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受剪杆件设计
王立军
( 华诚博远工程技术集团有限公司, 北京 100055)
44
受剪杆件设计
其中 A w = ht w 5. 34 a
4 + ≤1
ìï
式 中 : A w 为 腹 板 截 面 积 ;h 为 腹 板 高 度 ;t w 为 腹 板 ïï ( a / h) 2 h
kv = í ( 4)
厚 度 ;F y 为 屈 服 强 度 ;C v1 为 腹 板 抗 剪 承 载 力 4 a
ï5. 34 ( a / h) 2 > 1
ï +
系数。 î h
考虑 屈 曲 后 应 力 重 分 布,抗 剪 强 度 会 高 于 屈 曲 式( 4) 可由式( 3b) 替代。
强度,因而抗剪强度采用屈服强度 0. 6F y A w 乘以 C v1 无加劲肋时, k v = 5. 34,剪切屈服与屈曲的高厚
表示。 腹板部分受拉 对 其 屈 曲 有 利, 这 时 不 考 虑 腹 比分界点 h / t w = 1. 10 k v E / F y = 74 235 / F y ,此 时
板拉区的有利作用偏于安全并使计算简化。 C v1 = 1. 0,抗剪强度由式( 1) 确定,即腹板可达到剪
a. 轧 制 工 字 形 截 面, 腹 板 高 度 与 厚 度 之 比
应力屈服,因此腹板高厚比 74ε k ( ε k = 235 / F y ) 是
h / t w ≤ 2. 24 E / F y = 65 235 / F y ,此 时,可 取 ϕ v = 屈服与屈曲的界限高厚比。
1. 0,C v1 = 1. 0。 2) 作用二:腹板 a / h ≤ 3 时,考虑拉力带作用的
b. 其他工字形截面和槽形截面: 腹板抗剪强度。
C v1 = 1. 0 h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y ( 2a) 作用一为仅考虑腹板屈曲后内力重分布而不考
1. 10 k v E / F y 虑其拉力场作用的抗剪强度的计算方法。 当腹板设
C v1 = h / t w > 1. 10 k v E / F y ( 2b)
h / tw 置加劲肋且 a / h ≤ 3 时, 拉力带将起作用,此时腹板
式中: k v 为腹板剪切屈曲系数;E 为弹性模量。 抗剪强度计算如下。
腹板无横向加劲肋时: a. h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y 时:
k v = 5. 34 ( 3a) V n = 0. 6F y A w ( 5a)
腹板有横向加劲肋时: b. h / t w > 1. 10 k v E / F y 时:
5 ① 2A w / ( A fc + A ft ) ≤ 2. 5,h / b fc ≤ 6. 0,h / b ft ≤
kv = 5 + ( 3b)
( a / h) 2 6. 0, 则:
式中: a 为加劲肋间距;当 a / h>3. 0 时,取 k v = 5. 34。
é 1 - C v2 ùú
2016 版《 美国钢标》 的抗剪承载力系数 C v1 分成 V n = 0. 6F y A w ê C v2 + ( 5b)
ê 1. 15 1 + ( a / h) û
2 ú
当 h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y 时,抗剪强度由腹板剪 1. 10 k v E / F y
C v2 = ( 6b)
切屈服 提 供, 此 时 为 式 ( 2a) 即 C v1 = 1. 0。 h / t w > h / tw
1. 10 k v E / F y 时,抗剪强度 由 腹 板 屈 曲 及 屈 曲 后 强 h / t w > 1. 37 k v E / F y 时:
度提供,此时为式( 2b) 即 C v1 < 1. 0。 1. 51k v E
C v2 = ( 6c)
式( 3b) 来 自 四 边 简 支 板 受 纯 剪 时 的 屈 曲 系 数 ( h / tw ) 2 F y
公式: 腹板受上下翼 缘 和 左 右 加 劲 肋 约 束,剪 力 作 用
