HUMANITIES MODULE 1 To 5

MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMANITIES 1t
At the end of the lesson the student shall be able to

1. Differentiate art history from art appreciation.
2. Discuss the nature of art’s preliminary expression.
3. Clarify misconceptions about art.
4. Discuss the assumptions about art.
When you hear the word “humanities” what is the first word thing that comes into
your mind? The humanities include the study of ancient and modern languages,
literature, philosophy, history, law, politics, religion and art. Scholars in the humanities
are “humanity scholars” or humanists. (https://en.m.wikipedia.org)Furtheremore, the
humanities gives you general knowledge.(https://www.vocabulary.com) The humanities
help us understand others through their languages, histories and culture. Humanities
students build their skills in writing and critical reading. They encourage us to think
creatively. They teach us to reason about being human and to ask question about the
world. (https://curt-.com>)
ART HISTORY VERSUS ART APPRECIATION
Art history is the study of works of art in their historical development and stylistic
contexts. This includes the “major” arts of painting, sculpture and architecture as well as
the “minor” arts of ceramics, furniture and any decorative objects. It is the study of
object of art in their historical development and stylistic context, format and design that
we may be able to understand the purpose of the work of art and appreciate it. It is
anchored in the arts and sciences, which promotes awareness of interrelationship of all
fields of knowledge( Encyclopedia Americana,1986). On the other hand, art
appreciation refers to the exploration and analysis of art forms that we are exposed to
it. It can be highly subjective, depending on an individuals personal taste and
preferences, or can be done on the basis of several grounds such as elements of
design and mastery of displayed in a piece (https://www.educationworld.in).
URS-IM-AA-CI-0166 Rev 00 Effective Date: August 24, 2020

ART AND ITS MEANING
The word “arts” comes from the Aryan word AR which means to put together. It
also comes from the Latin word ARS which means skills, ability and covers those areas
of artistic creativity. It embraces the visual arts, literature ,music and the visual arts. It
expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skills and imagination. Merriam Webster defines art
as “ the conscious use of skills and creative imagination specially in the production of
aesthetic objects”. Art is so diverse that there are many ways to understand it. Leo
Tolstoy defines art as an activity by which a person, having an emotion intentionally
transmits it to others. According to Plato, art is that which brings harmony with the
beauty of the world. Ruskin states that it is the whole spirit of man. Arthur Dow
considers art as a way of life, of doing, thinking, of feeling, of making choices of living in
a fine way.
Some generalization about art..(What is art?)

1. Art is any creative work of human being.
2. Art is a form of expressing oneself.
3. Art resides in the quality of doing; process is not magic.
4. Art is the act of making something visually entertaining.
5. Art is that activity which manifests beauty.
6. Art is mastery, an ideal way of doing something.
7. Art is not a thing-it is a way (Elbert Hubbard)
8. Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has ever known
9. Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature into
beautiful forms suitable for human use.( Frank Lloyd Wright)
WHY IS ART IMPORTANT??
Artist do not think like the policymakers or academic people. They think from their
hearts-big, revolutionary and visionary ideas. This why artists are able to move
people to action, thus creates significant cultural and political contributions. This is
what makes art powerful. Further, art has played an important role in helping fight
against intolerance of different cultures, racism, and other forms of unjust societal
segregation. With immigration becoming a modern trend, the world’s countries are
expected to be more tolerant and accepting of those who enter their borders. Finally,
art is a remarkable mode of depicting culture from all over the world and an essential
ingredients to empowering the hearts of the people.
CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION AND THE EXPRESSION IN ART
Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. It is
characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden
patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena and to
generate solution.(https://www.creativityat work.com) It is the ability to transcend

traditional ideas, rules, relationships, or the like, and to create meaningful new ideas,
forms, methods, interpretations, originality, progressiveness, or
imagination.(https://creativity.com) Imagination is tied very closely to creativity
because imagination is putting things, ideas. Feelings or images together, initially in
the artist’s mind. Through imagination one is able to craft something bold, something
new and something better in the hopes of creating something that will stimulate
changes.( https;//quizlet.com) Expression is automatic in every action, thought or
feeling in everyone. (https://www.quors.com)The Expression of feeling constitutes
the creation of art, just as philosophy and other disciplines are expression of ideas.(
https://www.britannica.com) The combination of these three factors lead men to
create a work of art that will surely influence people to seek for change in improving
their lives.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
These assumptions are the principles and bases of appreciating a work of art
since it is in art that man can convey one’s individuality and way of life.
1. Art is universal.
Art is everywhere; wherever men have lived together. It has sprung up among
them as a language charged with feelings and significance. Art as a cultural force
can be pervasive and potent. It has no limit and rises above cultures, races and
civilization. It is timeless because it goes beyond the time of our own existence.
2. Art is not nature.
Art is man made, it is a creation of man utilizing his thoughtful skill and artistry. It
is artificial because it is just an imitation or appropriation of reality and nature. It
is a representation of ideas, thought, feelings that are communicated and
expressed in a creative and artistic way. Art created by God is divine while art
created by man is temporary. Art can never be natural because it is momentary
in the constant transformation of change. Artist could create works of art but they
cannot form nature.
3. Art involves experience.
Art is a depiction of our daily experiences. It demands taking part. It involves
laying of pigments. Moulding of clay, chipping marble, casting of bronze,
constructing of building, singing of songs, playing roles on stage, acting and
going rhythmic movements in a dance. Every art does something with physical
material, the body, thus the only way to find conviction and assertion is through
immersion in the Arts. Art is appreciated if we spend time to look at it, listen to it,
to touch it and feel its presence.
4. Art is cultural.
Art is set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that define a group of
people, such as the people of a particular region. Culture includes the elements
that characterize a particular people’s way of life. The arts-vast subdivision of

culture, composed of many creative endeavors and discipline.
(https://en.em.wikipedia.org)
5. Art is an expression.
Art is an expression made visible by a form. It expresses and translates, it
acknowledges and reveals, transfers and reveals. Art is an expression of feeling,
belief and character.(https://meganbostic.squarepace.com)
6. Art as a form of creation.
A work of art is created by an artist, in order then to develop an independent
existence in the eye of the beholder over which the creator loses all control. The
creation of art is the bringing about of a new combination of elements in medium
(tones in music, words in literature, paints on canvass and
others.(https://www.britannica.com)
CATEGORIES/CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
1. Visual Arts (2D,3D)

a. Painting- the application of pigment on any flat two-dimensional surface.
b. Sculpture- it is the carving, modelling,, casting, constructing and
assembling of materials and objects into primarily dimensional works of
art.
c. Architecture- it is the art and science of planning , designing, and
constructing buildings and non building structures for human shelter or
use.
2. Performing Arts
a. Music- is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound
organized in time.
b. Dance- is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music
and within the given space for the purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion.
c. Film- also called movie or motion picture, is a series of still images that
when shown on a screen creates an illusion of moving images.
d. Theater_ is a collaborative form of art that uses live performers, typically
actors or actresses, to present the experience of real or imagined event
before a live audience in a specific place often a stage.
e. Literary-is concentrating the writing, study or content of literature,
specifically of the kind valued for quality of form.
f. Performance poetry=is a poetry specifically composed for or during a
performance before an audience rather than on print mostly open to
improvisation.
3. Digital Arts
It is the art that is made with the assistance of electronic device or intended to
be displayed on a computer which is the most important element in digital art.
4. Applied Arts
The application of design and decorations in everyday objects to make them
aesthetically pleasing

a. Fashion design- it is the art of applying design, aesthetics and natural
beauty to clothing and accessories.
b. Furniture design- it is a specialized field where functions and fashion
collide.
c. Interior design-it is enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a
healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using
space.
d. Graphic design-it is an artist process of effective communication.
Designers combine words, images and symbols to create a visual
representation of ideas.
Activity 1
Directions. In your own words, answer the following questions based on the lessons
provided.
1. Differentiate Art History from Art Appreciation
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2. Choose one definition of Art from the lesson and give your personal interpretation
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3. Explain the following:
a. Art is universal
b. Art is not nature
c. Art involves experience
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Activity 2
Directions. Fill in the blanks. Write the proper term/word asked in each
statement.
1.____________is the study of works of art in their historical and stylistic context.
2.____________refers to the exploration and analysis of art forms that we are
exposed to it.
3.____________is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality
4.____________is putting things, ideas, feelings or images together, initially in
the artist’s mind.
5.____________is a creation of man utilizing thoughtful skills and artistry.
6.____________is the art that is made with the assistance of electronic device .
7.____________is the application of design and decoration in everyday objects
to make them aesthetically pleasing.
8.____________is a specialized field where function and fashion collide.
9.____________is an artist’s process of effective communication by combining
words, images and symbols to create a vivid representation of ideas.
10.___________is the application of pigments on any flat two-dimensional
surface.

