MT (GS) - 9 - SA - Ethics - Case Studies

MAINS TEST
SERIES 2020
Ethics – Case Studies
TEST NO.: MT(GS)-9
SAMPLE ANSWERS
►QUESTION TAGSFOR L1 TESTS
 DEFINE - Give the precise meaning of
 ENUMERATE/ MENTION/ HIGHLIGHT - List out ALL the relevant points briefly (don’t get into
details). Note: Width is more important than depth.
 DESCRIBE/ EXPLAIN / ELUCIDATE/ SUBSTANTIATE / ELABORATE/ ILLUSTRATE / CLARIFY - Bring
clarity by giving relevant details (reasons, illustration, data, facts, examples, etc.)
 ACCOUNT FOR / GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF - Provide a detailed narrative about the subject in
question
 DISTINGUISH / DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN - Bring out the differences between the subjects in
question (or relationship if any between them)
 COMMENT– Provide view-point or opinion on the subject in question. Conclusion is necessary.
 ANALYZE/ DISCUSS – Explore the various dimensions of the subject in detail. State clearly the pros
and cons or argue for and against. Authenticate by giving examples or support your argument (or
stand point) by giving evidence or reasons. Conclusion is necessary.
Please note:
 Give examples/ data wherever required to authenticate your arguments.

 In Geography, draw diagrams wherever possible.
 Understand the subject and demand of the question and get straight to the point.
SAMPLE ANSWERS | QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9
ETHICS – CASE STUDIES
Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.
1. You are a Superintendent of Police and have been recently posted in 20

a District Y. On a certain day, you got information, that in City X of
the district, a quarrel between a constable and a lawyer has turned
into a violent clash. The lawyers and the police personnel started
attacking each other. After some counter-measures, the situation
was brought under control.
However, the police personnel have gone on a strike, demanding the
formation of their union/association and also strict action against
the lawyers involved, citing various similar incidences in the past.
The protest has caused traffic snarls at several intersections of the
city. There are unconfirmed reports of many vehicles being
vandalized or set on fire. A surging crowd of the protesters pose a
serious threat to the law and order situation in the city. The
unprecedented scene of police protesting outside the district
headquarters has brought the city to a halt. (250 Words)
1. Identify the issue(s) involved in the above case.
2. In such trying circumstances, what will be your response?
 Introduction: Significant roles of lawyers and police in a democratic setup.

 Body:
o Issues involved in the case.
o Short term and long term response/measures.
 Conclusion: Fostering cooperation and coordination between the two for
good governance.
Police force enforces laws and maintains law & order while lawyers play
an important role in functioning of justice. However, there are incidences
when the law keepers have been found to indulge in anti-democratic
activities like in the above case.
Issues Involved
 Intolerance by police and lawyers.
 Clash between the institutions of democracy threatens law and order
situation.
QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 1 P.T.O.

 Unjust demand of police for formation of union/association.

 Strike like situation by police causing difficulty to common public.
 Governance deficit and collapse of the rule of law.
 Lack of public faith in institutional mechanism.
RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE ISSUES

Short Term:
 Immediate medical treatment to the injured.
 Suspension of the constable for an impartial enquiry.
 Meeting with bar council members & requesting coordination for
rightful investigation.
 Convince the protesters to resume their duties.
 District Committee to be constituted to look into immediate
grievances.
 Probe the report of any unlawful act.
 Appeal to media to pacify the matter.
 Curb hate speech.
Long Term:
 Serious introspection of the police as a community.
 Identify the grievances of police forces like:
o Overburdened due to unfilled vacancies.
o Promotions (especially of constables) and working condition.
o Inadequate infrastructure.
o Undue political interference (2nd ARC).
 Request the Chief Secretary, Judiciary and other stakeholders to find
long-term solution.
 Initiate Police reforms (Prakash Singh Case).
 Implement the Model Police Act, 2006 in letter and spirit.
 Mechanism for regular coordination between police and lawyer.
To restore public confidence in policing and judicial process, cooperation
between both the institution of law and governance is imperative.
Above all, it is essential to restore the majesty of the law and its
enforcement towards welfare of the people.

2. A woman is working as a senior manager with an organization. She 20

has been working for the organization for several years, receiving
exemplary reviews and also the ‘employee-of-the-year’ award. Yet,
each of the five times she has applied for promotion, the positions
she applied for were, instead, filled by less-qualified men. On her
enquiry with the reporting manager, the reason he gave was that
some of the organization’s long-time clients are more comfortable
dealing with men, yet he was willing to consider her promotion on
the pretext of some unwanted favours.
After sometime, the woman launched a formal complaint with the
senior manager, regarding her due promotion and also against the
reporting manager. The organization, instead of taking any action
against the complaint, issued a transfer letter to the woman. (250
Words)
1. Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.
2. Evaluate the option(s) available to the woman.
3. State the option(s) she should adopt and why.
 Introduction: Relevance of Gender Equality.