下的抗剪承载力会超过剪切屈曲应力。 形成的拉压
45
王立军 / 钢结构( 中英文) ,36( 6) ,44- 53,2021
应力带与加劲 肋 形 成 类 似 桁 架 的 作 用。 a / h < 3 时, 在相 互 影 响。 当 腹 板 相 对 于 翼 缘 面 积 不 是 很 大
屈曲后效 应 明 显。 式 ( 5b) 第 一 项 为 考 虑 屈 曲 后 内 时 ,剪 力 对 抗 弯 能 力 影 响 小 ,可 以 采 用 式 ( 5b) 考 虑
力重分 布 的 部 分, 第 二 项 为 拉 力 带 对 强 度 的 提 高 全拉 力 场 作 用。 否 则, 只 考 虑 部 分 拉 力 场, 按 式
部分。 ( 5c) 计 算 。
考虑屈 曲 后 强 度 时,抗 剪 能 力 和 抗 弯 能 力 存 下面对式( 5b) 加以说明。
关于腹板屈曲 后 斜 向 拉 力 带 的 强 度 计 算 问 题, 3 f vy - τ cr
Vt = h0 tw ( 12)
需考虑拉力带的分布和是否再考虑加劲肋的框架作 2 1 + ( a / h0 ) 2
用两个层 面,进 一 步 的 介 绍 可 见 文 献 [ 2] 。 下 面 仅
式( 12) 为 腹 板 屈 曲 后 由 拉 力 带 提 供 的 附 加 剪
考虑拉力带锚固于 横 向 加 劲 肋 形 成 的 拉 力 带,且 不
力,屈曲时的剪力为 τ cr h 0 t w , 则屈曲后总剪力为:
考虑加劲肋的框架作用。
3 f vy - τ cr
假定腹板受剪屈曲时应力为 τ cr ,屈曲后增加的 V n = τ cr h 0 t w + h0 tw ( 13)
2 1 + ( a / h0 ) 2
强度由拉力带提供。 考虑图 2a 的情况,拉力带仅锚
令 A w = h 0 t w ,f vy = 0. 6F y ,h 0 = h,考虑屈曲后内力
固于横向加劲肋上,可将梁的翼缘、横向加劲肋和拉
重分布作用,屈曲应力由 τ cr 提高到 C v2 f vy , 则:
力带分别看成桁架的弦杆、竖杆和斜腹杆,对应的塑
性铰为 图 2b, 即 在 框 架 四 角 出 现 塑 性 铰。 如 图 2c é 1 - C v2 ùú
V n = 0. 6F y A w ê C v2 + ( 14)
所示,拉力带的宽度 s 为: ê
ë 1. 15 1 + ( a / h) 2 úû
s = h 0 cos φ - asin φ ( 7) 式( 14) 即为《 美国钢标》 的式( 5b) 。
式中:φ 为拉力带倾角;h 0 为腹板有效高度。 1. 2 G4 矩形管
竖向剪力为: V n = 0. 6F y A w C v2 ( 15)
V t = σ t st w sin φ ( 8) 1. 3 G5 圆管
式中: σ t 为腹板受剪屈曲后拉力带的拉应力。 将式 V n = F cr A g / 2 ( 16)
dV t 式中:A g 为截面积。
(7) 代入式( 8) ,并令 = 0, 得到最大剪力对应的
dφ F cr 取下列两式较大值且不超过 0. 6F y :
倾角为: 1. 60E
F cr = ( 17a)
1 Lv D
5
sin 2φ = ( 9)
4
a 2
D ( )t
1 +
h0( ) 0. 78E
F cr = ( 17b)
将式( 9) 代入式( 7) 、式( 8) ,并经简化得到: 3
( D / t) 2
1 h0
Vt = σ t tw ( 10) 式中:D 为 外 径; t 为 壁 厚; L v 为 自 剪 力 最 大 至 零 剪
2 1 + ( a / h0 ) 2 力的长度。
拉应力 σ t 对应的剪应力为 σ t / 3 ,此项剪应力 一般来说,式( 17) 对 于 D / t≥100 的 钢 管、高 强
最大值为 f vy - τ cr , 即: 钢钢管和长钢管 起 控 制 作 用。 对 于 通 常 截 面,屈 服
σ t = 3 ( f vy - τ cr ) ( 11) 剪应力起控制作用,这时 F cr = 0. 6F y 。
式中:f vy 为屈服剪应力;τ cr 为临界剪应力。 1. 4 G6 双轴对称和单轴对称截面弱轴抗剪
