Ict Skills GR 8

Information and
Communications
Technology
GRADE 8
Information and
Communications
Technology
GRADE 8
Professor Vassen Naëck - Head, Curriculum Implementation, Textbook Development and Evaluation
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PANEL
Kaviraj Goodoory - Coordinator, Associate Professor, MIE

Marday Pyneandee - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Dr Vikash Kumar Jhurree - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Abdullah Mohammud Ismail Buxoo - Educator
Louis Daniel Clarel Berry - Educator
Jameel Foondun - Educator
Minta Hurryman - Educator
Mohammad Arshaad Khodabocus - Educator
Shunno Devi Nenduradu - Educator
Sarita Raggoo-Lollbeharee - Educator
Acknowledgement
Christian Li Luen Ching - Senior Lecturer, MIE
Paramaseeven Sooben - Lecturer, MIE
Majhegy Murden - Lecturer, MIE (Proof reading)
Design
Kamla Ernest - Senior Technician, MIE
Karnesh Ramful - Graphic Designer
© Mauritius Institute of Education (2018)

ISBN: 978-99949-44-98-9
Consent from copyright owners has been sought. However, we extend our apologies to those we might have overlooked.
All materials should be used strictly for educational purposes.
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Foreword
As the first cohort to embark on the Nine Year Continuous Basic Education at secondary level,
we are pleased to offer you a new series of Grade 8 textbooks. These textbooks have been designed in
line with the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and syllabi for Grades 7, 8 and 9 − documents that
offer a comprehensive notion of learning and teaching with regard to each subject area. These may be
consulted on the MIE website, www.mie.ac.mu.
This set of textbooks builds upon the competencies acquired at Grade 7 level. As per the
philosophy propounded by the NCF, the content and pedagogical approach as well as the activities
allow for an incremental and continuous improvement of the learners’ cognitive skills. The content is
contextual and based on the needs of our learners which is constructed on a spiral basis. The comments
and suggestions of a variety of stakeholders have been kept in mind. We are especially appreciative of
those made by educators who have been part of our validation panels, and whose suggestions emanate
from long standing experience and practice in the field.
The production of this series of textbooks continue to be a challenge for the writers who have
ensured that the learners’ experience is further enriched. I would therefore wish to thank all those who
have been part of the whole process, for the time they devoted to it and their ability to maintaining
the high standard and quality of the textbooks, while ensuring that the objectives of the National
Curriculum Framework are skilfully translated in the content.
Every endeavour involves a number of dedicated, hardworking and able staff whose
contribution needs to be acknowledged. Professor Vassen Naeck, Head, Curriculum Implementation,
Textbook Development and Evaluation, who has provided the guidance with respect to the objectives
of the NCF, while ascertaining that the instruction designs are appropriate for the age group being
targeted. I also acknowledge the efforts of the graphic artists for putting in much hard work to ensure the
quality of the MIE’s publications. My thanks go equally to the support staff who ensured that everyone
receives the necessary support and work environment which is conducive to a creative endeavour.
I am thankful to all those who provided the support and to the Ministry of Education, Human
Resources, Tertiary Education and Scientific Research for giving us the opportunity to be part of the
whole reform process.
Wishing plenty of joy and success to all students.
Dr O Nath Varma
Director
Mauritius Institute of Education
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Preface
Technology is an essential part of our everyday life. The number of appliances coming with embedded
devices is constantly increasing. Digital literacy, therefore, is gaining importance as a fundamental skill.
At the same time, concepts like programming and coding are now being recognized as the new literacy.
The Grade 8 workbook has been developed with these in mind.
We have also ensured that students are empowered with the tools to think critically by accessing
an abundance of information in a variety of forms and by processing them in meaningful ways, to
think creatively with the support of various tools, to solve problem and generate knowledge in an
interdisciplinary and collaborative manner thereby providing them with opportunities to work and
communicate with each other.
The workbook has been written with the National Curriculum Framework in mind. It has been designed
to provide the knowledge, practical skills and understanding that students will learn through studying
Information and Communication Technology at Grade 8. The ICT workbook prepares the students with
ICT skills and competencies for the emerging knowledge society, helping them develop capacity to
solve problems in digital environments.
The workbook consist of 9 units which are as follows:

1. Computer Operation and Fundamentals Internet
2. Word Processing
3. Presentation
4. Spreadsheet
5. Internet
6. Multimedia
7. Health, Safety and Ethics
8. Practical Problem Solving and Programming
9. Database
The workbook is learner oriented and consists of the following:

• Activities in the form of games and practical
• Suggested activities can be done by the teacher to consolidate learning
• Quick test at the end of each topic
• Summative exercise after each unit.
We believe that students should be engaging in practical activities not only one or two terms but
throughout the year along with learning the theory. So, we have designed a workbook that will allow
students to blend theory and practical.
Throughout the workbook there are a number of colours, boxes and symbols used to facilitate learning.
We had created an avatar named Tipiyu that was introduced in Grade 7. Tipiyu will continue to be guide
across the Grade 8 workbook.
The Information and Communication Technology Panel
iv
Introduction
Hello Friends,
Tipiyu is back again!
I will guide you through the ICT Grade 8 book.
What is your name?
....................................................................................
v
vi
4 5
6
Spreadsheet
p89 Unit
Unit
Unit
Internet
3Unit
p99
Multimedia
p113
7
Presentation
p75
2
Health, Safety
Unit
& Ethics
Unit
Word Processing p123
p27
Computer operations
1Unit
and Fundamentals
p1 Practical problem solving
8
and programming
p137
Unit
Database
p161 9Unit
Table of
Contents
vii
Unit 1 I Computer operations and fundamentals
Computer operations and

1
Unit
fundamentals
Learning Objectives
By the end of Unit 1, learners should be able to:
• Describe the features of input and output devices

• Distinguish among different storage devices
• Show an understanding of the difference between primary and secondary storage
• Demonstrate an understanding of the unit of measurement of storage devices
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1.1 Input devices
Recall
• An input device is a piece of hardware used to enter

data and instructions into a computer system.
• Examples of common input devices:
Keyboard, mouse, touchpad, joystick, scanner,
barcode reader, touchscreen, microphone, digital
camera, web camera, sensors.
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1.1.1 Keyboard
The keyboard is an input device used to enter text, numbers, special symbols and other
commands into a computer by pressing buttons.
Most keyboards have numbers, letters, symbols, and arrow keys. Some also have a numeric
keypad and additional functions like volume control, keys to shut down or sleep the device.
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Wired keyboards connect to the motherboard
via a USB cable whereas wireless keyboards
communicate with the computer via a Radio
Frequency (RF) receiver.
Laptops have integrated keyboards but, like

tablets, they can have external keyboards
attached via USB.
Braille keyboards, oversized keyboards and keyboards with coloured keys are used by visually
impaired people.
Keyboards are used at home, at school and in all places of

work.
Keyboards are used for data entry in computerised systems.

They are also used to type letters, reports, e-mails and
assignments.
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1.1.2 Mouse
A mouse is a pointing device used to move and control a pointer cursor on a computer screen.
A mouse may be wired or wireless and connect to

the computer system in the same way as a keyboard.
A typical mouse has 2 buttons (left and right) and a scroll wheel.
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Basic operations of a mouse:
“Click” means pressing and releasing the left button of the mouse
once. Click is used to select a file/folder or open a menu.
“Right-click” means pressing and releasing the right button of

the mouse once. Right-click is used to open a pop-up menu with
different actions.
Pressing and releasing the left button of the mouse twice rapidly
is called “double-click”. Double-click is used to start a program
or to open a file/folder.
Moving the mouse while holding down the left button is called
“dragging”. An icon may be moved on the computer screen
by selecting it and dragging it to a new location. Files can be
moved into folders in the same way.
The scroll wheel is found between the left and the right buttons. It
is rolled with the finger to move up and down a page or document.
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1.1.3 Touchpad
A touchpad is a pointing device found on laptop computers.

It is made up of a flat, touch-sensitive surface on which the
user slides a finger to move the cursor on the screen. It works
by sensing the user’s finger movement and downward
pressure.
The touchpad is an alternative to the mouse. It can be used on the move where there is not
enough space to accommodate a mouse. However, it takes practice and skill to control the
position the cursor using a touchpad.
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1.1.4 Joystick
A joystick is a cursor control device mainly used for

playing computer games. It consists of a stick (also called
a lever) that pivots on a base. It has several push buttons
which are pressed to send signals to the computer.
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Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as
cranes, trucks, surveillance cameras, medical equipment and
wheelchairs.
Moreover, a joystick can be helpful as an input device for people

with movement disabilities.
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1.1.5 Scanner
A scanner is a device that produces a digital image of

information contained in hardcopies. The image is transferred
into the computer system where it is stored as a file.
Scanners are used to convert printed photographs, hand drawn pictures, handwritten
documents, magazine pages and other documents into image files that can be stored and
transferred electronically.
Suggested Activity :
Internet search: 3D Scanner
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1.1.6 Barcode Reader
A barcode reader, also called a barcode scanner, is a device that can read printed barcodes
(black and white lines) found on products. It uses laser beams to capture the barcodes and then
translates them into digital information. It is widely used in supermarkets, shops, warehouses
and libraries.
Barcode reading is very popular

because it eliminates the
possibility of human error. It is
very fast and reliable.
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1.1.7 Touchscreen
A touchscreen is a computer screen that is sensitive to pressure.

