2k = 1
3k2 + 2k – 1 = 0

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 55 Oleh sebab p adalah selari dengan q , 1 = m(k – 6) ....①
– –
p = mq –2 = m(–2) ....②
– –
(k + 2) –i + 4 j = m(k –i + 2 j ) m=1
– –
(k + 2) –i + 4 j = mk –i + 2m j Daripada ①:
– – 1 = 1(k – 6)
Menyamakan pekali –i , ⇒k=7
k + 2 = mk ....①
Menyamakan pekali j , 58 Cari –a – –b terlebih dahulu.
–
2m = 4
–a – –b = (10 –i + p –j ) – (7 –i – –j )
⇒m=2 ....② = 3 –i + (p + 1) j
Tingkatan 4

–
Daripada ①:
k + 2 = 2k | –a – –b | = 5
⇒k=2 √ 32 + (p + 1)2 = 5
9 + (p + 1)2 = 52
8

56 Oleh sebab titik-titik O, M dan N adalah 9 + p2 + 2p + 1 = 25

Bab

segaris, p2 + 2p − 15 = 0
→ → (p + 5)(p − 3) = 0
OM = kON
p = −5 atau 3
p –i + 2 j = k(8 –i + p j )
– –
p –i + 2 j = 8k –i + pk j 59 Cari p– – –q terlebih dahulu.
– –
Menyamakan pekali –i , p– – q = x – –6
p = 8k – 7   
2
x+6
k=
p
8
....① =  
5
Menyamakan pekali –j , | p – q | = 13
– –
pk = 2 ....② √ (x + 6)2 + 52 = 13
Gantikan ① ke dalam ②: (x + 6)2 + 25 = 132
p x2 + 12x + 36 + 25 – 169 = 0
p  
8
=2 x2 + 12x − 108 = 0
p = 16
2
(x – 6)(x + 18) = 0
p = ±4 x = 6 atau –18
→ →
57 Cari AB terlebih dahulu. 60 Cari PQ terlebih dahulu.
→ → → → → →
AB = OB – OA PQ = OQ – OP
6 – 5
=
4    
6 =
4 – 1
7    
3
1
=
–2  =
3
4  
→ → →
Kemudian, cari BC . |PQ | = 2|OR |
→ → → √ 32 + 42 = 2√ (–2)2 + p2
BC = OC – OB
k – 6 √25 = 2√4 + p2
=
2    
4 25 = 22(4 + p2)
k–6 25 = 4(4 + p2)
=  
–2 25 = 16 + 4p2
9 = 4p2
Oleh sebab titik-titik A, B dan C adalah
segaris, p2 = 9
→ → 4
AB = mBC p =± 3
1 =m k–6 2
 
–2 
–2 
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 61 Cari x– + y – 2 –z terlebih dahulu. →
|AC | = 15
–
h+4 4 h
x– + y – 2 –z =
– 
7
+     
5
–2
2
√ (p – 16)2 + 122 = 15
(p − 16)2 + 144 = 152
8–h
= 
8  p − 32p + 256 + 144
2
= 225
p2 − 32p + 175 =0
|x– – y – 2 –z | = 10 (p – 25)(p – 7) =0
–
√ (8 – h)2 + 82 = 10 p = 25 atau 7
(8 – h)2 + 64 = 102
64 – 16h + h2 + 64 – 100 = 0 (b) Oleh sebab titik-titik A, B dan C adalah

Bab
h2 – 16h + 28 = 0 segaris,
(h – 2)(h – 14) = 0 → →
AB = kBC

8
h = 2 atau 14 p –i + 6 j = k(–16 –i + 6 j )
– –

Tingkatan 4
p –i + 6 j = –16k –i + 6k j
62 – –
Q R
Menyamakan pekali –i ,
2i_+ 3j_ p = –16k ....①
Menyamakan pekali j ,
–
P S 6 = 6k
5i_ + kj_
⇒k=1 ....②
→ → → Gantikan ② ke dalam ①:
(a) PR = PQ + QR
→ → → p = –16k
PR = PQ + PS = –16(1)
h –i + 9 j = 2 –i + 3 j + 5 –i + k j = –16
2– – –
9
h –i + j = 7 –i + (3 + k) j 64 (a) Diberi P ialah titik (1, –3), maka
2– – →
OP = –i – 3 –j .
Menyamakan pekali –i ,
h=7 Diberi Q ialah titik (5, 2), maka
→
Menyamakan pekali j , OQ = 5 –i + 2 –j .
–
9
3+k= →
2 PQ = h –a + k –b
9 → →
k= –3 OQ – OP = h(2 –i – 2 –j ) + k( –i + 2 –j )
2
1 5 –i + 2 j – ( –i – 3 j ) = 2h –i – 2h j + k –i + 2k j
=1 – – – –
2 4 –i + 5 j = (2h + k) –i + (2k – 2h) j
– –
→ 3 Menyamakan pekali –i ,
(b) |PR|= 7 –i + –j
2 k + 2h = 4 ....①
= 7 + 9   Menyamakan pekali j ,
2
2
–
2 2k – 2h = 5 ....②
= √69.25 ① + ②: 3k = 9
= 8.322 unit ⇒k=3
→ Daripada ①:
63 (a) Cari AC terlebih dahulu. 3 + 2h = 4
→ → →
AC = AB + BC 1
⇒h=
= p –i + 6 j – 16 –i + 6 j 2
– –
→
→ → (b) Daripada (a), PQ = 4 –i + 5 j
BC = –CB = –(16 –i – 6 j ) = –16 –i + 6 j
– –
–
→
|PQ | = √42 + 52
= (p – 16) –i + 12 j
– = √41

