MAINS TEST

SERIES 2020

Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude - 2

TEST NO.: MT(GS)-8

SAMPLE ANSWERS
►QUESTION TAGSFOR L1 TESTS
 DEFINE - Give the precise meaning of
 ENUMERATE/ MENTION/ HIGHLIGHT - List out ALL the relevant points briefly (don’t get into
details). Note: Width is more important than depth.
 DESCRIBE/ EXPLAIN / ELUCIDATE/ SUBSTANTIATE / ELABORATE/ ILLUSTRATE / CLARIFY - Bring
clarity by giving relevant details (reasons, illustration, data, facts, examples, etc.)
 ACCOUNT FOR / GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF - Provide a detailed narrative about the subject in
question
 DISTINGUISH / DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN - Bring out the differences between the subjects in
question (or relationship if any between them)
 COMMENT– Provide view-point or opinion on the subject in question. Conclusion is necessary.
 ANALYZE/ DISCUSS – Explore the various dimensions of the subject in detail. State clearly the pros
and cons or argue for and against. Authenticate by giving examples or support your argument (or
stand point) by giving evidence or reasons. Conclusion is necessary.

Please note:

 Give examples/ data wherever required to authenticate your arguments.

 In Geography, draw diagrams wherever possible.
 Understand the subject and demand of the question and get straight to the point.
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ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE-2

Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

1. How is the “code of ethics” different from the “code of conduct” in 10

public services? In your opinion, which one is more relevant for good
governance in India?(150 Words)

 Introduction:Define Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics

 Body: Relationship between both with suitable examples(current affairs)
 Conclusion:Present relevance in India (2nd ARC)

Code of conduct aims to guide that behaviour where objective

assessment is possible for right or wrong, while Code of Ethics guides the
conscience where discretion operates and actual analysis is not possible
to establish its propriety.

Code of Conduct lists specific do’s and dont’s which becomes the basis for
discipline such that penalties are imposed in case of non-compliance.
Whereas Code of Ethics operates as a lighthouse or a compass in the
ocean of discretion where dilemma may make the person lose the right
direction.

Both are equally relevant as -

 Code of ethics helps in better understanding of Code of conduct in its

letter and spirit. Upholding which Aruna Sundararajan did
extraordinary work to make ‘Kudumbashree project’ a success in
Kerala.
 Code of ethics motivates civil servants to take initiative towards good
governance. E.g. Compassionate Kozhikode campaign’ by Prashant
Nair.
 All India Conduct Rules,1968 and Central Services Conduct Rules,1964
also highlight the relevance of both as some of the values of Code of
Ethics have been incorporated in Code of Conduct and is also justified.

Recognizing this 2nd ARC has recommended introduction of code of ethics

alongside code of conduct.

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-8/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 1 P.T.O.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
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2. “Just as for the fish moving inside the water, it cannot be known as to 10
when they are drinking water, similarly, for the officers appointed
for carrying out works, it cannot be known as to when they are
appropriating money”. Examine the statement in context of the
challenges of corruption in India. (150 Words)

 Introduction: Explain the given statement in brief

 Body:
o Challenges of corruption in India
o Institutional framework to curb corruption
 Conclusion:Suggestions or reforms in brief (2nd ARC)

Administrative corruption is one of the biggest challenges for any society.

Officials misusing authority for misappropriation of wealth for self-
gratification/interest are likely to deviate if the arrangement of audit,
scrutiny or probity is not very strong.

In Arthashastra, Kautilya has shown a serious concern to the possibility of

misappropriation as probity cannot be established just by legality, audit
or examination.

Challenges of Corruption in India:

 Degradation of political and bureaucratic culture

 Compromise on the national security issues

 Lopsided development due to compromise on the quality of projects

and equipment’s

 Inadequate infrastructure of socio-economic reconstruction

 Unrest among the people specially the sections affected by extreme

poverty

 Lack of confidence in the institutional framework and laws

 Nepotism, favourtism and sinecurism

To address the above robust machineries and institution exists:

 CVC, CBI, Enforcement Directorate, Lokpal, Lokayukta etc

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
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 Laws like Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Prevention of money

laundering Act, 2002 and certain provisions of conduct rules.

Further, 2nd ARC has recommended introduction of Public Service

Enactment Bill to reduce corruption among the government officials and
to increase transparency and public accountability.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

3. The environmental values and the economic values often seem to be 10

contradictory to each other. However, in the long term, only the
integration of both the values can bring the well-being for the
mankind. Elucidate. (150 words)

 Introduction: Explain the given statement with suitable example

 Body: Debate between environment and economic value
 Conclusion: How to integrate both values

Economic expansion of human being has been seen as a challenge to the

ecology and environment right from the ancient age.
 This conflict was not posing serious threat in the earlier times as
nature was able to reconstruct itself. However, in the modern times
and especially after Industrial Revolution, the need of rapid economic
development has come directly in conflict to protecting environment.
 Recent steps like relaxation of ‘Restricted Area Permit’ in Andaman
Islands and Coastal Regulation Zone 2018, to promote tourism, are
potential threat to the environment.

Thus, focusing only on economic development will put future generation

at greater risk.

But at the same time, assuring good quality life for all citizens may not be
possible by giving priority to environmental protection over economic
development (India ranks 130/189 in HDI).

So, we need an integrated approach to human development by

adopting means such as-
 Development of renewable energy which promotes both environment
and economy.
 Development of environmental rule of law.
 Shifting from GDP to Gross Happiness Index to measure prosperity.
 Achieving goals of Paris agreement 2015 and SDG.

Hence, the answer to human prosperity does not lie in confrontation but,
indeed, in the integration of both the values.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

4. Discuss some of the common ethical concerns and dilemmas in 10

public administration. (150 words)

 Introduction: Define ethical dilemmas and concerns

 Body: Enumerate some common ethical concerns and dilemmas in context
of public administration
 Conclusion: Suggestion

Ethical dilemma refers to making choice between competing ethical

principles. Observing one ethical principle could lead to compromise on
other. Hence making a choice becomes difficult.
Public administration happens to be the frameworks using which public
policy goals are realized. It involves large size of personnel arranged in
various roles and at various levels.
These roles entail carrying out of various responsibilities by public
servants while undertaking which following ethical concerns and
dilemmas are likely to occur:
 Maintaining distinction between personal and organizational
resources.
 Issues related to possible alienation of employees when discretion is
limited by rulers.
 Maintaining distinction between personal objective and organizational
objective.
 Challenge related to tendency of power accumulation by trying to
scale high in hierarchy for more and more authority and control.
 Issues related to empire building tendency along the functional lines
 Issues related to unhealthy competition that bring down the aspect of
synergy
 Superiors directive versus public good
 Secrecy versus transparency
 Preferential treatment versus non-discrimination
 Rule-bound versus flexibility
Since laws and rules are not sufficient, so public service training should be
institutionalised to resolve ethical dilemmas.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
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5. What are the new public service values that have become 10
indispensable, where public services have moved from rule-laden to
result-oriented? (150 words)

 Introduction: Change in paradigm of governance

 Body: Shift in administrative values
 Conclusion: Present relevance

Public Service under the idea of Good Governance has moved from
Weberian model of rule laden approach to result centric approach.