A user can interact with the computer by touching the pictures or
words on the screen with his finger. PC tablets and smart phones use
touchscreens.
Touchscreens are easy to use and are often

found in public places such as information
kiosks, restaurants, museums and airports.
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1.1.8 Microphone
A microphone is a device used to input audio (sound) into a computer

system. It captures audio by converting sound waves into electrical
signals that can be processed and stored by the computer.
A microphone is used for online chatting,

recording voice for dictation, recording
songs and recording sound from musical
instruments.
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1.1.9 Digital Camera
A digital camera captures pictures and records

videos in digital format. It can display images
on a screen immediately after being recorded.
Unwanted images/videos can be deleted.
Moreover, images and videos can be transferred

to a computer.
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1.1.10 Web Camera
A web camera, also called webcam, is a video camera that

captures moving images and sends them directly to a
computer. The video stream can be saved, viewed or sent
over the Internet.
Web cameras are used in video conferencing

and video chatting.
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1.1.11 Sensors
Sensors are input devices used to measure physical quantities (such as temperature, light,
pressure and sound) and send signals to a computer processor.
The data fed into the processor is examined by a control program which decides what to do
next.
Different types of sensors are used in different applications.
For example:
• Temperature sensors are used in automated heating or cooling systems.
• Infrared sensors are used for automatic door opening of shopping malls.
• Proximity sensors are used in vehicles to facilitate parking and avoid
bumping into objects.
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Suggested Activity : Internet Search : Sensors
Discuss with your friends and surf on the Internet to

find out more about sensors and how they are used.
Quick Test 1.1
1. Fill in the blanks using the following words:
digital sensors scanner input barcodes

touchscreens keyboard touchpad joystick microphone
a) A piece of hardware used to input data into a computer system is called an ...............................
device.
b) Images from a ............................... camera can be transferred to a computer.
c) ............................... can be found on smart phones.
d) Infrared ............................... are used for automatic door opening in shopping centres.
e) A ............................... is used to enter sound into a computer.
f ) A barcode reader uses a laser beam to read ............................... found on products.
g) A ............................... converts printed information to a digital image.
h) An input device used mainly for data entry is the ...............................
i) A ............................... can be used to control cranes.
j) A ............................... can be used to control the cursor instead of a mouse.
2. Match the following:
Touchpad Used by visually impaired people.
Braille keyboard Used in video conferencing.
Temperature sensors Used in supermarkets.
Web camera Used to take pictures in digital form.
Digital cameras Can replace a mouse.
Barcode readers Used in automatic cooling systems.
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3. For each of the following tasks, identify the most suitable input
device:
(i) Type a letter.
(ii) Open a file on the desktop.
(iii) Convert a printed photograph into format that can be

stored in a computer.
(iv) Play computer games.
(v) Capture pictures that can be transmitted electronically.
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1.2 Output devices
Recall
• An output device is a piece of hardware

that the computer uses to give us
information in a suitable form.
Hardcopy and softcopy
Output can be printed on paper, displayed on a screen or in the form of sound. Information
printed on paper is called hardcopy whereas information displayed on a screen is called
softcopy.
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1.2.1 Monitor
A monitor, also called a Visual Display Unit (VDU), is used to display information produced by a
computer. It displays text, graphics and video.
Older monitors made use of cathode ray tubes (CRT), which made them
large and heavy. In addition, they consumed a lot of electricity.
Nowadays, flat-panel monitors are used which are lighter, thinner and more
energy efficient. Flat-panel monitors include LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
and LED (Light Emitting Diode) monitors.
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1.2.2 Printers
A printer is an output device used to transfer text and graphics from a computer onto paper.
The printed copy is called a hardcopy.
Types of printer
1. Dot-matrix printer

A dot-matrix printer is an impact printer in which pins
strike an inked ribbon to form text and images on
paper. The printer produces low quality printout. It
makes a lot of noise and is very slow. However, since
it is an impact printer, it can produce carbon copies of
printouts using special paper.
Dot-matrix printers are used in banks, retail outlets

and offices to print multipart stationery.
Did you know
Multipart stationery is continuous

stationery comprising two or more
sheets, either carbonless or with carbon
paper between the sheets.
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2. Inkjet printer

An Inkjet printer is a non impact printer that
forms characters by spraying drops of liquid ink
on paper. It produces good quality printing at a
reasonable speed. Since it is a non-impact printer,
it does not make much noise. It is mostly used
at home and in offices where few printouts are
needed. It uses ink cartridges and is faster and
more expensive than dot-matrix printers.
Ink cartridges
3. Laser printer

A laser printer is a non-impact printer that uses
a laser beam together with ink powder (called
toner) to transfer text and graphics onto paper.
It is quiet and produces high quality printing at
a very high speed. This printer is more expensive
than an inkjet printer. It is used in offices where
high volume of printing is required.
Toner
4. 3D printer

A 3D printer is a computer-aided manufacturing
(CAM) device that creates three-dimensional objects.
Like a traditional printer, a 3D printer receives digital
data from a computer as input. However, instead of
printing the output on paper, a 3D printer builds a
three-dimensional model out of a custom material.
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5. Plotter

A plotter is used to print large high-quality drawings. It is often used by designers, engineers,
map-makers and architects to produce very large documents such as building plans, maps,
giant posters and adverts. It is very expensive to buy and to maintain.
Refillable coloured pens are used in plotters.
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1.2.3 Speakers
A speaker is a device used to output voice messages, music or any

other sound from the computer. Speakers contain amplifiers which
vibrate to produce the sound. They come in many different forms.
Some speakers are attached to a computer while others are wireless.
High quality speakers can be very expensive.
Generally, speakers are used to output sound from multimedia

presentations. Additionally, they are used in home entertainment to
play music files as everyone in the room can hear the sound.
Speakers can be useful for alerting computer users, even when they are busy, such as in pop-
ups. They can be used by blind people to listen to words on the screen instead of reading.
However, speakers can disturb people who are trying to work.
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1.2.4 Headphones
A headphone is a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around

the head over a user's ears. They allow a user to listen to an audio source
privately.
Headphones connect to a computer, a mobile phone or a portable media

player using a cord or using wireless technology. They come in a variety of models and prices.
Headphones can cause “noise-induced hearing loss”, thus damaging your hearing if you use
them too long or play music too loudly.
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1.2.5 Video Projector
A video projector is an output device that magnifies images

generated by a computer and reproduces them onto a screen,
wall or other surface.
A video projector is used to show a presentation on a large screen so that everyone in the
room can see it. Still as well as moving pictures (videos) can be displayed. Video projectors
can be used in business meetings, at school, at home and in other places where a large screen
presentation would be beneficial.
Quick Test 1.2
1. Fill in the blanks using words from the given list.
monitor plotter projector output laser

headphones 3D printer dot-matrix speakers
(a) An …………………………………. device is a piece of hardware used to display information.
(b) …………………………………. produce sound.
(c) A …………………………………. transfers information on paper.
(d) A …………………………………. displays information on a screen.
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(e) A video …………………………………. is used to show a presentation on a large screen.
(f ) …………………………………. allow a user to listen to music privately.
(g) A …………………………………. is used to print large building plans.
(h) A …………………………………. printer uses powdered ink called toner.
(i) A …………………………………. printer is very slow.
(j) A …………………………………. printer creates three-dimensional objects.
Hardcopy Large and heavy.
Ink jet printer Used in business meetings.
Softcopy Information printed on paper.
CRT monitor Light and energy efficient.
Projector Uses liquid ink.
Flat-panel monitor Information displayed on a screen.
3. Name an appropriate output device for each of the following

tasks:
(i) Print a large building plan.
(ii) Show a clip to a group of students
(iii) Print 1000 report sheets.
(iv) Listen to songs privately.
(v) Print a 3D object.
(vi) Read an e-mail.
Suggested Activity :
Internet search: 2D/3D Cutter
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1.3 Unit of measurement for computer storage.
Bits and bytes

• Bit is short for Binary digit. It is the smallest unit of data in a computer
system. It can have a single binary value 0 or 1.
• A byte is the number of bits used to store a single character of text.
• 1 byte = 8 bits.
• 1 nibble = 4 bits = ½ byte
Computer memory as well as computer files are measured in bytes.
A byte is the storage size used to represent a character such as a letter, a number, a symbol, a
punctuation mark or a blank space.
Higher units of measurement for computer storage are:
• Kilobyte (KB)
• Megabyte (MB)
• Gigabyte (GB)
• Terabyte (TB)
1 KB = 1024 bytes
1 MB = 1024 KB = 1024*1024 bytes
1 GB = 1024 MB = 1024*1024 KB = 1024*1024*1024 bytes
1 TB = 1024 GB = 1024*1024 MB = 1024*1024*1024 KB = 1024*1024*1024

*1024 bytes
Quick Test 1.2
1. Fill in the blanks using words from the list below:
8 2048 bytes 1024 4
(a) Computer memory is measured in ………………………………….
(b) A nibble consists of …………………………………. bits.
(c) 1 Gigabyte = …………………………………. MB.
(d) 2 Kilobytes = …………………………………. bytes.
(e) 1 byte consists of …………………………………. bits.
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2. Rearrange the following units of measurement starting with the highest.

Kilobyte, byte, Gigabyte, Megabyte, Terabyte, bit, nibble.

1 ………………………………….
2 ………………………………….
3 ………………………………….
4 ………………………………….
5 ………………………………….
6 ………………………………….
7 ………………………………….
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1.4 Primary and Secondary storage
A computer uses both primary and secondary storage. Primary storage is directly accessible by
the CPU whereas secondary storage is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer uses
its input/output channels to access secondary storage. Therefore, accessing primary storage is
faster than accessing secondary storage.
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1.4.1 Primary storage
Primary storage is also known as internal or main memory. It is stored in memory chips that can
directly be accessed by the computer’s processor. The CPU continuously reads the instructions
stored there and executes them as required.
There are 3 types of primary storage:
(1) Read Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is non-volatile memory. Its contents cannot be changed by the
user and are not lost when the computer is switched off. It is used to
store the instructions to start up the computer.
(2) Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is volatile memory. It is used to store programs and files currently
being used by the processor. It loses its contents when the computer
is switched off.
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(3) Cache Memory
Cache memory is high speed memory available inside the CPU. It
temporarily stores frequently used instructions for quicker processing.
CPU Cache Main Memory

Fast Slow
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1.4.2 Secondary storage
Secondary storage is also known as external memory, auxiliary storage or backing storage. This is
where all programs and files are held permanently until they are overwritten or deleted.
A secondary storage device refers to any non-volatile storage device that is internal or external
to a computer.
Examples of secondary storage devices are:
(1) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A hard disk drive is a magnetic storage device that consists of
one or more platters to which data is written using a magnetic
head. It is found inside desktop and laptop computers. It
provides very fast read/write access.
It has a very large storage capacity and can store the operating system
as well as application programs and other files. The capacity of a hard
disk is measured in GB or TB.
An external hard drive is a portable storage device that can be attached to a computer through
a USB port. It has high storage capacities and are often used to back up computers.
(2) Solid State Drive (SSD)

A solid-state drive has a vast storage capacity that can be measured
in GB or TB. It does not have mechanical moving parts and performs
faster than traditional hard disk drives. However, it is significantly
more expensive.
It can be installed inside a computer or purchased in a portable

(external) format which can be connected to a computer through a
USB port (external hard disk).
Solid-state drives are also used in smart phones and tablet PCs.
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(3) Pen drive (USB flash drive)

