Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

FLUID MECHANICS LAB

Experiment No.2

Submitted By: Uzair Akram

Reg. No.: 20-ME-9

Date: 27-11-2021

Section: A1

Submitted To: Engr Abdul Rehman

Mechanical Engineering Department

Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology Taxila

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 1

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

EXPERIMENT NO.2
TITLE: -
To determine the depth of center of pressure of an immersed surface.
APPARATUS: -
1. Perspex Tank
2. Pan for weights
3. Lever arm with counterweight
4. Segmental ring
5. Drain valve

THEORY: -
 Center of pressure of an immersed body is always lower than its center of gravity.
 In physics, an imaginary point in a body of matter where, for convenience in certain
calculations, the total weight of the body may be thought to be concentrated. This is the center of
gravity.
 The center of pressure is the point where the total sum of a pressure field acts on a body, causing
a force to act through that point.
 The only force considered to be acting in this case is the force acting straight upwards, since it
has a moment arm. All other forces are acting through the center of the body, hence have no
moment arm, thus having no effect on the body.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: -
1. Place the empty tank on the bench and position the balance arm on the pivot.
2. Place the balance pan in the groove end of the balance arm
3. Position the counterbalance weight until the balance arm is horizontal.
4. Add a known amount of weight to balance pan. Pour water in the tank until the balance arm is
horizontal again.
5. Read the depth of immersion from scale on the face of quadrant.
6. Now calculate the experiment and theoretical depth of center of pressure by the following formulae

W xl
hexp = - d
P
Total Pressure , P=wA x̄
Intensity of Pressure , P=wh
IG
hthr = + x̄
A L x̄
(For Rectangular Surface) IG=BD3/12

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 2

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

 Make a comparison of theoretical readings and experimental values and find error by following
formula
hexp−hthr
% Error = ×100
hexp

APPLICATIONS: -
 Metacentric height of a ship dictates its stability.
 The center of gravity is an important concept in determine the stability of a body, and where majority
of its weight acts.

COMMENTS: -
 In this lab, students learn how to deal with a submerged body.
 Importance of weight balancing is realized.
 The massive applications of this lab in different industries and manufacturing processes are
brought into the view of students.
 Students learn how to practically find the center of gravity and center of pressure of an immersed
body.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: -

Area = 13419mm2
I G = 19508489.4 mm 4
L = 383.54 mm
−6 kg
w = Specific weight of water = 1×10
mm3

Sr. Weight Distance Centre of Wl IG %age Error

hexp = hthr =( )+ x̄
wA x̄ A x̄ hexp−hthr
No “Kg” D “mm” Gravity” x̄ ”
×100
“mm” “mm” hexp
“mm”
1 0.85 65 108.4 159.11 121.8 23%
2 0.80 72 106.04 143.63 119.74 16%
3 0.75 81 94.04 146.69 109.49 25%
4 0.70 90 84.04 134.70 105.36 21%

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 3

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

FINAL CONCLUSION: -

After performing this lab, we got to study about the depth of center of pressure on a
floating body. We have also come to know that how to find metacenter of the body. We
have calculated it both theoretically and experimentally so that we get the idea about the
certain errors in the instruments, or the random error caused by us.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 4

 Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Experiment Title: To determine the depth of center of pressure of an immersed surface.

Course title: Fluid Mechanics Lab Total Marks: ___________

Practical No. 2 Date of experiment performed: 8-11-2021
Course teacher/Lab Instructor: Engr. Abdul Rehman Date of marking: ____________
Student Name: Uzair Akram
Registration no:20-ME-9
Marking Evaluation Sheet

Knowledge components Domain Contribution Max. Obtained

Taxonomy level
marks marks
1. Student has conducted the
experiment by practicing the
hands on skills. Psychomotor Precision (P3) 60% 15
2. Student has achieved required
accuracy in performance.

3. Student has contributed or

responded affectively in form of Affective Respond (A2) 20% 5
group or team.
4. Student has knowledge
regarding the experiment and Cognitive 20% 5
Apply (C3)
successfully applied the input
values for required calculations.

Total 25

Signed by Course teacher/ Lab Instructor

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 5