This shift can be attributed to -

 Changing perception of governance from police state to welfare state.

 Change in role of administration from regulator to that of facilitator.

 Advent of new technologies such as IT and their successive inclusion in

governance.

Thus, the Weberian values of secrecy, over centralization, hierarchy and

compliance to rules and procedures has given way to Good governance
values such as openness, decentralization, flexibility and result
orientation.

That has led to a shift in administrative approach from:-

 Bureaucratic behavior to democratic behavior

 Red tapism to problem solving approach

 Subordination to empowerment and co-operation

 Concept of ‘power over’ to ‘power with’

Thus, adoption of these new public service values has become imperative
for success of administration in the 21st century India.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

6. What are the challenges of governance with regard to the 10

implementation of various programmes, like “Beti Bachao Beti
Padao”, aimed at the vulnerable section of the society? Do you think
that the ethical values need to be revisited? (150 words)

 Introduction: Write in brief about welfare programmes for vulnerable

sections
 Body:
o Challenges in to implementation
o Need to revisit ethical values
 Conclusion: Summarize

Various welfare programs aimed at welfare of vulnerable sections have

been launched e.g.: PMAGY, ICDS etc. But situation at the ground level
hasn’t improved much due to the following governance related
challenges:

Organizational Level

 Lack of empathy and sensitivity amongst government servants.

 Falling commitment towards public service values.

 Low involvement with NGO’s and Civil society.

 Inadequate infrastructure and human resource

 Political intervention and corruption.

 Poor field level monitoring and beneficiary verification.

Citizen Level

 Patriarchal mindset and gender bias.

 Lack of awareness among vulnerable sections of their right.

 Ascriptive values prevent social mobility.

 Economic factor - treats girl child as a burden

Yes, ethical values need a revisit at:

Organizational Level

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 Restatement of public service values and policy mission for civil

servants.

 Sensitivity training at cutting edge level.

 Social audit in performance appraisal.

Citizen Level

 Pro-active engagement with administration.

 Training to civil society organisations and PRI’s to bridge this gap.

 Information Education Communication campaign to bring about

behavior change and generate awareness among general public.

Adopting these means we shall slowly but surely move in the direction of
good governance.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

7. What do you understand by “lateral entry”? Identify the merits and 10

challenges associated with it. (150 words)

 Introduction: Define lateral entry

 Body:
o Merits
o Challenges
 Conclusion: Suggestions

Lateral entry aims to attract technically proficient and public spirited

individuals with domain expertise to contribute to the task of nation
building.
Merits:
 Infuses competitive spirit & meritocracy
 Break complacency in the system.
 Bring in efficiency and vigour of the private sector.
 Bring in specialization at the top due to high tech age.
Challenges to Lateral entry
 Affects the morale of the existing officers.
 Could lead to compromise of public service values such as non-
partisanship and neutrality.
 Breeds corruption and nepotism.
 Value conflict between profit orientation of private sector and public
service values( in-case entrant is from Private sector)
 Politicization and privatization of higher civil services.
Thus lateral entry while aims at enabling induction of fresh perspective
and technical capacities at higher levels, should not lead to compromise
of basic public service values like integrity and honesty.
Hence, there is a need to institutionalize the framework for lateral
recruitment to bring about objectivity and remove discretion.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

8. “No responsibility of the government is more fundamental than the 10

responsibility of maintaining the higher standards of ethical
behaviour.” Comment. (150 words)

 Introduction: Explain the above statement

 Body: Why probity in governance is important
 Conclusion: Reforms and suggestions in brief

The above statement by John F Kennedy aims to highlight the significance

of probity in governance. Its significance was also emphasized in ancient
times by Kaultilya in his book ‘Arthashastra’.

Today with emergence of welfare state and growth of economies, the

functions and structure of government has been enlarged and became
complex. Thus significance of maintaining ethical framework & probity in
governance has further increased to ensure good governance.

As lack of it leads to (significance of probity in governance):

 Corruption at higher levels e.g. : 2G Scam

 Formulation of inefficient laws

 Complex procedure

 Weakening of institutions e.g.: CBI (caged parrot), NHRC (toothless

tiger)

 Dilution of public service values due to lack of transparency,

openness etc.

All of which together affects the larger public interest especially the
vulnerable section.

Solution to these ills lies in strengthening of ethical framework in public

service.

In this regard 2nd ARC has recommended inclusion of a Code of Ethics

alongside the Code of Conduct Rules.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

9. What you understand by “work culture”? Suggest the measures that 10

can be taken by the government to ensure that the public servants
have healthy work culture at work-place. (150 words)

 Introduction: Define work culture

 Body: Briefly mention features of work culture and methods to strengthen
it.
 Conclusion: Summarize

Work Culture refers to set of collective beliefs, values, rules and behaviour
which institution as a whole conforms to. In Public administration, the
hallmark of administrative work culture is commitment to the fulfilment
of one’s official responsibilities with a spirit of dedication, efficiency,
productivity and punctuality.
Characteristics of administrative work culture:
 Values like integrity and compassion are the core to public
administration.
 Stakeholder balance as imbalance leads to distortion and ethical
lapses.
 Deontological ethics as both means and ends must be ethical.
 Process integrity as misaligned processes could result in ethical
breaches.
Measures to strengthen work culture:
 Leaders must lead by example to create an ethical culture that
permeates through the institution.
 Culture that promotes tolerance towards constructive dissent.
 Shift from process orientation to result orientation.
 Promote two way communications between seniors and subordinates.
 Performers should be incentivized, while underperformers should be
encouraged to do well.
 Build appropriate level of oversight and accountability framework.
 Conduct continuous training to upgrade skills.
These measures shall go a long way in ensuring a healthy public service
work culture.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

10. Transparency in the government institutions is a pre-requisite for 10

good governance. Discuss. (150 words)

 Introduction: Define transparency

 Body: Merits/why transparency is required for good governance.
 Conclusion: Measures to increase transparency in government
institutions.