11.___________is the carving, casting and assembling of materials and objects
into primarily dimensional works of art.
12.___________is the movement of body in a rhythmic way, usually to music
and within the given space for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion.
13.___________is an art form and cultural activity whose medium
Is sound organized in time.
14.___________is a collaborative form of art that uses live performers.
15.___________is a poetry specifically composed for or during a performance
before an audience rather than on print mostly open to improvisation.
Assignment: Go to You Tube-Five 16 Film Festival Art Appreciation. After

watching the short video ,make your personal impression on how this
presentation is related to our discussion.
References
Books
Panisan,W.K.,Fronda,J.D et al.(2019) Art appreciation 2019 edition,Mutya
Publishing,Malabon City
Solmerano,ET.M,(2019)Art appreciation,Books Aibp,Publishing

Corporation,Mandaluyong City
Electronic Sources
https://en.em.wikipedia.org Retrieved July 18,2020

https://www.vocabulary.com Retrieved July 18,2020
https://curt-com Retrieved July 18,2020
https://www.educationworld.in Retrieved July 18,2020
http://creativity.com Retrieved July 18,2020
https://www.quors,com Retrieved July 19,2020
https://www.britannica.com Retrieved July 19,2020
https://meganbostic.squarepace.com Retrieved July 19,2020

JAMESON C. MARTINEZ
Asst. Prof. IV
College of Education, URS Cainta
Master of Arts in Teaching – URS Morong
Currently taking up Doctor of Philosophy Major in

Educational Management – URS Pililla
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify the function, content, and philosophical import of art
2. Determine the type, kind, and source of subject of art
3. Develop the skill in analyzing various elements of art
4. Appreciate the significance of art based on its function, content, kind and source
Introduction
Philosophy, science and art differ principally according to their subject-matter and
also the means by which they reflect, transform and express it. In a certain sense, art,
like philosophy, reflects reality in its relation to man, and depicts man, his spiritual world,
and the relations between individuals in their interaction with the world.
We live not in a primevally pure world, but in a world that is known and has been
transformed, a world where everything has, as it were, been given a "human angle", a
world permeated with our attitudes towards it, our needs, ideas, aims, ideals, joys and
sufferings, a world that is part of the vortex of our existence. If we were to remove this
"human factor" from the world, its sometimes inexpressible, profoundly intimate
relationship with man, we should be confronted by a desert of grey infinity, where
everything was indifferent to everything else. Nature, considered in isolation from man,

is for man simply nothing, an empty abstraction existing in the shadowy world of
dehumanised thought. The whole infinite range of our relationships to the world stems
from the sum-total of our interactions with it. We are able to consider our environment
rationally through the gigantic historical prism of science, philosophy and art, which are
capable of expressing life as a tempestuous flood of contradictions that come into
being, develop, are resolved and negated in order to generate new contradictions.
Reflective Questions:
 Does art always have a function
 If artwork did not have any function, will it remain art?
 Which is more important, the artist or the artwork?
 What is communicated by a vase, a furniture, a church?
Review
Let us go back to the traditional categories within the arts. You may click the links
below:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-arts
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/art-types.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art
Traditional categories within the arts include literature (including poetry, drama,
story, and so on), the visual arts (painting, drawing, sculpture, etc.), the graphic arts
(painting, drawing, design, and other forms expressed on flat surfaces), the plastic arts
(sculpture, modeling), the decorative arts (enamelwork, furniture design, mosaic, etc.),
the performing arts (theatre, dance, music), music (as composition), and architecture
(often including interior design).
Technical and historical discussions of decorative arts and furnishings can be
found in basketry, enamelwork, floral decoration, furniture, glassware, interior design,
lacquerwork, metalwork, mosaic, pottery, rug and carpet, stained glass, and tapestry.
Input
Within art, there exist purposes referred to as functions for which a piece of art
may be designed, but no art can be "assigned" a function—either in scholarly studies or
casual conversation—outside of the proper context. Art forms exist within very specific
contexts that must be considered when classifying them. Whether a particular piece of

art has existed for centuries or has yet to be created, it is functional in some way—all art
exists for a reason and these reasons make up the functions of art.
Ideally, one can look at a piece of art and guess with some accuracy where it
came from and when. This best-case scenario also includes identifying the artist
because they are in no small way part of the contextual equation. You might wonder,
"What was the artist thinking when they created this?" when you see a piece of art. You,
the viewer, are the other half of this equation; you might ask yourself how that same
piece of art makes you feel as you look at it.
These—in addition to the time period, location of creation, cultural influences,

etc.—are all factors that should be considered before trying to assign functions to art.
Taking anything out of context can lead to misunderstanding art and misinterpreting an
artist's intentions, which is never something you want to do.
Functions of Art
The functions of art normally fall into three categories: physical, social, and
personal. These categories can and often do overlap in any given piece of art. When
you're ready to start thinking about these functions, here's how.
1. Physical
The physical functions of art are often the easiest to understand. Works of art
that are created to perform some service have physical functions. If you see a Fijian
war club, you may assume that, however wonderful the craftsmanship may be, it
was created to perform the physical function of smashing skulls.
A Japanese raku bowl is a piece of art that performs a physical function in a
tea ceremony. Conversely, a fur-covered teacup from the Dada movement has no
physical function. Architecture, crafts such as welding and woodworking, interior
design, and industrial design are all types of art that serve physical functions.

Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=raku+bowl&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjDkc7r4tjq
AhU2zYsBHf8WC4AQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=raku+bowl&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQBRAeMgYIABAIEB4y
BggAEAgQHjIECAAQGDoFCAAQsQM6BAgAEEM6BwgAELEDEENQ3gtY_iZgyipoAHAAeACAAa4CiAHhC
5IBBzAuNi4yLjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAMABAQ&sclient=img&ei=cvMTX8OQFbaar7w
P_62sgAg&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=xFgzNtX-tGaX9M
2. Social
Art has a social function when it addresses aspects of (collective) life as

opposed to one person's point of view or experience. Viewers can often relate in
some way to social art and are sometimes even influenced by it.
For example, public art in 1930s Germany had an overwhelming symbolic

theme. Did this art exert influence on the German population? Decidedly so, as did
political and patriotic posters in Allied countries during the same time. Political art,
often designed to deliver a certain message, always carries a social function. The
fur-covered Dada teacup, useless for holding tea, carried a social function in that it
protested World War I (and nearly everything else in life).
Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions and often this art
comes in the form of photography. The Realists figured this out early in the 19th
century. American photographer Dorothea Lange (1895–1965) along with many
others often took pictures of people in conditions that are difficult to see and think
about.
Additionally, satire performs social functions. Spanish painter Francisco Goya

(1746–1828) and English portrait artist William Hogarth (1697–1764) both went this
route with varying degrees of success at motivating social change with their art.
Sometimes the possession of specific pieces of art in a community can elevate that
community's status. A stabile by American kinetic artist Alexander Calder (1898–
1976), for example, can be a community treasure and point of pride.

Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=physical+functions+of+art&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=
2&ved=2ahUKEwj4zMbm4tjqAhWOtJ4KHapaDYsQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=625#imgrc=
5ZiGI3VwGmUNrM
3. Personal
The personal functions of art are often the most difficult to explain. There are
many types of personal functions and these are highly subjective. Personal functions
of art are not likely to be the same from person to person.
An artist may create a piece out of a need for self-expression or gratification.

They might also or instead want to communicate a thought or point to the viewer.
Sometimes an artist is only trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self
and viewers. A piece might be meant to entertain, provoke thought, or even have no
particular effect at all.
Personal function is vague for a reason. From artist to artist and viewer to
viewer, one's experience with art is different. Knowing the background and behaviors
of an artist helps when interpreting the personal function of their pieces.
Art may also serve the personal function of controlling its viewers, much like
social art. It can also perform religious service or acknowledgment. Art has been
used to attempt to exert magical control, change the seasons, and even acquire
food. Some art brings order and peace, some creates chaos. There is virtually no
limit to how art can be used.

Finally, sometimes art is used to maintain a species. This can be seen in
rituals of the animal kingdom and in humans themselves. Biological functions
obviously include fertility symbols (in any culture), but there are many ways humans
adorn their bodies with art in order to be attractive to others and eventually mate.
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=personal+functions+of+art&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=2ahUKEwjCpc-
E5NjqAhUJHXAKHe9yDeoQ_AUoAXoECBEQAw&biw=1366&bih=576#imgrc=PmMqcfu4E4_9JM
Determining the Function of Art
The functions of art apply not only to the artist that created a piece but to you as
the viewer. Your whole experience and understanding of a piece should contribute to
the function you assign it, as well as everything you know about its context. Next time
you are trying to understand a piece of art, try to remember these four points: (1)
context and (2) personal, (3) social, and (4) physical functions. Remember that some art
serves only one function and some all three (perhaps even more).