 Body:
o Ethical issues involved covering all stakeholders
o Options available with the woman (along with the analysis of each
option)
o State and justify the option she should opt for.
 Conclusion: Relevance of women participation in economy
Gender equality is prerequisite for socio-economic development and

sustainable inclusive growth.
1. Ethical issues involved
 Women employee
o Affects women rights, self-respect and dignity
 Manager
o Lack of professionalism

o Patriarchal mindset
o Objectification of women.
 Organisation
o Absence of merit-based system & women distress cell.
o Injustice and gender discrimination.
o Glass ceiling of women in promotions.
 Other Employees
o Not taking any action sets wrong precedence.
2. Options available to the women
 Switch job/Resign
Merits
o Explore new opportunities with a better organization.
o Strong self-confidence and determination.
Demerit
o Temporary relief
 Accept the transfer and continue with the job.
Merits
o May benefit her career.
o Avoids investigation and societal pressure
Demerits
o Self-respect getting compromised.
o Affects mental stability, personal life and inner conscience
o Sets a wrong precedent
 Bring the issue to the notice of media/Civil Societies /NGOs
Merits
o Builds public opinion for justice.
o Brings forth patriarchy and male domination in work.
Demerits
o Media trials.
o Affects company’s image

 Lodge an FIR against the organization

Merits
o Firm determination in getting the accused punished (if found
guilty) through legal remedies.
o Mental peace and self-respect
Demerit
o Detrimental for future career prospects.
 Approach the higher authority of the organization
Merits
o Reflect high professional ethics of the women.
o May get her justice.
Demerit
o May refuse to listen to her problems.
3. She should approach the higher authority of the organisation
before exploring other options.
If there no action taken then she should approach the Local
Complaints Committee (Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace
Act, 2013). Therefore she should explore all legal remedies before
going to media.
Hence, women should try to break the glass ceiling for empowerment
and inclusive society.

3. The Nirbhaya Fund was created to be utilized for projects specifically 20

designed to improve the safety and security of women in public
places. Over the past 6 years, the corpus has increased to Rs. 3,600
crores. Though, the fund was instituted in 2013, its disbursement
gathered pace only from 2015.
63% of the fund was allocated to states and UTs from the Nirbhaya
Fund. An analysis of data, shared by the government on the
utilization of the fund on the projects for women safety, shows that
out of this fund, around 89% of the sanctioned fund was not used. No
state has reported utilization of over 50% of the fund. (250 Words)
1. ‘The creation of fund is one aspect and its utilization another’.
Examine with respect to the above given information.
2. You are a civil services aspirant and based on your
understanding; suggest appropriate measures to address the
issue.
 Introduction: Data about the fund/About Nirbhaya Fund (the mandate)

 Body:
o Issues related to underutilisation of funds
 Administrative
 Institutional
 Policy related
o Suggest measures
 Conclusion: Focus of the schemes on catering to the demands.
Nirbhaya Fund (non-lapsable) was setup in 2013, aimed at enhancing

the safety and security for women in the country. However it is
underutilized properly according to Supreme Court.
1. Issues
 Administrative/Bureaucratic fallouts
o Lack of responsibility and accountability due to fear of
scrutiny/audit.
o Preferences towards politically motivated schemes
o Misallocation of funds.
o Lack of vision in utilization of fund.

o Diffused centre-state relation creating obstacles in clearing the

sanctioned fund (as witnessed in case of Delhi).
 Weak Institutional Mechanism
o Male domination & patriarchal mindset having low/no
empathy towards women problem.
o Unfriendly criminal justice system (apathy of police officers
towards victims).
o Absence of well-designed organisational set-up.
o Unskilled and less manpower overburdened with existing
schemes.
 Policy Paralysis
o Diffused and multiplicity in schemes related to women.
o The Victim Compensation Scheme under CrPC has not been
notified by all the states.
o Lack of uniformity in victim compensation (Goa pays Rs 10
Lakh whereas M.P. pays Rs 6,500).
o Lack of monitoring in utilisation of the fund.
o Low conviction rate despite rise in the lodging of FIRs for
sexual offences.
o Absence of a national policy for providing adequate relief to
rape survivors.
2. Measures
 National Policy for compensation to rape victims.
 Centre and states should create dedicated and skilful human
resource with proper vision.
 Uniformity in policy by the states.
 Time limit for payment of such compensation to the victims
should be strictly adhered to.
 Proper monitoring of implementation of scheme like in PRAGATI
platform.
 Raise public awareness through various medium/media.
This case study epitomises the issues plaguing most of the government
schemes and policies and hence the need of the hour is to shift focus
from supply-side of the scheme to the demand-side.