A pen drive uses solid state technology. It connects to the computer
through a USB port. It is very small and suitable for transferring files
between computers. It can also be used as a back-up device. It has a
storage capacity of 4 to 64 GB.
(4) Memory card (Flash memory card)

A memory card is a small flat flash drive. It is commonly used with digital cameras, mobile
phones, music players and game consoles. It has a very high storage capacity. But, since it is
very small, it can be misplaced or lost easily.
(5) Optical storage devices

An optical disc is a storage medium that can be written to and read from using a low-powered
laser beam.
Examples of optical discs:

(i) Compact Disc (CD)
A CD has a storage capacity of 700 MB. It can be used to store multimedia
files.
(ii) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

A DVD has a storage capacity 4.7 GB. It can be used to store very large
multimedia files.
(iii) Blu-ray Disc (BD)

A BD has a storage capacity of 50 GB. It can be used to store several hours
of video in high definition and ultra-high definition resolution.
Optical discs can be

• Read Only, that is data is pre-recorded and new data cannot be added. (e.g. CD-ROM,
DVD-ROM, BD-ROM)
• Recordable, that is data can be written onto the discs but cannot be erased. (e.g. CD-R,
DVD-R, BD-R)
• Re-Writable, that is data can be written and erased several times. (e.g. CD-RW, DVD-RW,
BD-RW)
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Did you know
Offline storage refers to any storage medium that must be

physically inserted into a system every time a user wants
to access or edit data.
Offline storage is also known as removable storage.
Examples are pen drives, optical discs, memory cards …
Quick Test 1.4
1. Fill in the blanks using the following words:
optical secondary primary hard disk card
(a) …………………………………. storage is directly accessible by the CPU.
(b) A pen drive is an example of …………………………………. storage.
(c) A memory …………………………………. is commonly used in digital cameras.
(d) A DVD is an …………………………………. storage device.
(e) A …………………………………. has a very large storage capacity.
2. Tick (√) the appropriate column.
ROM RAM
Is non-volatile.
Is temporary memory.
Can be read from and written to.
Stores instructions to start up the computer.
Holds programs currently being used.
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3. Name a suitable storage device for each of the following:
(a) To store the operating system.
(b) To store songs that can be played on a mobile phone.
(c) To store several hours of HD video.
(d) To store assignments to be completed at home.
ROM
CD-ROM
Primary Storage
Memory Card
Secondary Storage Cache Memory
RAM
External Hard Disk
5. Rewrite the following starting from the lowest storage capacity:
CD-R (700 MB) 1. …………………………………
Hard disk (500 GB) 2. …………………………………
Pen drive (8 GB) 3. …………………………………
DVD (4.7 GB) 4. …………………………………
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS
1. Classify the following as INPUT, OUTPUT, or STORAGE devices by

putting a tick (√) in the appropriate column.
Device INPUT OUTPUT STORAGE
Laser printer
Keyboard
Microphone
Pen drive
Monitor
Mouse
Blu-ray disc
Inkjet printer
Scanner
Plotter
Compact Disc
Speakers
2. Fill in the blanks by using words from the given list.

ROM mouse monitor laser CD-RW
byte RAM hardcopy touchpad scanner
(a) A printout is called a ............................................
(b) A ........................................... is an input device that converts images into digital format.
(c) ........................................... holds data and instructions while the computer is switched on.
(d) A ........................................... is a pointing device.
(e) ........................................... can be found on laptop computers.
(f ) Eight bits make up one ...........................................
(g) A ........................................... printer is faster than an inkjet printer.
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 1 I Computer operations and fundamentals
(h) A ........................................... is an output device.
(i) Data stored in ........................................... cannot be modified.
(j) Data can be written and erased several times on a …………………………………
3. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

Put a tick (√) in the appropriate column.
TRUE FALSE
(a) A dot-matrix printer is very fast.
(b) 1 MB = 1024*1024 bytes.
(c) A laser printer produces high quality printout.
(d) 1 byte = 10 bits.
(e) A sensor is an input device.
(f ) A CD-R has a higher storage capacity than a DVD.
(g) LCD monitors are more energy efficient than CRT monitors.
(h) A dot-matrix printer can print multipart stationery.
(i) An inkjet printer can produce a 3D object.
(j) A plotter is used to print A4 word documents.
4. Tick (√) the essential input and output devices used in video
conferencing.
(√)
Printer
Monitor
Keyboard
Microphone
Speakers
Scanner
Web camera
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5. What do the following acronyms stand for ? One has been done
for you.
(a) CRT : Cathode Ray Tube
(b) RAM ..................................................................................................................................................................
(c) CD .......................................................................................................................................................................
(d) LED ....................................................................................................................................................................
(e) DVD ...................................................................................................................................................................
(f ) LCD ...................................................................................................................................................................
(g) KB .......................................................................................................................................................................
(h) VDU ..................................................................................................................................................................
(i) TB ........................................................................................................................................................................
(j) ROM ..................................................................................................................................................................
6. Distinguish between primary and secondary storage.
......................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 1 I Computer operations and fundamentals
7. Select a suitable device that would be needed for each of the

following tasks:

Joystick Microphone Digital camera Inkjet printer
Keyboard Projector Mouse Barcode reader
Laser printer Infra-red sensor DVD Plotter
Device
To store a 2-hour video.
To take photographs for a project.
To type an assignment.
To show enlarged computer display on a wall.
To print large posters.
To chat with relatives online.
To print newsletters at school.
To control the opening of doors in a shopping mall.
To print a letter at home.
To open a folder on the desktop.
To control a wheelchair.
To read product information in supermarkets.
23
Additional Notes
24
Additional Notes
25
26
Unit 2 I Word Processing
Unit
Word Processing
Learning Objectives
• Manipulate multiple documents
• Perform additional document formatting
• Manipulate tables and converting text to table back and forth
INSERTING DATE AND TIME IN A DOCUMENT
The current date or the date and time can be inserted in a word document as:
• plain text; which will not update automatically.
• a field; which will update automatically.
INSERTING A DATE THAT WILL NOT UPDATE AUTOMATICALLY

STEP 1: Click on the Insert tab and in the Text group, click Date & time as shown below.
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STEP 2: In the Date and time dialog box, select the format you want from the list shown below
and click OK. Here, the second format has been chosen.
As selected from the dialogue box.
Word Task 1 : Inserting date when creating entries for your school journal
STEP 1: Insert today’s date. An example has been given below.
Follow the previous instructions to insert date here.
Date: Tuesday, July 3, 2018
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STEP 2: Click on the Insert menu, select the Table icon and click on the Insert Table option.
STEP 3: Type 3 for the number of columns and 10 for the number of rows as shown below.
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STEP 4: Fill in the journal by writing the data given below. Click on OK.
STEP 5: Save the document as student journal.
INSERTING A DATE THAT UPDATES AUTOMATICALLY
If you want the date to be updated every time, follow the steps below.
STEP 1: Click on the Insert tab and in the Text group, click Date & time as shown below.
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STEP 2:
• In the Date and time dialog box, select the format you want.
• Tick the check box next to Update automatically and click OK.
The date is inserted as a field and will update automatically.
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Word Task 2 : Inserting date in a letter of absence
• Type the document below.
• Format the document according to instructions given in the text boxes.

Insert date
using
automatic
date feature
STEP 2: Save the document as letter of absence.
CONVERTING TEXT TO TABLE

Text can be converted to table using the following method:
Word Task 3 : Converting text to table
Step 1: Type the text as follows and press the tab button or insert a comma on the keyboard
after each text as follows.
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Press tab or comma between each text on

each four lines ONLY ONCE.

Step 2: Using your mouse select the whole text.
Step 3: From the Insert tab, click on the Table icon and select the Insert Table option.
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The text you typed is automatically converted in a table as shown below.
The Table Styles option will automatically appear on top.

The Table Styles option allows you to format a table, change cell shades and cell colour.
Step 4: From the Table Styles option select a table style. Click on the more button to get
different Table Styles.
Step 5: Select a desired table style from the Table Styles option as shown below.
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ADDING SHADE TO TABLE

Step 1: Click on the Shading icon and select a colour from the Theme colors option. In this
example “Green accent 6” has been selected.
CONVERTING TABLE TO TEXT
Word Task 4 : Converting table to text
Step 1: If Layout menu is visible, go directly to step 2.
Else Double-click on the arrow to the left of the table you just created for the layout menu to be
visible.
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Step 2: Click on the layout menu and click on the convert to text icon and 4 options will be
displayed.
NOTE: The tabs icon is selected by default
Step 3: Click OK and observe the table has been removed. We have used the option
Step 4: Selecting the icon will make your text appear as shown below.
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SPLIT CELLS AND TABLES

Word Task 5 : Split cells
Step 1: Create the following table.
• We will now split each cell apart from the heading that is in bold character.
• We will start by splitting the cell in which keyboard is written.
Step 2: Right-click the cell in which keyboard is written. You will get a menu as shown below.
Identify the split cells icon.
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Step 3: Click the split cells icon.
Step 4: You will be prompted to enter the number of rows and columns. Click on OK button and
observe how the cell in which keyboard is written has been split into two columns.
Step 5: Now right-click on the new cell that has been just been inserted and click on the split
cells option again. This time select 1 for columns and 2 for rows as shown below and click ok.
Step 6: Observe that now the newly created cell has been split into two rows.
38
Step 7: Type QWERTY and AZERTY as below.
Step 8: Split other cells and add new data as shown below.
Step 9: Save the document as split cells.
Word Task 6 : Split tables
Step 1: Open the document “split cells” that you created in task 5.
Now we will split the table into 3 tables.
Step 2: Select the second row as shown below.
Step 3: Click on the layout menu and then click on the split table.
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The table has been split into two.
Step 4: Now select the third row. Click on the layout menu and then click on the split table as
shown below.
Save your work.
USING FORMAT PAINTER IN WORD

The Format Painter (copy and paste formatting) allows us to quickly apply the same formatting,
{Colour, font style, size and border style, to multiple pieces of text or graphics}
Word Task 7 : Using format painter
Select the text or graphic that has the formatting that you want to copy.
Step 1: Type the first text as shown below:
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Step 2: Now type the second text as shown below:
Step 3: Highlight the first text and on the Home tab, click Format Painter.
NOTE: The pointer changes to a paintbrush icon.
Step 4: Click on the second text and the formatting will automatically apply.
NOTE: This feature works only once.
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TO CHANGE THE FORMAT OF MULTIPLE SELECTIONS IN YOUR DOCUMENT, YOU MUST FIRST
DOUBLE-CLICK FORMAT PAINTER.
Step 1: Type the following text again.
Step 2: Clear all formatting by clicking on the clear all formatting button.
Step 3: Type the following.

