Lab 3.

1. Steam power plant - This type of power plant is a significant source of electricity
production. This station meets a large amount of the country's electricity requirements. It
delivers the necessary electricity to various places. This powerplant is also can be
identified as a thermal power plant because they have a similar function.
The STEAM LAB (small power plant) is built to last. It is made up entirely of industrial
components. However, it is a power plant due to its size. It's a single-stage steam turbine boiler
with a NON-IBR type. The plant includes a condenser and all measurement systems, safety
devices, piping, and control systems.
Fire tube boiler - A fire-tube boiler is when hot gases travel from a fire through one or many
tubes running through a sealed water container. It produces steam by supplying the heat gases
via tubes' walls, heating the water.

 Oil burners - heating device which burns different kinds of oil and fuels
 Boiler mountings – equipment fitted to ensure a boiler's safe operation. For example:
safety valve, steam stop valve, vent valve etc.
 Automatic control system – this system is used to operate the boiler automatically.

Th136 Compact Steam power plant - Installation of a device to ensure the operation's safety A
Steam Plant is a machine that uses steam to transform heat from a fuel's combustion into
mechanical energy. The TH136 Compact Steam Power Plant is a test rig that allows mechanical
engineering students to learn the principles of a steam power plant, such as the essential parts
and operations (turbine, boiler, etc.).
  Instrument panel - The user can operate the Steam Plant by turning on the
pumps, fan, and ELCB from the Instrument Panel. It is also an option to view the
various temperature values produced by the Compact Steam Plant unit.
 Condensate pump – used to pump water which comes from refrigeration, boiler
furnace etc.
 Lamp lode – Bulbs that has a load up to 160 volts to power up
 Condenser – Converts the steam into a liquid state at an atmospheric pressure
 Automatic Voltage Stabilizer - Supply the power for the computer unit.
 Condensate tank - Stores the condensate water to be used again for the boiler.
 Boiler panel – monitors the water that comes to the boiler to produces steam.
 Steam turbine – removes the thermal energy from the steam to be used in work.
 Feed water pump – pump feedwater to the steam boiler.
 Machine guarding – protects the user from the sparks due to highspeed.
 Boiler water level gauge – provides water level in the boiler.
 Exhaust stack- device use to take out the product of combustion
 Feed water tank- used to degassing the oxygen and carbon dioxide from water. It
may cause corrosion.
 Chemical tank – used to control alkalinity, prevent scaling, correct pH, and control
conductivity.

2. Hydroelectric power plant - The rise or flow of water, which is powered by the turbine,
converts hydraulic energy into electrical energy in a hydroelectric power plant
(mechanical notes, 2021).

A Mini Hydro Power Plant is a renewable energy power plant that creates
electricity from water flowing down waterways, which is a renewable natural resource. Because
the load is only 1 kW, this Mini Hydro Power Plant is classified as a Pico-Plant (Load 5 kW).

 Electric motor- machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical

energy
  Pump coupling – connect the pump shaft and motor shaft to make the
motor transmit power to the pump.
 Machine guarding – protects the user from the sparks due to highspeed.
 Globe valve – supply water for the main reservoir for the water that is
going to be pump to the turbine to supply electricity.
 Centrifugal pump – it transfers fluid comes from converting rotational
kinetic energy to hydroelectric energy of the fluid flow.
 Water lock – It makes sure there is a water in centrifugal pump.
 Control switch – Powers up the power plant.
 Volt meter – Measures the electrical differences between the points of
electrical circuits.
 Rheostat – it is used to control currents.
 AC Generator – generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. Butterfly valve
 Butterfly valve – isolates the flow of fluid, it also can manipulate the
electric voltage in the voltmeter because of the higher currents in the
turbine.

3. HVAC Room
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are abbreviated as HVAC. Refrigeration "R" is
sometimes added, resulting in "HVACR."HVAC refers to the process of controlling the
temperature of a restricted place in order to meet the needs of the people or items there. HVAC
systems are responsible for not just heating and cooling air, but also for managing interior air
quality (IAQ). HVAC systems are utilized for heating, cooling, and air conditioning in a variety of
applications, including homes, buildings, industry, cars, aquariums, and more. HVAC
applications are growing in popularity, and more research is being conducted in this space (Ins
tools, 2021).

