1

The Most Preferred Clothing Shop of Senior High School Students in Selected Schools:
Thrift Shops vs. Ready-to-Wear Shops

A Research Introduction to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department of

Riverside College, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2

Dunton, Ella Mae

Francisco, Joyce Ann

Gregory, Bethanie

Pura, Maricar

Senadre, Erchel Suzanne

Talaboc, Grace Raquel

Tapi-on, Angelica

August 2017
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Abstract

The overall purpose of this study was to open the awareness and give additional knowledge to the
public about the shopping behavior of the teenagers. The researchers observed that there were
different preferences that are applied by the customers in buying apparels. Also, as what they have
found out, the customers were facing difficulty in arriving at a decision to select a store format. In
line with this, they investigated about the most preferred shops between Thrift Shop and Ready-
to-wear Shops in which of these two common choices were most preferred by the customers prior
in buying apparels. The researchers had found out in which of the two choices has the biggest
number of customers. The researchers used survey research as their research design and conducted
it among 150 Senior High School students in University of St. La Salle, La Consolacion College
and Riverside College Inc. Senior High Schools were chosen to be the respondents of this research
study since they were more active in purchasing clothes compared to the older generations. The
results showed that between the two shops that was surveyed, Ready-to-wear shops is the most
preferred shops compared to Thrift Shop by the Senior High School Students. 63% of them has
preferred to purchase garments in a Ready-to-wear Shops. In line with these, most of the
respondents prioritized the importance of quality followed by design, price and convenience in
purchasing. Whereas, 37% of the respondents has chosen the Thrift Shop as to where the place
they want to purchase their garments. Knowing that the Thrift Shop sells products cheaper than
Ready-to-wear Shops, hence prices highly varies from the retail prices from ready-to-wear shops
than the prices from thrift shops. This study is helpful to the owners prior to their business as this
will help them focus on the least important factor that the respondents have marked. This will help
motivate them to continue to improve or upgrade their operations. This is also beneficial to the
young entrepreneurs for it will help them decide on what business they want to involve to.
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Acknowledgement

The researchers express their deepest gratitude to the people who participated and helped
in the completion of this Research Study. The group sincerely appreciate and gratefully
acknowledge the following:

Mr. Kevin Tambien

To the group’s research teacher, who always help and motivate the group to do more and
to do well. The researchers would like to thank you for not getting tired of helping and teaching
the group some new ideas for them to put in the research papers.

Mr. Roberto Eduardo Buena

To the group’s research adviser, the researchers would like to thank you for being there
whenever the group needed someone to check on their research papers. For mentoring and
motivating us in times when we are about to give up.

Mr. Zammy Maculob, Mr. Ryan Villasis, and Miss Jaira Magsadia

To the group’s research validators. Without your critics, the research papers of the group
may not be much reliable and strong enough to defend the study. Thank you for all the critics, the
researchers truly appreciate it.

To all the Senior High School Students from the selected schools

Thank you so much for participating and cooperating in the group’s research study. Without your
cooperation the research would not be possible and reliable. Your cooperation is highly
appreciated.
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List of Figures

Figure 1, Senior High School Students Shop Preference 23

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List of Tables

Table 1, Ready-to-wear Shops 25

Table 2, Thrift Shops 26

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Table of Contents

Page

Abstract i

Acknowledgment ii

List of Figures iii

List of Tables iv

Introduction

Background of the Study 8

Statement of the Problem 9

Theoretical Framework 10

Conceptual Framework 10

Significance of the Study 12

Scope and Limitations 13

Definitions of Terms 14

Review of Related Literature 17

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Methods

Research Design 20

Research Participants 20

Research Instrument 21

Data Collection Procedures 21

Data Analysis 22

Results and Discussions 23

Conclusion

Conclusions 27

Recommendations 28

Reference List 29

Appendices 33

Questionnaires
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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Teenagers nowadays are much more active when it comes to purchasing clothes than the

past generations. Teenagers’ allowances are mostly spent in buying clothes they like. Wood

(1998) stated that the main interest for many teenager is fashion and following the right trends.