You may click on this link for more details:
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest136810-1438662-art-appreciation-
module-3-functions-of/
You may also watch this videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tWjB_mB_Jo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMU0RbMS3LQ
For other functions of arts, you may watch this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh2hTXycunU
Philosophical Importance of Art

1. Integrity or Artistic integrity is generally defined as the ability to omit an
acceptable level of opposing, disrupting, and corrupting values that would
otherwise alter an artist's or entities’ original vision in a manner that violates their
own preconceived aesthetic standards and personal values. This does not
necessitate that an artist needs to ignore external influences in the creation
process.
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War) located at the Philadelphia
Museum of Art
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_Construction_with_Boiled_Beans_(Premonition_of_Civil_Wa
r)

What is artistic integrity:
 Always painting with passion

 Never copying but taking ideas and tweaking them to make them our
own
 Being original….not normal
 Having the courage to take a chance
 Always remembering your artistic vision comes from your life, your
thoughts…..your courage
 Creating a painting because it comes from your soul and not for
recognition or prizes
 Being willing to be scared….to create on the edge
 To continue creating when doubt in yourself appears
 Doing your very best each and every day
2. Proportion
Proportion refers to a the relative size of objects, a ratio between parts or

entities in some visual representation (most often visual, but proportion also
applies in music and other arts). Visually, proportion is most immediately relevant
to so-called “representational art” — say, painting — where it is important in
rendering a realistic or believable image of some object or scene with which we
have some familiarity - for example a portrait of human being, or a cityscape in
Paris.
Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man

3. Radiance
Radiance signifies the luminosity that emanates from a beautiful object,

which initially seizes the attention of the beholder. This trait is closely related to
the medieval notions concerning light. For example, in terms of natural light,
there is a sense in which the paintings in a gallery lose some of their beauty
when the lights are turned off because they are no longer being perceived.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=St.+Thomas+Aquinas&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjOs42T5djq
AhX3yIsBHVzDCFoQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=St.+Thomas+Aquinas&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAM
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uMjWYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAMABAQ&sclient=img&ei=3vUTX87MAveRr7wP3Iaj
0AU&bih=576&biw=1366#imgrc=EVBc_P4JRgf0oM
The Subject of Art
What is a Subject?
 To a majority of people, the appeal of most works of art lies in the representation of
familiar objects.

 Their enjoyment of painting, sculpture and literature comes not from their perception
of the meaning but from the satisfaction they get out of recognizing the subject or
understanding the narrative content.
The subject of art refers to any person, object, scene or event described or
represented in a work of art.
1. Representational or Objective
 Arts that have subject (eg Painting, Sculpture, Graphic Arts, Literature and
Theatre Arts)
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=representational+art&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwin1LKq5djq
AhWnx4sBHaMMDUcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=representational+art&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAM
gIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BAgAEEM6BQgAELEDUISMEVixxBFg9s0RaABwAHgDgAGiAYgBy
R-
SAQQwLjM1mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWewAQDAAQE&sclient=img&ei=DvYTX6eVNqePr7w
Po5m0uAQ&bih=576&biw=1366#imgrc=HpK___gg37KH_M

2. Non-Representational or Non-Objective
 Arts that do not have subject.
 Music, Architecture and many of the Functional Arts
– Program Music – musical compositions which have subject
 They do not present descriptions, stories, or references to identifiable objects or
symbols. Rather they, appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the
satisfying organization of their sensuous and expressive elements.
 Many contemporary painters have turned away from representational to non-
objective painting. They have shifted their attention to the work of art as an object
in itself, an exciting combination of shapes and colors that fulfills an aesthetic
need without having to represent images or tell a story.
 Many modern paintings are like this making them more difficult to comprehend.
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=non+representational+art&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwin1LKq5djqAh
Wnx4sBHaMMDUcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=non+re&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA
yAggAMgIIADoECAAQQzoFCAAQsQM6CAgAELEDEIMBUPgeWMxCYLNRaABwAHgCgAGNAogB4xKSAQY0
LjE2LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAMABAQ&sclient=img&ei=DvYTX6eVNqePr7wPo5m0uAQ&
bih=576&biw=1366#imgrc=8EP_lgWWD3gEOM

Sources of Subject
1. Nature
2. History
3. Greek and Roman Mythology
4. Judeo-Christian Tradition
5. Sacred Oriental Texts
6. Other Works of Art
Kinds of Subject
1. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes

 Artists have always been fascinated with their physical environment
 Favorite subject of Chinese and Japanese painters
 Fernando Amorsolo, is well known for having romanticized Philippine landscapes
 In Europe, the paintings of pure landscapes without human figures was almost
unheard of until the Renaissance. They only served as backgrounds prior to this.
 Modern painters seem to be attracted to scenes in cities. Vicente Manansala,
Arturo Luz and Mauro Malang Santos are some who have done Cityscapes
2. Still Life
 These are groups of inanimate objects arranged in an indoor setting (flower and
fruit arrangements, dishes food, pots and pans, musical instruments and music
sheets). The arrangement is like that to show particular human interests and
activities.
 The still lifes of Chinese and Japanese painters usually show flowers, fruits and
leaves still in their natural setting, unplucked from the branches.
 Today, focus is on the exciting arrangement and combinations of the object’s
shapes and colors.
3. Animals
 They have been represented by artists from almost every age and place. In fact,
the earliest known paintings are representations of animals on the walls of caves.
 The carabao has been a favorite subject of Filipino artists.
 The Maranaws have an animal form of have an animal form of sarimanok as their
as their proudest prestige symbol.
 Animals have been used as symbols in conventional religious art.
 The dove stands for the Holy Spirit in representations of the Trinity
 The fish and lamb are symbols of Christ
 The phoenix is the symbol of Resurrection

 The peacock is the symbol of Immortality through Christ
4. Portraits
 People have always been intrigued by the human face as an index of the owner’s
character. As an instrument of expression, it is capable of showing a variety of
moods and feelings.
 It is a realistic likeness of a person in sculpture, painting, drawing or print but it
need to be a photographic likeness. A great portrait is a product of a selective
process, the artist highlighting certain features and de-emphasizing others.
 It does not have to be beautiful but it has to be truthful.
 Besides the face, other things are worth noticing in portraits are the subject’s
hands, which can be very expressive, his attire and accessories for it reveals
much about the subject’s time.
 Statues and busts of leaders and heroes were quite common among the Romans
but it was not until the Renaissance that portrait painting became popular in
Europe.
 Many artists did self-portraits. Their own faces provided them unlimited
opportunities for character study.
5. Figures
 The sculptor’s chief subject has traditionally been the human body, nude or
clothed. The body’s form, structure and flexibility offer the artist a big challenge to
depict it in a variety of ways, ranging from the idealistic as in the classical Greek
sculptures to the most abstract.
 The grace and ideal proportions of the human form were captured in religious
sculpture by the ancient Greeks. To them, physical beauty was the symbol of
moral and spiritual perfection; thus they portrayed their gods and goddesses as
possessing perfect human shapes.
 Early Christian and medieval artists seldom represented the nude figure. The
figures they used to decorate the walls and entrances of their churches were
distorted so as not to call undue attention and distract people from their spiritual
thoughts.
 But Renaissance artists reawakened an interest in the nude human figure.
 A favorite subject among painters is the female figure in the nude.
6. Everyday Life
 Artists have always shown a deep concern about life around them. Many of
them have recorded in paintings their observation of people going about their
usual ways and performing their usual tasks.
 Genre Paintings – representations of rice threshers, cockfighters, candle
vendors, street musicians and children at play

7. History and Legend
 History consists of verifiable facts, legends of unverifiable ones, although many
of them are often accepted as true because tradition has held them so far.
Insofar as ancient past is concerned, it is difficult to tell how much of what we
know now is history and how much is legend.
 History and Legend are popular subjects of art.
 While many works may not be consciously done historical records, certain
information about history can be pieced from them. The costumes and
accessories, the status symbols, the kinds of dwellings or the means of
transportation.
 Malakas and Maganda and Mariang Makiling are among the legendary subjects
which have been rendered in painting and sculpture by not a few Filipino artists.
8. Religion and Mythology