4. Recently, a student protest has broken out in a central university 20

against hike in the hostel fee. The protest has been relentless, and
students from other universities and colleges have also joined the
protest. Students even took out a protest march against the decision,
heading towards the Parliament, which was subsequently stopped by
the police. There has been a brutal confrontation between the
students and the police. Many senior politicians have come out in
support of the protesting student groups.
Different observers have varied opinions on the issue. Some point
out that around 40% of the students in the university are poor. They
cannot afford to pay the hiked fee. This will result in mid-way
interruption of their education and they will have to drop out. While
others are of the opinion that the fee was too low and for the
financial health of the university, it must be brought at par with
other universities. (250 Words)
Based on the information provided above, answer the following
questions :
1. Why do some colleges and universities have a culture of protests
and raising their voices against their grievances?
2. What is your opinion about the politicization of the university
campuses? Should students participate in protest marches?
Should such protests be supported by senior politicians?
3. Suppose you are the secretary in the Human Resource
Development (HRD) Ministry. You have been given the task of
reviewing the fee hike proposal. What factors will you consider
for the review? What will be your final recommendations?
 Introduction: Bring out the case briefly/state the ethical issues involved
 Body:
o Factors influencing culture of protest
o Politicization of campus and your views
o Factors to consider for the review
o Final recommendations
 Conclusion: Present relevance of politics and education.

Ethical Issues
 Freedom of expression of students to voice their grievances.
 Duty of administration to maintain peace and order in universities
campuses.
 Affordable education.
 Politicization of campuses leads to ideological divide.
 Financial autonomy and reputation of institutions.
 Deviation from primary goal of attaining education.
Factors influencing culture of protest and voicing of grievances
 Environment
o Students studying social sciences, political theories, history etc. are
more participative in protests. Streets become their ‘laboratories’
and protests their ‘practical’s.
o Support and participation by faculty.
 Belief – conviction in Marxist theories, civil disobedience etc.
motivates one for protest.
 Customs and traditions – of protest is carried year after year and
generation after generation.
Politicization of campuses
o Restricts free thinking, freedom of speech etc.
o Leads to confrontation among student groups
o Loss of peace and order.
Freedom to protest is basic democratic right of all citizens. Therefore,
rights must be balanced with duties. Protests should be peaceful and
apolitical in nature.
Campuses should not become battle ground for competing ideologies.
The primary aim of education should not be undermined and students
should focus more on research and learning.
Politicians should support if the issue is of national importance. Politicians
must not unduly influence events in campuses.

Factors to consider for the review

 Financial condition of the students & university.
 Availability of Government funds for universities.
 Fee disparity between universities.
Final recommendations
 Parity in fees for justice among central universities with similar
facilities.
 More scholarships to make education a common good.
 Gradual hike in fees to avoid panic and emotional distress.
 Easy access to educational loan
Finally fee hike can be just a decision if it is implemented justly.
Both politics and education are important for informed and educated
youth of New India.

5. The inculcation of values facilitating the subordination of self to a 20

larger, societal good, and engendering a spirit of empathy for those
in need of ameliorative state interventions, are not skills which can
be easily imbibed after joining the civil services. Such attitudes need
nurturing not merely over an individual’s life-time, but through
successive generations - the ‘right’ ethos takes long to evolve. (250
Words)
1. Suggest some of the public services values, which are expected
from a civil servant.
2. Whether such values should be tested at the pre-entry level or
inculcated during the training period or later by the leadership of
the seniors?
 Introduction: Definition of values

 Body:
o Public service values expected from civil servants
o Divide them on the basis of what has been asked in the question
 Conclusion: Link the values with the mandate of civil servant/ quote any
famous personality about public service delivery.
Values imply preferences – An individual prefers those things which

s/he values.
1. Generic expectations from civil servants, which are referred to as
“values” are:
 Uphold constitutional and democratic values.
 Probity in public life.
 Respect for human rights and compassion for the downtrodden.
 Openness, accountability and transparency in decision-making.
 Political neutrality.
 Selflessness and good governance for betterment of the people.
 Duty to act objectively and impartially.
 Maintenance of highest ethical standards and absolute integrity.
 Efficiency and honesty in using public resources.