Transparency refers to value of openness. It becomes significant in any

public policy arrangement as secrecy allows space for misappropriation.

Karl Marx in his criticism of State and its bureaucracy criticizes deliberate
mysteriousness that allowed the state authorities to convert general
interest as specific interest & specific interest as general interest.

In beginning of 19thCentury Sweden became the first country to confer

RTI on its citizens. In India the same was done in 2005 with enactment of
RTI Act.

Transparency as a pre- requisite for good governance:

 It empowers citizens by informing them about their rights and

responsibilities. E.g. Citizen Charter.

 Transparency reduces asymmetry of information and ensures

accountability of government

 Openness enhances people’s participation though tools such as social

audit

 It makes the decision makers more conscious of their choices, thereby

bringing more objectivity and fairness in their decisions. E.g. Mother’s
committee has led to better implementation of Mid-Day Meal program.

According to 2nd ARC informed citizenry ensures good governance and

participatory democracy. In this regard, Jan Soochna Portal for proactive
disclosure launched by Rajasthan government can be emulated across
the country.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

11. Do you think that the new institution of Lokpal, established recently, 10
will be able to curb administrative corruption? What are the other
measures that can be undertaken to fight corruption in India? (150
Words)

 Introduction: Define Lokpal

 Body:
o Provisions that make Lokpal an effective institution
o Other measures to fight corruption
 Conclusion: Suggestion to fight the corruption from ethical perspective

Lokpal is an anti-corruption ombudsman constituted to give voice to the

grievances of the citizens against the corruption in public setup.
Following provisions have made Lokpal very effective as:
 Prior sanction is not required for either investigation or prosecution.
 Investigation and prosecution wings of the CBI shall report to the
Lokpal for corruption cases.
 Inclusion of Prime Minister under Lokpal is a good deterrent.
Although this legal framework is a great improvement over the existing
institutions such as CVC and CBI in fighting corruption.
But its implementation shall remain ineffective, till the time ethical values
do not become deeply engrained in the national conscience.
In this regard the following measures can be taken:
 Institutionalizing transparency and disclosure of information on
voluntary basis.
 Promoting exemplary behaviour by the superiors.
 Bringing the premises of decision making in the public
 Increasing citizens participation through NGO's, civil society etc.
 More decentralization of power through PRI's and urban local bodies.
Finally there is a need for the society as a whole to view corruption as the
greatest sin against humanity, for it only then legislative measures will
bear any fruits.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
No. write relevant and succinct answers in exam condition.

12. What do you understand by “corporate governance”? How does it 10

become all more important in the present era of LPG (liberalization,
privatization and globalization)? (150 Words)

 Introduction: Define corporate governance

 Body: Significance of corporate governance in era of LPG
 Conclusion: Present relevance

Corporate governance refers to combination of rules, processes or laws

by which businesses are operated, regulated or controlled. It aims at
balancing interest of various stakeholders such as shareholders,
customers, suppliers, government regulators and management.

In era of LPG, corporate governance has become increasingly significant

as numerous private and foreign companies have entered the economic
sphere.

Because of which following issues are seen to be rising -

 Scams E.g. Harshad Mehta, Satayam scam.

 Insider trading E.g. Rajat Gupta case.

 Monopolistic tendencies E.g. Monsanto seed company.

 Conflict of Interest E.g. ICICI Chandra Kocher case.

In this regards government –

 Has enacted Companies Law 2013

 Granted statutory status to SEBI in 1992

 Made CSR mandatory for companies

 Established committees like Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee.

Hence, good corporate governance is not only critical for enhancement in

business activities, but is also important for over well-being of society as a
whole.

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Question The Sample Answers have been constructed to train students about how to
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13. Discuss the core principles of a Citizen’s Charter. Why has Citizen’s 10
Charter not been a success in India so far? (150 Words)

 Introduction: Define citizen charter

 Body:
o Core principles
o Reasons for citizen charter not being as successful in India
 Conclusion: Present relevance

Citizen charter refers to a written commitment of the government to the

citizens about the quality and time bound delivery of goods and services.

Core principles of citizen charter are as follows:

 Awareness: About citizen’s entitlements; time, period and quality of

service delivery

 Simple to understand

 Moral backing

 Accountability: Individual and of organization

 Transparency: Rules/ Procedures/ Schemes/Grievances

 Empowerment: Citizens especially weaker sections

Reason for failure of citizen’s charter:

Organizational

 Absence of periodic evaluation.

 Lack of training given to frontline functionaries.

 Disconnect between those who create and those who implement the
charter.

 Absence of wide consultation among stakeholders.

 One size fits all approach i.e. same charter format is used by unrelated
departments.

Citizen

 Low level of digital illiteracy.

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 Attitudinal issue i.e. resistance to change.

 Lack of awareness among citizens of their rights.

 Language barrier as local language is not taken into account.

Hence, 2nd ARC has recommended the adoption of Sevottam framework

for improving the quality of service delivery by government institution.

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ADDITIONAL
CONTENT
FOR
CONCEPTUAL
CLARITY
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ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION

1. Code of ethics and code of conduct

In India, the current set of ethical norms are the Conduct Rules, contained in the Central Services (Conduct) Rules,
1964 and analogous rules applicable to members of the All India Services (All India Services Conduct rules 1968 for
IAS, IPS and IFS) or employees of various State Governments. The code of behaviour as enunciated in the Conduct
Rules, while containing some general norms like ‘maintaining integrity and absolute devotion to duty’ and not
indulging in ‘conduct unbecoming of a government servant’ is generally directed towards cataloguing specific activities
deemed undesirable for government servants. These conduct rules do not constitute a code of ethics.

These rules are more in the nature of “do’s” and “don’t”. The Conduct Rules cover matters such as property
transactions, acceptance of gifts, joining of non-political organization and host of other issues covering almost every
activity which a normal individual undertakes.

The rules are highly restrictive, seriously curtailing freedom of operation of a government employee, couched in vague
language and sometimes impractical to follow. If a government servant wishes to carry serious academic activity and
publish articles and books, he has to take permission, which does not come by easily. The conduct rules are followed
more in breach than in practice and gives a handle to government to harass honest and dedicated officers, while the
dishonest and corrupt get away due to complicated procedure involved in taking disciplinary action. The rules are
totally inadequate to deal with cases of malfeasance or misconduct of public servants as they give numerous escape
routes for the unscrupulous.

The Committee on Prevention of Corruption (‘Santhanam Committee’-1964) had remarked:

“For a country like India, development of her material resources and raising the standards of life of all classes are,
indeed imperative. At the same time, the deterioration in the standards of public life has to be arrested. Ways and
means have to be found to ensure that idealism and patriotism have the proper place in the ambition of our youth.
The lack of moral earnestness, which has been a conspicuous feature of recent years, is perhaps the greatest single
factor which hampers the growth of strong traditions of integrity and efficiency.”