 Art has always been a handmaiden of Religion. Most of the world’s religions
have used the arts to aid in worship, to instruct, to inspire feelings of devotion
and to impress and convert non - believers.
 The Christian Church commissioned craftsmen to tell the stories about Christ
and the saints in pictures, usually in mosaics, murals and stained glass windows
in churches. It also resorted to the presentation of tableaux and plays to preach
and teach.
 Some religions however, forbid the representation of divinity as human beings or
animal forms, although they allow the use of some signs or symbols in their
place.
 Pictures of God, human beings, or animals are forbidden in Judaism and
Islam because people might worship the images themselves
 Other religions have taught that a god may sometimes assume human or
other visible forms.
o Thus he is distinguished from human beings by a halo, wing, or a darker
complexion, or by the use of some attributes
o The ancient Egyptians portrayed their gods as part human and part animal
» The ancient African tribes distorted their god’s features
» Among the Hindus, Shiva is shown as a four-armed go d
» Buddha, is symbolized by his footprints, a wheel or a true
 In the early Christian world, representation of divinity were also symbolic. There
were precise conventions in rendering them. – The serpent has been used to
mean evil
 The Four Evangelists were represented by animal forms:
• St Luke by an Ox
• St John by an Eagle

• St Mark by a Lion
• St Matthew by a Winged Man
9. Dreams and Fantasies

 Dreams are usually vague and illogical. Artists especially the surrealists have
tried to depict dreams as well as the grotesque terrors and apprehensions that
lurk in the depths of the subsconscious.
 A dream may be lifelike situation.
 Therefore, we would not know if an artwork is based on a dream unless the
artist explicitly mentions it.
 But if the picture suggests the strange, the irrational and the absurd, we can
classify it right away as a fantasy or dream although the artist may not have
gotten from the idea of a dream at all but the workings of his imagination
 No limits can be imposed on an artist’s imagination.
Content in Art (Levels of Meaning)
1. Factual Meaning
- the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be directly
apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized
- the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted from the identifiable
or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate
to one another
2. Conventional Meaning
– refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has a particular culture
or group of people. Examples: Flag- symbol of a nation, cross for Christianity,
crescent moon – Islam
-pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, and
symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning
-this conventions are established through time, strengthened by recurrent use and
wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study them
3. Subjective Meaning
- any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the artist using a
private symbolism which stems from his own association of certain objects, actions
or colors with past experiences.
-when subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meanings may arise when a
particular work of art is read

-these meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come into
play when engaging with art (what we know, what we learn, what we experience;
what values we stand for)
- meaning may not be singular, rather, multiple and varied
Activity #1
Determine whether each statement is true or false.
____________1. Arts is the vehicle for the expression of artists’ feelings and ideas.
____________2. Works of art make us aware of our feelings, imaginations, and ideas
that we were not conscious of before.
____________3. Society can live without art.
____________4. Art is not related to the social aspect of our lives.
____________5. Art does not seek to influence people.
____________6. Paintings and sculpture aims to commemorate noteworthy members

of society.
____________7. The design of a building is not determined by its primary function.
____________8. Art has a physical function when it addresses aspects of (collective)

life as opposed to one person's point of view or experience.
____________9. Works of art are created to perform physical functions.
____________10. Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions.
Activity # 2
List at least five (5) Contemporary Filipino Artists and two (2) of their works.

Activity #3
Each student will collect colorful pages of old magazines and newspapers or any
recycled paper. He/she will make a paper collage inspired by one of the philosophical
importance of art. There is no right/wrong way to create an example of each
importance.
Activity #4
Give Me Four Pictures!
Using an online photo editor, the students will prepare a collage of 4 types of
pictures, then the students will tell the story of each one.
Picture Categories:
1. The last picture they posted on Facebook or Instagram

2. Their most recent profile picture on Facebook
3. The last picture they liked on Facebook or Instagram
4. The last picture they took, but didn’t post on any social media website
They are supposed to answer:

 When was the picture taken
 Where was it taken?
 What context was it?
 Why did you take/like that picture?
Activity #5
Funny Picture Caption
The teacher will show funny pictures and the students will come up with amusing
captions.
Activity #6
Differentiate representational from non-representational subject. Give examples

for each subject.

________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
Activity #7
Quick recall:
Sources of Subject Kinds of Subject
1. _____________________________ 8. _____________________________
2. _____________________________ 9. _____________________________
3. _____________________________ 10. _____________________________
4. _____________________________ 11. _____________________________
5. _____________________________ 12. _____________________________
6. _____________________________ 13. _____________________________
7. _____________________________ 14. _____________________________
15. _____________________________
Activity #8
Define the three (3) different levels of meaning and give your own example.
5 points each.
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.

________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.
Answers:
Activity #1
1. true
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. false
6. true
7. false

8. false
9. true
10. true
Activity #6
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. c
8. d
Activity #7
Sources of Subject
1. Nature
2. History
3. Greek and Roman Mythology
4. Judeo-Christian Tradition
5. Sacred Oriental Texts
6. Other Works of Art
Kinds of Subject
7. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes

8. Still Life
9. Animals
10. Portraits
11. Figures
12. Everyday Life
13. History and Legend
14. Religion and Mythology
15. Dreams and Fantasies

References
Noyer, Eileen. Retrieved from https://www.eileennoyer.com/post/exploring-the-

functions-of-art-lesson-plan-and-reflections
Pine,Ken Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/14874159/THE_SUBJECT_OF_ART_Meanings_Kind
s_and_Functions_of_Subject_Meanings_Kinds_and_Functions_of_Subject?auto
=download
https://cecilianobreelt.wordpress.com/2016/12/21/an-elt-picture-is-worth-a-thousand-
words-five-ideas-using-images-for-your-classroom/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_integrity#:~:text=Artistic%20integrity%20is%20gene
rally%20defined,aesthetic%20standards%20and%20personal%20values.
https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780190207038/stu_res/ch7/lev1/mcq/
https://gwenfox.com/2010/03/08/integrity-and-art/
https://valme.io/c/art/02qqs/integrity-and-art
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest136810-1438662-art-appreciation-
module-3-functions-of/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-arts
https://www.iep.utm.edu/m-aesthe/
https://www.iep.utm.edu/m-
aesthe/#:~:text=Radiance%20signifies%20the%20luminosity%20that,the%20me
dieval%20notions%20concerning%20light.&text=%E2%80%9CAll%20form%2C
%20through%20which%20things,divine%20clarity%20%5Bor%20light%5D.
https://www.google.com/search?q=aesthetics+of+art&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjO5v_E
wtjqAhXAxosBHWWYCocQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=aesthetics+of+art&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBggAEAgQ
HjIGCAAQCBAeMgYIABAIEB46BAgAEEM6BwgAELEDEEM6BQgAELEDOgQI

ABAYUILqBVjrrwZgnroGaABwAHgDgAH_DogB8kqSAREwLjUuMi4xLjAuMy4wL
jQuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEAwAEB&sclient=img&ei=k9ETX47
RGsCNr7wP5bCquAg&bih=576&biw=1366&hl=en
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/spirkin/works/dialectical-materialism/ch01-
s05.html
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-importance-of-proportion-in-art
http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/picture-worth-
thousand-words-116.html
https://www.slideshare.net/dennismarkdelacruz/functions-of-art
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-the-functions-of-art-
182414#:~:text=The%20functions%20of%20art%20normally,about%20these%20
functions%2C%20here's%20how.

Artist and Artisan

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
1. Define an artist’s or artisan’s medium and techniques;

2. Define the role of managers, curators, buyers, collectors, and art dealers in the
art world;
3. Differentiate between artist and artisan’s approach/technique toward a particular
medium;
4. Identify National and GAMABA artist’s notable works and their contribution to
society; and
5. Explain the three stages in the creative process.
What’s the difference between an artist and an artisan? This question is

comparable to the issue of what constitutes art and what is labeled as a craft.
ARTIST
The word “artist” is generally defined as an art

practitioner, such as a painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer, writer, poet, musicians and the like, who produces or creates
indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.
ARTISAN
An Artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter,

carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like, who produces directly
functional and/ or decorative arts.

Key Components on the Art Mark
The art market is an economic ecosystem that relies not only on supply and
demand but also on the fabrication of a work’s predicted future monetary and/or cultural
value.
The following are the important players in the market
Curator
A curator, who is a manager or overseer,

and usually a curator or keeper of a cultural
heritage institution (e.g, gallery, museum, library,
or archive), is a content specialist charged with an
institution’s collections, selecting art to be
displayed in a museum, organizing art exhibitions
in galleries or public places, researching artists,
and writing catalogs and involved with the
interpretation of heritage.
Art Buyer
An art buyer is a professional who is

knowledgeable in art, who may scout talents for
an advertising agency seeking to employ an art director , or who may look for an art for
a collector or company.
Art Dealer
An art dealer is a person or a

company that buys and sells works of art.
Art dealers often study the history of art
before starting their careers. They have to
underrstand the business side of the art
world. They keep up with the trends in the
market and are knowledgeable about the style of art that people want to buy.