• INPUT
• OUTPUT
• STORAGE
Your document will appear as shown below.
Step 4: Select the first text by highlighting it and on the Home tab, this time double-click on
Format Painter.
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Step 5: Select the text one by one by clicking on it and the formatting will automatically apply.
NOTE: To stop formatting, press ESC button.
• For graphics, the Format Painter works best with drawing objects, such as AutoShapes.
However, you can copy formatting from a picture (such as the picture's border).
• The Format Painter can't copy the font and font size of WordArt text.
INSERT PAGE BORDER, WATERMARK AND PAGE COLOUR

Page border is a solid line, dotted line or dashed line, or one made up of various objects, like
flowers, animals or virtually any other object placed at the edge of a page document to for the
purpose of marking the inner space.
Word Task 8 : A document on student’s profile
STEP 1: Type the following text.
NOTE: You may add additional details like your favourite subjects, best friend, best teacher etc…
STEP 2: Save the document as: MY PROFILE
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INSERT A PAGE BORDER
STEP 3: Click on DESIGN tab and select Page Borders.
STEP 4: From the Page Border tab, select the Box option. From the setting and choose a border
style. Press OK.
44
Your document will appear as follows:
ADDING WATERMARK
Watermark is a ghosted text that appears behind the content of a document. It is often used to
indicate confidentiality.
STEP 1: Click on the DESIGN tab and select the Watermark as shown below.
45
STEP 2: Select the confidential 1 option.
The watermark has been added as shown below.
• You can add a custom watermark in which you can insert your name.
• To remove a watermark simply click on the remove watermark option.
46
CUSTOM WATERMARK
Pictures, company logo, signature or name can be used as watermark to help readers know the
originator and owner of a document.
STEP 1: This time select Custom watermark.
STEP 2: Select Text watermark.
STEP 3: In the Text tab delete the text in our case “ASAP” and type your name instead.
STEP 4: Click OK button.
47
ADDING PAGE COLOUR
STEP 1: Click on DESIGN tab and select Page Color.
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STEP 2: Select a color.
POSITION TEXT WITH TABS AND INDENTS

• Use the Ruler
TEXT CAN BE POSITIONED AS FOLLOWS:

1. Using the Tab key on the keyboard.
2. Using indents from the tool bar.
3. Using the ruler.
METHOD 1: POSITION TEXT WITH TAB KEY FROM THE KEYBOARD
Every time the Tab key is pressed, the insertion point will move 1/2 inch to the right.
Word Task 9 : Position text using tab key from the keyboard
COMPUTER HARDWARE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:

[Press tab one time] INPUT
[Press tab two times] OUTPUT
[Press tab three times] STORAGE
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Your output will be as shown below:
STEP 2: Save the document as “IOS”.
METHOD 2: POSITION TEXT USING INDENTS
Text can also be positioned using either the increase indent or decrease indent options from
the toolbar.
Decrease indent moves the paragraph Increase indent moves the paragraph
closer to the margin farther away from the margin
Word Task 10 : Position text using indents
COMPUTER HARDWARE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:

[Click on the Increase Indent icon one time] INPUT
[Click on the Increase Indent icon two times] OUTPUT
[Click on the Increase Indent icon three times] STORAGE
NOTE: Your output will be similar to the output using tab.
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INDENTING PARAGRAPHS WITH THE RULER

Confusing structure: A paragraph’s indents can be done using the ruler.
HIDE AND SHOW THE RULER

In case the ruler does not appear on the document, follow the steps below.
STEP 1: Click the View tab.
STEP 2: In the Show area, tick the Ruler option.
Word Task 11 : Position text using ruler
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STEP 2: Use the first line indent from the ruler to position text ½ inch to the right as shown below.
First line indent
STEP 3: Use the first line indent from the ruler to position text 1 inch to the right as shown below.
STEP 4: Use the first line indent from the ruler to position text 1½ inch to the right as shown below.
NOTE: Your output will be similar to the output using ruler and indent.
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PAGE BREAK AND SECTION BREAK

There are two types of document breaks, namely Page Breaks and Section Breaks.
A page break and section break are needed if:

• You want to use different headers or footers in the same document.
• You want to print one page in landscape while other pages in the document remain in
portrait orientation.
• You want different headings.
Difference between a page break and a section break

PAGE BREAKS
• Page Breaks help to separate content between pages.

• After a page break, text will start at the beginning of a new page.
SECTION BREAKS
Section breaks split your document into sections, enabling you to have different formatting for
each section:
For example - different page numbering, margins, header/footers, page orientation (portrait/
landscape) and borders.
Page breaks and section breaks are further subdivided into several different kinds of page and
section breaks. The page breaks partition only the body text of the document, whereas the
section breaks partition both the body text of the document, as well as partition page margins,
headers and footers, page numbers, and the like.
TRY THIS IN A BLANK DOCUMENT BEFORE EXPERIENCING PAGE AND SECTION BREAKS.
STEP 1: Click on 'Page Layout' tab and select the 'breaks' icon. A menu will be displayed as shown below.
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STEP 2: Click on 'Page break' option to see the page break you just inserted, click on the show/
hide button on the toolbar.
You will see the page break has been inserted and also a new page has been added.
Step 3: To remove the page break or section break, simply select it with your mouse and press
delete from the keyboard.
Word Task 12 : Using the Next Page break from Section breaks
STEP 1: Open a blank document and type the following.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
A hardware is the physical parts of a computer system that can be touched.
COMPUTER HARDWARE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE CATEGORIES:

INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
STORAGE DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
Input device: A device for getting data to the computer.
Commonly used input devices are:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
• Touch pad
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OUTPUT DEVICES
Output device: A device that presents data from a computer to a user.
Commonly used output devices are:
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speaker
• Plotter
STORAGE DEVICES
Storage: A piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored.
Commonly used storage devices are:
• Hard disk
• Pen drive
• CD
• DVD
YOUR DOCUMENT WILL APPEAR AS FOLLOWS:
55
STEP 2: Place your cursor as indicated below.

Place
cursor
here
STEP 3: Click on Layout and select Breaks.
STEP 4: From the Breaks option select Next Page from Section Breaks.
56
YOUR DOCUMENT WILL APPEAR AS FOLLOWS:
SETTING SECOND PAGE LAYOUT TO LANDSCAPE
STEP 5: Click at the start of the second page as shown below.

Place
cursor
here
STEP 6: Click on layout tab.
57
STEP 7: Click on Orientation and select Landscape.
Notice that the first page is in portrait and second page Landscape.
STEP 8: Click on Columns and select Three.
58
YOUR DOCUMENT WILL APPEAR AS FOLLOWS.
INSERTING A COLUMN BREAK

STEP 9: Place your cursor as shown below.

Place
cursor
here
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STEP 10: Click on Layout and select Column.
The column break will move the text to the second column as shown below.
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STEP 11: Place your cursor as shown below and repeat step 9.

Place
cursor
here
Your final document will look as shown below.
Save the document as “Computer hardware”.
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MASTER AND SUBDOCUMENTS
A master document is used to develop smaller documents which are then combine together
into a larger document.
A good example is chapters in a book. Each chapter might be in its own document, but can be
combined together, using a master document, into a larger whole that represents the entire
book.
A master document is nothing but a container for text and graphics (like a regular document),
but also pointers to individual documents called subdocuments. When you are working with
the master document, it appears to contain all the information within the subdocuments, even
though the subdocuments are individual files.
Advantages of working with master and subdocuments:
• Individuals or groups can work on the subdocuments, while someone else works on
organising the subdocuments within the master document.
• Can work on multiple documents within their final context, as determined by the master
document.
• Can create indexes, tables of contents, and other lists based on the contents of multiple files.
• Can create cross-references between the subdocuments.
• Printing an entire complex document is easier because you simply need to print the master
document.
The master document shows the links for individual Word files (also known as subdocuments.)
The content of these subdocuments isn’t in the master document; only the links to them are.
• Editing the subdocuments is easy because you can do it on an individual basis without
disrupting the other documents.
• Editing made to separate documents will automatically be updated in the master document.
Even if more than one person is working on the document, you can send various parts of it
to various people via the master document.
How to create master documents in Word
Word Task 13 : Creating the master document
Step 1: Create your sub-documents.
NOTE: These documents were those that you created while using word.
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Step 2: Create a new document and save it as main document. This will be your MASTER
DOCUMENT.
Step 3: Click View, Outline. This switches the document to Outline mode, which is required if
you want to import (and move around the sections.)
Your document will appear as shown below.
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Step 4: On the Outlining tab in the Master Document group, click Show Document.
This displays additional options in the Master Document group as shown below.
Step 5: Click Insert to browse the Master document.
Step 6: Locate the first document to insert into the Master document as shown below.
In our example, we created a folder « TASKS FOR WORD » in which all documents were saved.
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Step 7: Double click on the « TASKS FOR WORD» folder and this will produce a list of all
documents in the folder.
Step 8: Double click on the « My profile » document.
If Word asks you about conflicting styles, click Yes to All. This keeps styles in the subdocuments
consistent with the master document.
65
Your output will be similar to the window below.
Step 9: Repeat steps 4 to 8 to add more documents.

I have added Letter of absence and school journal to the master file.
NOTE: You must be in Outline mode to add new sections, remove (delete) sections, or change the
order.
Step 10: Click on Close Outline View option.
The three documents will appear as shown below:
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Step 11: Return to Outline View again as in step 3.
NOW WE WILL SPLIT A DOCUMENT INTO SUB-DOCUMENTS
Step 12: Place your cursor as indicated below and click on split.