将式( 11) 代入式( 10) ,得到: 荷载 作 用 在 弱 轴 且 无 扭 转,对 于 每 一 个 抗 剪 单
46
受剪杆件设计
h0 / tw 1
λ n,s = · a / h 0 ≤1. 0 ( 20a)
37η 4 + 5. 34( h 0 / a) ε k 2
3 结束语
h0 / tw 1 1) 《 美国钢标》 杆 件 的 抗 剪 计 算 考 虑 腹 板 的 屈
λ n,s = · a / h 0 >1. 0 ( 20b)
37η 5. 34 + 4( h 0 / a) 2 ε k 曲后强度。 当腹板区隔 a / h ≤ 3 时, 进 而 可 以 考 虑
式中: η 为参数,简支梁取 1. 11,框架梁梁端最大应 拉力场对腹板抗剪强度的提高作用。
力区取 1;ε k 为钢号修正系数。 2) 《 17 钢标》 第 6. 3. 3 条 给 出 了 腹 板 剪 切 临 界
可见剪切屈曲方程为三段式,分别对应塑性区、 应力 的 计 算 公 式,第 6. 4 节 给 出 了 考 虑 腹 板 屈 曲 后
弹塑性区 和 弹 性 区。 屈 服 与 弹 塑 性 屈 曲 分 界 点 为 强度的抗剪计算公式。
λ n,b = 0. 8,式( 20b) 取 a / h 0 很 大 时, 相 当 于 无 横 向 3) 《 17 钢标》 以梁腹板高厚比 h 0 / t w = 80ε k 为屈
加劲肋情况,得到: 服与屈曲分界点,当 h 0 / t w > 80ε k 时 需 设 置 横 向 加
h0 / tw 劲肋以 抵 抗 剪 力 屈 曲。 该 分 界 点 与 《 美 国 钢 标》 取
1
λ n,s = ( 21) 值基本一致。
37η 5. 34 ε k
对于简支梁, 取 η = 1. 11,则 h 0 / t w = 76ε k ,此值
参考文献
与《 美国钢标》 的 74ε k 一致。
[ 1] AISC. Specification for structural steel buildings:ANSI / AISC 360-16
《 17 钢标 》 取 h 0 / t w = 80ε k 为 屈 服 与 屈 曲 分 界 [S]. Chicago: American Institute of Steel Construction,2016.
点,并在 6. 3. 1 条指出,当 h 0 / t w > 80ε k 时, 应 计 算 [ 2] 陈绍蕃. 钢结构稳定设 计 指 南 [ M ] . 3 版. 北 京:中 国 建 筑 工 业
梁腹板的屈曲稳定性。 出版社,2013.
《 17 钢标 》 式 ( 19c) 为 剪 切 屈 曲 临 界 应 力 计 算 [ 3] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 钢 结 构 设 计 标 准: GB
47
·Comparison of Chinese and US Code·
钢结构( 中英文) , 36( 6) , 44- 53( 2021)
DOI:10. 13206 / j. gjgS20081801
ISSN 2096- 6865
CN10- 1609 / TF
Lijun Wang ∗
Abstract:
The design method of members for shear in Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ( AISC 360 - 16 ) is
introduced and compared with that in Standard for Design of Steel Structures ( GB 50017—2017) .
The strength calculation of shear members is listed in Chapter G of AISC 360 - 16, in which the design shear
strength takes ϕ v V n , and the shear resistance coefficient ϕ v = 0. 9.