First Initiative for Code of Ethics- May 1997

The Department of Administrative Reforms of Government of India had prepared a Code of Ethics for public services,
as part of an Action Plan for an Effective and Responsive Government which was presented in a conference of Chief
Ministers presided by the Prime Minister held in May 1997. The objective of the Code was to prescribe standards of
integrity and conduct that are to apply to public services. The salient features of the code are as follows:

1. The public services should assist the government in formulating and implementing policies and administering
public services in the most effective way.

2. Employees in public services should uphold the rule of law and respect for human rights, and act solely in public
interest. They must maintain the highest standards of probity and integrity.

3. They should conduct themselves in such manner that the public feels that the decisions taken or
recommendations made by them are objective and transparent and are not calculated to promote improper gains
for the political party in power, for themselves, or for any third party.

4. They should not seek to frustrate or undermine the policies, decisions and action taken in public interest by
Government by declining or abstaining from action.

5. Where an employee in public service has reasonable grounds to believe that he or she is being required by
superior authority to act in a manner which is illegal or against prescribed rules and regulations, he should decline
to implement the instructions. He will have right to bring the fact to the notice of superior authority.

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ADDITIONAL CONTENT FOR CONCEPTUAL CLARITY AND RELATED INFORMATION

6. Conflict of Interest: Employees in public service should refrain from decisions; i) which are calculated to benefit
any particular person or party at the expense of the public interest; ii) shall disclose any clash of interest when
there is conflict between public interest and private interest.

7. They should maintain their independence and dignity and impartiality by not approaching politicians and
outsiders in respect of service matters or private benefits, and exercise peer pressure to dissuade those within
their own cadre who do so and to set in motion disciplinary proceedings against such persons.

8. Accountability to Citizens:

(i) Employees in public services should be accessible to the people and practice accountability to them in terms
of quality of service, timeliness, courtesy, people orientation, and readiness to encourage participation and
form partnership with citizen groups for responsive government.

(ii) They should be consistent, equitable and honest in their treatment of the members of the public.

(iii) They should accept obligation to recognize and enforce citizen’s right for speedy redressal of their grievance.

9. They should have concern for public assets and funds, avoid wastage and extravagance and ensure effective and
efficient use of public money within their control.

10. Non- abuse of official position: Employees in public services have a responsibility to take decisions on merits, as
they are in a position of trust, they must not use their official position to influence any person to enter into
financial or other arrangements with them or anyone else.

The code also deals with issues such as: public comment, release of official information, integrative role of public
services and continuous improvement through professionalism and team work. The principles laid down in the code
were laudable. Unfortunately they were not issued as a Code of Ethics for public servants.

Second Initiative for Public Service Values - Public Service Bill 2006

In 2006 the department Of Personnel drafted a Public Service Bill, which enumerated fundamental values of Public
Services, a Code of Ethics, a Management Code etc. with the object of developing public services as a professional,
politically neutral, merit based and accountable civil service. The main values by which the Public Servants shall be
guided are as follows:

 allegiance to the Constitution and the law, democracy, nationalism, sovereignty, integrity of India and the security
of the nation;

 function in apolitical manner;

 Act objectively, impartially, honestly, equitably, and in a fair and just manner;

 Act with integrity and in a courteous and just manner;

 Establish high standards, and ensure quality service, effective working and prompt decision making;

 Be accountable for the decisions;

 Establish merit as the fundamental principle in employment, promotion and placements;

 Discharge functions with due regard to diversity of the nation/community and religion but without discrimination
of caste, community, religion, gender or class and duly protecting the interest of poor, underprivileged and
weaker sections;

 Provide honest, impartial and frank advice to political executive;

 Ensure that public money is used with utmost economy and care;

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The Public Service Bill has not made any headway and seems to have gone in cold storage. One problem with the draft
bill was that it intended to fulfil too many objectives. Apart from values and ethics, the Bill envisaged lying down
principles of management of public services, principles which should govern appointment to public services,
performance indicators for public services etc. With such wide ranging and diverse coverage of matters relating to
service matters, it is difficult to reach consensus and secure legislative approval.

2nd ARC Recommendations

As per 2nd ARC, a comprehensive Civil Service Code can be conceptualized at three levels. At the apex level, there
should be a clear and concise statement of the values and ethical standards that a civil servant should imbibe. These
values should reflect public expectations from a civil servant with reference to political impartiality, maintenance of
highest ethical standards and accountability for actions. At the second level, the broad principles which should govern
the behaviour of a civil servant may be outlined. This would constitute the Code of Ethics. At the third level, there
should be a specific Code of Conduct stipulating in a precise and unambiguous manner, a list of acceptable and
unacceptable behaviour and actions. The Commission feels that the values and the Codeof Ethics should be given a
statutory backing by including them in the proposed Civil Services Bill.

The Commission is of the view that in addition to commitment to the Constitution these values should include:

1. Adherence to the highest standards of probity, integrity and conduct

2. Impartiality and non-partisanship

3. Objectivity

4. Commitment to the citizens’ concerns and public good

5. Empathy for the vulnerable and weaker sections of society.

2. Challenges of corruption in India.

 Corruption is not a recent phenomenon. It has been with us for several centuries, as evident from the Kautilya’s
aforementioned statement on Mauryan administration.

 Transparency International defines it as “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain.”

The statement is relevant because corruption unfolds itself in different ways, which are hard to detect. They are:

 Embezzlement: It is theft of resources by people who are put to administer it.

 Favouritism and Nepotism in awarding contract or resources.

 Fraud: involves a manipulation or distortion of finances, information, facts and expertise, by public officials
positioned between politicians and inhabitants.

 Bribery: This form of corruption is the payment (in money or kind) that is given or taken.

The challenges to the corruption are mixed, institutional, legal and moral.

Institutional Challenges:

 Delivery of the goods and services:

 Lack of transparency between key stakeholders: government, citizens, business, civil society groups, media, academia
etc.

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 Underperforming Oversight institutions such as audit institutions (AIs), government watchdogs, and
anticorruption agencies

 Outdated judiciary and police system

Legal Challenges:

 Red Tapeism

 bipartisan Politics and law

 Investigating agencies constituted for implementing anticorruption policies

 Loopholes in Legal provisions to control corruption

Moral Challenges:

 Conflict of Interest between public and private interest.

