Unit 2: Economic growth and development

Understanding We are learning how to:

define and explain relevant terms and

globalisation concepts: globalisation, global village.
economy, trade, technology, climate
change, communicable disease.

...

Globalisation
The word global means worldwide or relating to the whole
to things that take place all over
World. Globalisation relates
the world. For example:
opening up of world trading markets, through
improvements in transport, communication and the
removal of barriers to trade
commercial activities many businesses have branches
in different countries and/or trade products all over
the world
social interactions in person or through social media like People connected in a global village.
Facebook, Twitter and Instagram
climate change and pollution are global problems
communicable diseases can affect communities all over
the world, and the whole world is responsible for trying
to control them. A communicable disease is passed
from one person to another for example, hepatitis,
influenza or HIVIAIDS.
An economy is a system of how industry, trade and fina
is organised in a country, region or worldwide. In the
Caribbean, globalisation offers opportunities such as:
Agreater range and quality of goods
Chances to export to new and bigger markets
More exports leading to an increase in employment
Discussion
More exports resulting in increased business investment
Do you rely on
.Standards of living may increase, as can wages. technology in your
everyday life? What
While economic globalisation has many positives, it can also
can be bought by the
would happen if you
mean that cheaper, imported goods
were no longer able to
population at the expense of locally produced goods. This
out of business. use technology? Discuss
can result in some companies going
this topic in groups.
Exercise
1. In your own words define globalisation and
communicable diseases.

2. What are the advantages of globalisation in terms of

trade?

28 Lower Sccondary Social Sciences: Understanding globalisation

Global village 2.
The term global village is used to describe the way people
all over the world have become connected through
technology.
People who live in a village all know each other and
communicate regularly with each other. In the same way
people all over the globe are now able to communicate with
each other with technology, through social media such as
Facebook and Twitter.

Distance is no longer a barrier to communication. The People in an internet café in the

availability of news at our fingertips has encouraged us to Philippines.
become more involved in events around the world.

Technology Activity
Make a poster or a
Technology consists of devices and systems which have been drawing to illustrate
created for practical purposes. The technology that allows
your understanding of
us to communicate with people all over the world is vast
the term global village.
and complex. Satellites orbit the globe to relay weather
reports and televised images to all parts of the world and
the internet connects people with friends and family as well
as with business partners. Did you know..!
***********"**************"******** * *

It is estimated that more than 40% of the world's

population now use the internet to communicate and do In 2014, around 64% of
research. The increase in access and usage over the last 20 all Trinbagonians had
years is quite staggering. In 1994 only 0.4% of the world's access to the internet.
**********************************"****************"*****

population used the internet.

Many people have internet access in their homes or through
their mobile phones. Others make use of public internet
cafés to access the internet. Key vocabulary *********"

All big- and medium-sized.enterprises rely on the internet to

communicate with their customers and suppliers. global
globalisation
Exercise market
3. In your own words, define the terms global village trade
and technology.
climate change
4. Why do you think the term global village is used?
communicable diseases
5. Why do you think social media make it easier to keep
in touch with people in different parts of the world? economy

6. How many people in the world today have access to global village
the internet? social media
7. In what ways can people today access the internet? technology
8. Why do you think businesses rely on the internet? internet café

29
 Unit 2: Economic growth and development

Impact of We are learning how to:

define and explain key terms
Communication and concepts: communication,
communicationtechnology, informnation
technology on communication technology (1CT

globalisation
Communication
Communication is the transfer of information between a
sender and receiver. We communicate
with people all the
time in many different We
ways. can talk, nod or shake our
heads, wave, listen, write a note or letter, use a
send an email, or use the internet to have a video telephone,
call.
Good, fast communication is an essential part of
business, especially a global one. Businesses need any
networks, up-to-date software and reliable internet computer
connections, as well as skilled A common way
people communicate in
these communication systems. employees
to work within today's world is by using the internet.