1) For I-shape and channel sections, post-buckling strength after shear buckling can improve the shear capacity of
the web, which is induced by the internal force redistribution and tension field in the web. For the web without
stiffeners or with the spacing between stiffeners a > 3h, post-buckling strength is only provided by internal force
redistribution. However, for the web with the spacing between stiffeners a≤3h, both of them are contributors.
2) When shear strength without considering tension field of webs, h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y : shear strength is
supported by shear yielding of the web, namely C v1 = 1. 0; h / t w > 1. 10 k v E / F y : shear strength originates from
both buckling of the web and its post-buckling strength, namely C v1 < 1. 0.
3) If there is no stiffener,the shear buckling coefficient of the web k v = 5. 34, the cut-off point between height-
to-thickness ratios under shear yielding and shear buckling is h / t w = 1. 10 k v E / F y = 74 235 / F y , so 74ε k is the
critical height-to-thickness ratios between yielding and buckling.
4) When the web has stiffeners and a / h ≤ 3, tension field works and shear strength of the web should be
calculated.
For the calculation of buckling bearing capacity of members under shear, GB 50017—2017 provides the
formulas to calculate the shear buckling stress of the web in Article 6. 3. 3 without considering post-buckling
strength, and presents the formulas considering post-buckling strength of the web in Chapter 6. 4.
1) When shear buckling stress of the web without considering post-buckling strength, GB 50017—2017
( 6. 3. 3-8-12) presents the relationship between critical shear stress τ cr of web regardless of post-buckling strength
and regularized width-to-thickness ratio λ n,s . If η = 1. 11 is adopted for simply supported beams, h 0 / t w = 76ε k ,
consistent with the value 74ε k in AISC 360 - 16. GB 50017—2017 takes h 0 / t w = 80ε k as the cut-off point between
yielding and buckling, and points out in Article 6. 3. 1 that buckling stability of the web should be computed
when h 0 / t w > 80ε k .
2) When the shear buckling of the web is considered post-buckling strength, for the beam under shear, GB
50017—2017 takes into account the effect of tension field after buckling.
Analyses reveal that: AISC 360 - 16 presents the strength calculation of shear members considering the post-
buckling strength of web plates, and GB 50017—2017 provides the formulas for the shear strength with and
without post-buckling strength of the web respectively.
Key words:shear member; post-buckling strength; tension field
∗
Corresponding author
Email: 13901212966@ sina. com
Received August 18,2020
Accepted October 20,2020
48
Design of members for shear
1 AISC 360 - 16
The strength calculation of shear members is listed in Chapter G of Specification for Structural and Building
( AISC 360 - 16) [ 1] , in which the design shear strength is ϕ v V n , and the shear resistance coefficient is ϕ v = 0. 9
under normal circumstances.
When h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y , shear strength is contributed by shear yielding of the web, and C v1 = 1. 0 ( Eq.
( 2a) ) . When h / t w > 1. 10 k v E / F y , it is supported by web buckling and its post-buckling strength, and C v1 <
1. 0 ( Eq. ( 2b) ) .
Eq. ( 3b) presents the buckling coefficient of four-edge simply-supported web under pure shear:
49
Lijun Wang / Steel Construction( Chinese & English) ,36( 6) ,44- 53,2021
5. 34 a
4 + ≤1
ìï
ï ( a / h) 2
h
kv = í ( 4)
ï5. 34 + 4 a
> 1
ï
î ( a / h) 2 h
The above two equations can be substituted by Eq. ( 3b) .
When there is no stiffener, k v = 5. 34, the cut-off point of height-to-thickness ratios between yielding and buck-
ling of the web is h / t w = 1. 10 k v E / F y = 74 235 / F y and shear strength can be determined by Eq. ( 1) with
C v1 = 1. 0, namly that the web can reach shear stress yield. Thus 74ε k is the critical height-to-thickness ratio be-
tween yielding and buckling of the web.
2) Action 2: when a / h ≤ 3, the tension field should be considered in the calculation of shear strength of
the web.