Place
cursor
here
Step 13: Place your cursor as indicated below and click on split.
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NOTE: When you look at the main document {master document} the links for individual Word files
only is displayed as shown below.
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 2 I Word Processing
QUESTION 1:
Below is a student's letter absence received by a form teacher.
Out of the four options given, choose the correct one by encircling the appropriate letter.
a) The heading’s name label letter W is
A Bold B Bold and underline
C Italic D Bold, Underline and center
b) In the letter, the main text paragraphs starting from “Dear Madam” are

A Align right B Align left
C Justify D Center
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c) In the date “24th June 2018”, the letters “th” labelled letter Y are in
A Italics B Subscripts
C Superscripts D Bold
d) The character format of the text labelled X is

C Center D Justify
e) Changing the font size of a text is called
A Text formatting B Grammar and spell checking features
C A feature of control panel D Page preview
f ) The font style of the sender’s name of the letter is in
A Bold B Italics
C Underlined D Subscript
g) The character format of the text labelled Z is
C Center D Justify
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 2 I Word Processing
QUESTION 2:
a) Faiz is in the computer lab preparing a project, using the Word Processing
programme.
He was instructed by his teacher to insert a Header and Footer. Read the passage below and
fill in the blanks, using the following words.
bottom, automatically, insert, top, date, page numbers
Headers and Footers are inserted ____________________________ on every page of the

document. To insert a Header and Footer one must click the _________________________
menu.
Besides typing your name, you can also insert the _______________________________
and the ____________________________________. The Header appears at the
____________________________ of the page while the Footer is seen at the
_____________________________.
b) The following questions refer to what you have learnt in the practical
session in Microsoft word. Label each of the following properly.
a) ____________________________ d) ____________________________
b) ____________________________ e) ____________________________
c) ____________________________ f) ____________________________
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(c) Use the following list of features to fill in the answer box corresponding
to their meanings.
(Scrolling, Indentation, Word wrap, formatting)
a) Process of changing the appearance of a document.

b) The feature that automatically moves any word that

crosses the right margin to the next line.
c) Moving the document up, down, left or right.
d) Starting a line further from the margin than the other lines.
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Additional Notes
73
74
Unit 3 I Presentation
Unit
Presentation
Learning Objectives

• Explore notes and handouts
• Create and modify speaker notes
• Create notes and Notes Page View
• Preview presentations in Print Preview
To Create Speaker Notes in PowerPoint 2016

A presenter can refer to speaker notes while delivering a presentation to an audience. The
Speaker Notes usually contain important points to keep the presentation going smoothly.
During the presentation, only the speaker can see the notes on his monitor. The speaker notes
are not visible to the audience.
To create Speaker Notes in Ms PowerPoint 2016
1 Create the slide as shown below and click the Notes command at the bottom of the screen
to open the Notes Page view.
75
2 Click and drag the edge of the pane to resize it.
3 Click in the Notes pane area to add notes.
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TO CREATE NOTES IN NOTES PAGE VIEW

You can also access the Notes Pane view to modify and review notes.
Go to the VIEW tab
Click on the Notes Page command in the Presentation Views group..
Speaker Notes can be typed in the textbox below each slide.
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TO MODIFY SPEAKER NOTES
To modify any speaker notes, just click in the textbox below the slide and edit the notes.
To Create Handouts of Presentation.
Handouts are hardcopy of slides that a presenter can give to the audience to follow the
presentation. The audience can use the handouts to take additional notes.
To Create Handouts of Presentation Using Print Command.
1 Click the File tab. You will go to the Backstage view.
2 Click Print.
78
3 Click the drop-down arrow in the Full Page slides box and locate the Handouts group.
4 Select a page layout for the handouts. Up to nine slides can be displayed per page.
79
5 In this example, the 3 slides layout has been chosen. It has lined spaces for audience to
take note.
6 Click Print command.
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To Create Handouts of Presentation Using Export Command.
This method will export the handouts in a Word document.
1 Click the File tab. You will go to the Backstage view.
2 Click Export.
3 Select “Create Handouts” option and Double Click on this icon.
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4 Choose “Notes next to slides” option in the dialog box that appears.
5 Click OK button.
6 The slides together with the notes are created in a Word document as below:
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To Preview Presentations in Print Preview
Print Preview allows to view how a presentation would look like on the screen before printing
a hard copy.
The Print pane allows to preview and print your presentation.
To access the Print Pane
1 Select the File Tab. The Backstage view will appear.
2 Select Print. The Print pane will appear.
Preview Area
On the right-hand side, the slides to be printed will be previewed.
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Ms PowerPoint 2016 offers four types of print layouts to choose from when printing a
presentation, namely: Full Page Slides, Notes Page Slides, Outline Preview and Handout
Preview
Types of Description Output

print layouts
The Full Page This layout prints

Slides a full page for
each slide in the
presentation.
The Notes Page This layout prints

Slides each page together
with its speaker
notes for the slide.
The Outline This layout prints an

Preview overall outline of the
slide show.
The Handout This layout prints

Preview thumbnails versions
of each slide. Up to
nine slides can be
displayed per page.
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 3 I Presentation
Question 1
Fill in the blanks using the list below:
layout hardcopy Print Preview speaker

softcopy Master presentations
(a) During a presentation, only the __________________can see the notes on his monitor.
(b) The Notes Page command is found in the ___________________ views group.
(c) Handouts are ____________________ of slides.
(d) __________________ allows to view how a presentation would look like on the screen
before printing.
(e) When printing a presentation, four types of _________________ are available in the
presentation software.
Question 2
Study the Screen shot below. Which view does it show? Circle the correct
letter.
An output device is any device used to send data from a computer to

another device or user.
A Outline Preview
B Notes Pages Preview
C Handout Preview
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Question 3
Match Column A with Column B to show the types of print layout and its
respective description.
Column A Column B
Types of print layout Description
Full page slides It prints each page together with

its speaker notes for the slide.
Notes Page It prints an overall outline of the

slide show.
Outline Preview It prints thumbnails versions of

each slide.
Handout Preview It prints a full page for each slide.
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Additional Notes
87
88
Unit 4 I Spreadsheet
Unit
Spreadsheet
Learning Objectives
• Apply filtering and sorting
If a worksheet contains a lot of data, it can be difficult to find information quickly. Filters are used to
extract the data in a worksheet so that only the information needed is displayed.
The following worksheet contains details about a list of friends. A filter is applied to the worksheet to
display only friends living in Port Louis.
1 Create the following worksheet and save it as “friends”
2 Select Column D.
89
3 On the DATA tab click on the Filter Command found in the Sort & Filter group. A drop-
down arrow will appear as shown:
4 Click on the drop-down arrow for the column that is to be filtered.

The Filter Menu appears.
90
5 Uncheck the box next to Curepipe and Flic en Flac to deselect these data.
6 Press OK button.
The worksheet is now filtered to show only friends living in Port Louis.
7 To remove the Filter option, Click on the command in the Sort & Filter group.
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How to sort data in an Excel worksheet
Sorting is a way to organise a set of data based on some specific criteria.
Data can be organised alphabetically (A-Z or Z-A) or numerically (Lowest to Highest or Highest
to Lowest).
Spreadsheet Activity 1 : Sorting a list of friends in alphabetical order( from A to Z).
1 Open the “friends” worksheet:
2 Select the range of data to be sorted. In this example, select the range from A1:F6.
3 Select the DATA tab on the Ribbon, then click the Sort command.
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4 The sort dialog box appears. In this example, the worksheet is sorted by “First Name” and
in the A to Z order.
5 Click OK after your selection.
6 In this example, the “First Name “column has been sorted from A-Z.
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Quick Test 4.1
Question 1
Below is a list of statements, state whether these are TRUE or FALSE.
Put a tick in the appropriate column.
Statements TRUE FALSE
Filtering means putting data in an organised way.
This icon is used for sorting.
Data can be sorted only from A to Z.
A range of cells need to be selected before sorting is done.
Question 2
Study the data in the worksheet below and answer the questions which
follow:
Table 1
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 4 I Spreadsheet
Using this filter command, write the output in the table below:
Refer to Table 1, a filter has been applied. The output is shown below:
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Complete the Filter Menu by checking the columns to give the above output.
Spreadsheet Activity : Sorting
1 Create the worksheet below:
2 Sort the list of the ” Student_Name” column from Z to A.
3 Sort the “Marks” column in with ascending order from Smallest to Largest.
96
Additional Notes
97
98
Unit 5 I Internet
Unit
Internet
Learning Objectives
• Differentiate between a search engine and a meta-search engine
• Use a meta-search engine in Web searches
• Decide when to use a meta-search engine
• Explain the difference between a cable-based and a wireless network
• Choose between wireless or a wired network ( or a combination of these two)
according to a particular context
|
5.1 Search Engines
Recall
A Search engine is a service that allows Internet users to search for contents
(websites, images, videos or other online data) via the World Wide Web (WWW)
based on keywords or key phrases.
Examples of search engines:
www.google.com www.yahoo.com
www.bing.com www.ask.com
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|
5.2 Meta-search Engines
A meta-search engine is a different type of search engine that gives results based on a
combination of results from several search engines.
Examples of meta-search engines:
www.dogpile.com
www.metacrawler.com
When to use a meta-search engine?
• When you are looking for information that could be difficult to find.
• When you are looking for a wide variety of results (hits) on a particular subject.
• To access a large number of sites.
• When you want search results to be improved.
Difference between a search engine and a meta-search engine.
A search engine has its own database of websites/

webpages while a meta-search engine does not
have its own database of websites/webpages. It
searches the databases of different search engines
to provide results.
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Unit 5 I Internet
Use a Meta-search engine in Web searches.
Activity 1
Using www.dogpile.com as a
meta search engine
a. Type www.dogpile.com in the address bar.
(Dogpile.com is a Meta-search engine that combines search results from Google, Yahoo!, Bing
and Ask.com.)
b. The Meta-search engine will open in the browser.
c. Type the word Mauritius in the search bar.
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d. The results are as follows:
Activity 2
Perform the same search in

other meta-search engines
www.crawler.com
www.metacrawler.com
www.search.com
www.excite.com
www.monstercrawler.com
www.webcrawler.com
www.seekky.com
www.beaucoup.com
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Unit 5 I Internet
|
5.3 Computer Network
Recall
What is a computer network?
A network consists of two or more computers that are connected

together in order to share resources, exchange files or allow electronic
communications.
Connecting computers in a network can be cable-based, wireless or a

combination of both.
Difference between a cable-based and wireless network.
Cable-based network
A cable-based network is simply a connection of two or more computers, printers, and

other devices using cables.
Consider your school computer laboratory or school administrative office. The computers
used in these two places do not need to be moved around. So computers can be
connected through a cable-based network.
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What is a wireless network?
Wireless networks are computer networks that

are not connected by cables. They use radio
waves instead.
Example:
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
Did you know

Low WIFI signal.
In the Wi-Fi logo, the starting point
Poor connection.
symbolizes the Wi-Fi source and the
waves represent the strength of the High WIFI signal.
connection to the Wi-Fi source. Good connection.
Wireless networks let you connect many devices such as computers, printers, smartphones,
tablet computers, audio components, and even your smart TV.
For example, at home, the use of wireless network offers the user the possibility to move around
while still being connected to the Internet.
104
Unit 5 I Internet
Another example of the use of wireless network is inside the classroom where students can use
their tablet PC to share information.
A combination of cable-based network and wireless network used

in a particular context.
Both cable-based and wireless networks may be used in

a school library where computers are at the disposal of
students to do research on the Internet.
A few desktop computers can be connected using

cables and students who bring their own laptops can
use Wi-Fi.
105
Differences between wireless network and cable-based network
Wireless Cable-Based
Devices connected to the network can Devices cannot be moved around the
be moved around within the network network.
coverage area.
More costly to set up as equipment are Less costly to set up as equipment are
expensive. inexpensive.
Network cable Network Interface

Card
Wifi Dongle Wireless Router
Devices can be easily added to the network. Adding more devices in a cable-based
network is complex.
106
Unit 5 I Internet
Resources may be accessed from Devices connected to the network

anywhere within the network range. cannot be moved around because it is
tied to the network with cables.

