Cost of Living Rises and Solutions

HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT CÁC ĐỀ IELTS
WRITING THÁNG 8/2019 MỚI RA

BY NGOCBACH
Đề thi 01/08/2019
Report Plan:
 Paraphrase paragraph: give information>show; hours of daylight>the

times of sunrise and sunset; the same week>during 3 days
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the temperatures were higher in
Mumbai (2) the hours of daylight were longer in Moscow
 Paragraph 3: temperatures – contrast sunrise and sunset
temperatures (1) in Mumbai (2) in Moscow
 Paragraph 4: report and contrast hours of daylight in the two cities
Report:
+ Khóa học IELTS Package online “thần thánh” của thầy Bách (tăng điểm IELTS đúng như mục tiêu
mong muốn) các bạn xem thông tin ở đây nhé:
https://ieltsngocbach.com/package 1
The tables show the temperatures and the times of sunrise and sunset in Mumbai
and Moscow during three days in May 2007.
Overall, it is clear that the temperatures were much higher in Mumbai than in
Moscow. However, the hours of daylight were significantly longer in Moscow
compared to Mumbai.
In Mumbai, the temperatures at sunrise were almost constant, at 33 to 34 degrees.

At sunset, they were slightly lower at 29 degrees on each day. By contrast, the
temperatures in Moscow were very low, at sunrise reaching just 8 degrees on
Friday before rising slightly to 10 degrees and 13 degrees on Saturday and
Sunday, respectively. Sunset temperatures in Moscow fluctuated, falling from 5
degrees on Friday to 2 degrees on Saturday. There was then an increase to 9
degrees on Sunday evening.
The sun rose in Mumbai at 6:00 am, later than in Moscow where it rose just after
4:00 am. The time of sunset in Moscow was 22:00, whereas in Mumbai it was
shortly after 19:00.
169 words
TASK 2:
In many countries the cost of living is rising. What are the effects on
individuals and society? What measures can be taken to deal with this
problem?
Essay Plan:
 Introduction: refer to the task question. State that the effects are
serious, but measures can be taken.
 Paragraph 2: effects (1) individuals have to pay more, and have to cut
back on their spending (2) society – the economy declines as people
pay late or go into debt
 Paragraph 3: measures (1) subsidies for basic needs – example, the
USA should provide free medical care (2) reduce taxes for people on
low incomes (by cutting military spending)
 Conclusion: the consequences of rising living costs are serious, but
measures can be taken to tackle the problem
Essay:
It is true that in many countries, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the

majority of people to make ends meet. While the effects on individuals and
society as a whole are serious, I believe that steps can be taken to address this
issue.
Rising living costs result in hardship for many individuals and serious
consequences for society. In terms of individuals, they are faced with higher
prices for everyday necessities, such as food, paying rent or heating bills. They
are forced to make cutbacks in their household budgets in order to make the most
of the income that they have. From the perspective of society, when goods and
services are more expensive, major socio-economic changes occur. People spend
less in stores and on entertainment, or they have to pay in arrears or run up debts,
and the whole economy of the country goes into decline.
However, effective policies must be adopted to tackle the rise in living costs.
Firstly, governments should provide public subsidies for basic needs, such as
food, heating and healthcare. For example, in the USA citizens on average
incomes cannot afford rising medical bills, and so universal free medical care
should high on the agenda of the government. Secondly, if governments curbed
public spending on military weapons, they would be able to prioritize
expenditure on programmes to reduce taxes for people on low incomes. This
would help people to afford the higher prices in the shops and enable them to buy
the things they need.
In conclusion, in order to tackle the increase in the cost of living, governments

must adopt measures to help those in society who are in most need.
276 words
Vocabulary from business and money:
 to make cutbacks
Meaning: to decrease, to reduce
Example: The company made cutbacks at their stores in New York and
many employees were dismissed.
 to make the most of something

Meaning: to make something appear as good as possible; to exploit
something; to get as much out of something as is possible.
Example: They designed the advertisements to make the most of the
product's features.
 to pay in arrears
Meaning: refers to making a payment to a supplier later than the terms of
the arrangement under which goods or services were purchased from the
supplier.
Example: The company pays one month in arrears to all its suppliers and
employees.
Vocabulary from society:
 socio-economic changes
Meaning: changes relating to the society and economy of a country
Example: Mass migration to cities is a result of socio-economic changes
that include the industrialisation of agriculture.
Vocabulary from government:
 to adopt policies
Meaning: to start to use particular policies
Example: In order to deal with traffic congestion, the government must
adopt policies to restrict the use of private cars.
 to provide public subsidies for

Meaning: to give government money to reduce the costs of services or to
produce goods in order to keep the price low
Example: In order to promote agriculture that is environmentally-friendly,
the government should provide public subsidies for organic farmers.
 high on the agenda
Meaning: something which is among the first things in the list of actions to
be taken
Example: The rehabilitation of prisoners must be high on the agenda of
prison authorities everywhere.
 to curb public spending on