 Nepotism in which an officer prefers his proper kinfolk and family members (wife, brothers and sisters, children,
nephews, cousins, in-laws).

 Petty and Collusive corruption by citizens to bypass laws

Corruption is not only about bribes: People especially the poor get hurt when resources are wasted. That’s why it is so
important to understand the different kinds of corruption to develop smart responses. It not only includes the
economic offences but also other kind of offences such as food adulteration, misappropriation, evasion of taxes,
money laundering etc.

Meaning of key terms related with corruption:

 Favouritism: Favouritism is closely related to corruption so far as it implies a corrupted distribution of resources.

 Nepotism: Nepotism is typical favouritism, in which an officer prefers his proper kinfolk and family members (wife,
brothers and sisters, children, nephews, cousins, in-laws apparatus.

 Conflict of Interest: It is small but significant part of wider problem of ethics and corruption.

How to overcome Challenges:

 Deliver the goods: Invest in institutions and policy – sustainable improvement in how a government delivers
services is only possible if the people in these institutions endorse sensible rules and practices that allow for
change while making the best use of tested traditions and legacies – imported models often do not work.

 Use the power of technology to build dynamic and continuous exchanges between key stakeholders:
government, citizens, business, civil society groups, media, academia etc.

 Oversight institutions such as audit institutions (AIs), government watchdogs, and anticorruption
agencies help in not only curbing corruption but also in reducing waste and improving the accountability of
governments. These institutions are key to ensuring horizontal accountability mutual checks and balances
among state agencies.

 Strengthen the judiciary and police.

 Cut the red tape: Bring together formal and informal processes (this means working with the government as
well as non-governmental groups) to change behaviour and monitor progress.

 Sanctions matter: Punishing corruption is a vital component of any effective anti-corruption effort.

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 Investigating agencies constituted for implementing anticorruption policies are Supreme Court and High
Courts (SC & HC), Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) ,Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) ,Comptroller and
Auditor General (CAG) .Chief Information Commission (CIC) ,Public Accounts Committee (PAC),Enforcement
Directorate (ED) ,Anti-corruption Bureau (ACB),Transparency International (TI), Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)

 Legal provisions and/or Laws to control corruption are The Indian Penal Code, 1860;The Criminal Procedure
Code, 1973; The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947;The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 etc.

 The moral transformation of civil society must be natural and based on persuasive leadership: We must
remember that we cannot create a draconian state in order to end corruption

 Build capacity for those who need it most: Countries that suffer from chronic fragility, conflict and violence– are
often the ones that have the fewest internal resources to combat corruption. Identify ways to leverage
international resources to support and sustain good governance.

3. Environmental values and the economic values.

 Environment values include conservation, cleanliness and protection of bio-resources. Economic values refer to
efficiency, profitability, cost-effectiveness etc. Generally they are perceived as opposite to each other as economic
activity increases use of environment and hence makes environment vulnerable –

 Recent steps like relaxation of ‘Restricted Area Permit’ in Andaman Islands and Coastal Regulation Zone 2018, to
promoting tourism, are potential threat to environment.

 Focusing only on economic development, will put future generation at greater risk. Devastating Uttarakhand flood
2013 is a case in point.

 Exploding human consumption is the driving force for anthropogenic extinction (The living planet report, WWF).

 As per UNEP, forest can act as potential source of employment and livelihood.

Need for development

 12th five year plan calls for faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth.

 India’s per capita GDP - $1965 (world average ~ $10,000)

 HDI – 0.64 (130/189)

 Per capita energy consumption ~ 1/5th of global average.

 ~300 million people do not have electricity

 55% households live in mud or semi-concrete household (2011 census)

 Employment need increasing the industrial base

 Doubling the farmer’s income require high energy consumption.

Need for Environment Protection

 IPCC report has said that this is the last chance for fight against climate change.

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 Resource extraction is responsible ~ 50% of greenhouse gas emissions and over 90 per cent of biodiversity loss
and water stress as per global resources outlook 2019 (UNEP).

 Exploding human consumption is the driving force for Anthropocene extinction (The living planet report, WWF)

 Sustainable future is one three biggest challenges as per World Economic Forum.

 Mean temperature in Indian has risen by 0.66o C.

 Disaster – Kerala floods etc.

 Climate change aggravates poverty, health issues, inequality etc.

Sustainable pathway for development

 Energy efficiency

o Alternative to aviation turbine fuel

o Efficient power loom equipments

o LED lights

 Power sector decarbonisation through renewable energy

 Electrification of end uses – e.g.: electric cook stoves; electric vehicle

 Behavioural change

Measures to be taken

 Ingraining sustainable development concept in governance

o Impact assessment of any project

o EIA

 Change of mind set – from GDP to Gross Happiness Index.

 Decentralised planning

 People trust doctrine

 Accountability

 Institutional strengthening for rule of law

However, assuring good quality life for all citizens may not be possible by giving priority to environmental protection
over economic development.

4. Ethical concerns and dilemmas in public administration.

Public administration framework using with public policy arrangement is seen realized. Public administration
machinery will be seen involving a large size cadre of personnel arranged in various functional lines and at various
levels from top to bottom.

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Modern day Public Administration characterized by principle like anonymity, political neutrality, consistency wherein
official comes in as professional to work on assigned position where personnel appropriation in favour of anyone is
not possible.

In such arrangement following ethical dilemma are likely to occur:

 Maintaining distinction between personal and organizational resources.

 Issues related to possible alienation of employees when discretion is limited by rulers.

 Maintaining distinction between personal objective and organizational objective/

 Challenge related to tendency of power accumulation by trying to scale high in hierarchy for more and more
authority and control.

 Issues related to empire building tendency along the functional lines

 Issues related to unhealthy competition that bring down the aspect of synergy

 Issues related to sexual harassment at work place as people in authority

 Issues related to being fair in arrangement of diversity where stereotyping and prejudice are present

5. New public service values

STATUS OF PUBLIC SERVICE VALUES

Status of public service values refers to the relevance of the public service values in the current scenario:
 Traditional values those are still relevant to the present-day-pubic service.
 Traditional values that have lost relevance to the present day public service.
 New values that are gaining currency in present day public service.
Following factors have necessitated this change in the public service values ecosystem
 Shift from regulator to facilitator
 Shift from regulation to development
 Administration getting technical
 Information Technology
 New Public Management
Traditional Public Service Values
 Procedural correctness
o It implies following the laid down procedure with full diligence
 Hierarchy
o It refers to a chain in which employees in an organization are ranked.
 Secrecy
o It is the control of an organization over flow of Information.
 Centralization and monopoly
o Earlier the public service delivery was mostly monopolistic and centralized.