Less secure connection. More secure connection.
(Connection to the wireless network can (Physical connection to the network is
be done from outside the building) needed)
Activity 3
Observe how computers are

connected in your school network.
Activity: Select the type of connection available at your school and tick (√ ) as appropriate.
Type of connection
Cable-based Wireless No connection
i. Administrative office
ii. Computer Lab
iii. Library
iv. Classroom
v. Audiovisual Room
vi. Art Room
vii. Design Room
viii. Hall
107
Exercise 1
1. Complete the following crossword.
1 2 3 4
ACROSS DOWN
5. Worldwide network 1. Examples of a wireless network
6. Used in a wired network 2. Connecting devices without using

cables
7. Needed to view websites
3. Connection of 2 or more computers
4. To look for something
2. Complete the following words
a. N_ _ W _ _ K (A connection between 2 or more computers)
b. S_ _ R_ H -E _ _ _ _ E (Used for web search)
c. M _ _ A- S _ _ _ _ H (e.g. Dogpile)
108
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 5 I Internet
3. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
a. A Meta-Search engine has its own database. ( )
b. A Search engine combines results from different Meta-Search engines. ( )
c. Google.mu is an example of a Meta-Search engine. ( )
d. A cable-based network offers a wireless connection. ( )
e. It is easier to add a device to a cable-based network than a wireless network. ( )
4. Fill in the blanks with given words.

[Metacrawler, network, wireless, secure, wires]
a. ___________________ is an example of a Meta-Search engine.
b. A __________ can be both cable-based and wireless.
c. The cable-based network uses _________.
d. The ____________ network uses radio waves.
e. The cable-based network is more _________ than the wireless network because physical
access to the network is needed.
109
5. Circle the correct answer.
a. Which of the following is not a search engine?
A www.google.mu C www.bing.com
B www.yahoo.com D www.govmu.org
b. ___________ is an example of a wireless network.
A WiLi C Cable-Based
B WiFi D WWW
c. ________________ uses resources from different search engines.
A Beta-Search engine C Meta Engine
B Alpha-Search engine D Meta-Search engine
d. Setting up a wireless network ___________ than a cable-based network.
A is cheaper C is more expensive
B does not cost more D have same cost
110
Unit 5 I Internet
Additional Notes
111
112
Unit 6 I Multimedia
Unit
Multimedia
Learning Objectives
• Enhance a video using learner –recorded
narration and overlay text.
|
6.1 Create a simple hand drawn storyboard
A Storyboard is a plan that contains images and instructions to create a video. It allows you
to have a clear overview how the whole video will look like. It gives you instructions on how to
create/design the video in a logical way.
How to create a storyboard?
Step 1: Choose a title. E.g My Dog, My best friend etc.
Step 2: Choose a storyboard template available online.
See example below.
113
Step 3: Fill in the template with your story. Include photos and descriptions. The photos
and text is for illustrations. You can use your own photos and text.
My Dog Dori
Insert dog’s name on photo

Text : My name is Dori and I am 4 years old
Insert another picture. Text: Dori is a

Text overlay
Broder collie breed to control livestock
Audio : Dori likes swimming and play

frisbees
Audio overlay
Recorded
Audio :Dori likes to accompany me in
narration
discovering new places
Record a video of 5-10 seconds

with you and your dog.
Pre- recorded
video using
Waving hands to say Goodbye
mobile phones
Text overlay: means to place (superimpose) one or more text over images
or video.
Audio overlay: means to superimpose one or more audio file over a video.
Recorded narration: it means to record your voice to describe a particular

story. Your voice can be recorded using a mobile phone.
114
Unit 6 I Multimedia
|
6.2 Creating the video using Windows Video Maker
Prepare Yourself
Get your photos on your computer
Record your audio narration
Record a video of your dog and you for 5 seconds
Step 1: Open Windows Video Maker
Step 2: Insert a title for the video, “My Dog Dori”

Click here to add

title
Double click here

to modify title
115
Step 3 : Change background and time
Step 4: Insert picture of dog Dori
116
Unit 6 I Multimedia
Step 5: Insert text over the picture (text overlay)
To insert a text over a picture use caption icon
Refer to storyboard to know what text to type.
Change the time to 3 seconds.
117
Step 6 : Insert a second picture of Dori and insert text overlay.
Step 7: Insert audio overlay on picture

• Insert picture (refer to storyboard)
• Record your voice using a mobile phone. The text is found in the storyboard. With the help
of your teacher, transfer the audio recording to your computer. Name it my Narration.
• To add the audio file to your video click on Add Music icon .
The name of the audio

file appears in green.
118
Unit 6 I Multimedia
• The audio file will play at the start of the video. To remediate this problem, click and drag the
audio file until it reaches the 3rd photo.
The narration will start

when the third photo
appears. Preview your
video to test it.
Step 8 : Add pre recorded video
• Using your mobile phone to record a video of you and your dog. Wave your hands to say
goodbye. Transfer the video to your computer. Name it my video.
Video
added here
Step 9 : Preview your video and save it
Congratulations
for your video.
NOTE TO EDUCATORS: More videos and tutorials available on CD.
Activity 1
Create a a video on a topic of your choice.

E.g my best friend
Do not forget to design your storyboard first
119
Additional Notes
120
Unit 6 I Multimedia
Additional Notes
121
122
Unit 7 I Health, Safety & Ethics
Unit
Health ,Safety and Ethics
Learning Objectives
• Define Computer ethics, Information privacy & Security of data.
• Demonstrate an understanding for the need of computer ethics when
using computers.
• Discuss the implications of information privacy.
• Explain the implications of software piracy, computer crime and hacking.
• Explain how to keep data secure in computer systems.
• Identify the threats to data security.
|
7.1 Introduction
Computers can be misused in a variety of different ways, for example copying copyrighted
materials, such as music, video or software and unauthorized access to a computer system.
Therefore, it is very important to set a guideline in order to prevent the misuse of data.
Did you know
Copyright provides legal protection to an author’s

original work (e.g book, music, films)
Example: no copying and distribution without an

author’s permission.
123
|
7.2 Computer Ethics
Computer Ethics refers to a set of principles that regulate the use of

computers in everyday life.
Ethics relate to “right” (ethical) and “wrong” (unethical) conduct.
Using only licensed software is an example of an ethical conduct.
An example of an unethical conduct is to access someone’s personal information on a computer

system without his/her permission.
There are many issues which are related to computer ethics. In this chapter, we will cover issues
like information privacy and data security.
Quick Test 7.2
Read the statements below, then

put a tick (√ ) in the relevant boxes.
Number 1 has been done for you.
Number Statement Ethical Unethical
1 Copying other people's work and claiming it as your own. √

2 Protecting customers’ personal data.
3 Downloading copyrighted music and films for free.
4 Taking pictures to embarrass or humiliate someone.
5 Using someone else's username and password.
6 Ask authorization before using a computer in

the school computer laboratory.
7 Spreading malicious gossip about someone over

a social network.
8 Use a computer to steal information.
9 Copying your friend’s homework.
10 Use copyrighted software for which you have paid for.
124
Did you know
The Computer Ethics Institute

(CEI) created 10 Commandments
of Computer Ethics.
|
7.3 Good computer practices
Below are five of the 10 commandments:
1. Do not use the computer in ways that may harm other people. Example: Corrupting other
users' data or files.
2. Do not spy on another person's computer data. Example: Reading someone else's email
messages or files.
3. Do not use the computer to spread wrong information.

Example: Spreading false news or rumours through social networking sites or emails.
125
4. Do not use pirated software. Purchase licensed software.
Example: making illegal copies of copyrighted software.
5. Do not copy another people's work and claim it as your own.

Example: Copying your friend’s computer project and submitting it as your own work.
Quick Test 7.3
Fill in the blanks using the following words.

illegal wrong unethical information claim
1. It is considered _____________ to corrupt other users' data or files.
2. Do not __________ another people's work as your own.
3. Making ___________ copies of copyrighted software is not allowed.
4. It is __________to spy on another person's computer data.
5. Do not use the computer to spread wrong ____________.
Today, with the widespread use of computers, the number of computer

crimes around the world has increased. This has caused billions of
damages to companies.
126
|
7.4 Computer Crime
Computer crime refers to the dishonest practices involving computers.
Two common examples of computer crimes are software piracy and hacking.
|
7.4.1 Software Piracy
Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution or use of software.
Effects of software piracy:

Did you know
• It is punishable by Law.
A virus is a small computer
• Risk of viruses. program that causes harm to
• Pirated software cannot be updated. the computer system. It can
• Financial losses incurred by software companies. delete or damage data.
|
7.4.2 Hacking
Hacking is gaining illegal access to a computer or a network. Around 80 million hacking occur
every day. A hacker is someone who gains unauthorized access to a computer system to steal
information or commit fraud.
Effects of hacking:
Did you know
• Loss of data.
Identity theft is the illegal
• Manipulation of data.
use of someone else's
• Financial loss. identity for personal interest
• Negative reputation (e.g. for a company) or gain.
127
Quick Test 7.4
State True or False
1 Identity theft is illegal.
2 Computer crime involves computers.
3 A hacker cannot commit fraud.
4 Hacking is an example of computer crime.
5 Software piracy means unauthorized copying of software.
|
7.5 Information Privacy
Privacy refers to keeping one’s personal information and affairs to oneself. For example,
• Personal information (e.g. name, address, date of birth, mobile number…. etc.)
• Health records
• Financial data (Salary, bank statements)
• criminal records
Information privacy or data privacy is the right to have some control over how your personal
information is collected and used.
Human beings like to have control over their privacy. They value who knows what about them.
They do not want their personal information to be accessible to anyone at any time.
Effects of Information privacy are:
• Leaking of confidential information

• Using inaccurate data.
• Destruction or corruption of databases
128
Quick Test 7.5
Word Search
Find 5 words related to computer crime and Information privacy in the puzzle below.
List down the words.
V F R A U D P 1. ....................................................................
I H A C K E R
2. ....................................................................
R A G X Y Z I
U T H E F T V 3. ....................................................................
S J B D E F A
4. ....................................................................
E A N M K I C
S O R T X A Y 5. ....................................................................
|
7.6 Security of data
Data security refers to keeping data protected from being corrupted and
accessed illegally.
Many people and companies depend a lot on their computer systems. If the data on these
computer systems is damaged, lost, or stolen, it can lead to disaster.
|
7.6.1 Main threats to data security
Data may get:
• lost or become corrupted by computer viruses

• hacked into by unauthorized users
• lost by accidentally deleting or overwriting files.
• corrupted or lost as a result of hardware malfunction.
• destroyed by natural disasters such as flood and fire.
• deleted or altered by employees intentionally.
129
|
7.6.2 Measures to keep data secure
• Making regular backups of files.

