University of Engineering & Technology Taxila

Department of Industrial Engineering

Lab Session # 10
Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Lab Instructor: Engr. Aisha Tayyab
Semester: 4th Session: 2k20
Total Marks: Obtained Marks:
Name of Student:Arslan Ashraf Roll No: 20-IE-13
Knowledge components Domain Contribution Max. Obtained
Taxonomy level
marks marks

Student has conducted the

experiment by practicing the Manipulate (P2) 10
hands on skills and following
Psychomotor 70%
standard procedures.
Student has achieved required
Precision (P3) 5
accuracy in performance
and Calculations.
Student is aware of safety rules Receiving (A1) 3

Student used the safety Affective 3

Respond (A2)
equipment during experiment. 20%
Student has followed all the
Valuing (A3) 2
timelines provided during the
lab session
Student is aware of the basic Knowledge (C1)
concepts Cognitive 10% 2
Student has analyzed and Evaluate (C4)
compared the results.
Total 25

Normalize
marks out of 5
(5)

Evaluation Sheet
 Lab Instructor’s Signatures:

Title:

To investigate the tensile strength, percentage contraction and percentage elongation for a
given specimen

Equipment:

 Tensile test machine

 Force gauge
 Dial gauge
 Dial gauge clamp
 Vernier caliper
 Electric supply
 Specimen clamp

Figure. 1: Universal testing machine

Introduction:

All ductile materials have a stress-strain relationship as appears in the diagram:

The diagram is divided into two ranges:

1. In the first range the material behaves elastically and Hook's law prevails. Hook's law states
that in the elastic range strain are proportional to stress.
2. In the second range the material behaves plastically until the Ultimate stress that the
material can withstand is reached. Fracture occurs at a stress little below the maximum
stress.

Normal Stress = (Load / Area) =F/A

Normal Strain = (Change in length / Original length) = ∆L / L

Yong's Modulus (E) = Stress / Strain (in the elastic range)

Tensile strength: The maximum stress that a material can bear before fracture.

Yield strength: Stress at the point in stress-strain curve where plastic deformation starts.

Applications of Tensile Test:

 Used for testing strength of materials
  Use to predict how a material will perform under normal and extreme forces
 Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical
characteristics of isotropic materials
Procedure:

1. Set up the specimen in the Universal testing machine.

2. Load the specimen slowly and as uniformly as possible. Keep tightening the locking screws
initially to prevent the specimen slipping.
3. Record the extension at load increments of every 5 KN in the elastic range.
4. At the yield point it is suggested that extra readings are made (each 0.5 KN).
5. Continue loading and recording extensions at 0.5 KN increments up to a safe value below
the forecast fracture load. Remove the extensometer before fracture: This is most important,
as damage to the extensometer will occur if it is in place during fracture.
6. Remove the specimen for study of fractured area. Fit the two pieces together and measure
the final length between the extensometer marks and the diameter in the "neck ".
7. Calculate values for stress and strain plot against each other.
8. Determine values for Young's Modulus (E) from the graph.
9. Calculate values for Percentage reduction in area and elongation.
10. Repeat for another specimen.

Precautions:

 Note the readings carefully.

 Adjust the specimen on the post tightly for accurate readings.
 Take 10-15 readings.
Observations and Calculations:

Initial diameter of the specimen, do = ___________ mm

Initial area of the specimen, Ao = πdi2/4 = ___________ mm2

Initial length of the specimen, Lo = ___________ mm

Force
Elongation Stress Strain Elasticity
Applied
Sr. No.
F Dial gauge x σ = F/Ao ε = x/Lo E = σ/ ε
(N) (units) (mm) (kN/mm2) kN/mm2
1

10

11

12

13

14

15
Results and Data Analysis:

Modulus of Elasticity, E = ___________ kN/mm2 (in elastic range)

Initial length of the specimen, Li = ___________ mm

Final length of the specimen, Lf = ___________ mm

Lf − L
% Elongation = i
= = ___________ %
Lf

Initial diameter of the specimen, Li = ___________ mm

Final diameter of the specimen, Lf = ___________ mm

d f −d
% Contraction = i
= = ___________ %
df

Variation of Stress with Strain of the Specimen

 12

10

8
Secondary Axis (if any):

6
Scale: 1 box =

2
Axis Title:

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Axis Title: Scale: 1 box =