 Leadership, cooperation and participation of all levels of personnel

in administration.
2. In any governance system the quality of its public servants is critical

and in this context recruitment of suitable persons is of great
importance. Those aspiring to be civil servants must have not only the
required skills and knowledge, but also the right values. The values
should be tested and inculcated in every stage from pre-entry to later
stages.
Pre-Entry Level
 Values like empathy, compassion, ethical standards, integrity etc.
should be tested by way of examination, interview and merit-based
recruitment.
Training Period
 Values like integrity, openness, effective use of public resources,
good governance for betterment of the people through training
programmes and on-the-job/field training.
Later tenure
 Values like integrity, political neutrality, objectivity and impartiality,
selflessness and honesty, accountability and transparency,
upholding constitutional and democratic values, leadership by way
of emulating seniors and tools like e-governance, RTI etc.
The fact that the functioning of the civil services has a vast impact on
the well-being of the citizen and country at large, commitment to
human needs and values becomes imperative. In the era of change,
Mahatma Gandhi’s talisman must continue to be the guiding light for
young aspirants and recruits alike in upholding to values.

6. India has one of the largest numbers of listed companies in the world 20
and the efficiency and well-being of the financial markets are critical
for the society in general and the economy in particular. However, in
the recent times, there has been an increasing concern in India to
develop an effective corporate governance machinery, ethics and
integrity in systems and anti-corruption agencies. In view of this,
there is a need being felt to focus on three specific areas, which are
directly relevant to the problems of internalizing integrity and ethics
in the corporate sector. These are : (250 Words)
1. Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in
corporate governance,
2. Strengthening the ethical competence of the board members of
the company and
3. Developing administrative processes and practices which
promote ethical values and integrity in the corporate sector.
Suggest institutional measures to address the above three issues.
 Introduction: Definition of corporate governance and give its

characteristics
 Body:
o Anticipating threats to ethical standards and integrity
o Strengthening of the ethical competence of board members
o Development of administrative processes and practices
 Conclusion: Collective and multi-stakeholders approach to tackle the
menace
Corporate Governance aims to align interests of a company with all its

stakeholders.
The principal characteristics of Corporate Governance are:

 Transparency
 Accountability
 Fairness
 Social Responsibility

1. Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in

the corporate governance
 Greed leading to misappropriation of funds at Board of Directors
level.
 Self-gratification at the cost of shareholders money which is against
Gandhiji’s trusteeship principle.
 Corporate misconduct and corruption scandals (Nirav Modi scam).
 Promote secrecy to avoid scrutiny leading to corruption (Satyam
scam)
 Profit motive.
 Complex legal requirements.
2. Strengthening the ethical competence of board members of a

company
 Recognize and publish the respective roles and responsibilities of
board and management.
 Independently verification of company’s financial reporting.
 Promote timely and balanced disclosure of all material matters
concerning the company.
 Respect the rights of shareholders and facilitate the effective
exercise of those rights.
 Adoption of a business integrity policy.
 Integrating risk management and internal control.
 Well-designed code of ethical conduct.
3. Developing administrative processes and practices which

promote ethical values and integrity in corporate sector
 Implementing SEBI Committee recommendations in letter and
spirit like:
o At least half of the board member should be non-executive
Directors.
o A qualified and an independent “Audit Committee”.
 Women directors from diverse background rather than from family
of board of director.

 Strengthening regulators like SEBI etc. to handle the corporate

failure (ILF&S case).
 ‘Ethical training’ projects – e.g.: ‘Mission Satyanistha’ of Ministry of
Railways.
 CSR projects and social capital development – to bring attitudinal
changes.
 Adoption of claw-back provisions to recover corporate bonuses in
case of fraud.
 Strong government policies and legislation to undermine unfair
business practices.
 Implementing laws protecting the public/workers for reporting
corruption like Whistle Blowers Act.
When companies invest in integrity, they insulate themselves from the

cost of non-compliance and present a good business case to their
shareholders. Therefore, a collective action and sustained multi-
stakeholder initiatives become imperative to achieve a shared goal.

ADDITIONAL
CONTENT
FOR
CONCEPTUAL
CLARITY
ADDITIONAL CONTENT | QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9
ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION
2. WOMEN AT WORK PLACE