Motives behind the purchases of clothing by teenagers tend to be, as much as to have fun, to

desire and to be accepted and to be part of a group. In addition, clothing lines are now rampant,

which leads to having a preferred shop. Based on this observations, researchers wants to ask

Senior High School Students, specifically the students of University of St. La Salle-Bacolod, La

Consolacion College-Bacolod, and Riverside College Inc., on what shop do they prefer to

purchase their clothes? Is it from the Thrift Shops? Or from the Ready-to-Wear Shops? To know

the population difference, in percentage form, of students who choose between Thrift Shops and

Ready-to-Wear Shops.

Customers are facing difficulty in arriving at a decision to select a store format from the

different types of store formats available in the retail market such as grocery stores,

supermarkets, discount stores, mega stores, and hypermarkets (Popkowski et al., 2004). The

customers’ decision to choose a retail store for their shopping depends on various factors.

Primarily, the store image is correlated to the store choice (Doyle, 1974). Various other factors

like price, quality of merchandise, assortment, atmosphere, store location may affects the

preferences of the customers (Bearden, 1977). The availability of different brands under one roof
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and various other facilities are very much vital and the opinion of the customers on these

facilities varies while arriving at purchase decision.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the store preference, Thrift Shops or Ready-to-Wear Shops, of

Senior High School Students in selected schools in Bacolod City when it comes to purchasing

garments. As well as to know how much, in percentage, of the Senior High School Students

prefer Thrift Shops and Ready-to-Wear Shops. And what is the most common factor that

students focuses when purchasing their clothes? In addition, the researchers wants to know

which of the two shops has the biggest number of customers.

This study will focus on the following research questions:

1. How many of the Senior High School Students in selected schools prefer buying their

clothes from a Ready-to-Wear Shop?

2. How many of the Senior High School Students in selected schools prefer buying their

clothes from a Thrift Shop?

3. Which of the two stores, Thrift Shop and Ready-to-Wear Shop, is more popular to the

Senior High School Students?

4. What are the most common factors Senior High School Students consider when shopping

for clothes in Thrift Shops? In Ready-to-Wear Shops?

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Theoretical Framework

This part of the study states that teenagers that purchase products encounter different

customer handling depending on what store they buy on. There are two (2) articles that can

strongly support the research study.

The store ambiance is crucial to the customers, according to the Management Study

Guide (2008), "The store ambiance plays an important role in attracting new customers and

retaining existing ones.” The store must have a pleasant smell, customers won’t enter the store if

there are foul smells. It should be well lit and ventilated for the customers to enjoy shopping.

Lastly, the market segmentation, based on Management Study Guide (2008) “It is a marketing

concepts which divides the complete market set up into smaller subsets comprising of customers

with a similar taste, demand and preference”. Each individuals from the same segment responds

in a similar way to the fluctuations in the market.

Conceptual Framework

Researchers provided two (2) choices of Shop and that are the Ready-to-wear Shops and

Thrift Shops. In line to this, researchers gives four (4) major factors that could affect the

preference of the Senior High School Students of selected schools in Bacolod City in choosing

between the Thrift Shops and Ready-to- wear Shops:

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The shops between Thrift Shops and Ready-to-wear Shops can be affected by the

Quality, Design, Price, and Convenience. The preference of the customers can vary with the

clothes’ quality. It is the durability, the well-craftiness of the piece, and how high is the quality

of the fabric. The design of the garment may also affect the preference of the customers. On how

the design meets the expectation of the customers or simply meets the customer’s desired design.

Most of the customers wants a less expensive products, price can give a great impact to the

preference of the customers. Lastly, is the convenience, it is the wide array of choices and the

availability of the products that shop offers.