• Installing and updating anti-virus software.
• Using passwords to restrict access to data.
• Storing important files on removable disks, for e.g. locked Did you know
away in a fireproof and waterproof safe.
Backup means to make a copy
of files. Backup is done in case
the original files are lost or
damaged.
Quick Test 7.6
Fill in the blanks with the missing words.
1. _________ refers to keeping one’s personal information and affairs to oneself.
2. _________ are used to restrict access to data.
3. Making a copy of files as a precaution is called __________.
4. A computer _________ can corrupt data.
5. Keeping data protected from corruption and unauthorized access is known as _______
__________.
130
END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 7 I Health, Safety & Ethics
Exercise 1
Unscramble the letters below to make words related to computer ethics and safety. Then use
the letters in the boxes in the new words to solve the computer ethics and safety riddle that
follows:
AYPIR ___ ___ V ___ C ___

EFTH T ___ ___ ___
PBAKU ___ ___ C ___ ___

EIRC ___ ___ ___ M
UITEC S ___ ___ R ___ ___ Y
UFAD ___ R ___ ___
A person who gains unauthorized access to a computer system is called a

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.
Exercise 2
a) What do you understand by the term data security?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
b) Describe three main threats to data security.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
131
c) State two measures that can be taken to keep data secure.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3
Read the statements and circle the correct answer.
a) Computer _________ refers to a set of principles that regulate the use of computers in
everyday life.
A Crime C Ethics
B Piracy D Privacy
b) Do not use the computer in ways that may ________ other people.
A harm C spy
B steal D protect
c) Do not use computer technology to __________ information.
A buy C steal
B save D pay
d) Software __________ is the illegal copying, distribution or use of software.
A privacy C fraud
B piracy D copyright
e) One of the measures to keep data secure is to make regular ___________ of files
A hacking C corruption
B access D backups
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END OF UNIT QUESTIONS Unit 7 I Health, Safety & Ethics
Exercise 4
a) Describe the term, computer ethics.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
b) State any three commandments of computer ethics.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 5
a) Define the following terms:
i. Hacking
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................
ii. Software Piracy
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
iii. Information Privacy
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
133
b) List two effects of hacking.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
c) List two effects of software piracy.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
134
Additional Notes
135
136
Unit 8 I Practical problem solving and programming
Practical problem solving

8
Unit
and programming
Learning Objectives
• Create a sequence of instructions in a visual programming language such as
Scratch/Logo.
• Perform mathematical calculations and modelling
• Identify and use flowchart symbols
|
8.1 Flowchart
A flowchart is a diagram which uses symbols to represent problem solving steps. Lines and
arrows are used to show the sequence in which the steps occur. The shape of the symbol
indicates which type of information goes into the symbol.
Flowchart symbols
Symbols Description
Start This symbol indicates the start of a flowchart
Stop This symbol indicates the end of a flowchart
Input Input symbol is used to insert data for processing
Output Output symbol is used to display data after processing
Process It is used whenever there is a calculation, sorting or

matching to be carried out.
137
It refers to a decision which results in two possible choices.
Decision? The answer to the Decision/Question can either be Yes or
No
Flowlines
The flowlines indicate the movement of the data.
Designing a flowchart using sequence
A sequence is a series of steps that is carried out one after the other.
Example: Create a flowchart to add two numbers
Step Description Symbol Example 1 Start
1 Input the first number

5
Input second
2 Input the second number Input second Number
4
Number
Sum = first Number
+ second Number
3 Calculate the sum Sum = first
Number + second 5+4=9
Number
Sum
4 Output the result Sum 9

Stop
138
Designing a flowchart using selection
A selection is a condition that will determine which

Yes
particular step or set of steps is to be executed. This is also Condition?
known as a decision.
Example:
Create a flowchart to input the age of a college student and No
output "Adult" if the age is 18 or more or "Minor" if the age
is less than 18.
Step Description Symbol Example 1 Example 2
1 Input the age of the Input Age 13 20

student
2 Compare the value for Is Age > Is 13 >=18? Is 20 >=18?

Age entered and 18 = 18?
No Yes
3 If answer to the question Output Adult

is Yes, output “Adult” “Adult”
Output
4 If answer to the question
“Minor” Minor
is No, output “Minor”
Start
Input Age
Yes
Is Age > Output
= 18? “Adult”
No
Output
“Minor”
Stop
139
Exercise 1:
Match the symbol to the correct description or descriptions.
Symbols Description
It represents a calculation
A decision
To insert data /display information
Lines which indicates the flow of data
Indicates the beginning / end of a

flowchart
Exercise 2:
Complete the flowchart to calculate the area of a rectangle. Start
Input: Length, Width

Process: Length * Width
Output: Area
Stop
140
Exercise 3:
Create a flowchart which inputs two numbers. It then subtracts the second number from the
first one and outputs the result.
Exercise 4:
Complete the flowchart on the right.

Start
It inputs a Mark and outputs:
Distinction if mark >= 80
Pass if mark >= 50
Fail if mark < 50
1 output
Yes
“Fail” Is Mark
>=80?
output
2 “Distinction” No
3 Is mark >= 50? Yes

Output “Pass”
4 Input Mark
No
Stop
141
|
8.2 Scratch
Scratch is a visual programming language which lets you create your own interactive stories,
games and animations. It is similar to children’s building bricks toy. You can also share your
creations with others in the online community.
You can download the offline version of scratch 2.0

from the following web address:
https://scratch.mit.edu/download
NOTE: On the MIT website, there are many exercises, tutorials and other interesting materials
which can be useful in your learning.
The Scratch 2.0 Interface.

Double click on the icon to open Scratch. The interface below is displayed with five main
features.
1. The stage.
The stage is the place where all sprites and the action they
perform can be seen.
On the top of the stage there are two buttons:
Green Flag — To play (Broadcasts) the project.

Stop Sign — Stops all scripts in all sprites.
142
2. The Stage Backdrop
The backdrop is the background of

the stage.
There are four different ways to

change the backdrop, but focus
in this book will be on “change
backdrop form the Library”
The Backdrop Library
The Backdrop Library organises

backdrops under different
categories and themes .
3. The sprite Pane.
A sprite is a character or object

which can be added to the stage.
By default, a sprite cat appears on
the stage.
The Sprite Pane includes all the

information about the selected
sprite.
How to add a new sprite?

There are four different ways to add
a new sprite on the stage.
Paint a new sprite Sprite from camera
Sprite from library Upload sprite from file
143
In this book, the focus is on adding
a sprite:
From library
The library organises sprites under
different categories, themes or types.
From a file.
Choose a location on your computer.
4. The block Palette
It contains pieces of codes called “blocks” that can be dragged onto the Script area. It is possible
to create a programme (project) in scratch, by adding scripts to sprites.
There are three types of tabs containing block: Scripts, Costumes and Sounds.
Scripts
Scripts are instructions that tell the Sprite what to do. Under the
Scripts tab, blocks are categorised as the Motion, Looks, Sound,
Pen, Data, Events , Control, Sensing, Operators and More Blocks.
144
Costumes
The costume is the appearance of a sprite and it can be modified in the costume tab.
Sounds
The Sounds Pane contains a list of audio
clips which comes from different sources:
a. Choose a sound from the library
b. Record a new file
c. Upload sound from file.
5. Script Area
It is the area reserved for the commands which are added to different sprites in order to
create animations. The commands are organised under Block Palette and they are dragged
to the script area.
145
Do the following activities in order to understand how scratch works.
Activity 1
Make a sprite move

and talk
The cat sprite says a few words before moving towards the ball.
Step Description On the stage
1 Click on the sprite library

icon and select the ball sprite.
Position the Cat sprite and Ball

sprite on the stage as shown in
the picture.
2 Under the Looks group, drag the Click on the say command in the
say command to the Script Area. Script Area to see the following
animation on the Stage.
Type “what a nice ball”
146
3 Now we want to make the cat say

something else after a pause.
Under the Control group, there is a

wait secs command
Drag it under the say command in the Make sure the blocks click together.
Script Area and type “1” in it.
The wait secs command will

allow the animation to pause for 1
second before we add another say
command with the text “I want to
play with it”
3 We make the cat moves near

the ball by using the glide secs
command. First add another wait
1 sec command and an empty say
command to remove all text. Please
do not run the animation yet.
147
Under the Motion group, Click on top of the pile of commands
in the Script Area and watch the
animation on the Stage as the
programme run the commands in a
sequence.
Drag the glide secs command and

add it to the existing sequence.
Final position
Type (x 70, y 10) as shown below.
148
4 If you run the animation again, you Click on top of the pile of commands
will observe that the cat stays at the to run the sequence again.
last position with the text being
displayed.
To correct this, we must reset the

cat’s position to its starting position
by using the set X to and set Y to
commands under the motion section.
The reset values are: X -100, Y 10.
We must also reset the say command

so that the animation starts without
any text being displayed.
Click on top of the pile of commands