Greater gender equality is not just a moral imperative, but is also key to the creation of stronger, more sustainable
and more inclusive economies. Gender equality is central to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Implicit barriers to gender equality within public/private employment systems are removed through
affirmative policies and actions (OECD):
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTION
Are there mechanisms in place to measure progress, analyse, promote and correct action in favour of gender balance
in public employment systems?
Is evidence-based knowledge of systemic gender-related issues used to promote learning and improvement of public
employment systems and to set future directions?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
 Even the best-designed gender equality policies and programmes cannot succeed if their implementation does
not include conscious action to eliminate hidden barriers.
 Historical discrimination against women has created significant mental (often unconscious) barriers, in both men
and women, to women’s employment and professional fulfilment.
 Evidence-based research and knowledge development about systemic gender-related issues and barriers to
gender equality is a prerequisite for removing these obstacles.
 Reviewing workplace performance evaluation processes and other public employment policies and practices for
hidden gender biases is important for achieving expected gender equality outcomes in public employment as well
as in general employment.
 Running gender bias awareness campaigns and including gender bias modules in public sector training
programmes can raise awareness, disseminate knowledge and create a favourable environment for dialogue and
culture change.
 Rewarding units, managers and employees for their efforts to overcome barriers created by gender bias can also
help encourage culture change.
 Having more women in senior positions can encourage women to take positions with greater leadership
responsibilities, and, ultimately, help eradicate gender bias.
ACTIONS TO CONSIDER
 Continuously monitoring and evaluating public employment policies and practices and gender equality outcomes
for hidden gender biases.
 Reviewing workplace performance evaluation processes for gender bias and take action to remove those biases.
 Conducting regular assessments of jobs of equal value to ensure pay equity.
 Performing objective and thorough desk audits to ensure pay equality and equity.
 Undertaking research to identify implicit barriers to gender equality and their underlying motives.
 Providing specific training and coaching on gender equality barriers to public sector managers and employees.
 Enhancing rewarding system and programmes by including awards for action to overcome barriers created by
gender bias.
 Promoting public image of women senior leaders in the public sector and their pathways to leadership.

PITFALLS TO AVOID
 Conceptualising policies and programmes without thoughtful analysis of possible barriers for gender equality.
 Insufficient review of performance management and evaluation practices for gender biases and other implicit
barriers for gender equality.
EXAMPLES
Ireland
 Affirmative policy measure for gender balance at senior levels in the Irish civil service.
Recently, the Irish government has endorsed new gender balance policy measures to start breaking the glass
ceiling for women in the civil service. To this end, a target of 50/50 gender balance in appointments at senior
levels will be established; in such cases, where candidates who compete for Top Level Appointments Committee
(TLAC) positions are of equal merit, then priority would be given to the female candidate where they are under-
represented on the Management Board of the Department/Office in question.
3. NIRBHAYA FUND UTILIZATION

Information regarding Nirbhaya Fund
The Ministry of Finance, Government of India had set up a dedicated fund called Nirbhaya Fund in 2013, for
implementation of initiatives aimed at enhancing the safety and security for women in the country. It is a non-lapsable
corpus fund.
As per the guidelines issued by Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Women and Child Development is the nodal Ministry to
appraise schemes under Nirbhaya Fund and also to review and monitor the progress of sanctioned Schemes in
conjunction with the line Ministries/Departments.
Schemes of Ministry of Women and Child Development under Nirbhaya Fund
Keeping in mind the need to have schematic interventions and proper mechanism for handholding of women in
distress, three schemes were initiated by the Ministry of Women and Child Development from the Nirbhaya Fund as
follows:
 Popularly known as Sakhi Centres, the One Stop Centre Scheme is being implemented across the country since
1st April 2015.
 Helpline specifically for women with a common number across the country will link the One Stop Centres being
established by the Ministry of Women & Child Development. The number 181 has been allocated the number 181
to all States/UTs for Women Helpline.
 Mahila Police Volunteers (MPVs) will act as a link between police and community and help women in distress.
Haryana has become the first state to start the Mahila Police Volunteer scheme. Other States are expected to
implement the scheme soon.
Schemes of other Ministries/Departments under Nirbhaya Fund
 Ministry of Home Affairs:
o Emergency Response support System
o Central Victim Compensation Fund

 Ministry of Railways:
o Integrated Emergency Response Management System
 Abhaya Project Proposal (Andhra Pradesh):
o This proposal is for ensuring the safety of Women and Girl child during the transport (auto rickshaw).
 CHIRALI: Friends Forever (Rajasthan):
o To create an enabling environment that would support girls and women to move freely and make use of
choices, spaces and opportunities for their overall well-being.
4. STUDENTS PROTEST IN UNIVERSITIES