Air conditioning unit laboratory parts

  Centrifugal fan – moves air and other gasses in the direction of incoming
fluids
 Control panel - it is used for the user to control some parts like
condenser, water heater, air pre heater and more.
 Pressure gauge – displays the amount of pressure exerted within the
tube.
 Fan speed control – it controls the speed of centrifugal fan.
 Main switch – Powers on/off the unit

Refrigeration and Airconditioning training kit

44

 Condenser – converts the refrigerant from its gaseous form into liquid
state by cooling it.
 Condenser fan - used to cool a gas into a cool liquid
 Compressor - Both a pump and a motor the moves the refrigerant
through the system.
 Voltmeter - Measures the electrical differences between the points of
electrical circuits.
 Ammeter – measures the current in a circuit
 High & Low-pressure switch – protects the compressor and
refrigeration unit
 Check valve - prevents the backward flow of the fluid
 Solenoid Valve - used to control the flow of liquid
 Pressure gauge - displays the amount of pressure exerted within the
tube.
  Sight glass – Indicates the liquid refrigerant to the metering device

Pump training system

It’s for students to learn about pump installation, shaft alignment, wiring, operation,
inspection, maintenance, troubleshooting, and component replacement in the Basic System. It
also teaches students to measure pumping circuit characteristics, calculate characteristic pump
curves, and use a variable speed drive. A bench, centrifugal pump with base and motor,
variable speed drive, instruments, and tools are included in the system. It also has a transparent
top that allows cavitation and air ingestion in the pump to be seen.

Brodhead Garret Model 9106

Refrigeration machine by Brodhead garret

 Suction pressure control – device that keeps the pressure of the

compressor. Used to prevent the compressor from overload
 Solenoid valve – used to control the flow of liquid.
 Pressure gauge – displays the amount of pressure exerted within the
tube.
 Compressor motor – Both a pump and a motor the moves the
refrigerant through the system.
  Condenser fan - used to cool a gas into a cool liquid

4. Series Parallel Module

A configuration of cells or circuit elements in which two or more parallel groups are
connected in series. In a parallel circuit, the electric current can travel along more than
one path. The electric current must have a single way when components are linked in
series. A DC voltage source is connected in series with three resistors in the series
circuit below.

Series Parallel Pumps Test Rig

particularly developed to exhibit centrifugal pump working characteristics in series,

parallel, or single pump operation. The training system works in a closed loop. The
Experiment's Purpose.

 Double union ball valve - A Double Union Ball Valve has two unions on it,
one on each side, as the name implies. The unions allow the valve to be
unscrewed and withdrawn from the pipeline, where it can be serviced or
examined for blockages, and then quickly reinstalled in the pipeline with the
unions screwed back on.
 Electric Motor - An electric motor is a machine that turns electricity into
mechanical energy.
 Torque Arm - The counterweights are inserted in the Torque Arm to
balance the electric motor's speed to a matching RPM. The greater the
weights, the higher the RPM.
 Machine guarding - is a safety feature on or around manufacturing or
other technical equipment that consists of a shield or device covering
hazardous regions of the machine to prevent contact with body parts or to
prevent dangers such as chips or sparks from exiting the machine
  Centrifugal pumps - convert rotating kinetic energy into fluid flow
hydrodynamic energy, allowing them to transfer fluids. An engine or an
electric motor provides the rotational energy.
 Pin and Needle Valve - made of PVC. A needle valve is a valve with a
small port and a needle-shaped plunger that is threaded. It provides for fine
flow regulation; however, it is usually only capable of low flow rates.
 Caliper - is a measuring device that is used to determine the distance
between two opposing surfaces of an object.
 Glass gauge - is a sort of level sensor that consists of a transparent tube
that allows the operator of a water tank to see the amount of liquid inside.
 Water tank - is a storage container for water.
 Pressure Relief Valve - also known as a Safety Relief Valve, is a type of
safety valve that is used to control or limit the pressure in a system.
 Vertex - Based on the caliper reading, the main purpose of the vertex is to
see how high the water has been raised by the operational pump.

Toyota Room

One of the best car brands in Japan. They have a factory here in the Philippines that
creates and innovates car engines.

Diesel Engine

A diesel engine is an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in which air is compressed to

a high enough temperature to ignite diesel fuel fed into the cylinder, where combustion
and expansion act on a piston. It transforms the chemical energy in the fuel into
mechanical energy that may be utilized to propel freight vehicles, huge tractors,
locomotives, and ships. A small number of autos, as well as some electric generating
sets, are diesel-powered.

Electric motors
 An electric motor is a machine that turns electricity into mechanical energy. A
tachometer should be used to determine its RPM speed.
References

Mishra, Pankaj. 2016. “Steam Power Plant Construction,Working, Advantages and

Disadvantages with Diagram.” Mechanical Booster. August 9, 2016.
https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2016/08/steam-power-
plant.html#:~:text=What%20is%20Steam%20Power%20Plant.%20It%20is
%20the.
“Hydroelectric Power Plant: Definition, Layout, Parts, Working, Advantages,
Disadvantages & Applications [PDF].” n.d. Mechanicalenotes.com.
https://mechanicalenotes.com/hydroelectric-power-plant/#:~:text=Definition%20of
%20Hydroelectric%20Power%20Plant%3A%20Hydroelectric%20Power%20Plant.
“Steam Power Plant Lab, Engineering Educational Equipment Manufacturer India
Engineering Lab Equipments.” n.d. Www.elabengineeringequipments.com. Accessed
September 7, 2021. https://www.elabengineeringequipments.com/steam-power-plant-
lab#:~:text=STEAM%20LAB%20%28mini%20power%20plant%29%20is%20rugged
%20in.

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