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Significance of the Study

This research study aims to identify the importance and the benefits to the following:

Ready-To-Wear (RTW) Shop Business Owners

This study is beneficial to the owners of Ready-To-Wear Shop Businesses since the

owners could have gain knowledge or information through the results of the survey that has been

conducted by the researchers. Thus, the owners could either improve or maintain the operation of

their businesses since they would be aware of the comments/feedbacks and most especially, the

perception of the customer which is conducive in managing a business.

Thrift Shop Business Owners

This study is beneficial to the owners of the thrift shop business, wherein the information

gathered would be used as guide in knowing if there are still customers who would prefer buying

on thrift shops rather than Ready-to-wear Shops. By this statement, the owners could also upo

grade or change their business performance.

Senior High School Students

This study could be beneficial to Senior High School Students since a lot of the apparel

purchasers are in the midst of ages 16-20 years old which is more likely the Senior High School

Students. Also, the Senior High School Students could get to know the allotted budget for the

clothes that they are interested to purchase with.

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Other Customers

This study will also be beneficial to other customers, not only on teenagers around

Bacolod City. It could also help them to budget their allowance or salaries because most of the

time, half of their money goes to their preferred clothes. They could gain some knowledge on

where to buy their clothes that could fit their insights.

Scope and Limitation

The study will focus on the shop preference, Thrift Shops and Ready-to-wear Shops, of

the Senior High School Students of University of St. La Salle-Bacolod, La Consolacion College

and Riverside College Inc. when it comes to purchasing garments. What could be their possible

reasons in choosing the certain shop. The respondents of this study are the Senior High School

Students of University of St. La Salle-Bacolod, La Consolacion-Bacolod and Riverside College

Inc. because they are more active when it comes to purchasing clothes. While the beneficiaries of

this research are those Thrift Stores and Ready-to-wear Stores whose business is focused on

selling clothes in Bacolod City Area. This will be useful to them because they will know the

perceptions of the students in choosing a shop. This research will be using a survey

questionnaire as their research instrument. Researchers are going to provide a survey

questionnaires to be given to every respondents throughout the survey. The estimated time to

finish this research study was about 8-10 months.

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Definition of Terms

In this section, the researchers explained certain terms that can be found within the

study. This is to clarify and give relevant definitions with respect to the study. It also aims to

give additional knowledge to the readers and to the researchers as well.

Convenience. Convenience focuses on the consumer convenience orientation, examining why

some consumers are more likely than others to purchase convenience-related goods and services.

Product classification schemas also incorporated the convenience goods category (e.g., Bucklin

1963; Murphy and Enis 1986). Thus, in early marketing usage, “convenience” denoted the time

and effort consumers used in purchasing a product rather than a characteristic or attribute of a

product (Brown 1990). Focusing on resources such as time, opportunity, and energy that

consumer give up to buy goods and services, some researchers began to view convenience as an

attribute that reduces the nonmonetary price of a product (Etgar 1978; Kelley 1958; Kotler and

Zaltman 1971).

In this study, the word convenience means as the wide array of choices and the

availability of the products in the market or in the shops.

Design. It is an arrangement of lines or shapes created to form a pattern or decoration. The look

and functioning of garment, typically by making detailed drawing of it.

Operationally, the design is the art or pattern of the garment and on how the design meets

the expectation of the customers and the consumer’s desire.

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Price. By the price of a thing we shall henceforth understand its value in terms of money: by the

value or exchange value of a thing, its general power of purchasing: the command which its

possession gives over purchasable commodities in general.

In this research study, the word price is the affordability of the product to its customers. It

may be the value of the piece to the market.

Quality. The term quality is related closely to, but not the same as, other concepts used to

describe technical superiority of a product. Garvin (1983) discusses product-based quality and

manufacturing-based quality. Product-based quality refers to amounts of specific attributes or

ingredients of a product. While manufacturing-based quality involves conformances to

manufacturing specifications or service standards.