Businesses need to invest in the latest communication

technology. This allow their staff to
provide an efficient
service and to enables customers
quickly and easily.
to access information Discussion
How is it an advantage
for students to have
Communication technology access to ICT at school
Communication and at home? Which
technology is the transfer of information
between sender and receiver types of lCT do you think
a
using technology.
students need access to,
Smartphones, tablets and laptop computers are examples and why?
of communication technology devices we use for
communication and entertainment. Cell phones, computers,
MP3 players, game consoles, tablets and ebooks have
changed the way we communicate, work and play.
Exercise ******************************************* ***

1. Define the terms communication and communication Did you know..?

***********************.********** *******
technology. More than 204 million
2. Why do businesses needgood communication? emails are sent every
3. What do businesses need if they are to have good minute, and more than
46 000 Google searches
communication?
made every second.
************** .. ************

30 Lower Secondary Social Sciences: Impact of

communication technology on iobalisau0
 ICT at work

Information and communication technology (ICT) are

2.2
technologies which are used for transmitting and storing
information electronically.
ICT has changed the way people work. Computers and
machines have taken over many jobs that
people used to
do, including bank tellers, call centre operators and travel
agents.
Technology has also created new jobs that did not exist
before, such as social media managers, video game Amazon.com was one of the first and
designers and computer technicians. argest online businesses. It began
as an online bookshop. Today it
The ICT sector is one of the largest industries in some sells everything from electronics to
countries. The development of ICT has created many clothing.
new careers and jobs, from computer
programmers, web
designers and software developers to engineers, technicians,
support staff and sales people.
Research
E-commerce Using the internet or
magazines, research the
ICT has changed how busines can be done. An example of terms communication,
this is e-commerce (short for electronic commerce), which communication technology
is buying and selling products and services via the internet and information
(online) and computer networks. communication technology
Think about a bookshop in your town: (ICT). Find pictures to
illustrate your definitions.
I n the past, if you wanted to buy a book, you had
visit the shop, at its physical address, during office hours
and needed to deal with a person behind the counter.
I f you were looking for a particular book that wasn't
in stock, you may have needed to order it through Key vocabulary
********************************"**** **** ****
the bookshop.
communication
Today, you can go online and order a book through a
website such as Amazon. communication
technology
Exercise smartphone
4. Name some of the new types of jobs that the ICT tablet
sector has created.
ebooks
5. Explain in your own words what e-commerce is.
information and
6. What are the advantages of e-commerce? communication
7. Do you think it is easier to find a job today than it was technology (ICT)
100 years ago? Why/why not? e-commerce

8. Define information and communication technology. online

31
 Unit 2: Economic growth and development

Impact of We are learning how to:

assess how new forms of communication

communication technology have animpact on globalisation

and the economy ot Trinidad and Tobago
mass media, social media, music, the
technology: the internet.

internet and media

Mass media
Mass media is a term used to describe the
different media
technologies that are used to reach large numbers of people
(the masses). These include: print media like
broadcast media like radio, film and newspapers; MASS MEDIA
television; and
electronic media, which is internet-based.
Mass media can have
positive impact. For example:
a
8OADCASTO

It can offer
personal development, by allowing people Mass media includes newspapers,
to share ideas,
keep in touch and learn. radio, film and television and
Culturally, it can promote the way of life in Trinidad
and
electronic media.

Tobago and the Caribbean

region.
It encourages cultural
and films.
creativity for example in music

It can help to promote good values, freedom of

expression, national pride and identity.
I t can help to promote social and economic
programmes.
Mass media can also have a
negative impact. For example
I t can present images
of violence, sexual activity, Research
promiscuity and other risky behaviours (such as drug Using the internet,
and alcohol abuse), which can influence
younger research how
members of society.
communication
Overseas media do not represent national technology has an
or regional
views, and these could get overshadowed by the global impact on the economy
media. of Trinidad and
Tobago.
Exercise
1. Define the term mass media.
2. Give two examples of mass media and say how
are used.
they
3. Name two advantages and disadvantages of mass
media to Trinidad and Tobago society.

32 L.ower Secondary Social Sciences: impact of communication edia

technology: the intemet and me
Social media
Social media such as Facebook, Twitter and
Instagram are
popular ways for people to stay in touch with their friends
2.
and family. Social media can have a positive impact:
It can keep people connected when physically apart.
Communities can gather support for issues.
Businesses can build relationships with communities.
There can be some disadvantages of social
I t can be addictive and can distract people from their
work and other activities.
media
in
Social media such as Facebook, Twitter
It can increase
feelings of loneliness or depression. and Instagram help people to keep
in touch.
It can be used for cyberbullying, which can have serious
consequences.

The internet Activity

Write a reflective
Whether you need to know today's weather or news, the piece titled 'How
starting time for a sports match or a detailed history of do communication
Trinidad, you can find the information on the internet. The technologies influence
internet has changed the way people find information and my life?' Write about
has been a positive development in many ways 150 words.