Politics is both a study and skill as to how power is exercised, and by whom (and for whose benefit), through the
administration of public power, to manage people's affairs. Politics is an integral part of the operation of public
education. Politics in education is not just about the ways of the election of school board members or local school
councils but it is an integral part of day-to-day life. Political activity is about negotiations over the allocation of scarce
resources and about deciding who gets what. But all political activities are not the same. Political struggles in schools
and colleges have different views and objectives.
Advantages of Politics in Student's Life
 Young people make up a huge proportion of the voting population so it is important that they have sufficient
knowledge about political issues.
 Politics makes students aware of their rights and the proper usage of their rights.
 Young people have less understanding of government or democratic processes; participation in Politics enlightens
them about these.
 The college education is improved through college debates and free speech. If such activities are forbidden it
leads to young minds being conditioned by the management politics instead of developing their own thinking.
 Universities are nurseries for future politicians, and there is nothing wrong with them starting off at that level with
the aim of joining mainstream politics.
 It is not advisable to ban politics altogether for students as it denies them the fundamental opportunity of
becoming a good citizen to vote. It is anti-democratic to refuse a student a campus opportunity to talk politics, to
read politics, to discuss politics in an association, to argue politics with his fellow students, subject, of course, to a
peaceful atmosphere, disciplined behaviour and obedience to public health and morality.
 Politics is a social science and its study through organised movements can create a sound administration.
 The ignorance of politics among the masses of a country paves the way for the rise of tyranny and the fall of
democracy.
Disadvantages of Politics in Student's Life
 Politics is pathologically spreading as a dangerous syndrome in our institutions of higher learning.
 Today's education is more about influencing than being simply informative. Teachers have become the means of
imparting government propaganda to students.
 Political discussions, political magazines, political association and political seminars inside the premises translate
into lawlessness and disorder.

 Educational institutes have become advertisers for a certain brand of politics within the campus and influence
students through meetings and campaigns.
 Certain hostile groups of students battling within the campus create chaos making the process of learning
impossible. Peace, health and morality and other values which constitute discipline are disturbed.
 Student campaigns at the elite universities in India's are financed by their national affiliates and they spend
thousands which a complete waste of money and time and other resources.
 Students saw university politics as an entry point to the state and central level politics. So, pettiest issues get wide
spread coverage because of their hidden intents.
 Students' groups are blank in ideology and never address issues of national concern. These students have to
ultimately deal with problems at the national level - but they are woefully unequipped to do so.
5. PUBLIC SERVICE VALUES

Allport has defined values as anything that yield satisfaction or provides a means of satisfaction. A value is not just a
preference but a preference which is considered to be supported morally or through reasoning or by aesthetic
judgment usually be two or all three of these.
Foundational Values of Civil Servant:
 Neutrality
o Civil Servants (CS) should not be inclined towards any political ideology as they are permanent executive.
o CS should hold high moral based on the confidence that career advancement will depend upon merit instead
of political considerations.
o CS should not show emotional attachment with a particular policy so that he shows up emotional disability
when it comes to turning the policy in opposite direction. He should show professional attachment with the
policies.
 Anonymity
o CS should avoid the occasion of self-publicity.
o He should glorify the public institution but should not glorify himself.
 Commitment
o Timely delivery, punctuality & considering work not as a burden but opportunity to serve the society.
o If the CS judges that public interest demands something other than what the minister asks, CS has the right to
record his dissent.
 Activism
o CS obligation to state and values of the constitution should override his loyalty to the government of the day.
o Arrest of Sri Lakshmi in 2G scam was right in itself as CS knows the rules and laws, and should not be silent or
blind to misgivings.
o CS should be bold enough, fearless and strongly convicted to pursue the common good.

 Accountability
o CS must observe procedure established by law in all his transactions.
o He should take responsibility for his decision, when he uses his discretion.
o Regular inspection, supervision and unity of command facilitate accountability.
 Appropriate use of power
o Every CS is entrusted with a part of public power. This power is conferred upon him by the state for the sole
purpose of discharging state responsibility.
o The holder of public office is trustee of public power.
o Power should not be misused as it will amount to betrayal of trust.
o Likewise non-use of power when occasion demands is also betrayal.
 Responsibility
o It is the duty to deal with or take care of so that one is blamed if something goes wrong.
o “I believe that every right implies responsibility, every opportunity an obligation, every possession a duty” -
Nelson Rodefeller
o “The search for a scapegoat is easiest of all hunting expedition” - Duright D. Eisenhower
 Courage
o Courage is not mere absence of fear but to step out from our comfort zones, out from our doubt and out
into the uncharted waters.
o “A ship in harbour is safe but that is not what ships are for” - John A. Shedd
 Discipline
o It demands the mental stamina to overcome empty passions and faulty habits.
o It is the ability to resist temptations.
o “No man is free who is not master of himself” - Epictetus
o “Many people see discipline as absence of freedom when in fact it the source of freedom.” - Julie Andrew
 Integrity
o Doing right thing for right reasons and at right time.
o They practice what they profess.
o There is congruence between private self & public self.
o Their behaviours mirror their values.
o They honour their commitments.
o “The glory of great men should be measured by the means they have used to acquire it” - Margaret Jerson
o “Success without honour is an unseasoned dish. It will satisfy your hunger but it won’t taste good.” - Joe
Paterson
o “Real integrity is doing the right thing, knowing that nobody’s going to know whether you did it or not.” -
Oprah Winfrey