Operationally, it is about the durability, the well-craftiness of the garments. In addition, it

may be differentiated on how high is the fabric of every garment.

Ready-to-wear (RTW) Shops. Ready-to-wear clothing is designed to provide consumers with

pre-assembled apparel, in a range of standard sizes, designed to fit the average consumer. By this

definition, people whose measurements are not within the average-size will experience difficulty

with fit, either in part or in totality, when wearing standard size clothing (Shim & Kotsiopulos,

1990).

In this study it is defined as a store where you can buy clothes in a good quality and

affordable product to the customers. The items there are made in a standard size and not made
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for particular person. Ready-to-wear product is well-known to the community. In addition, most

of the customers of Ready-to-wear are teenagers.

Thrift Shops. According to Parsons (2002) are stores that sell gently-used donated goods where

the profits are used for charity. Merchandise that cannot be re-sold is recycled. By

simultaneously generating profit, helping those in need, and recycling waste, Thrift stores are

well-positioned for triple bottom line success now and in the future.

In this study, it is known as the second-hand shop. A place that sell used clothes and

other items like bags, shoes and etc. In this shop the price is affordable to the customers but the

items are not brand new. The items found in thrift stores are items that is second hand and the

other example of thrift items are rummage.

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Review of Related Literature

In this section, the researchers discussed the different information from articles, books

and internet. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are

relevant and similar, and which was used as a reference for the completion of this present study.

Thrift Shops

Thrift Shop sells used garments in a cheap price. According to Bardhi (2003), thrift shop

is “shopping that takes place in second-hand setting, such as garage sales and thrift shops”. Price

is important for the customers because even if they like the item, but unfortunately at some point

they cannot afford such, it will be just useless. (Blattberg et al., 1978; Lastovicka Et al, 199)

states that in marketing, thrift is studied from an economic perspective, that is, in terms of

budgets, transaction costs, savings, careful spending and management money. EV Sagarino

(2013), stated to their study that has conducted to 388 purposively chosen respondents whole

bulk is composed of 16-20 years old (55%) and students (58%), results has revealed that

affordability is the major factor why the respondents bought from “ukay-ukay” or thrift shops

and this could be attributed to their low level of monthly family income – estimating below ten

thousand pesos and not yet earning their own money because they are still studying.

According to (Shannon Zhao, 2017) going on a Thrift Shop is quite possibly the most

rewarding shopping experienced due to its effect to simulating "treasure hunting". Thrift shops

attract shoppers from all financial background. Fashion bloggers strive set new clothing trend to

avoid looking like everyone else. And thrift stores can provide a great solution in giving

everyone unique style with one of a kind pieces in affordable prices. But many customers are
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afraid that the clothes that sold in the thrift shops might be dirty and carried diseases from

previous owners because the owners of the store don't cleaned it properly.

Considerations

The price of the products affects the buying behavior of a customer. In either case a

change in price could produce unexpected results when it comes to consumer buying behavior.

According to Louise Balle (2017), “setting a lower price than the expected can have a different

set of effects on a consumer. In one case, a price-conscious consumer is grateful for a price break

and will possibly stock up on the item at the low price. In other case, the consumer could become

suspicious of the low price and assume it mean the product is of a lower quality.” Due to the

potentially unexpected effects of price on consumers, it is important to set the right price from

the start.

Senior High School Students

Senior High School students or the “later aged female teen” were chosen to be the

respondents since according to Susan Lee and Robert M. Consenza (2002), “it was found out that

a typical later aged female teen was born to shop. Making the right choice, especially for her

clothing, is important both from a social affiliation and a social influence position”. This group is

more conscious in their fit, look and style which tends to be the most important attribute to

consider in apparel choice and later aged female teens wanted excitement in their shopping

venue.
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Synthesis

The results of this study offer useful additional insights into the fashion consciousness of

the consumer and as well as to the business owners of Thrift Shop and Ready-to-wear Shops.