The Creative Process
Robert Fritz, based on his book, enumerated the steps in the creative process,
and said that creating is a skill that can be learned and developed. Like any other skill,
we learn by practice and hands-on experience – we can learn to create by creating.
Three Stages in the Creative Process:
1. Germination (Idea)
It is the initial momnet when you conceive a new project in your life. It is a
moment with a lot of energy coming out of the future you envision. In the
germination stage, you are palnting the seeds of your creation.
2. Assimilation
It is a crucial step in the craetive process. During this phase you will
internalize and assimilate or incorporate the idea you want to create. Plan,
analyze it, and cultivate it with all the available resources.
3. Completion
Completion is the time to finish your project, to give in the final shape
before you present it to the audience. It is a difficult time because your energy
will be small and likely dispersed with a new vision.
Medium and Technique
Medium
It refers to the materials that are used by an artist to create a work of art. The
plural of medium is media. Without the medium, an idea remains a concept or it would
just dwell in the walls of the artist’s imagination. It is challenging to manipulate medium
and transformit from its raw state.
Technique
It refers to the artist’s ability and knowledge or technical know-how in

manipulating the medium. It is the manner by which the artist controls the medium to
achieve the desired effect; thus nit is the technique that ratists differ from one another.

PROCESS
-Tapping into the Skin thru a thorn end of a

calamansi Or pomelo tree
MEDIUM TECHNIQUE
- Ink mixture of charcoal - Batok (ancient
And water term
- Body as human - Hand tapping
canvass
PERSONS INVOLVED
Whang Od’s grand niece (Grace Palicas)

Tourist, Pilgrims, Trekkers

Recognition and Award for Artist and Artisan
1. Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA) National Living Treasure Award

The award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7335.
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA), which is the
highestbpolicy-making and coordinating body of the Philippines for culture and
the arts, was tasked with the implementation.
2. National Artists
National Artists of the Philippines
The Order of the National Artists is considered t be the highest national

recognition for individuals who contributed to the development of Philippines arts.
List of GAMABA Awardees 1
Lang Ginaw Bilog

Dulay
(+ 2003)
(+ 2015)
Hanunuo
Textile Mangyan
Weaver
Panaytayan,
T’boli Oriental
Mindoro
Lake
Sebu, 1993
South
Cotabato
1998

Masino Uwang
Intaray Ahadas
(+ 2013) Musician
Musician Yakan
and
Storyteller Lamitan,
Basilan
Pala’wan
Brookes 2000
Point,
Palawan
1993
Federico Samoan
Caballero Sulayman
Epic Musician
Chanter
Maguindanao
Sulod-
Bukidnon Mama sa
Calinog, Pano,
Iloilo
Mguindanao
2000
1993
Salinta Alonzo
Monon Saclag
Musician and
(+ 2009) Dancer
Textile Kalinga
Weaver Lubugan,
Kalinga
Tagabawa
Bagobo 2000
Bansalan,
Davao
1998

Quiz: Guess Who Made It?
Directions: Identify by putting a check on the appropriate column to tell whether the
work or form of art is made by an artist or an artisan or both.
Artwork/Artform Artist Artisan Both

1. Architecture
2. Basket weaving
3. Cake decorating
4. Calligraphy
5. Carpentry
6. Ceramics
7. Dance
8. Drawing
9. Embroidery
10. Filmmaking
11. Floral design
12. Glass etching
13. Interior design
14. Jewelry design
15. Knitting
16. Music
17. Needlework
18. Painting
19. Papier-mậchẻ
20. Photography
21. Printmaking
22. Quilting
23. Sculpture
24. Theatre
25. Wood carving

Activity: Artist Profile Chart
Direction: Fill in the column 2 with information requested on your chosen National Artist
of the Philippines or a GAMABA Awardee.
Artist Profile Information about the Artist
Name
Brief Bibliography
Education
Major Works
Awards
Style
Critical Reception
Rubric
Use the rubric below to assess the output and presentation of the students:
3 – The student accomplishes the artist’s information and explains the content of
his/her artist profile in a clear and consistent manner. There are no major grammatical
errors.

his/her artist profile and do so in a somewhat consistent manner.
1 – The student has difficulty in accomplishing the artist’s information in explaining the
content of his/her artist profile. There may be major grammatical errors.
0 – The student makes an attempt to accomplish the artist’s information, but the
explanation is without merit.
Activity: Artist Study
Directions: Choose 1 artist either local or foreign and fill in the chart with information
about your chosen artist.
My artist’s name is:
What are 3 interesting facts about my artist?
1.
2.
3.

How does his/her artwork make you feel?
Draw something that reminds you of your artist.
Rubric
Use the rubric below to assess the output and presentation of the students:
his/her artist study in a clear and consistent manner. There are no major grammatical
errors.
his/her artist study and do so in a somewhat consistent manner. There may be minor
grammatical errors.
1 – The student has difficulty in accomplishing the artist’s information and explaining
the content of his/her artist study. There may be major grammatical errors.

0 – The student makes an attempt to accomplish the artist’s information, but the
explanation is without merit.
Unit Quiz
Direction: Match each of the following terms with the correct definition.
A. Art F. Expressive Approach

B. Art Criticism G. Formal Approach
C. Artisan H. Mimesis
D. Artist I. Mimetic Approach
E. Craft J. Thematic Approach
_______1. A person engaged in activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
demonstrating an art.
_______2. A worker in a skill trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.
_______3. An activity involving skill in making things by hand.
_______4. It posits that everything necessary to comprehending a work of art is

contained within the work of art.
_______5. It shows that works of art are the expression of the author, as the description
of the author’s feeling and thought, or as the imagination products of the author who
works with perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.
_______6. The earliest way of judging any work of art in relation to reality whether the
representation is accurate (verisimilitude) or not
_______7. The imitation of life in art and literature.
_______8. The study of art categorized or classified by theme.
_______9. The discussion or evaluation of visual art.
_______10. The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,

typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be
appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.

Reference:
Books
Panisan, W. K., Fronda, J. D., Dacumos, S. S., Ulat, F. V., Magsino, M. S., Bacani, A.
C., & Cruz. L. B. (2019). Art Appreciation. Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Solmerano, E. M., Art Appreciation. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Electronic Sources
https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2017/10/10/indigenous-artists-national-living-
treasures.html
https://sorayasikander.com/tag/modern-and-contemporary/
https://visualartsdigital.wordpress.com/year-12-case-studies/ron-mueck/ron-mueck-
artists-practice/
https://www.mcnayart.org/visit/curator-tours
https://www.ehow.co.uk/info_12296027_art-buyer-job-description.html
https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/being-an-art-dealer/
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/meet-apo-whang-od-the-last-hand-
poke-tattoo-artist-in-the-philippines/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-
philippines/
Compiled by:
ELVIRA C. PRIETO, Ed.D.
Asso .Prof V
Gen.Ed. Faculty / URS Tanay Campus

HUMANITIES 1: ART APPRECIATION
Overview: Art Appreciation
Art is uniquely human and tied directly to culture. As an expressive medium, it
allows us to experience wide ranges of emotion, between joy or sorrow, or confusion
and clarity. It gives voice to ideas and feelings, connects us to the past, reflects the
present, and anticipates the future.
The term art appreciation is referred to the knowledge of the general and
everlasting qualities that classify all great art. It is seen used to refer to the exploration
of visual art forms or the introduction of basic principles of visual literacy. . Visual art is a
rich and complex subject, and its definition continuous as the culture around it
changes.
MODULE 4: ELEMENTS OF ART

Learning Outcome:
 Learn about the Elements of Art including: line, shape, form, value, color, space,
and texture
 Evaluate the elements in a variety of artworks to increase fluency in artistic
perception
 Create basic representations of the elements to develop confidence in creative
expression.
Introduction
The elements of art is the fundamental pieces that make up an artwork. Most
works of art will make use of many or all of the elements and principles of art. We often
judge art by how effectively the artist used these design fundamentals even before we
learn about them.
The elements of art are the building blocks of an artwork: color, line, shape, form,
value, texture, and space. They are the tools artists use when creating an art.
Below you’ll find an explanation of each of the elements of art, including artwork
examples and links to helpful materials for teaching the individual concepts.