 Humility
o Although self-confidence & self-esteem are healthy traits of personality there is point when they cease to be
virtues. This point is when one feels more important than others, or above reproach and stops learning.
Humility is quality of not thinking that you are better than others.
o “Truly great men & women are not terrifying. Their humidity puts you at ease.” - Elizabeth Gondge
o “Humble people who achieve success recognize that they did not get to the top all by themselves, and
willingly credit others who have helped along the way.” - Albert Einstein
o “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” - Sir Isaac Newton
 Vision
o The ability to think about future with great imagination and also intelligence. Behavior is performed twice
once inside the mind & then overtly.
o “Determine that things can be done and then we shall find the way.” - Abraham Lincoln
 Innovation
o Introduction or generator of new ideas but in practical ways.
o “The gift of imagination is at the core of your ability to innovate.” - Albert Einstein
 Empathy
o Ability to understand other’s feeling, mind & spirit. To see the things from other person’s perspective.
o Most of us do not listen with intent to understand rather we listen with intent to reply.
o The word listen contains same letter as word silent.
A A A
Acceptance Affection Achievement
(Accept yourself and others the way (Instead of showering affection on (Man must achieve what he is
they are) oneself, shower it to others) capable of Achieving)
o “There is no greater loan than a sympathetic ear.” - France Tyger
 Perseverance
o Conquering failure & fatigue
o Keep on trying
o “Bad times have a scientific value. These are occasions a good learner would never miss.” - Ralf Waldo
Emerson
6. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The integrity of businesses and markets is central to the vitality and stability of our economies. So good corporate
governance – the rules and practices that govern the relationship between the managers and shareholders of
corporations, as well as stakeholders like employees and creditors – contributes to growth and financial stability by
underpinning market confidence, financial market integrity and economic efficiency. Recent corporate scandals have

focussed the minds of governments, regulators, companies, investors and the general public on weaknesses in
corporate governance systems and the need to address this issue.
The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance provide specific guidance for policymakers, regulators and market
participants in improving the legal, institutional and regulatory framework that underpins corporate governance, with
a focus on publicly traded companies.
The main areas of the OECD Principles
 Ensuring the basis for an effective corporate governance framework
The corporate governance framework should promote transparent and efficient markets, be consistent with the
rule of law and clearly articulate the division of responsibilities among different supervisory, regulatory and
enforcement authorities.
 The rights of shareholders and key ownership functions
The corporate governance framework should protect and facilitate the exercise of shareholders’ rights.
 The equitable treatment of shareholders
The corporate governance framework should ensure the equitable treatment of all shareholders, including
minority and foreign shareholders. All shareholders should have the opportunity to obtain effective redress for
violation of their rights.
 The role of stakeholders in corporate governance
The corporate governance framework should recognise the rights of stakeholders established by law or through
mutual agreements and encourage active co-operation between corporations and stakeholders in creating
wealth, jobs, and the sustainability of financially sound enterprises.
 Disclosure and transparency
The corporate governance framework should ensure that timely and accurate disclosure is made on all material
matters regarding the corporation, including the financial situation, performance, ownership, and governance of
the company.
 The responsibilities of the board
The corporate governance framework should ensure the strategic guidance of the company, the effective monitoring
of management by the board, and the board’s accountability to the company and the shareholders.
TESTS SCHEDULE
LEVEL1
RELEASE DATE
TEST SYLLABUS
(For test & test discussion videos)
MT(GS)-1 Physical Geography of India & the World 13/10/19
MT(GS)-2 Economic Geography of Indian & the World 20/10/19
Environment, Ecology, Biodiversity, Climate Change&
MT(GS)-3 03/11/19
Disaster Management
MT(GS)-4 Indian Culture 10/11/19
MT(GS)-5 Modern History 17/11/19
MT(GS)-6 Post – Independence History + World History 24/11/19