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6. Challenges of governance with regard to the implementation of welfare programmes for

vulnerable section

Government has been implementing various welfare schemes/programmes across the country. The schemes are:

 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)

 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme

 Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG)

 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

 Working Women Hostels (WWH)

 Ujjawala

As both centre and state governments are running various welfare schemes, these schemes are facing various
challenges in implementation at district level. Some are discussed as follows:

 Financial Resources crunch: Example in MNREGA delay of payment has reduced the demand for work
significantly and no. Of man days are reducing. More than 10,000 crore payments are pending. Comptroller and
Auditor General (CAG) have highlighted the lack of administrative capacity of the village panchayat members to
run MNREGA scheme in a designed and decentralised manner.

 Planning and Coordination: Unclear and overlapping role create confusion and accountability cannot be fixed.
Overlapping objectives of many schemes especially in health services, lead to poor implementation of one or the
other scheme.

 Infrastructure: Non availability of adequate infrastructure is also a big challenge in implementation.

Mid-day meal case study: The biggest problem of Mid-Day Meal that facilities for cooking food, storage of food items
and their serving have not been put into place. Ideal is the situation that the meals should be prepared in the schools
itself so that the children eat hot, healthy and fresh food. For this, kitchens in schools itself is essential. Unfortunately,
in the country of 6,00,000 villages, where children are still compelled to study below trees, in majority of schools, there
are arrangements not made for toilet and drinking water for children attending classes. Under such a scenario,
kitchen and stores seems luxuriant.

 Human Resource and Skills: Though most of the government run scheme faces the challenge of both number
and quality man power while implementing, this is most visible in Sarv Shikhya Abhiyan which was started to
ensure Right to Education Policy for children however reports shows the poor pupil to teacher ratio and quality of
education is such that student of class VII are not able to read the textbook of class III and do basic arithmetic.

 Political Intervention and Corruption: Statistics clearly indicate that the poverty alleviation programmes have
had a minimal effect on poverty levels in India due to corruption. The actual funds that reach the beneficiaries are
very little compared to the funds allocated for welfare schemes.

 Field Level Monitoring and Beneficiary verification: Insufficient monitoring by the central government,
misalignment of incentives which encourage rent seeking activities and finally, a lack of accountability which
distorts the management of funds. These are some of the common trends witnessed in the poor implementation
of many schemes such as ICDS in Bihar, NREGA in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, Mid-day Meal in
Madhya Pradesh, Health Insurance Scheme in Maharashtra, Old Age Pension scheme in Chhattisgarh and Bihar
and the Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh among others.

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 Caste and gender discrimination and Power Structure: In India social structure of caste and patriarchy many a
time hamper the implantation of schemes and desired results from them. Dominating caste group along with
collusion in district administration and political system usurp the benefits of welfare schemes and vulnerable
group are excluded.

 Effectiveness Evaluation and feedback Mechanism: Even Most of the schemes don’t have any effective
evaluation mechanism or feedback mechanism from the target group so scope of improvements gets closed.
Schemes become supply rather than demand driven thus do not satisfy aspirations of target group.

 Grievance redressal mechanism: No administration can claim to be accountable, responsive and user-friendly
unless it has established an efficient and effective grievance redress mechanism. In fact, the grievance redress
mechanism of an organization is the gauge to measure its efficiency and effectiveness as it provides important
feedback on the working of the administration.

Models Proposed for Reforming Governance

 Reinventing Government Model: Reinventing Government concept applying business customer service model to
government. Citizens are seen as customers and the administrative role is streamlined by converting policy
alternatives into market choices. Most entrepreneurial governments promote competition between service
providers. They empower citizens by pushing control out of the bureaucracy, into the community. They measure
the performance of their agencies, focusing not on inputs but on outcomes. They are driven by their goals-their
missions-not by their rules and regulations.

 Re-engineering government Model: Re-engineering or Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is the

fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical
contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. It represents an effort to turn
back the Industrial Revolution and reassemble the tasks and functions taken apart by the 19th century principles
of the division of labor.

7. Lateral entry (merits and challenges)

The lateral entry mode, which pertains to the appointment of specialists from private sector in government
organizations, is an attempt by the government to bring in fresh talent into the bureaucracy.
Advantages of Lateral Entry
 Complexity: Governance is becoming more and more complex requiring specialised skills.
 Personnel shortage: According to Department of Personnel and Training data there is shortage of about 1500
IAS officers. Lateral entry will help bridge this gap.
 Organisation culture: It will help in bringing the values of economy, efficiency and effectiveness in Government
sector.
 Liberalisation Policy and Civil services: The generalist Civil Services was designed for a time when the State was
all-powerful. After liberalisation in 1991, markets are playing critical role in administration. In such environment,
regulatory capacity of govt. is critical which depend upon the up to date knowledge of administrators, which
require fresh intake from private sector.
 Participatory Governance: In the present times governance is becoming more participatory and multi actor
endeavour, thus lateral entry provides stakeholders such as the private sector and non-profits an opportunity to
participate in governance process.

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Issues Involved
 Need for transparent process: The key again to the success of this scheme would lie in selecting the right people
in a manner which is manifestly transparent. Constitutional role of UPSC should not be ignored.
 Difference in Organizational values: The value systems between the government and the private sector are quite
different.
 Profit motive vs. Public service: Private sector approach is profit oriented on the other hand motive of
Government is public service. This is also a fundamental transition that a private sector person has to make while
working in government.
 Internal Resistance: Lateral entry is likely to face strong resistance from in service Civil Servants and their
associations. There are already reports
 Constitutional mandate for affirmative action: On the constitutional mandate for affirmative action as a result of
the creation of a new recruitment channel at a senior level.
 Issue of conflict of interest: The movement from private sector raises issues of potential conflict of interest.
 Narrow scope: Lateral entry at only at top level policy making positions may have little impact on field level
implementation, given the multiple links in the chain of command from the Union Government to a rural village.

8. Probity in governance (No responsibility of the government is more fundamental than the
responsibility of maintaining the higher standards of ethical behaviour).

Definition

Probity means “the quality or condition of having strong moral principles, integrity, good character, honesty, decency”.
It is the act of adhering to the highest principles and ideals rather than avoiding corrupt or dishonest conduct. It
balances service to the community against the self-interest of individuals.

What is probity?

Probity has been described as a risk management approach ensuring procedural integrity. It is concerned with
procedures, processes and systems rather than outcomes. The best probity processes do not however guarantee a
Board will be immune from problems or criticism. It requires that Boards act ethically, impartially, honestly and with
fairness.

Why is it important?