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 → →
Vektor unit dalam arah PQ |OR | = √72 + 62
1 = √85
= (4 –i + 5 j )
√41 – = 9.220 unit
4 5 j
= –i +
√41 √41 – 67 3 –a + 2m –b
= 3(– –i + 2 j ) + 2m(3 –i – j )
– –
65 R
–2i_– 2j_ = –3 –i + 6 j ) + 6m –i – 2m j
2i_+ 3j_ – –
= (6m – 3) –i + (6 – 2m) j
S –
Tingkatan 4

Q
Tip Bijak
x
→ → →
P r = x –i + y j =
Bagi sebarang vektor –
–  y  yang selari
(a) PR = PQ + QR dengan paksi-x, maka y = 0, iaitu pekali j = 0.
8

–
→ →
Bab

= SR + QR
= (2 –i + 2 j ) + (2 –i + 3 j ) Apabila pekali j = 0,
– – –
6 − 2m = 0
→ → m =3
SR = –RS = –(–2 –i – 2 j ) = 2 –i + 2 j
– –

= 4 –i + 5 j 68 (a) B 16i_ + 3j_

– T
→ C
(b) Daripada (a), PQ = 2 –i + 2 j
→ – 2i_ + 3j_
|PQ | = √22 + 22
= √8 A
O 3i_+ _j
= √4 × 2
= 2√ 2 → → →
(i) OB = OA + AB
→ → →
Vektor unit dalam arah PQ = OA + OC
1 (2 i + 2 j ) = (3 –i + j ) + (2 –i + 3 j )
= – – –
2√ 2 – = 5 –i + 4 j
–
1 ( i + j)
= – – →
√2 (ii) Cari |OB| terlebih dahulu.
1 i + 1 j →
= |OB| = √52 + 42
–
√2 √2 – = √41
→
→ → → Vektor unit dalam arah OB
66 (a) PQ = OQ – OP
1
13 –2 = (5 –i + 4 j )
   
= 8 – 3 √41
5 4 j
–

15 = –i +
= 5   √41 √41 –

→ 3 → → → →
(b) PR = PQ (b) (i) OT = OC + CT
5 = (2 –i + 3 j ) + (16 –i + 3 j )
– –
→ → 3 15
OR – OP =  
5 5
= 18 –i + 6 j
–
= 6(3 –i + j )
→ –2 9 –
OR –    
3
=
3 = 6OA
→
→ 9 –2
OR =   
3
+
3
→ →
(ii) Oleh sebab OT = 6OA dan O ialah
→ 7 titik sepunya, maka titik-titik O, A
OR = 
6 dan T adalah segaris.

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 69 (a) u– = mv– 70 Lokasi kapal A dan
kapal B bertemu.
7 11
  
9
=m
k–3  VB_
7 11m
  
9
=
m(k – 3)  Q
VA_
7 = 11m 20j_
....①
m= 7
11
O 50i_
9 = m(k – 3) ....②

Bab
Gantikan ① ke dalam ②: Vektor kedudukan kapal A selepas t jam
ialah
9 = 7 (k – 3)

8
11 t(6 –i + 8 j ) = (6t –i + 8t j ) ....①
– –

Tingkatan 4
99 = k – 3 Vektor kedudukan kapal B selepas t jam
7 ialah
99 + 3 (50 –i + 20 j ) + t(–4–i + 4 j )
k= – –
7
=[(50 – 4t) –i + (20 + 4t) j ] ....②
1 –
k= 17
7 Menyamakan ① dan ②:
7 11 (6t –i + 8t j ) = [(50 – 4t) –i + (20 + 4t) j ]
(b) Diberi u  
– = 9 dan v– = k – 3 ,   –
Menyamakan pekali –i :
–

|u– | = |v– | 50 – 4t = 6t
√ 72 + 92 = √ 112 + (k – 3)2 10t = 50
49 + 81 = 121 + (k – 3)2 t=5
9 = k2 – 6k + 9 Menyamakan pekali j :
k2 – 6k = 0 –
20 + 4t = 8t
k(k − 6) = 0 4t = 20
k = 0 atau 6 t=5
Maka, kapal A dan kapal B bertemu selepas
5 jam berlayar.

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