The Element of the Point
The Element of the Point A point is the visual element upon which all others are
based. It can be defined as a singularity in space or, in geometric terms, the area where
two coordinates meet. When an artist marks a simple point on a surface, (also referred
to as the ground), they immediately create a figure-ground relationship. That is, they
divide the work between its surface and anything added to it. Our eyes differentiate
between the two, and their arrangement has everything to do with how we see a final
composition.
Images Showing Element of point http://www.saylor.org/courses/arth101b
Dots or points working together can form an endless variety of arrangement and
complexity. Then can become lines and curves. They can form complex shapes,
patterns, textures, and any other structure imaginable. Dots in combination can even
imply direction and movement, bringing us to lines.

The Element of the Line
The Element of Line Essentially, when you put two or more points together you
create a line. A line can be lyrically defined as a point in motion. There are many
different types of lines, all characterized by their length being greater than their width.
Lines can be static or dynamic depending on how the artist chooses to use them. They
help determine the motion, direction and energy in a work of art. We see line all around
us in our daily lives.
- If a line or lines is to added a series of lines at an angle and allowed to cross several
lines, this sense of depth is increased. It creates perspective.
- Thick lines placed close together create a thin line in the negative space between
them.
- This negative space line can often become the positive element and the original
lines are seen as the new negative space.
- Lines working together and in rhythm can form patterns and textures
Categories of Llines
 Actual lines are those that are physically present.
 Implied lines are those created by visually connecting two or more

areas together

Straight or classic lines provide structure to a composition. They can be
oriented to the horizontal, vertical or diagonal axis of a surface. Straight lines are
by nature visually stable, while still giving direction to a composition.
Expressive lines are curved, adding an organic, more dynamic character to a

work of art. Expressive lines are often rounded and follow undetermined paths.
Element of Shape
A shape is defined as an enclosed area in two dimensions. By definition shapes

are always implied and flat in nature. They can be created in many ways, the simplest
by enclosing an area with an outline. They can also be made by surrounding an area
with other shapes or the placement of different textures next to each other.
There are two categories of shapes: geometric and free-form. Free form shapes
are also referred to as organic.
 Geometric shapes are defined by name, through the contours that

make up that shape. These shapes are classified by name like circle,
square, rectangle, triangle, and so on. What makes geometric shapes
unique is that their contours can be described mathematically.

 Free-form shapes are generally irregular and uneven. One of the
reasons free-form shapes are considered organic is because these types
of shapes can be found in nature. Plant life, rock formations, clouds,
animals, and the human body are all considered to be free-form shapes.
Free Form Shapes

__________________________________________________________
 Static Shapes - Shapes that appear stable and resting.
______________________________________________________
 Dynamic Shapes - Shapes that appear to be moving and active.

Dynamic Shape
Element of Form
The Element of form, refers to a shape or three-dimensional volume that has or

gives the illusion of having weight, density or bulk. Notice the distinction between two
and three dimensional objects: a shape is by definition flat, but takes on the illusion of
form through shading with the elements of value or color. In three dimensions a mass is
an actual object that takes up space.
This element portrays the act or process of changing place or direction, orientation,
and/or position through the visual illustration of starting or stopping points, blurring of
action, etc.
Form is the physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies.
 Form can be representational or abstract.
 Form generally refers to sculpture, 3D design and architecture but may also
relate to the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface.

Images showing mass in art work
_________________________________________________________________
Element of Space
Space is one of the basic elements of art. It refers to the distance between or the area around
and within shapes, forms, colors and lines. Space can be positive or negative. It includes the
background, foreground and middle ground.
It is important to creating and understanding both two dimensional or three dimensional works
of art. With three dimensional art the space things occupy is real as is the space around object.
There are two types of space that exist within art — positive space and negative space.
Positive space is the actual objects or shapes within an artwork and negative space is
the space around and between those objects.
_______________________________________________________________________
Element of Value
Value is the relative lightness or darkness of a shape in relation to another. The value
scale, bounded on one end by pure white and on the other by black, and in between a
series of progressively darker shades of grey, gives an artist the tools to make these
transformations.

Categories of Values:
 Tint is adding white to a color paint to create lighter values such as light blue
or pink.
 Shade is adding black to a paint color to create dark values such as dark
blue or dark red.
 High-Key is a picture with all light value
 Low-Key is a picture with all dark values.
 Value Contrast is light values placed next to dark values to create contrast
or strong differences.
__https://drawpaintacademy.com/what-is-value-in-art/. ( slide presentation)
Element of Color
Color is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma
or intensity, and value. Color is present when light strikes an object and it is reflected back into
the eye, a reaction to a hue arising in the optic nerve .
Color is fundamental to many forms of art. Its relevance, use and function in a given
work depend on the medium of that work.
The Theory of Color
- The study of color in art and design often starts with color theory. Color theory
splits up colors into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The basic
tool used is a color wheel, developed by Isaac Newton 1966.
- Traditional Model Traditional color theory is a qualitative attempt to organize

colors and their relationships. It is based on Newton's color wheel, and continues
to be the most common system used by

- The primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. You find them equidistant from each
other on the color wheel. These are the "elemental" colors; not produced by
mixing any other colors, and all other colors are derived from some combination
of these three. ·
- The secondary colors are orange (mix of red and yellow), green (mix of blue and
yellow), and violet (mix of blue and red). ·
- The tertiary colors are obtained by mixing one primary color and one secondary
color. Depending on amount of color used, different hues can be obtained such as
red orange or yellow-green. Neutral colors (browns and grays) can be mixed
using the three primary colors together.
Color Theory
https://www.sensationalcolor.com/color-wheel/ ( slide presentation)
_________________________________________________________
Element of Texture
The Element of Texture is the tactile sense we get from the surface of a shape
or volume. Smooth, rough, velvety and prickly are examples of texture. Texture comes
in two forms: · Actual: the real surface qualities we perceive by running a hand over an
object · Visual: an implied sense of texture created by the artist through the
manipulation of their materials.
Texture in Three-Dimensional Art
Three-dimensional artwork relies on texture and you cannot find a piece of

sculpture or pottery that does not include it. Fundamentally, the materials used give a

piece of art texture. That may be marble, bronze, clay, metal, or wood, but this sets the
foundation for the work feels if it were touched.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com .
_______________________________________________________________
Texture in Two-Dimensional Art
Artists working in a two-dimensional medium also work with texture and the texture may
either be real or implied. Photographers, for instance, almost always work with the
reality of texture when creating art. Yet, they can enhance or downplay that through the
manipulation of light and angle.
Categories of Texture
 Real Texture is the actual texture of an object. Artists may create real
textures in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling
 Some things look like they are rough but are actually smooth.

________________________________________________________________
 Implied Texture in two-dimensional art is made to look like a certain

texture but in fact is just a smooth piece of paper. Like a drawing of a tree
trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper.
__ ASSESSMENT
Identification. Write the correct answer in the blank provided for each number.
_________1. This refers to the way something feels or looks as if they might feel
like something.
__________2. When lines meet to form an enclosed area this is formed.
__________3. This is an empty place or surface in or around a work of art. It can

be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, negative and/or positive.
___________4. This is the most basic element of art. It is used to form lots of
different things in art. It is the path of a dot through space.
___________ 5. This is the lightness or darkness of a colour.
___________6. They are three-dimensional—they have height, width and

thickness.
___________7. This is what we see as light waves are absorbed or reflected by
everything around us.

8. A Plan for selecting colours for a composition is also known as___________.
9. Colours are said to be contrasting if they are____________.
10. The art element that refers to the sense of touch is___________
Questions and Answers. Shade the letter of the correct answer.
1.The degree of lightness or darkness in a work of art is __________.

Discuss
o A. Color
o B. Shape
o C. Value
o D. Form
2.The response of vision to wavelengths of light is

_______________________.
Discuss
o A. Color
o B. Line
o C. Shape
o D. Space
3. A symbol of direction: the boundaries of shape is

______________________.
Discuss
o A. Form
o B. Line
o C. Texture
o D. Value
4. A 2-D area enclosed by a line that establishes contour is

__________________.
Discuss
o A. Space
o B. Form
o C. Color
o D. Shape
5. A shape that has or appears to have volume or looks 3-D is

___________________.

o A. Line
o B. Form
o C. Shape
o D. Space
6. The way an artwork feels or appears to the touch is

_______________________.
o A. Texture
o B. Space
o C.Value
o D. Color
7. Anything that is around and between forms, shapes and lines is

________________.
o A. Texture
o B.Space
o C.Shape
o D. Color
8.The primary colors are __________________.

o A. Red, Yellow and Orange
o B. Green, Orange and Violet
o C. Red, Yellow and Blue
o D. Green, Orange and Blue
9. The secondary colors are ______________.

o A. Red, Orange and Yellow
o B. Green, Blue and Orange
o C. Green, Blue and Violet
o D. Red, Yellow and Blue
10.Colors on the color wheel that are opposite each other are called
_________________.
o A. Primary
o B. Secondary
o C. Intermediate
o D. Complimentary
( https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=elements-art-quiz
Learning Activities
1. Draw a simple object using lines but no shading. Now, shine a bright light or flashlight
on the same object and experiment with shading. Compare the two results to see the
difference in dimensionality.