You can find a wide range of information and

entertainment easily - for example, sport through
Sky boxes.
Online shopping is readily available, offering cheap, fast
information and entertainment.
delivery of
It can raise awareness of news and issues with a wider
audience.

consequences of the growth of the internet include:

Negative Discussion
decline of publishing industry and use of libraries In groups,
increase in piracy -

easy-to-download copyrighted music brainstorm ways

and movies that communication
local culture and knowledge may be lost as global technology affects

culture spreads globalisation.

time-consuming, leading to a more sedentary lifestyle
information overload, resulting in anxiety and stress.

Exercise
4. Draw graphic organiser showing
a the advantages and Key vocabulary
************** ****************************

disadvantages of social media. mass media

5. Which of the ICT mentioned on this page do you use?
sedentary
6. Are there any which you do not use, and which you
information overload
would like? Why/why not?
33
 Unit 2: Economic growth and development

We are learning how to:

The negative understand the negative effects of

impact of modern communication technology:

cyberbullying.
communication
technology
al m
Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying takes place when a person or a group of
people uses the internet, mobile phones, online games or
any other type of digital technology to threaten, tease or inin
humiliate someone. nter erest

Types of cyberbullying
Cyberbullying often takes place
through mobile phones and the apps
Online forums make it easy to bully or intimidate others:
that people can get on them.

sending abusive or nasty emails, or sending emails to a

group of people who join in the bullying
using instant messaging (IM) and chatrooms to send
threatening or abusive messages to someone; asking Activity
others to join in Write a short piece of
about 100 words around
writing nasty or upsetting comments on someone's
the topic of responsible
profile on a social networking site; making jokes or
comments about others on your updates or tweets use of social media.
setting up a fake profile dedicated to bullying
someone else
abusing or harassing someone through a multi-player
online gaming site
sending abusive texts, video or photo messages via
mobile phones.
What to do if you are being cyberbullied:
talk to someone you trust, such as a parent, teacher or
counsellor
keep copies of any abusive messages or comments, and
record the dates and times
try not to reply to any messages you receive,as it can
encourage bullies and upset you more
report the bullying to the site you are using (for
example, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram); all social
networking sites have help centres for people
experiencing abuse.

34 I ouer Secondary Social Ciences: 1he

negative impact of
communication technology
Case study
Cyberbullying can kill
Talisha, aged 13, begged her mother Arlene to set up an
2
online profile for months before Arlene allowed her to do
it. Soon, Talisha gota message from a boy. He said his name Project
was Jason Khan. Talisha started emailing him regularly. In groups, create a

Soon, however, Jason his account poster that either

or someone using -

started sending a chain of hurtful instant messages, calling describes the types of
Talisha a liar, calling her fat and other hurtful names. The cyberbullying to look out
cyber abuse became increasingly vicious, until one day for or gives advice about
Talisha went into her room and ended her own life. what to do if you are
She felt there was no way out,' said Arlene. Six weeks
being cyberbullied.
later, Talisha's family discovered that their daughter was
the victim of a hoax. Another girl had created the Jason
Khan account as a trick, and sent the hate messages. An
Discussíon
Discuss how the
article in the New York Times wrote:
following behaviours
Cellphone cameras and text messages, as well as social and attitudes form an
networking websites, e-mail and instant messaging, all important part of using
give teenagers a wider range of ways to play tricks on social media responsibly:
one another, to tease and to intimidate their peers.' cooperation, rationality
And, unlike traditional bullying, high-tech bullying can tolerance, freedom,
happen anywhere, at any time, among lots of different respect.
children who may never actually meet in person. The
victim can feel it is inescapable and the perpetrators are
often anonymous.
Questions
1. In your own words, define cyberbullying.
2. Why do you think Talisha wanted an online profile?

3. a) How do you think Talisha felt when she started

getting emails from 'Jason Khan'?
Key vocabulary
b) How do you think she felt when Jason announced * * * ********"********

he didn't want to be friends with her any more?

cyberbullying
4. A hoax is a serious trick. emails
a) Why do you think the girl who made up the
instant messaging (IM)
Jason Khan account did it?
How do you think she felt after Talisha's death?
chatrooms
b)
5. Give four ways that cyberbullying differs from social networking site
traditional bullying. online gaming sites
6. Talisha felt there was no way out. What other 'ways
cyber abuse
out' do you think Talisha could have found?
intimidate
7. How do you think this event changed Talisha's
community? anonymous

35