The framework provided in this study helps managers in clothing industry respond to fashion-

conscious segment better. Knowing the profile of consumers might enable them design products

better, and develop more effective product positioning and promotional strategies. However, at

some point they must consider the price since it is one of the factor in releasing the offering of

products to make sure to set a price that consumers are comfortable with, while providing with a

profit that meets or exceeds the goals. In addition, Senior High School students who are chosen

to be the respondents belongs to the age bracket between 18-25 years old which are considered

to be the “later aged female teen” who are more pays more attention in shopping clothes or

garments.
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METHODS

In this section, the researchers will introduce about the methods they will use in

collecting their data and how they choose their respondents. The research design, research

instruments and data collection procedures will also be included in this chapter.

Research Design

This study will be using a Survey Research design for the researchers sees that it will fit

their research study. In a comparative study, the researchers would tend to collect information in

various ways through mail, online or even in face-to-face interviews. The researchers usually go

through some interviews from the owners and customers of Thrift Shops and Ready-To-Wear

(RTW) Shops to gather information. Hence, it best describes the content and significance of a

Survey Research. The researchers tend to determine the customer' choice of shops through

giving questionnaires. Thusly, the answers of the respondents will be included in making the

research study.

Research Respondents

The target population of this study will be the Senior High School Students in the

selected schools, namely; La Consolacion - Bacolod, University of St. La Salle - Bacolod and

Riverside College Inc., ages 16-20 years old. The total number of respondents will be at least

150 students in number and researchers will be using the quota sampling in choosing the

respondents. They were chosen as respondents for the reason that they are active when it comes
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in purchasing clothes. Moreover, their generation is evidently updated to the trends in fashion.

And also, the researchers aims to receive reliable answers from their respondents that is

conducive to their research findings.

Research Instruments

According to Paharoo (2006), quantitative data are collected to classify and describe

attributes, behaviors and activities of population. Data collection should be objective, systematic,

and repeatable (Lacey, 2010). The researchers decided that the research instrument that they will

be using is the Survey Questionnaires. Survey is a method to gather data that is used to interpret

and analyze the preferences of people from a target population. The researchers utilize survey

questionnaires as their research instrument because by the used of this it can acquire statistically

personal information from individual. The survey questionnaires are in a form of close ended

questions. It would be easier for the researchers to compare the given data.

Data Collection Procedure

This research study will be using a primary data collection for researchers will be

handing out survey questionnaires and will gather the data personally.

Pre-Data Collection

1. The researchers will identify the suitable respondents for the research study.

2. The researchers will decide when will be the survey held.

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Data Collection

1. The researchers will gather data of their respondents by letting them answer the question in

questionnaires.

2. Researchers will be finish the gathering of data in a short period of time.

Post Data Collection

1. The researchers will analyze what is the most prefer shop by Senior High School Student of

selected schools, is it Thrift Shops or the Ready-to-wear Shops?

2. Researchers will know why do they prefer to purchase in that store?

3. Researchers will evaluate the answer in an appropriate statistical tool.

Data Analysis

As the researchers utilized the Survey Questionnaires as their research instrument since it

could acquire statistically personal information from an individual through asking their

preferences when it comes to purchasing apparels. In order to acquire the appropriate results of

the survey, researcher sums up the total number of answers for each questions and get the

average. The researchers have found out that among the 150 respondents, 63% of them preferred

to purchase in a RTW Shops or Ready-to-wear Shops. Thus, they considered the importance of

quality and followed by the design, price and convenience respectively. Few chose Thrift Shops

as to where the place they want to purchase garments since there were only 37% who preferred

Thrift Shops over Ready-to-wear Shops. Hence, the respondent states that the price highly varies

from the retail prices over Ready-to-wear Shops that could make them spend less through buying

from Thrift Shops.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Research Study is entitled “The Most Preferred Clothing Shop of Senior High

School Students in Selected Schools: Thrift Shops vs. Ready-to-wear Shops. This study will

focus on the Senior High School students of University of St. La Salle, La Consolacion College-

Bacolod and Riverside College Inc. Senior high school students are strictly the main respondents

of this study, since according to the study of the Age and Factors Influencing Consumer

Behavior by Catherine Herve and Etienne Mullet (2009), the ages between 18-25 years old are

most likely to have the highest number of purchasers from clothing shops.

