Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

FLUID MECHANICS LAB

Experiment No.14

Submitted By: Uzair Akram

Reg. No.: 20-ME-9

Date: 17-02-2022

Section: A1

Submitted To: Engr Abdul Rehman

Mechanical Engineering Department

Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology Taxila

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 1

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

EXPERIMENT NO. 14
TITLE: -
To study and draw characteristic curves of Axial Flow Impulse Turbine by using data acquisition system
INTRODUCTION: -
First, we will discuss the manufacturer of the assembly of the experiment.
G.U.N.T. :
Since 1979, G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH has been developing, producing, and selling equipment that is used
in technical education at vocational schools, technical colleges, and universities. Thanks to outstanding
product quality, high productivity, and broad know-how the company has developed into one of the leading
suppliers in the technical training systems sector.
The Perfect Foundation for Forward-Looking Training:
 Didactic and methodological approaches as a basis for product development.
 For every product: Clearly defined range of experiments and carefully thought-out learning
objectives.
 Extensive use of real industrial components and parts to give our training systems a high degree of
practical relevance.
 With many GUNT products: PC data acquisition and process visualization, modern linking of
hardware and software.
 Clear and comprehensive experimental and operating manual for every product.
 In many cases: Modular product design for varied experimental possibilities.
 Systems ready to use with little work.
 Robust design for reliable long-term use, primarily by pupils and students.
The equipment range has now grown to more than 1000 units and systems split between over 50 different
areas. It is constantly being updated and expanded with new equipment. This allows GUNT to cover all the
important aspects of training in engineering and related areas.
EXPERIMENTAL UNIT DETAIL: -
The G.U.N.T. HM 291 Axial Flow Impeller Turbine Demonstration Unit with PC Data Acquisition
System is part of range of equipment that enables experiments to be performed on hydraulic motors and
machines such as pumps, fans, and water turbines.
All demonstration units in this range are equipped with electronic sensors for PC data acquisition.
Using HM291 demonstration unit, the characteristic behavior of a water turbine can be determined.
1. Power as a function of volumetric flow rate, pressure, and speed
2. Recording of torque characteristic curve
3. Determination of the turbine efficiency

The system is only intended to be used for training and experimental purposes.
UNIT DESCRIPTION:

In addition to the actual demonstration unit, a functional experimental setup includes:

1. An HM 290 Turbine Service Unit
2. An Interface Module (HM280.01)
3. A PC Data Acquisition Card with software (HM 280.03)
4. A set of connecting cables (HM 280.04)

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 2

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

The HM 290, HM 280.01, HM 280.04 units are included and must be ordered separately. They can also be
used with other demonstration units in this range, e.g., HM289, 291 etc.

EXPERIMENTAL MODULE:

The experimental module contains the following specific components:

1. The water turbine (Axial Flow Impulse Turbine) to be investigated
2. The water connection
3. Water Inlet in Turbine
4. A braking device with torque sensor (Strain Gauge force transducer)
5. Speed sensor (inductive proximity switch)
6. All components are fitted to a Sturdy Base Plate
7. Base Plate fixed on tank using two bolts
8. Bolted Bearing
9. Cantilever Mounted Impeller
10. A shaft seal provides Sealing
11. Braking device consisting of Braking Belt
12. Belt Pulley
13. Guide Pulley
14. Tensioning Bolt
15. Splash Protected Housing
16. Impeller Shaft

The supply of water with the pressure and volumetric flow rate measurement is performed using the Turbine
Service Unit.

HM 280.01 INTERFACE MODULE:

The interface module provides the power supply for the sensors and feeds the measured signals to the data
acquisition card in the PC.
On the front panel of interface module there are eight 5-pole sockets that are connected to the sensors using
data cables. The sockets 1-8 are for the sensors with voltage output of 0-5V. Beside these it is also possible
to connect TTL-based digital signals.
The pins on the sockets are assigned as follows:
1. Pin 1: +15-V
2. Pin 2: Analogue input (0-5 V)
3. Pin 3: Ground

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 3

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

4. Pin 4: Digital Input (TTL)

5. Pin 5: -15 V

Also on the front panel of module there is an ON/OFF switch (2).

On the rear panel a non-heat resistant mains connector with series fuse is fitted, the module is supplied with
230V/50Hz via this connector.

Front Panel Rear Panel

HM 280.02 Power Meter:

Whilst the interface module is imperative for the operation of the demonstration unit; the Power Meter is
optional.
The following components are fitted to the front of the Power Meter:
1. Digital Display (1) for displaying the power
2. Master Switch (2) for switching on and off the loads
3. Red LED (3) for the indication of over range measurements.
4. 5-Pole socket (4) as analogue output (0-5V)

The power Meter is inserted in the mains cable to the demonstration unit. A unit is fitted to the rear panel
that comprises a switch, connector and fuse (5), this is used for the supply from the mains (230V,50Hz). The
fan is then supplied via a non-heat resistant socket (6).

Front Panel Rear Panel

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 4

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

PROCEDURE TO OPERATE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

INSTALLATION OF THE TURBINE:

1. Fill the supply tank with around 15 liters of clean water.

2. Place the HM291 turbine model on the tank and bolt in place using the two hand bolts.

CONNECTING THE SENSORS:

The connection between the transducers and the Interface Module is made using 5-Pole cables.