Organisations receiving public funding are accountable and subject to audit and scrutiny. Standards of acceptable
conduct cannot be compromised. Organisations need to be able to assure funding bodies and the broader
community that they can be trusted. Good governance includes the avoidance of conflicts of interest and corrupt
practices, and acting in ways that minimise the potential for litigation.

Probity Principles

There is no standard list of probity principles however they generally include:

Accountability – Organisations and Boards have an obligation to explain or account for the way duties are performed
and resources expended. Accountability involves aligning decision-making processes with the appropriate delegated
authority and being responsible for past and expected performance. It involves maintaining good records that leave
an audit trail.

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Transparency – This is the willingness to open an organisation and its processes to scrutiny and possible criticism,
enabling all stakeholders to have confidence in the outcome. It may involve providing reasons for decisions along with
relevant information to stakeholders. Transparent processes minimise the opportunity for, and risk of, fraud and
corruption.

Management Support Impartiality – Individuals and organisations interacting with an organisation (e.g. recruitment)
are entitled to expect impartial treatment at every stage of the process. If they do not believe the process is honest,
fair and impartial, or that a form of bias is acting against them, it could damage the reputation of the organisation.
Confidentiality – Transparency and accountability needs to be balanced against privacy and confidentiality
considerations. Confidential material must be stored in a manner that protects the rights, interests and reputation of
all involved.

Conflict of interest – This is where the public duty and private interests of a Board or staff member may be in
conflict, resulting in their personal interest improperly influencing their official duties and responsibilities.
Stakeholders have the right to expect that Board and staff members will only make decisions in the best interest of
the organisation. Perceived and potential conflicts can be as damaging as actual conflicts. Conflicts of interest must be
disclosed so procedures can be implemented to manage them effectively and mitigate the impacts.

9. Work culture and measures to ensure that the public servants have healthy work culture
at work-place.

Explanations of Means to Strengthen healthy work culture

 Leaders modelling the Institutional Values: Agency heads have the power to influence the behaviour of their
agency’s culture. Employees look at what leaders do – rather than what they say – to determine the agency’s real
priorities, agendas and acceptable ways of working. For this reason, the services will have to continue to focus on
developing executives’ capabilities, offering professional development and assessing the performance of leaders
to ensure they can positively influence the culture of their agency.

 Performance development: Strengthening performance development will ensure officers and subordinates
more clearly understand their roles and responsibilities and develop capabilities to address unacceptable
behaviour through difficult conversations and performance assessment. This will help reduce the acceptance of
inappropriate behaviours in the workplace.

 Respect and inclusiveness: The research suggests that a continued focus on implementing the sector’s values –
specifically trust – is likely to improve workplace culture. The guiding principles that underpin the core value of
trust include the basic behavioural standard that all employees must build relationships based on mutual respect.

 Foster social connections. Workplace relationships are an essential element to a positive company culture.
When employees barely know their colleagues and rarely interact, there’s no possible way for a strong culture to
grow. Leaders need to provide employees with opportunities for social interactions in the workplace. Consider
weekly team meals, happy hour excursions or even a book club to get things started.

 Role of Leader:

o Recognising their role in organisational culture: Good leaders recognise that culture is something they can
influence. They maintain a functional organisational culture by identifying, articulating and demonstrating
what needs to be valued. Their own behaviour is an example of what needs to be valued. However, they also

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recognise that other managers play a vital leadership role and support line managers by providing coaching
and direction.

o Seeing and sharing the big picture: The concerns, issues and practices of government agencies are
interlinked with other agencies, and actions taken in one part of the system can have consequences well
beyond organisational boundaries. Good leaders recognise this; they articulate the role and functions of their
organisation in the context of the roles and functions of other organisations. They recognise what needs to be
valued in order for the whole public service to function effectively.

o Establishing cooperation and collaboration as the norm: Good leaders establish values and baseline
expectations that staff will cooperate, collaborate and share information. Within the organisation they work to
minimise the emergence of cultural silos by establishing shared operational norms, shared language and a
shared sense of purpose.

o Understanding the power of symbols and messaging: Good leaders recognise that messages about what is
valued are conveyed through all their actions, and what they don’t respond to or acknowledge is as significant
as what they do respond to. Leaders need to be continuously aware of the messages they may be conveying
to staff, either intentionally or unintentionally. What leaders say needs always to authentically reflect what
they value?

o Acknowledge the different experiences and perspectives of staff across the organisation: Leaders and
Administrators commonly have a more positive perception of their workplace and its culture than staff at the
middle and lower levels. In other words the view from the top is different from the view from the middle, or
bottom. Leaders can access resources, set agendas, control their day to day interactions and are generally the
first to received important information from within or outside the organisation. These are opportunities that
are not open to staff at the mid and lower levels in an organisation.

 Another way they recommend is to seek outside perspectives. They suggest that there are significant benefits
for leaders in seeking perspectives from others through, for example, external supervision or mentorship, or a
trusted network of professional colleagues who are familiar with but not part of your organisation. Such
arrangements can provide a valuable reality check in relation to organisational culture by offering different
perspectives, which, while informed, are not influenced through immersion in the culture itself.

 Employees should be treated alike and mutual respects to fellow worker.

10. Transparency and good governance.

Transparency is the idea that the people have a right to know, what their government is doing, and the government
has an obligation to provide that information. Furthermore, Good governance is a people centric way of decision
making. It has various components like transparency, accountability, people participation, efficiency and effectiveness,
responsiveness, inclusiveness etc.

Governance means the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not
implemented).

Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent,
responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. It assures that corruption is
minimized, the views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are
heard in decision-making.

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11. Lokpal and Corruption

The institution of Lokpal has been a long awaited institution in the country e as a strong public opinion has been there
that Ombudsman will provide people a direct window for the redressal of their grievances.

Civil society under Anna Hazare pressed the government for quick enactment in this regard finally shape in which
form of Lokpal act 2013. This happens with the latest addition to the institution arrangement against corruption with
the previous existing frameworks like CBI and CVC. But question has surfaced at the same time that whether legal
framework will be sufficient to make the science guided behavior regulated.

It has been observed that human beings name all the frameworks and legal institutions also require moral values.

The following shall be seen useful for improving the overall arrangement-
1. Meaning of public officials activity for the people especially weaker sections
2. Transparency and disclosure of information on voluntary basis.
3. Modified values in regard to integrity honesty selflessness etc.
4. Exemplary behaviour by the superiors.
5. As far as possible bringing the premises of decision making in the public to main subject to the condition of
national security and public interest.
6. Participation by citizens association Ngo’s, CSI’s etc.