Most of the Senior High School Students, in selected schools, 63% of them has preferred

to purchase garments in a Ready-to-wear Shops. In line with these, most of the respondents

prioritized the importance of design, price and convenience in purchasing.

Senior High School Preference: Ready to Wear Shop and Thrift Shops

Shop Preference

37%

Thrift Shops
63% Ready-to-Wear Shops

Figure 1, Senior High School Students Shop Preference

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Students from selected schools mostly preferred the Ready-to-wear Shops. As what figure
2 shows, 46% of the respondents has chosen the convenience as the most common factor when it
comes to purchasing clothes.

Based on the figure 1, it shows that 37% of the respondents has chosen the Thrift Shop as
to where the place they want to purchase their garments. Knowing that the Thrift Shop sells
products cheaper than Ready-to-wear Shops, hence prices highly varies from the retail prices from
ready-to-wear shops than the prices from thrift shops. Out of the given common factors the
researchers has provided, 56% of the students selected price as the extremely important factor.

Common Factors Affecting Students Shop Preference

Ready to Wear Shops

Based on figure 1, 63% of the Senior High School Students from selected schools mostly

preferred to purchase on Ready-to-wear Shops. In line to this, table 1 shows that 46% of the

respondents has chosen the quality as the most common factor when it comes to purchasing

clothes.

The most common factor the students has chosen is the quality. It is the durability of the

garment, the well craftiness and on how high is the quality of the fabric. The table shows that

Senior High School Students are more attentive in the quality of the fabric compare to the other

factors.
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Table 1. Ready-to-Wear Shops = 95 Students

Factors Mean Verbal Interpretation

Quality 4.22 Extremely Important

Design 4.14 Very Important

Price 4.08 Very Important

Convenience 4.15 Very Important

Thrift Shops

Based on table 2 it shows that 37% of the respondents has chosen the Thrift Shop as to

where the place they want to purchase their garments. Knowing that the Thrift Shop sells

products cheaper than Ready-to-wear Shops, hence prices highly varies from the retail prices

from ready-to-wear shops than the prices from thrift shops. Out of the given common factors the

researchers has provided, 56% of the students selected price as the extremely important factor.

Students who prefers to shop in a Thrift Shop has marked the price as the most common

factor when purchasing garments. The prices of the products are affordable and they may receive

discounts. And based on the data in table 2, the least important factor is the design. It shows that

price is extremely important for the Senior High School Students who have chosen the Thrift

Shop.
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Table 2, Thrift Shops = 55 Students

Factors Mean Verbal Interpretation

Quality 4.02 Very Important

Design 4 Very Important

Price 4.31 Extremely Important

Convenience 4.11 Very Important

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CONCLUSION

Summary of the Study

The preferences of the Senior High School Students can be differentiated according to

their purchasing habit. The respondents were given two alternatives to choose from; Thrift Shop

and Ready-to-wear Shops and according to the survey that was conducted last January 2018 by

the researchers it has been concluded that Ready-to-wear Shops are the most preferred clothing

shops by the Senior High School Students from La Consolacion-Bacolod, University of St. La

Salle-Bacolod and Riverside College Inc. In line with this, quality is highly considered to be the

most common factor that affects the buying behavior of the respondents of Ready-to-wear Shops.