Add these new commands to reset with the reset commands inserted.
the animation as shown below The animation sequence should run
smoothly now.
149
5 To run the animation by Click on the Play button
using the Play button on on the Stage to run the
the Stage. animation.
Under the Events group,
drag the
command on top of the sequence
of commands in the Script Area as
shown below.
150
Activity 2
Changing the Costume

of a sprite
A bat flying across the stage
1 First Right click on the cat sprite icon, Empty Stage

select the delete option to remove
the cat from the Stage.
Click on the sprite library

icon and select the bat sprite.
151
Position the Bat sprite on the stage,
as shown on the right.
2 To make the wings move up and Click on the next costume command
down, we will have to use two different in the Script Area to see the wings
costumes for the Bat sprite. moving up and click again to see the
wings moving down.
Under the Looks group, drag the next
costume command to the Script
Area.
3 Drag the move steps command Each time you click on the next
costume command in the Script
Area the bat moves while moving its
from the Motion group. wings.
Leave the number of steps to 10.
152
4 To make the flying animation Click on the repeat command in the

continuous, drag the repeat Script Area to run the animation.
command which is found under the
Control group. You can observe that the wings are
now moving too fast.
You can leave the number of

repetitions to 10.
5 To adjust the speed at which the wings Reposition the bat on the stage
moves up and down, drag a wait 0.2 and click on the Play icon to run the
secs inside the repeat command as animation.
shown below.
Add the When clicked

command as seen before in example
1, to run the animation by using the
Play button on the Stage.
153
Activity 3
Using selection
in animation
When the right arrow is pressed, the Beetle moves. If it hits the Candle, it says “Ouch!
That hurts.”
1 First use the sprite library to add the

Beetle and Candle.
Set the sprites on the Stage as shown

on the right.
2 Under the Control group, Drag the

if… then… else command to the
Script Area.
Condition In this
case, the Beetle
touches the Candle.
Say Ouch!
that hurts.
Move forward.
hurts
154
For the condition, use the touching

command,
which is found under the Sensing

group.
3 Place the touching command in the Click on the if command in the Script
if structure as shown below. Area to run the animation.
You can observe that the Beetle

moves towards the candle.
Select Candle
Place the say and move commands

Type in the text as shown below:
155
4 To make the Beetle move with the When you press the arrow key, the
right arrow key, choose the when Beetle moves towards the candle.
key pressed command under the
Events group When the Beetle hits the candle, it
says Ouch! That hurts.
Drag the when key pressed

command on top of the if command
in the Script Area.
Select the right arrow in the list of

options as shown below.
156
This is how the final sequence will

look like
157
Exercise 1:
Use the table below to write the letters corresponding to the different features of the Scratch
Interface displayed above.
A Block palette
B Stage
C Sprite
D Tabs
E Script Area
Exercise 2:
Create an animation to make a girl walk on the Stage. Use the Avery walking sprite from the
sprite library. Change the physical look of the sprite under the Costumes Section to make the
walking realistic.
158
Additional Notes
159
160
Unit 9 I Database
Unit
Database
Learning Objectives
• Demonstrate an understanding of the structure of a database.
• Create and modify a database structure
• Create a database table
• Enter, modify and delete data in a table
|
9.1 Definition of database?
A database is a set of data which is organised to facilitate insertion, modification, deletion and
retrieval of data stored.
A database can be manual or computerised. There are many examples of manual databases in
our everyday life such as calendars, phone directories, student diaries or attendance registers.
Exercise 1: List a few other manual databases.
1. ……………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………
4. ……………………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………………
There are some disadvantages with manual databases
1. The data is stored in filing cabinets which takes up a lot of space.

2. The same data may be duplicated since it is difficult to keep track of it.
3. A manual database is vulnerable to fire or natural disasters.
4. It is difficult for more than one person to use it at a time.
161
5. Manual databases can be damaged easily.
6. It is time consuming to add or retrieve data.
Nowadays, special computer programmes are used to create computerised databases such as
MS Access, Fox Pro, Oracle. The advantages which computerised databases have over manual
databases are:
1. More data can be stored

2. Faster to find a specific data, especially when searching in large databases
3. Data analysis is done quicker as reports are automatically generated
4. Easier and faster to retrieve data
5. Modifying data is much easier
6. Different users can have access to different data
7. There is no duplication of data
8. Data can be sorted easily
9. Backup can be done easily
|
9.2 Structure of database
Understanding the organisation of a database: Attendance register
The attendance register below is an organised set of data which consists of fields and records
and it is called a table. A database file can have many tables.
Fields : A field is a heading which groups similar data
Records:
A collection
of data for
a person or
an object
Primary Key: A field which uniquely identifies a record. It is used to facilitate search
and retrieval. Student Number is the only field containing unique data for each
student , therefore it is the primary key.
162
Unit 9 I Database
Before inserting data in a table, the fields must be created and the correct datatype selected
for each field. This is called designing the table structure. A data type specifies which type of
data can be added under a specific field. Below is an explanation about the most common data
types.
Text consists of alphabets, numbers, special characters

( a b …z, A b …Z, 0….9, ?@...)
Numeric data consist of numbers only (0…9)
Date and time format: DD/MM/YYYY. For example,

25/04/2012
Unique value generated by the program for each new

record.
Boolean data: True/False, Yes/No.
Activity 1
Creating a student register to

store student details in MS
Access 2016.
Follow the steps below.
Step 1: Creating a database file.
When you launch the programme,

the opening screen displays a
workspace to build a database.
Choose Blank database and type
a file name <TipiyuRegister> then
click on create. A database file
called TipiyuRegister is created.
163
The opening interface consists of several parts as shown below.
Step 2: Designing the table structure.

Field Name Data Type
This database will contain a table called Student ID Auto number

<StudentDetails>. The Fields and data types
Surname ShortText
must be decided first.
Name ShortText
Address ShortText
DOB Date/Time
Step 3: Creating the table structure in Ms

Access 2016
We must create the fields and select the

data type for each field. Double click on the
heading ID to modify the field to StudentID.
164
Unit 9 I Database
Click on “click to add” to select the Short Text

data type. Then, add the field StuSurname
and StuName. Do the same manipulation to
create the Address field.
Now add the DOB field by

selecting the Date/Time data type.
Step 4: Saving the table
Save the table under an appropriate table name. Click on File in the menu and select Save.
In the Save As dialogue box, type the Table Name: StudentDetails.
Click OK to save the table and notice that the table name has changed
both in the Navigation Pane and in the Work Area
165
It is possible to modify an existing table
structure by right clicking on an existing field
and select one of the following options:
Adding a new field
Renaming a field
Deleting a field
Step 5: Enter, Modify and Delete data in a table.
Enter record
Now that the table has been created, click under the different fields to add records. The data
type for the StudentID field is auto number and the value under this field will be generated
automatically. Type data as shown below and save the table.
166
Unit 9 I Database
Delete record
To delete a record, place the pointer at the start of the record, right click and select the Delete
Record option
Right click here
Modify record
To modify a record, simply click in the cell containing the data you want to modify and overwrite
existing data.
Exercise 1
A. Create a new database file called <Workplace>.

Field Name Data Type
Then create the table structure as shown on the
right. The table name is <Employee>. Emp ID Auto number
First name ShortText

Last name ShortText
Department ShortText
Hire Date Date/Time
Earnings Currency
167
B. Insert the following records in the table <Employee>.
C. Modify the following details in the table, Employee.
i) Shannon Lee got married and is now called Shannon Chew.
ii) Trevor Johnson has changed department and is now in AD.
iii) Roger Williams left the company, please delete his record.
iv) Add a new record at the end of the table for Anna with the following details:
Anna Johnson, SH, today’s date, $29,000.00
168
Unit 9 I Database
Additional Notes
169
Additional Notes
170
© Mauritius Institute of Education - 2018
ISBN: 978-99949-44-98-9

Ict Skills GR 8

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Information and

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PANEL

Kaviraj Goodoory - Coordinator, Associate Professor, MIE

© Mauritius Institute of Education (2018)

Wishing plenty of joy and success to all students.

The workbook consist of 9 units which are as follows:

The workbook is learner oriented and consists of the following:

The Information and Communication Technology Panel

Tipiyu is back again!

I will guide you through the ICT Grade 8 book.

What is your name?

Computer operations and

• Describe the features of input and output devices

• An input device is a piece of hardware used to enter

Laptops have integrated keyboards but, like

Keyboards are used at home, at school and in all places of

Keyboards are used for data entry in computerised systems.

A mouse may be wired or wireless and connect to

Basic operations of a mouse:

“Right-click” means pressing and releasing the right button of

A touchpad is a pointing device found on laptop computers.

A joystick is a cursor control device mainly used for

Moreover, a joystick can be helpful as an input device for people

A scanner is a device that produces a digital image of

Barcode reading is very popular

A touchscreen is a computer screen that is sensitive to pressure.

Touchscreens are easy to use and are often

A microphone is a device used to input audio (sound) into a computer

A microphone is used for online chatting,

A digital camera captures pictures and records

Moreover, images and videos can be transferred

A web camera, also called webcam, is a video camera that

Web cameras are used in video conferencing

Different types of sensors are used in different applications.

Suggested Activity : Internet Search : Sensors

Discuss with your friends and surf on the Internet to

Quick Test 1.1

1. Fill in the blanks using the following words:

digital sensors scanner input barcodes

b) Images from a ............................... camera can be transferred to a computer.

c) ............................... can be found on smart phones.

e) A ............................... is used to enter sound into a computer.

f ) A barcode reader uses a laser beam to read ............................... found on products.

g) A ............................... converts printed information to a digital image.

h) An input device used mainly for data entry is the ...............................

i) A ............................... can be used to control cranes.

j) A ............................... can be used to control the cursor instead of a mouse.

2. Match the following:

Touchpad Used by visually impaired people.

Braille keyboard Used in video conferencing.

Temperature sensors Used in supermarkets.

Web camera Used to take pictures in digital form.

Digital cameras Can replace a mouse.

Barcode readers Used in automatic cooling systems.

(ii) Open a file on the desktop.

(iii) Convert a printed photograph into format that can be

(iv) Play computer games.

(v) Capture pictures that can be transmitted electronically.

• An output device is a piece of hardware

Hardcopy and softcopy

Dot-matrix printers are used in banks, retail outlets

Did you know

Multipart stationery is continuous

1 GB = 1024 MB = 10241024 KB = 10241024*1024 bytes

1 TB = 1024 GB = 10241024 MB = 102410241024 KB = 10241024*1024