SAFETY ENGINEERING

CODE: CE430A

Prepared By:

AdU Civil Engineering Faculty

 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A

SAFETY
ENGINEERING
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
 CE 430A

OBJECTIVES
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

At the end of this session, will be able to:

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

1. Discuss about Safety Engineering

2. Discuss about DOLE and OSH in the Philippines
3. Discuss the laws and policies
4. Discuss the different hazards in construction
5. Discuss hazard assessment
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A

SAFETY
ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Safety engineering is the process of designing

workplaces to prevent accidents.

Safety engineering also is the key component for

eliminating hazards that would otherwise be controlled
by either administrative controls or use of personal
protective equipment as a barrier between a hazard
and a worker.
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OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

OSHA is part of the United States Department of Labor.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DOLE – Department of Labor and Employment, Philippines

Article 162 Labor Code – The Secretary of labor shall by appropriate
order set and enforce mandatory OSH Standards to eliminate or reduce
OSH hazards in all workplaces and institute new and update existing
programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions in all place of
employment.
Article 165 Labor Code - DOLE shall be solely responsible for the
administration, enforcement of laws, policies and programs on OSH.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A

Website: osha.gov
Website: dole.gov.ph
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OSHC - Occupational Safety and Health Center

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

- Undertakes continuing studies and researches on OSH

- Plans, develops and implements training programs on OSH
- Undertakes practical testing for safe use and sets standard
specifications of PPEs
- Monitor workers’ exposure to hazardous substance and
environmental conditions.

The Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) was established

through Executive Order No. 307, signed by the late President Corazon
C. Aquino, on November 4, 1987.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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BWC – Bureau of Working Conditions
The BWC performs primarily policy and program development and advisory
functions in the administration and enforcement of laws relating to working
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

conditions. It oversee the implementation of standards through technical

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

supervision of enforcement by the DOLE’s Regional Offices all over the country.
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ECC – Employees Compensation Commission
The ECC is responsible for initiating, rationalizing and coordinating the policies on
employees compensation programs as well as deciding appealed cases from the
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GSIS and SSS, the agencies which initially administer the employee’s
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

compensation program in the public and private sector.

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ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION FOR OSH

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DOLE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Implements laws,
policies, plans,
ECC programs, projects,
rules and regulations
BWC of the DOLE.
OSHC

RO1 RO2 RO3 RO4 RO5 RO6 RO7 RO15

Note: RO – Regional Offices of DOLE/BWC

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CONSIDERED THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH STANDARDS
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Book IV, Title I – Medical, Dental Occupational Safety and Health

and Occupational Safety Standards, (OSHS)1978
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OSHS in the Philippines

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

The Occupational Safety and Health Standards was formulated in 1978 in

compliance with the constitutional mandate to safeguard the worker’s social and
economic well-being as well as his physical safety and health. Adopted through the
tested democratic machinery of tripartism, the 1978 Standards is considered as a
landmark in Philippine labor and social legislation.

With joint efforts from the Bureau of Working Conditions, the International Labour
Organization (ILO) Manila Office and the tripartite sectors, the revisions to the OSH
Standards were approved in August 1989. With the latest improvements in the
Standards, all establishments covered will now be provided with a better tool for
promoting and maintaining a safe and conducive working environment.
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HOW DOLE ENFORCE OSH LAWS ?

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

 The OSH laws are enforced and monitored by the DOLE through
its Regional Offices manned by labor inspectors vested with
visitorial and enforcement power under Article 128.

 Labor inspectors also disseminate information, advocate and

give technical assistance on OSH
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Two (2) Types of OSH Inspection

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1. Technical Safety Inspection – inspection for the purpose of safety

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

determination of boilers, pressure vessels, internal combustion

engines, electrical installations, elevators, hoisting equipment and
other mechanical equipment

2. General Safety and Health Inspection – refers to inspection of

work environment, adequacy of work space, ventilation, lighting,
handling, storage or work procedures, protection facilities, location
and operation of machinery other than those covered by technical
safety inspection and other safety and health hazards in the
workplace.
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International Labor Organization (ILO )

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CODE OF PRACTICE – Safety and Health in

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Construction
The code was approved for publication by
the Governing Body of the ILO at its
250th Session (May-June 1991).
The designations employed in ILO
publications, which are in conformity with
United Nations practice.
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Department Order No. 13
Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

and Health in the Construction Industry

Objectives
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

• To ensure the protection and welfare of

workers employed in the construction
industry
• To ensure protection and welfare of the
general public within and around the
immediate vicinity of any construction
worksite as w ell as the promotion of
harmonious employer-employee relationships
• To take into consideration industry practices
and applicable government requirements

• Effectivity – signed into law July 23, 1998

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R.A. 11058
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

An act strengthening compliance with occupational safety and health

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

standards and providing penalties for violations thereof.