Meaning: to restrict what the government spends on something
Example: I would argue that it is preferable to curb public spending on
building new roads rather than to impose spending cuts on education.
 to prioritize expenditure on
Meaning: to put the need to spend money on certain things first
Example: I believe that it is important to prioritize expenditure on medical
research in order to save lives.
Other vocabulary:
 hardship [noun]:
Meaning: a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not
have enough money, food, clothes etc
Example: People suffered many hardships during the long, cold winter.
 to make ends meet [expression]:

Meaning: to earn just enough money to be able to buy the things you need
Example: Many families on low incomes struggle to make ends meet.
 to address [verb]:
Meaning: to think about a problem or situation and decide how you are
going to deal with it
Example: The quality of the air in big cities is a big problem, and
governments must address this issue immediately.
 to run up [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to allow a bill or a debt to reach a large total
Example: As a result of his gambling, he ran up a large debt at the casino.
Đề thi 10/08/2019
The diagrams show how olive oil is produced.
Report Plan:
 Paraphrase paragraph: show>illustrate; how olive oil is
produced>the process of olive oil production
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) state the number of stages (2)
mention the first and last stages
 Paragraph 3: report on the first diagram (from picking the olives to
final mashing in vats)
 Paragraph 4: report on the second diagram (from pressing the olives
to extract oil to final shipment).
Report:
The diagrams illustrate the various stages in the process of olive oil production.
Overall, seven stages can be identified, beginning with picking the olives and
ending with the shipment of the bottles of olive oil.
Initially, workers using poles knock the olives from the trees. The olives
selected for plumpness and ripeness are then washed in cold water. Next, the
olives are milled, which involves mashing and removing the stones. After
mashing, they enter large vats in which they are milled further to make a
homogenized paste.
The next stage involves the loading of the paste into a hydraulic press. There,
the paste is placed between 25-30 hemp pressing bags and, with each push of the
piston of the hydraulic press, oil is extracted. Then, the oil is pumped to a
centrifuge, to separate the oil and water, and the extracted oil is stored in
underground vats. Finally, the oil is bottled just before it is shipped to
customers.
159 words
Task 2:
Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others
however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss
both opinions and give your own opinion.
Essay Plan:
 Introduction: refer to the key words in the task question. State your
own opinion – zoos must avoid cruelty, but they can provide useful
protection
 Paragraph 2: cruel conditions still exist in some zoos. The health of
wild animals suffers.
 Paragraph 3: arguments in favour of zoos (1) many zoos provide good
conditions for animals e.g. London Zoo (2) problems faced by wild
animals in their natural habitats and the role of zoos in conservation
and captive breeding e.g. pandas
 Conclusion: zoos must provide good conditions, but they also serve an
important conservation/protection role.
Essay:
It is true that some people believe that confining wild animals in zoos is cruel and
that zoos should therefore be closed down. While I believe that cruelty to
animals should be avoided at all costs, I agree with those who see a vital role for
zoos in protecting wildlife.
On the one hand, there is an outcry in many countries over the cruel conditions
in which animals are kept in some zoos. As a result, many people argue that the
public must exert pressure on governments to shut down all zoos. For example,
in some zoos the animals are still kept in cages, with little room in which to move
around. Critics argue correctly that the health of wild animals kept in such
conditions must suffer, because they cannot exercise or follow their natural
behaviour. Physically and mentally, therefore, it is cruel to maintain wild
animals in such confined spaces.
On the other hand, others argue that not all zoos subject wild animals to
cramped conditions and, in addition, zoos perform a useful role in animal
protection. Firstly, the welfare of animals in a priority for many zoos. London
Zoo, for instance, houses wild animals in large, open spaces, often with trees or
ponds to mimic their natural habitats. Secondly, our small planet is facing an
ecological crisis. Today, there are many endangered species, because of
exploitation and habitat destruction, which have left many creatures on the brink
of extinction. Captive breeding programmes in zoos have saved some species,
including the well-known success story of the giant panda.
In conclusion, I agree that all zoos must provide spacious, natural environments
for their animals. However, zoos have an important role to play in wildlife
protection and survival.
287 words

 an outcry (at/over/against something)
Meaning: a reaction of anger or strong protest shown by people in public
Example: The new tax provoked a public outcry.
 to exert pressure on
Meaning: to use power to influence somebody or something
Example: Environmental organisations should exert pressure on
governments to invest in renewable energy projects.
Vocabulary from the environment:
 an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or
a population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking
an ecological crisis which threatens our existence.
 endangered species
Meaning: plants or animals that only exist in very small numbers, so that in
future they may disappear forever
Example: One example of an endangered species is the lowland gorilla,
which has almost disappeared as a result of the destruction of its forest habitat.
 habitat destruction
Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or
wetland, is changed so dramatically by humans that plants and animals which
live there.
Example: The elephant population in the world is declining because of
habitat destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment.
 on the brink of extinction