The above subsection 1) only discusses the internal force redistribution, while without the tension field, in the
calculation of shear strength. When stiffeners are set on the web and the spacing between stiffeners a≤3h, ten-
sion field works and the shear strength of the web can be calculated by the following formulas:
a. h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y :
V n = 0. 6F y A w ( 5a)
b. h / t w > 1. 10 k v E / F y :
① 2A w / ( A fc + A ft ) ≤ 2. 5,h / b fc ≤ 6. 0,h / b ft ≤ 6. 0
éê 1 - C v2 ùú
C v2 +
V n = 0. 6F y A w ê a 2 ú ( 5b)
ê
êë 1. 15 1 + ( )h
ú
ú
û
②Others:
ìï 1 - C v2 ïü
ïC v2 + ï
V n = 0. 6F y A w í éê a a 2 ùú ý ( 5c)
1. 15
ïï
î êë h
+ 1 + ( ) h úû ïþï
where A fc is the area of compression flange; A ft is the area of tension flange; b fc is the width of compression
flange; b ft is the width of tension flange; C v2 is the shear buckling coefficient of the web.
C v2 can be determined by the following equations:
h / t w ≤ 1. 10 k v E / F y
C v2 = 1. 0 ( 6a)
1. 10 k v E / F y < h / t w ≤ 1. 37 k v E / F y
1. 10 k v E / F y
C v2 = ( 6b)
h / tw
h / t w > 1. 37 k v E / F y
1. 51k v E
C v2 = ( 6c)
( h / tw ) 2 F y
Under the constraints of upper and lower flanges and left and right stiffeners, shear capacity of the web subject
to shear will exceed the shear buckling stress. Tension and compression stress fields and stiffeners act like trus-
ses. Post-buckling effect is obvious when a / h<3. The first term of Eq. ( 5b) indicates the internal force redistri-
bution after buckling and the second term the contribution of tension field to the improvement of the strength.
After the post-buckling strength is considered, shear strength and bending strength interact. When the web is not
larger than the flange, shear force has little influence on bending capacity and Eq. (5b) can be used to explore the
action of a full tension field. Otherwise, only part of the tension field should be considered, as Eq. (5c) .
Eq. ( 5b) is illustrated as below:
With regard to the strength calculation in the oblique tension field after web buckling, one way is to consider
the distribution of tension field and the other is to discuss both the tension field and the frame of stiffeners, de-
tailed introduction of which can be found in Reference [ 2] . The following only involves the tension field formed
by anchoring to the transverse stiffeners, without the frame of stiffeners.
The shear buckling stress of the web is set as τ cr , and the increased strength after buckling is provided by the
tension field. Considering the situation in Fig. 2( a) , the tension field is only anchored to the transverse stiffen-
ers, and the flange, transverse stiffeners and the tension field can be regarded as the chord, vertical bars and the
oblique bar of trusses respectively. The corresponding plastic hinges are shown in Fig. 2 ( b) , which are at the
50
Design of members for shear
four corners of the frame. As Fig. 2( c) , the width of tension the field is
s = h 0 cos φ - asin φ ( 7)
where φ is the inclination angle of the tension field; h 0 is the effective height of the web.
The vertical shear is
V t = σ t st w sin φ ( 8)
where σ t is the tensile stress in the tension field of the web after buckling under shear. Substituting Eq. ( 7) into
dV t
Eq. ( 8) and assuming = 0, we can get the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum shear:
dφ
1
sin 2φ = ( 9)
1 + ( a / h0 ) 2
After Eq. ( 9) is substituted into Eq. ( 7) and Eq. ( 8) , the following equation can be obtained after simplifica-
tion:
1 h0
Vt = σ t tw ( 10)
2 1 + (a / h )2 0
The shear stress corresponding to tensile stress σ t is σ t / 3 , with the maximum as f vy - τ cr , namely
σ t = 3 ( f vy - τ cr ) ( 11)
where f vy is the yield shear stress; τ cr is the critical shear stress.