2. Take a sheet of paper and experiment with ways to create objects that appear to be
heavier than others, using different colors, placement, size etc. to see how you can
create implied mass.
References:
https://www.yundle.com/terms-definitions/a/art-appreciation
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-the-elements-of-art-182704
https://vanseodesign.com/web-design/points-dots-lines/
http://www.saylor.org/courses/arth101b
https://vanseodesign.com/web-design/points-dots-lines/
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01CIYDQ2MPRVxRiw2TVp_LDUvXBtg:1595664242
494&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=Images+showing+implied+line+in+art&sa=X&ved=2ah
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcTxiQ7Qb6Bs1r6uSI3KFmxW6JHqVnzDFgQelQ&usq
p=CAU
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/basic+geometric+shapes
https://www.incredibleart.org/files/elements.htm
https://www.dreamstime.com/abstract-design-showing-multiple-shades-blue-layers-dynamic-
shapes-enhanced-soft-orange-deep-black-modern-maybe-image106866976
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-texture-in-art-182468
https://www.dreamstime.com/abstract-design-showing-multiple-shades-blue-layers-dynamic-shapes-
enhanced-soft-orange-deep-black-modern-maybe-image106866976
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com.
https://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/visual-elements/visual-elements.html
http://teresabernardart.com/basic-art-element-
Compiled by:
ESPERANZA V. GRAN
Gen Ed (part time faculty)
URS Tanay

Humanities 1: Art Appreciation
Overview: Art Appreciation
This course is an exploration of visual art forms and their cultural connections for
the student with a little knowledge in the visual arts. It includes a brief study of art and
in depth studies of elements, media and methods used in creative processes and
thought.
This module explores the artistic principles, the means by which the elements in
a work of art are arrange and organized. This will also explores the artistic principles-the
means by which the elements in a work of art are arranged and orchestrated. They
include: visual balance, repetitio, scale and proportion, emphasis ,unity and variety.
MODULE 5: Principles of Design
Learning Objectives:
 Identify and distinguish how the principles of design apply in elements of
arts
 Define and discuss, visual elements and principles of design and their
use in art and visual communication.
 Explain the principles for using visual elements.
 Recognize and evaluate basic principles of design..

General Education outcomes :
 Critical Awareness- students will gather, a analyze,
synthesize and apply information.
 Cultural Awareness- students will compare, contrast and
interpret differences and commonalities among people, ideas
and aesthetic traditions.
 Interpersonal Skills- interacting collaboratively to achieve
common goals.

 Technology Skills- Using appropriate technology to retrieve,
manage, analyze and present information.
INTRODUCTION:
Principles of Design is a lesson that presents the five Principles of Design:

balance, rhythm, proportion and scale, unity and emphasis. The principles are the
manipulation of the design elements. They are used together to send a message about
both form and function of design objects.
The first way to think about a principle is that it is something that can be
repeatedly and dependably done with elements to produce some sort of visual in a
composition. The principles of design help you carefully plan and organize the elements
of art so that you will hold interest and command attention. This is sometimes referred
to as visual impact.
In this module you will learn about the differences between form and content and
be introduced to the basic elements and principles of design.
Delivery:
Principles of Design and how it Apply to Elements of Arts

 The elements and principles of design are the building blocks used to
create a work of art.
 Elements of Art are the visual “tools” that artists use to create an art
work -this is what we do with the elements- how we arrange them, how
we balance , what is being emphasized.
 Visual arts is based on elements and principles that, when used
together, create works that communicate ideas and meaning to the
viewer.
 The principles are based on sensory responses to visual input, it help
govern what might occur when particular elements are arrange in
particular way.
 Principle is that it is a way to express a value judgment about
composition of arts.
 The principle of design helps you to carefully plan and organize the
elements of art so that you will hold interest and command attention.
This sometimes referred to as visual impact.

Getting Into
What are the basic Principles of Design
Visual Balance- in visual communication refers to how the elements of art (

line, texture, form. Value, colors shape and space ) relate to each other, within the
composition in terms of their visual weight to create visual equilibrium .
-The artist arranges balance to set the dynamics of a composition.
Example: the work of Piet Mondrian- Revolutionary painting of the twentieth century
( Showing image by Christopher Gildow)
( Power point presentation showing visual balance in painting)
_-
Types of Visual Balance
1.Symmetrical balance-
-the exact or near matching of left and right sides of a three- dimensional form or a two-
dimensional composition.
-is the most visually stable, and characterized by an exact-or nearly exact compositional
design on either ( or both sides) of the horizontal or vertical axis of the plane picture.
Symmetry appeals strongly to us, because of the bilateral symmetry of the human body.

- artist use it to express dignity, stability and endurance. Because formal balance is so
predictable.
-Symmetrical allows you to draw attention to all areas of an image equally. Since this
form of design usually very structured and rigid in nature.
Symmetrical balance
Examples of work of Arts that Define symmetrical Balance

( flow of discussion is based on slide of images below)
 Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait 1940

 Diego Rivera, Flower Day, 1925
 Cimabue, Santa Trinita Madonna,1280-90
2.Asymmetrical Balance.
-occurs when you have different visual images on other side of a design, and yet
the image still balance.
- to be considred asymmetrical, design needs to have unequal visual weight
weight on the other side, but those unequal visuals needs to balance each other.
Sample Images of Asymmetrical Balance
Examples of art works that define asymmetrical balance:
 Caravaggio, The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, 1601-02

 Georges Seurat, A Sunday on la Grande Jatte 1884
 Edgar Degas , The Rehearsal 1877

3.Radial
- radial balance is a type of balance based on a circle with its design extending from
a center.
-this is a variation of symmetrical balance in which the elements are arranged

equally around a central point. Thus, radial has a strong focal point.
-radial balance is important if you’re looking to create a strong focal point, it is an

effective technique because your eyes are naturally drawn inwards to the center. Not
only do the swirls of the nautilus shell and spiral staircase provide visual interest, but
they also naturally lead your eye right to the center of the image.
Sample Images of Radial balance
Examples of art works that define radial balance:

 Gothic Rose Windows
 England, 17th Century, Charge of Charles II in the Boscobel Oak 1685
 Melozzo da Forli, St, Mark’s Sacristy 1480’s
Harmony- is the principle of art that creates cohesiveness by

stressing the similarities of separate but related parts.
- Specifically harmony uses the elements of art as a vehicle to create
a sense of togetherness amongst other wise separate.
-Harmony involves the selection/ design of elements that share a common

trait,
How do you Achieve Harmony in art
-harmony is achieved when all elements have unity and cohesion, giving a
sense of completion to an artwork. This does not mean that all elements

have to be the same , but they must relate to each other in a purposeful
way.
Sample images of Harmony
Example of work of art that define harmony ( instructor prepared slides)

 Claude Monet, Water Lilies 1916
 Pablo Picasso, The Old Guitarist 1904
 Claude Monet, The Japanese Bridge1899
Unity- is a measure of how well each element of your design works together. It
describes the overall design, and whether it’s components work to your message
to your reader.
together in harmony to communicate a single idea.
-Unity is the most important principle of design because it brings your design
together as one cohesive unit.
- unity as used in communication conveys the over all message that you want to
resonate with your audience.
How do you achieve Unity in Art
 Unity exist when your elements agree.

 Unity can be seen as the single most important goal of any design, to
make your whole design more than the sum of it’s parts.
 Use the design principles of repetition , alignment and proximity to add
visual unity to your design and use contrast to add variety and interest.
Why Unity is Important
 Unity holds your design together both visually and conceptually.
 It emphasizes your concept and theme and helps communicate.
 Through unity your elements aren’t competing with each other for
attention.

 Through unity your design will be seen a single complete piece, as a
whole and not a group of disparate part.
Sample images of Unity
Example of work of art that define Unity: ( flow of discussion using ppt)
 Gustav Klimt, The Kiss 1907
 Salvador Dali, Galatea of the Spheres 1952
 Rene Magritte, Golconda 1953
Emphasis- is defined as an area or object within the artwork that draws

attention and becomes a focal point.
-it is a strategy that aims to draw the viewer’s attention to specific design
element.
-the aim of emphasis is to create a focal point in the design: an eye catching part
that stands out, distinct from the rest of the design elements.
How to create areas of emphasis in your paintings
1.Contrast a shape with its surroundings.
2.Create a contrast of temperature.