MT(Essay)-1 Essay (ThemesfromGeography&History) 25/11/19

MT(GS)-7 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude -1 01/12/19
MT(GS)-8 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude -2 08/12/19
MT(GS)-9 Ethics in Governance – Case Studies 15/12/19
MT(GS)-10 Indian Polity & Governance -1 22/12/19
MT(GS)-11 Indian Polity & Governance – 2 29/12/19
MT(Essay)-2 Essay (ThemesfromPolityandEthics) 05/01/20
MT(GS)-12 Indian Society and Social Justice 12/01/20
MT(GS)-13 S&T 19/01/20
MT(GS)-14 International Relations& Internal Security 27/01/20
MT(Essay)-3 Essay (ThemesfromIndian Society and IR) 02/02/20
MT(GS)-15 Economic Development– 1 09/02/20
MT(GS)-16 Economic Development– 2 16/02/20
MT(Essay)-4 Essay (Themesfrom Economy and S&T) 23/02/20
LEVEL2
RELEASE DATE
TEST SYLLABUS
(For test & test discussion videos)
Geography + Environment, Ecology, Biodiversity + Disaster
ST(GS)-1 28/06/20
Management (GS Paper-1+3)
History - Culture, Modern, Post-Independence & World
ST(GS)-2 05/07/20
History(GS Paper-1)
ST(GS)-3 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude - Theory & Case Studies(GS Paper - 4) 12/07/20
ST(GS)-4 Indian Polity & Governance(GS Paper-2) 19/07/20
ST(GS)-5 Indian Society & Social Justice+ S&T(GS Paper-1+2) 26/07/20
International Relations& Internal Security
ST(GS)-6 02/08/20
(GS Paper-2+3)
ST(GS)-7 Economic Development(GS Paper-3) 09/08/20
LEVEL 3
TEST DATE
TEST SYLLABUS (For test & test discussion TEST TIME
videos)
FLT (Essay) – 1 Essay 16/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 1 GS – 1 (Full Syllabus) 23/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 2 GS – 2 (Full Syllabus) 23/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 3 GS – 3 (Full Syllabus) 29/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 4 GS – 4 (Full Syllabus) 29/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 5 GS – 1(Full Syllabus) 30/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 6 GS – 2(Full Syllabus) 30/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 7 GS – 3(Full Syllabus) 05/09/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 8 GS – 4(Full Syllabus) 05/09/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT (Essay) – 2 Essay 06/09/20 9 am – 12 pm

MT (GS) - 9 - SA - Ethics - Case Studies

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MAINS TEST

Ethics – Case Studies

TEST NO.: MT(GS)-9

 Give examples/ data wherever required to authenticate your arguments.

1. You are a Superintendent of Police and have been recently posted in 20

 Introduction: Significant roles of lawyers and police in a democratic setup.

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 1 P.T.O.

 Unjust demand of police for formation of union/association.

RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE ISSUES

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 2 P.T.O.

2. A woman is working as a senior manager with an organization. She 20

 Introduction: Relevance of Gender Equality.

Gender equality is prerequisite for socio-economic development and

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 3 P.T.O.

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 4 P.T.O.

 Lodge an FIR against the organization

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 5 P.T.O.

3. The Nirbhaya Fund was created to be utilized for projects specifically 20

 Introduction: Data about the fund/About Nirbhaya Fund (the mandate)

Nirbhaya Fund (non-lapsable) was setup in 2013, aimed at enhancing

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 6 P.T.O.

o Diffused centre-state relation creating obstacles in clearing the

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 7 P.T.O.

4. Recently, a student protest has broken out in a central university 20

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 8 P.T.O.

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 9 P.T.O.

Factors to consider for the review

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 10 P.T.O.

5. The inculcation of values facilitating the subordination of self to a 20

 Introduction: Definition of values

Values imply preferences – An individual prefers those things which

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 11 P.T.O.

 Leadership, cooperation and participation of all levels of personnel

2. In any governance system the quality of its public servants is critical

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 12 P.T.O.

 Introduction: Definition of corporate governance and give its

Corporate Governance aims to align interests of a company with all its

The principal characteristics of Corporate Governance are:

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 13 P.T.O.

1. Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in

2. Strengthening the ethical competence of board members of a

3. Developing administrative processes and practices which

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 14 P.T.O.

 Strengthening regulators like SEBI etc. to handle the corporate

When companies invest in integrity, they insulate themselves from the

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 15 P.T.O.

ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION

2. WOMEN AT WORK PLACE

 Conducting regular assessments of jobs of equal value to ensure pay equity.

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 17 P.T.O.

ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION

3. NIRBHAYA FUND UTILIZATION

Schemes of Ministry of Women and Child Development under Nirbhaya Fund

Schemes of other Ministries/Departments under Nirbhaya Fund

 Ministry of Home Affairs:

o Emergency Response support System

o Central Victim Compensation Fund

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-9/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 18 P.T.O.

ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION

o Integrated Emergency Response Management System

 Abhaya Project Proposal (Andhra Pradesh):

 CHIRALI: Friends Forever (Rajasthan):