1. Flow rate F1 (1) on sensor input 1 (HM290)

2. Inlet pressure P1 (2) on sensor input2 (HM290).
3. Speed n1 (3) on sensor input 3 (HM291).
4. Torque 4 on sensor input 4 (HM291).
5. Pump power 5 on sensor input 5 (HM280.02)

If the sensors are connected differently, incorrect measured values will be displayed.

CONNECTING TO THE PC:

Data transfer to the PC is performed using a ribbon cable that is inserted in a socket on the rear of the
Interface Module.

PC Connection

CONNECTING THE POWER SUPPLY:

The demonstration unit is supplied with Power from the mains (230V. 50 Hz).
The following figure shows the connections:

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 5

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Mains Connection

PLACING INTO OPERATION:

1. Switch on interface module

2. Switch on PC, start windows and start the run time software for the HM280.03.
3. Loosen the tensioning Bolton the braking device until the belt is no longer under any tension.
4. Switch on the pump, open the valve on the service unit, check connections for leaks and run up the
turbine.
5. Check whether plausible measured values are displayed.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 6

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

6. Using the tensioning bolt, tension the belt and retard the turbine. The torque display on the PC
should now start to increase.

RECORDING THE TURBINE

CHARACTERISTIC CURVE:

Torque, power and efficiency level are applied over speed

to determine the turbine characteristic curve. The flow rate
remains constant for this.
1. Switch on the interface module
2. Close the ball cock on the HM 290 completely
3. Switch on the Pump HM290
4. Using the ball cock adjust the flow rate and
pressure to the required levels
5. Loosen the tensioning Bolton the braking device
until the belt is no longer under any tension. The turbine is running at maximum speed.
6. Increase the load gradually using the adjusting screw and record the subsequent measuring points.
7. Finally increase the load until the turbine locks up. The characteristic curve is then completely
recorded.

Recording the turbine characteristic curve can then be repeated for other flow rates.

Experimental Module Layout

House Connections Running wheel

RESULTS:

The following figure shows a graphic of the turbine characteristic curves.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 7

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: -

With One Nozzle:

Sr # Vol Flow Rate Pressure Output Power Input Power Efficiency Torque Speed
V P Pmech Phyd Eta M N
l/min Bar Watt Watt %age N-m rpm
1 4 2.89 1 19 5 0.2 3700
2 4 2.88 1 19 7 0.4 3400
3 4 2.88 2 19 10 0.6 3120
4 4 2.88 2 19 13 0.9 2710
5 4 2.88 3 19 14 1.1 2270
6 4 2.88 3 19 14 1.4 1800
7 4 2.88 2 19 13 1.6 1440
8 4 2.87 2 19 11 1.8 1090
9 4 2.87 2 19 8 2 670
10 4 2.87 1 19 4 2.3 340
11 4 2.87 0 19 0 2.7 0

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 8

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

GRAPH:

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 9

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

With Two Nozzles:

Sr # Vol Flow Rate Pressure Output Power Input Power Efficiency Torque Speed
V P Pmech Phyd Eta M N
l/min Bar Watt Watt %age N-m rpm
1 8 2.54 0 32 0 0.1 4050

2 8 2.55 4 32 11 0.8 4270

3 8 2.55 5 32 16 1.3 3860

4 8 2.55 6 32 19 1.6 3670

5 8 2.55 7 32 22 2.1 3260

6 8 2.54 8 32 24 2.7 2790

7 8 2.55 8 32 24 3 2420

8 8 2.53 7 32 23 3.4 2090

9 8 2.54 7 32 21 3.7 1760

10 8 2.54 6 32 18 4.1 1360

11 8 2.54 4 32 14 4.3 960

12 8 2.54 2 32 7 4.4 490

13 8 2.54 0 32 0 4.9 0

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 10

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

GRAPH:

CONCLUSIONS:
In this lab, we learned about the G.U.N.T industries and how they collaborate to design various machines to
work for demonstration in mechanical and fluid mechanics labs. In previous labs, we learned about the
impulse turbine and its efficiency practically. But now in this lab, we learned how to use acquisition system
to find all these things numerically. We discussed the torque, mechanical power, hydraulic power and
efficiency of the Axial Flow Impulse turbine using a complete autonomous system.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 11

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Experiment Title: To study and draw characteristic curves of Axial Flow Impulse Turbine by
using data acquisition system
Course title: Fluid Mechanics Lab Total Marks: ___________
Practical No. 14 Date of experiment performed: 10-02-2022
Course teacher/Lab Instructor: Engr. Abdul Rehman Date of marking: ____________
Student Name: Uzair Akram
Registration no:20-ME-9
Marking Evaluation Sheet
Taxonomy Contributio Max. Obtained
Knowledge components Domain
level n marks marks
1. Student has conducted the
experiment by practicing the
hands on skills. Psychomoto
Precision (P3) 60% 15
2. Student has achieved r
required accuracy in
performance.
3. Student has contributed or
responded affectively in form Affective Respond (A2) 20% 5
of group or team.
4. Student has knowledge
regarding the experiment and
successfully applied the input Cognitive Apply (C3) 20% 5
values for required
calculations.

Total 25

Signed by Course teacher/ Lab Instructor

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 12