The OSH Law has a matrix indicating the administrative fines that may be imposed
for willful non-compliance of said law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
(IRR) under DOLE Department Order No. 198, S. 2018.
Pursuant to DO No. 198, the DOLE Secretary and his representatives (through the
Bureau of Working Conditions) is empowered to conduct spot audits and can enter
workplaces (which include production sites) at any time of the day or night where
work is being performed to examine records and investigate facts, conditions or
matters necessary to determine compliance with OSH rules and regulations, and in
the case of the Safe Filming, to the FDCP-DOLE Joint Memorandum Circular
(JMC). DOLE may order a stoppage of work or suspension of operations of any unit
or department when non-compliance poses grave and imminent danger to the safety
and health of workers in the workplace.
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R.A. 11058
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Prohibited Acts and It’s Corresponding Penalties

Any willful failure or refusal of an employer, contractor
or subcontractor to comply with the following OSH
standards below or with a compliance order issued by
the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his/her
authorized representative shall be penalized of the
administrative fines as follows:
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Department Order D.O. 198, S. 2018

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Description Amount
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Registration of establishment to DOLE 20,000.00

Provision of job safety instruction or orientation prior to work 20,000.00
Provision of worker’s training (first aid, mandatory workers training,
25,000.00
mandatory OSH training for safety officers and health personnel)
Provision of safety signage and devices 30,000.00
Provision of medical supplies, equipment and facilities 30,000.00
Submission of reportorial requirements as prescribed by OSH
40,000.00
standards
Provision of safety officer and/or OH personnel 40,000.00
Provision of certified personnel or professionals required by the
40,000.00
OSH standards
Establishment of a safety and health committee 40,000.00
Formulation and implementation of a comprehensive safety and
40,000.00
health program
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Department Order D.O. 198, S. 2018

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Description Amount
Provision of information on hazards and risk (absence of chemical
safety data sheet, no written SOP in materials handling, lifting etc.,
40,000.00
no permitting system for confined spaces/hot works, no lock-out/tag-
out system etc.)
Provision of sanitary and welfare facilities 40,000.00
Use of approved or certified devices and equipment for the task 50,000.00
Provision of PPE or charging of provided PPE to workers 50,000.00
Compliance with DOLE issued WSO 30,000.00
Compliance to other OSH standards 40,000.00

Note:
SOP – Service Operating Permit
WSO – Work Stoppage Order
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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Hazard
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

potential source of danger that may cause

harm or damage, e.g. electricity, chemicals,
working up a ladder, noise, a keyboard, a
bully at work, stress, etc.
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Safety hazard
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

something that has potential for injury

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Health hazard
something that has a potential to cause illnesses
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Physical Hazards
These are environmental factors that can harm an employee without necessarily
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

touching them, including heights, indoor air quality, etc. These further include
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and death.

Physical hazards include:
Radiation: including ionizing and non-ionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
materials
High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
Gases under pressure
Temperature extremes – hot and cold
Constant loud noise

Electricity- exposure to electrical live parts can result in serious injuries and fatalities,
including electric shocks, burns, explosions and falls from height. The risk is increased in wet
conditions, where a worker’s equipment and surroundings can also become live.

Fires - Every workplace is at risk of fire. However, some workplaces are at an increased risk –
either due to the work activities or types or employees/residents. For example, care homes, schools,
hotels, organizations that carry out hot work, food manufacturers and restaurants. Fires can be
devastating, both to the organization and to the people impacted, they can cause serious injuries, such
as burns, asphyxiation and fatalities. A risk assessment is an essential precaution in fire safety
procedures; our free template will help you complete one for your premises.
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Safety Hazards
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Something that has a potential for injury

Safety hazards are number one on the list of workplace hazards. These hazards play
an effect on employees who work directly with machinery or on construction sites.
Safety hazards are unsafe working conditions that can cause injury, illness, and death.
Safety hazards are the most common workplace risks.
They include:
- Anything that can cause spills or trips such as cords running across the floor
or ice
- Anything that can cause falls such as working from heights, including ladders,
scaffolds, roofs, or any elevated work area.
- Unguarded and moving machinery parts that a worker can accidentally touch.
- Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins, and improper wiring
- Confined spaces.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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Ergonomic Hazards
These are a result of physical factors that can result in musculoskeletal injuries. For
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

example, a poor workstation setup in an office, poor posture and manual handling.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Ergonomic safety hazards occur when the type of work, body positions, and working
conditions put a strain on your body. They are the hardest to spot since you don’t always
immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose. Short-
term exposure may result in “sore muscles” the next day or in the days following the
strain, but extended exposure can result in serious long-term issues.