3.Use a darker or lighter value
4.Focus attention with converging lines.
5.Isolate the object you want to emphasize.
6.Increase an object’s intensity of color.
Why Emphasis is Important

 Emphasis is used to attract the viewer’s attention to a particular area or
object.
 This is typically the focal point or main subject of the artwork. For instance,
in a portrait painting, the artist usually wants you to see the person’s face
first. They will use technique that this area is where your eyes attracted to
first.
Sample Images of Emphasis
Examples of work of art that define Emphasis. ( prepared slide for discussion
 Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise 1872
 Joaquin Sorolla, Research 1897
 Valintin Serov, Iphigenia in Tauris 1893
Rhythm- is defined as a strong, regular repeated pattern of movement

and sound. It.is created when one or more elements of design are used
repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement.
-Rhythm is achieved through linear elements, alternating elements. Gradation.
Types of Rhythm:
1. Random rhythm- repeating elements with no specific regular interval

creates random rhythms.
2. Regular rhythm - like the beating of a heart, the regular rhythm follows
the same intervals over and over again.
3. Alternating rhythm- repeat more than one element design.
Why is Rhythm Important to Artwork
 Rhythm creates some harmony and unity within a work of art. When
employed successfully, it has the ability to create expectation, anticipation
and even surprise.
 Rhythm creates some form of patenting that draws the eye directly to an
artwork’s focal point, and in the process helps the viewer determine the
key aspects central to the overall meaning of an artwork.
 Rhythm also gives the artists room to express themselves in a unique
way. Every artist has a distinct creative style and the manner in which
rhythm is created differs from one artwork to another.
 This makes the design easier and clearer to deduce meaning and as the
ideal tool for uniting the various elements within the artwork.
Sample Images of Rhythm
Examples of work of arts that define rhythm ( slide show presentation}

 Piet Mondarin, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1942
 Tughra ( Official Signature) of Sultan Sul
Proportion- refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements
in design. The issue is the relationship between objects , or parts of the
whole.. This means that it necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the
of the context of standard used to determine proportions.
- Proportion is the harmonious relationship between two or more

elements of scale, as example, if one element increase in size, the
remaining elements should also increase at the same rate to remain
proportionate,
Several ways in achieving proportion in painting
1. Place like elements together which are similar in character or

have a common feature.
2. Create major and minor areas in the design, as equal parts can
quickly become monotonous and boring,
3. Arrangement of space should be in such way that the eye does
not perceive a standard mathematical relationship
How Is Proportion Used in Design

The effective use of proportion in design is often referred to as
harmony, a relationship in which the various elements of the
composition appear as if they belong together in size and
distribution.
Why Proportion is Important in Artwork
 Proportion makes an objective difference in many works of art.

The importance of that difference is a subjective
determination.
 When the principle of proportion is applied to a work of art it is
usually in the in the relationship of the size. That is, the size of
one element as compared to the size of one element as
compared to the size of another related element within the
same composition.

Images Showing Proportion
VARIETY- is the principle of art that adds interest to an artwork.

- Refers to the use of different qualities or instances of the visual elements. It
is the opposite of repetitive or monotonous use of the elements.
- Variety adds interest by using contrasting elements within the composition.
Importance of Variety
Variety makes an artwork. It helps the artist project or invoke a feeling or
emotion, and reinforce the other elements of a design. It create a more
interesting and aesthetically pleasing outcome that improves the user’s
experience.

Sample Images of Variety
Some work of arts that define Variety:
1, Tom Thomson, Opulent October, Winter,1915
2. Claude Monet, The Palace of Westminster, The Fog Effect,1903
3. Camille Corot, The Gust of Wind, 1860
Repetition- is simply repeating a single element many times in a design. And

can be achieved by using repeated messages.
-it is similar to rhythm and helps create a sense of movement within an artwork.
- it is a recurrence of a particular line, pattern, shape and other visual elements in

a single or part of the series.
Why is Repetition Important
We use repetition to create a sense of unity and consistency throughout a

design. Repetition creates a particular style, creates cohesiveness , creates
emphasis, and strengthens a design.

Sample Image of Repetition
Assessment/ Reflection
I.A
1.How can we use the principles of design in our daily lives and creative endeavors?
Can being aware of these principles help us make judgments and decisions about
our surroundings?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2.The principle of design uses hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s
eye through and around the work of art. Cite 2 examples of principles of design and
explain why these are important to artwork?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3.Proportion gives feeling of unity when all parts relate well with each other. How
Do you achieve proportion in painting or plane work of art?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.How to achieve rhythm in an artwork?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
B. Learning Activities
Use colored pencils and your pencil to demonstrate your knowledge of the
principles of design. Create an interesting composition in each block using the element
in bold type.
6. Balance: show an example of formal-symmetrical balance.
7. Unity: show unity and variety through the use of color, line and shape.
8. Emphasis: show emphasis through the use of color.
9. Proportion: show proportion using man made object
10. Radial balance: draw an image that shows radial balance
II. Multiple Choice: Box the letter of the correct answer
1.What is balance?
a. The distribution of elements in an artwork
b. A feeling of stability or equilibrium in an artwork
c. A feeling of motion in an artwork
d. The feeling expressed in an artwork
2. What does proportion mean?
a. The overall size of an artwork
b. The path the eye follows in an artwork

c. The way the space is used in an artwork
d. The relative size of a part to a whole or one object to another.
3. Repetition in artwork is:
a. A feeling of stability in an artwork
b. sense of scale in an artwork
c. using an element over and over again
d. over all pattern and texture
4. Unity in an artwork means:
a. feeling of wholeness or completeness
b. a feeling instability
c. a feeling of motion
d. a feeling of stability and equilibrium
5. Which of the following is not a type of balance?
a. transient
b. symmetrical
c. asymmetrical
d. radial
What principle of design shown in the picture?

6. 7.
a. unity c. rhythm a. harmony c. balance
b. emphasis d. proportion b. rhythm d. unity
8. 9.
a. unity c. harmony a. proportion c. rhythm
b. rhythm d. balance b. unity d. variety
10.
a. proportion c. variety
b. balance c. rhythm

References:
Books
Solmerano, E M., Art Appreciation.Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Electronic Sources
https://artclasscurator.com/principles-of-design-examples/
https://www.slideshare.net/PaigePrater/art-appreciation-principles-of-art-unity-variety-
balance-scale-proportion
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-the-principles-of-art-definition-
examples.html
https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/emphasis-a-principle-of-art#:
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-emphasis-in-art-182434
https://drawpaintacademy.com/emphasis/
Compiled by;
ESPERANZA V. GRAN
Asso.Prof.I
Gen. Ed. ( part time Faculty)
URS Tanay Campus


HUMANITIES MODULE 1 To 5

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MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMANITIES 1t

At the end of the lesson the student shall be able to

ART HISTORY VERSUS ART APPRECIATION

URS-IM-AA-CI-0166 Rev 00 Effective Date: August 24, 2020

Some generalization about art..(What is art?)

CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION AND THE EXPRESSION IN ART

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1. Visual Arts (2D,3D)

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Assignment: Go to You Tube-Five 16 Film Festival Art Appreciation. After

Solmerano,ET.M,(2019)Art appreciation,Books Aibp,Publishing

https://en.em.wikipedia.org Retrieved July 18,2020

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College of Education, URS Cainta

Master of Arts in Teaching – URS Morong

Currently taking up Doctor of Philosophy Major in

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the function, content, and philosophical import of art

2. Determine the type, kind, and source of subject of art

3. Develop the skill in analyzing various elements of art

URS-IM-AA-CI-0166 Rev 00 Effective Date: August 24, 2020

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These—in addition to the time period, location of creation, cultural influences,

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Art has a social function when it addresses aspects of (collective) life as

For example, public art in 1930s Germany had an overwhelming symbolic

Additionally, satire performs social functions. Spanish painter Francisco Goya

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An artist may create a piece out of a need for self-expression or gratification.

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Determining the Function of Art

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You may also watch this videos:

For other functions of arts, you may watch this video:

Philosophical Importance of Art

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 Always painting with passion

Proportion refers to a the relative size of objects, a ratio between parts or

Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci

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Radiance signifies the luminosity that emanates from a beautiful object,

St. Thomas Aquinas

The Subject of Art

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1. Landscapes, Seascapes, and Cityscapes

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8. Religion and Mythology

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9. Dreams and Fantasies

Content in Art (Levels of Meaning)

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Determine whether each statement is true or false.

____________3. Society can live without art.

____________4. Art is not related to the social aspect of our lives.

____________5. Art does not seek to influence people.