The results of this study can help the owners prior to their business as this will help them

focus on the least important factor that the respondents have marked and this will help motivate

them to continue to improve or upgrade their operations, at some point. Also, this could benefit

the ones who are planning to start their own clothing business, since the result of this study is

said to be relevant and crucial when evaluating the preferences of the customers themselves.

Conclusion

Based on the results, Senior High School Students would prefer purchasing their clothes

on a Ready-to-wear Shops than purchasing in a Thrift Shop. The buying behavior of the

respondents vary on where store they purchase. In table 2, it indicates that price may affects the

consumer’s buying behavior. Therefore, lowering or initially setting a low price in selling clothes

could help the apparel stores to have a successful and profitable operation in their business.
 28

Where as in table 1, it have shown that quality is one of the major factors that may influence the

students in buying apparels.

Recommendations

Based on the study and analysis of the answers in the questionnaires and personal

searching of problem, this paper provides the following recommendations related to the study.

 The researchers wants to recommend the shop owners to improve their service and based

their operation prior to the results of the study.

 To continue the operation of Ready-to-wear Shops, since they can see that there are more

customers who patronize their shop.

 To adjust the prices of the clothing shops, since affordability is one of the major factor

why some customers tend to purchase in the Thrift Shop.

 To enhance the operation of the business.

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Reference List

- Wood (1998) “Teenage girls age 13 to 15 and their impulse consumption of clothes”

https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/25697/1/gupea_2077_25697_1.pdf

- Management Study Guide (2008) “Organizational Management”

http://managementstudyguide.com/organization-management.htm

- Popkowski et al. (2004)

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3976102561/store-choice-understanding-the-

shoppers-preference

- Doyle (1974)

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3976102561/store-choice-understanding-the-

shoppers-preference

- Bearden (1974)

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3976102561/store-choice-understanding-the-

shoppers-preference
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- Ayantunji Gbadamosi (University of East London UK)

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/13612021211203005

- American Psychological Association

http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx

- Colman, A. M. (2006)

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=XxGbsjKjPZsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=bibliogrou

p: %22Oxford+Reference%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqwr3qoMrWAhVGTbwKH

QITDmIQ6AEILjAC#v=onepage&q&f=false

- Dr. Kesiraju Ramprasad

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/PreethamPreetu/perception

- Parsons (2002)

http://www.mmaglobal.org/publications/MMJ/MMJ-Issues/2010-Fall/MMJ-2010-Fall- Vol20-

Issue2-Mitchell-Montgomery-pp94-107.pdf
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- Shim & Kotsiopulos (1990)

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfecs/article/download/52817/41420

- Paharoo (2006)

http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/69918/

Critiquing%20Qual%20Research%20280307.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

- Lacey (2010)

http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/69918/Critiquing%20Qual%20Research%2028030

7.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=

- Kertzer (1989)

https://www.uni-erfurt.de/mitarbeiterservice/suche/?q=Age+means&id=43519&L=0

- Michael Hardt

http://www.michael-hardt.com/PDF/lectures/design-definition.pdf
 32

- Brown (1990)

http://www.dhruvgrewal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2002-JM-SERVICE-

CONVENIENCE-MODEL.pdf

- John R. Commons

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0743-4154%2800%2918155-6

- Garvin (1983)

https://hec.unil.ch/docs/files/123/997/zeitthaml88-1.pdf
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Appendices

Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. Where do you prefer to purchase clothes?

A. Thrift Shop

B. Ready-to-Wear Shop

2. Based on your answer on question no. 1, how important are the following common factors

when purchasing clothes? Please mark check to the rating of your choice below.

1- Not All Important

2- Slightly Important

3- Moderately Important

4- Very Important

5- Extremely Important

Factors 1 2 3 4 5

Quality
(Durable, well-crafted piece, high-quality
garments.

Price
(Affordability, low costs and discounts)

Design
(The design meets the expectation of the
customers; meets the customer’s desire)
Convenience
(Wide array of choices and availability of the
products)
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