Ergonomic Hazards include:

Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
Frequent lifting
Poor posture
Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently
Excessive vibration
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Psychological Hazards
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Psychological hazards are aspects of the work environment

and the way that work is organized that are associated with
mental disorders and/or physical injury or illness. When
psychosocial hazards are not effectively managed, they can
negatively impact on organizational measures including
productivity, absenteeism and turnover.
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Biological Hazards
These include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc., that can cause adverse health
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

impacts. For example, mould, blood and other bodily fluids, harmful plants, sewage, dust
and vermin.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Another definition of biological hazards, commonly known as biohazards, can be any

biological substance that could cause harm to humans. Biological hazards exposure to
harm or disease from working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials.
Workplaces with these kinds of safety hazards include, but are not limited to, work in
schools, daycare facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency
response, nursing homes, or various outdoor occupations.

Types of things you may be exposed to for biological hazards:

Blood and other body fluids
Fungi/mold
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites
Animal and bird droppings
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Chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the
workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas). These are hazardous substances that can cause
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

harm. These hazards can result in both health and physical impacts, such as skin irritation,
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

respiratory system irritation, blindness, corrosion and explosions. They can be very
dangerous but might not always be immediately identifiable in the workplace.

Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even
common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing problems.

Chemical hazards can be present in the following:

Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – particularly if hazardous
products are in an unlabeled container
Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to solvents
Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide, helium, h2s gas
Hazardous products and flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive
chemicals
Pesticides
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Natural Hazards
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Mostly coming from natural calamities.

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Anthropogenic Hazards
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Hazards caused by human action or inaction which has a

negative impact in the society.
Contrasted with natural disasters which occur without human
interference.

Sabotage,
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Technological Hazards
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

The following list indicates the type of actions which can constitute technological hazards:
- release of chemicals to the atmosphere by explosion, fire
- release of chemicals into water (groundwater, rivers etc.) by tank rupture,
pipeline rupture, chemicals dissolved in water (fire),
- oil spills in marine environment
- satellite crash (radionuclides)
- radioactive sources in metallurgical processes
- other sources of releases of radionuclides to the environment
- contamination by waste management activities
- soil contamination
- accidents with groundwater contamination (road, rail)
- groundwater contamination by waste dumps (slowly moving contamination)
- aircraft accidents
- releases and contaminations as a consequence of military actions (e.g. depleted
uranium), or destruction of facilities
- releases as consequence of the industrial use of biological material (e.g. viruses,
bacteria, fungi)
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT .
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A
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Hazard Assessment
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Steps
1. Identify the hazard
2. Assess the risks
3. Evaluate the existing controls
4. Implement additional risks controls
5. Monitor and review
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A

The difference between

ACCIDENT and HAZARD?

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Accident - An “Accident” is defined as unplanned event that

results in personal injury or property damage. (US-OSHA)
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Incident - An “Incident” is defined as an unplanned event that

does not result in personal injury but may result in property
damage or is worthy of recording. (US-OSHA)

Basically, by definition, all accidents are

incidents but not all incidents are accidents.
1. Struck against rigid structure
2. Struck by falling object
3. Caught in, on or between
4. Fall on same level
5. Fall in different level
6. Electrocution
7. Fire
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CONCLUSION
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

“Safety has to be everyone’s

responsibility… everyone needs to
know that they are empowered to
speak up if there’s an issue.
– Captain Scott Kelly
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REFERENCES
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Occupational Safety and Health Center. https://oshc.dole.gov.ph/

DOLE OSH Standards=2017-2 Book
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ILO Code of Practice in Safety

Department Order No. 198. S. 2018
Republic Act 11058
Department Order No. 13. S. 1998. Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and
Health in the Construction Industry
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ASSIGNMENT
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

In your own words, explain the importance of Safety

Engineering and explain also your reasons why some
contractors at times does not follow these construction
guidelines under D.O. 198? Site at least 2 items of
administrative fines not followed and explain.

At least 2 paragraphs.
You may rephrase but do not copy the whole sentence in
the source file. Be original.
Post your answers in BB.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CE 430A