Eq. ( 11) is substituted into Eq. ( 10) :
3 f vy - τ cr
Vt = h0 tw ( 12)
2 1 + ( a / h0 ) 2
Eq. ( 12) demonstrates the additional shear provided by the tension field after the web buckling. The buckling
shear is τ cr h 0 t w , so the total shear after buckling is:
3 f vy - τ cr
V n = τ cr h 0 t w + h0 tw ( 13)
2 1 + ( a / h0 ) 2
It is set that A w = h 0 t w ,f vy = 0. 6F y ,h 0 = h. In light of internal force redistribution after buckling, buckling stress
should be increased from τ cr to C v2 f vy . Then
é 1 - C v2 ùú
V n = 0. 6F y A w ê C v2 + ( 14)
ê
ë 1. 15 1 + ( a / h) 2 úû
Eq. ( 14) is Eq. ( 5b) in AISC 360 - 16.
0. 78E
F cr = 3
( 17b)
( D / t) 2
where D is the external diameter; t is the wall thickness; L v is the length from the maximum shear to zero.
In general, Eq. ( 17) control the steel pipe, high-strength steel pipe and long steel pipe with D / t≥100. For
normal cross sections, yield shear stress is decisive and F cr = 0. 6F y .
2 GB 50017—2017
Regarding the calculation of buckling bearing capacity of beams under shear, Standard for Design of Steel
Structures( GB 50017—2017) [ 3] provides the formulas to calculate the shear buckling stress of the web in Article
6. 3. 3 without considering post-buckling strength. It also presents the formulas considering post-buckling strength
of the web in Chapter 6. 4.
h0 / tw 1
λ n,s = a / h 0 > 1. 0 ( 20b)
37η 5. 34 + 4( h 0 / a) 2 εk
Where η is the parameter, η = 1. 11 for simply supported beams, η = 1 for maximum stress zone at beam end of
frame beam; ε k is the correction factor of the steel grade.
From the above, a shear buckling equation is divided into three segments, corresponding to a plastic zone, an
elastoplastic zone and an elastic zone. The cut-off point between yielding and elastoplastic buckling is λ n,b = 0. 8,
and if a / h 0 in Eq. ( 20b) is very large( a / h 0 >3) , namely without transverse stiffeners, there is
h0 / tw 1
λ n,s = ( 21)
ε
37η 5. 34 k
If η = 1. 11 is adopted for simply-supported beams, h 0 / t w > 80ε k is consistent with the value of 74ε k in AISC
360 - 16.
GB 50017—2017 takes h 0 / t w = 80ε k as the cut-off point between yielding and buckling. Besides, it points out
in Article 6. 3. 1 that buckling stability of the web should be computed when h 0 / t w > 80ε k .
The critical shear buckling stress is calculated by Eq. ( 19c) in GB 50017—2017, without considering the post-
buckling strength. Compared with Eq. ( 2b) in AISC 360 - 16, which only considers internal force redistribution
after buckling, the formula in AISC 360 - 16 also adopts critical stress, but only raises the buckling curve.
52
Design of members for shear
3 Conclusions
1) The shear strength calculation of members in AISC 360 - 16 involves the post-buckling strength of the web.
When the spacing between stiffeners a / h ≤ 3, the improvement of shear strength by the tension field can be dis-
cussed.
2) GB 50017—2017 provides the formulas for the critical shear stress of webs in Article 6. 3. 3 and those for
shear strength considering post-buckling strength of the web in Chapter 6. 4.
3) GB 50017—2017 takes the height-to-thickness ratio of webs h 0 / t w = 80ε k as the cut-off point between yield-
ing and buckling, and when h 0 / t w > 80ε k , transverse stiffeners are required to resist shear buckling. This cut-off
point is consistent with that in AISC 360 - 16.
References
[ 1] AISC. Specification for structural steel buildings:ANSI / AISC 360 - 16[ S] . Chicago: American Institute of Steel Construc-
tion,2016.
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