Chapter 1 : Stimuli and

★ detects stimuli
★ sends information in the
form of impulses

Responses ★ interprets impulses

★ produces appropriate
responses
➢ 1.1 ⇔ HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
❏ Voluntary and Involuntary Actions
❏ Functions of the Human Nervous ➔ The human body's
System response to stimuli can
be divided into voluntary
actions and Involuntary
actions.

★ Voluntary actions
● A conscious action and
conducted under one’s will.
● Involves skeletal muscles
● Controlled by the brain
● Ex: reading, writing, speaking,
drinking, walking, running and
etc.

★ Involuntary actions
● Involuntary actions are actions
that occur immediately without
conscious control or prior
thoughts.
● Can be classified into two :

➔ The main function of the ➔ Involving medulla oblongata

nervous system is to
coordinate the activities of the ⇒ heartbeat
body by sending nerve ⇒ breathing
impulses from one part to ⇒ peristalsis
another part. ⇒ secretion of saliva.
➔ Information is transmitted
through the nervous system in ➔ Involving spinal cord (reflex
the form of electrical signals actions)
called impulses.
➔ The human nervous system ⇒ withdrawing hand when it
controls and coordinates accidentally touches a hot object
organs and parts of the body. ⇒ withdrawing foot when it
accidentally steps on a sharp object
⇒ sneezing when dust enters the
nose.
★ Voluntary actions
★ Involuntary actions