7. More and more decentralization of power PRI’s and urban local bodies.

12. Corporate governance in era of LPG (liberalization, privatization and globalization).

Corporate Governance

 A corporate is a business organization wherein the ownership and management are separate.

 Let’s understand it with an example

o In an ordinary business, say, a small scale industry or a jeweller shop, or a TV showroom, the owner himself
makes investment and carries on the business.

o However in the business corporation, the money is mostly raised from public at large by issuing shares, these
shareholders are true owners of the business. However, the business is managed by different set of people.

 Hence corporate governance can be understood as the set of all the processes that steer a business corporation
towards a specific direction in such a way that interests of all the stakeholders in general and shareholders in
particular are not compromised by the management.

Stakeholders in the corporate governance

 Shareholders

o The real owners of a business organization

 Government

o The motive of the business organization should abide by the framework created by the government

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-8/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 30 P.T.O.

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 Public

o Every action of a business affects society necessarily because customers for whom a business is run
constitute a part of society

 It not only in India that this concern has been felt and it was in UK Committee under Adrian Cadbury highlighted
the need for financial accountability of Board of Directors.

 In India, Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee emphasized on it. Government through Companies Act 2013 has
attempted to establish sound principles of company’s management and accountability.

 SEBI was granted statutory status in 1992. It was instrumental in achieving goals of corporate governance as
otherwise investors will have apprehension will stay away from economic enterprise.

 Principle of Corporate Social Responsibility as that necessary connects society and companies that will put to rest
the long standing debate between socialism vs capitalism.

13. Citizen’s Charter

● Citizen’s Charter is a document which has information regarding the commitment of the Organisation towards its
Citizens in respects of Standard of Services, Information, Choice and Consultation, Non-discrimination and
Accessibility, Grievance Redress, Courtesy and Value for Money.

● According to 2nd ARC Citizens’ Charter is a public statement that defines the entitlements of citizens to a specific
service, the standards of the service, the conditions to be met by users, and the remedies available to the latter in
case of non-compliance of standards.

Principles of citizen charter are as follows:

 Quality: Improving the quality of services;

 Choice: Wherever possible;

 Standards: Specify what to expect and how to act if standards are not met;

 Value: For the taxpayers money;

 Accountability: Individuals and Organizations;

 Transparency: Rules/ Procedures/ Schemes/Grievances.

Features

● The term ‘Citizen’ in the Citizen’s Charter implies the clients or customers whose interests and values are
addressed by the Citizen’s Charter and, therefore, includes not only the citizens but also all the stakeholders, i.e.,
citizens, customers, clients, users, beneficiaries, other Ministries/ Departments/ Organisations, State
Governments, UT Administrations etc.

● The Citizen’s Charter is not legally enforceable and, therefore, is non-justiciable.

● Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances in Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions, Government of India, coordinates the efforts to formulate and operationalise citizen’s Charters in
Central Government, State Governments and UT Administrations. It provides guidelines for formulation and
implementation of the Charters as well as their evaluation.

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Problems

● In a majority of cases, the Charters were not formulated through a consultative process.

● By and large, service providers were not familiar with the philosophy, goals and main features of the Charter.

● Adequate publicity to the Charters had not been given in any of the Departments evaluated.

In most Departments, the Charters are only in the initial or middle stage of implementation.

● No funds have been specifically earmarked for awareness generation of Citizens’ Charter or for orientation of the
staff on various components of the Charter.

TESTS SCHEDULE

LEVEL1
RELEASE DATE
TEST SYLLABUS
(For test & test discussion videos)
MT(GS)-1 Physical Geography of India & the World 13/10/19
MT(GS)-2 Economic Geography of Indian & the World 20/10/19
Environment, Ecology, Biodiversity, Climate Change&
MT(GS)-3 03/11/19
Disaster Management
MT(GS)-4 Indian Culture 10/11/19
MT(GS)-5 Modern History 17/11/19
MT(GS)-6 Post – Independence History + World History 24/11/19
MT(Essay)-1 Essay (ThemesfromGeography&History) 25/11/19
MT(GS)-7 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude -1 01/12/19
MT(GS)-8 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude -2 08/12/19
MT(GS)-9 Ethics in Governance – Case Studies 15/12/19
MT(GS)-10 Indian Polity & Governance -1 22/12/19
MT(GS)-11 Indian Polity & Governance – 2 29/12/19
MT(Essay)-2 Essay (ThemesfromPolityandEthics) 05/01/20
MT(GS)-12 Indian Society and Social Justice 12/01/20
MT(GS)-13 S&T 19/01/20
MT(GS)-14 International Relations& Internal Security 27/01/20
MT(Essay)-3 Essay (ThemesfromIndian Society and IR) 02/02/20
MT(GS)-15 Economic Development– 1 09/02/20
MT(GS)-16 Economic Development– 2 16/02/20
MT(Essay)-4 Essay (Themesfrom Economy and S&T) 23/02/20

LEVEL2
RELEASE DATE
TEST SYLLABUS
(For test & test discussion videos)
Geography + Environment, Ecology, Biodiversity + Disaster
ST(GS)-1 28/06/20
Management (GS Paper-1+3)
History - Culture, Modern, Post-Independence & World
ST(GS)-2 05/07/20
History(GS Paper-1)
ST(GS)-3 Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude - Theory & Case Studies(GS Paper - 4) 12/07/20
ST(GS)-4 Indian Polity & Governance(GS Paper-2) 19/07/20

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-8/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 32 P.T.O.

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ST(GS)-5 Indian Society & Social Justice+ S&T(GS Paper-1+2) 26/07/20

International Relations& Internal Security
ST(GS)-6 02/08/20
(GS Paper-2+3)
ST(GS)-7 Economic Development(GS Paper-3) 09/08/20

LEVEL 3
TEST DATE
TEST SYLLABUS (For test & test discussion TEST TIME
videos)
FLT (Essay)- 1 Essay 16/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 1 GS – 1 (Full Syllabus) 23/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 2 GS – 2 (Full Syllabus) 23/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 3 GS – 3 (Full Syllabus) 29/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 4 GS – 4 (Full Syllabus) 29/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 5 GS – 1(Full Syllabus) 30/08/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 6 GS – 2(Full Syllabus) 30/08/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT(GS) – 7 GS – 3(Full Syllabus) 05/09/20 9 am – 12 pm
FLT(GS) – 8 GS – 4(Full Syllabus) 05/09/20 2 pm – 5 pm
FLT (Essay)- 2 Essay 06/09/20 9 am – 12 pm

QIP-MTS-20/MT(GS)-8/RAU’S IAS TEST SERIES 33 P.T.O.