Meaning: an animal or plant which has almost disappeared from the planet
Example: Before the captive breeding program in zoos, the giant panda was
on the brink of extinction.
 captive breeding
Meaning: the reproduction of animals in confinement, not in their natural
habitats.
Example: A successful captive breeding program in zoos has resulted in an
increase in the world’s panda population.
Vocabulary from reading:
 a success story
Meaning: a person or thing that is very successful
Example: Although some people have great talent in their field, behind every
success story there is always a lot of hard work and effort.
Other vocabulary:
 to confine [verb]:
Meaning: to keep a person or an animal in a small, closed space
Example: During the train journey, the horses were confined in a small
carriage.
 at all costs [expression]:

Meaning: whatever is needed to achieve something
Example: Competitors in sports these days try to win at all costs, even by
cheating.
 to subject [verb]:
Meaning: to make a person or animal experience something unpleasant
Example: In prison, he was subjected to many beatings.
 cramped [adjective]:
Meaning: not having enough room to move freely
Example: The classroom was small, and so the students were forced to
work in cramped conditions.
 to mimic [verb]:
Meaning: to look or behave like something else
Example: Conditions in the astronaut training centre were designed to
mimic conditions of zero gravity in space.
Đề thi 13/08/2019
Report Plan:
 Paraphrase paragraph: show>illustrate; the water supply
system>how water is supplied
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) in future water will be recycled
(2) in future no water will enter the river
 Paragraph 3: present – report the system for pure, waste and storm
water
 Paragraph 4: future – report the system, including the changes (1)
and (2) in the overview paragraph.
Report:
The diagrams illustrate how water in Australia is supplied to users at present and
also proposed future changes to the system.
Overall, it is clear that in the future water will be recycled after treatment. No
water will be discharged into the river in future.
At present, water is stored in dams or other facilities. Then, this pure water is
sent to households, shops, and factories. Next, waste water is sent to a water
treatment plant, and after cleaning it then enters the river. Storm water,
however, enters the river directly from the city.
In the future, the storage of water in dams or other facilities will continue
unchanged, and pure water will be sent to the same users. However, in contrast
to the present system, all water will go to the water treatment plant. It will then
return to supply users as pure water following treatment, and no water will enter
the river.
154 words.
Task 2:
Students should pay the full cost for their own study, because university
education benefits individuals rather than society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
 Introduction: refer to the task question. My opinion – disagree:
students should not pay the full cost.
 Paragraph 2: individual students do often benefit from their studies.
Good job prospects, promotion, better salaries offered by
corporations – therefore they may have a better lifestyle – example
USA.
 Paragraph 3: arguments against paying the full cost: (1) students get
skills which benefit society – examples. (2) problems if students have
to pay for their studies – loans, or part-time work.
 Conclusion: disagree, because students contribute to society.
Essay:
Some people believe that students should not receive help with the costs of their
university education. While graduates may benefit individually later in life from
the opportunity to pursue a successful career, I would argue that the government
should provide funding for students.
In many cases, it is true that students benefit from their university education in
terms of future salaries. Headhunting corporations compete with each other to
offer attractive employment to graduates. Graduates can expect to have better
job prospects than non-graduates, enjoying higher pay and good promotion
opportunities. They will, therefore, be more likely to live in prosperous
neighbourhoods, with an enviable lifestyle. For example, in the USA college
graduates may earn two or three times as much as an unskilled worker.
However, I consider that there are two important reasons why students should
not pay the full cost of their university education. Firstly, they acquire skills
which are useful, and sometimes essential, to society as a whole. Doctors,
scientists and engineers are obvious examples, but other professions should not
be forgotten, such as teachers, artists or philosophers. Secondly, if students have
to pay for their education, they may be forced to pay off a huge student loan
when they graduate, or they may have to work their way through college. In the
latter case, their studies will suffer, and some may fall behind with their studies
or even drop out of college.
In conclusion, I disagree that students should pay the full cost of their university
education. Although in some cases they benefit individually from having a
degree, they also contribute to the prosperity and well-being of society and,
therefore, deserve some financial support while studying.
279 words
Vocabulary from work:

 to pursue a successful career
Meaning: to have a series of jobs in a particular area of work, with more
responsibility as time passes
Example: While many people wish to pursue a successful career, for
others it is more important to find work which is interesting and enjoyable.
 job prospects
Meaning: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities
at work
Example: People with qualifications and experience usually have the best
job prospects.
 promotion opportunities
Meaning: chances to move to a more important position in a company or
organization
Example: Perhaps the most important factor when choosing a job are the
promotion opportunities/promotion prospects.
 to acquire experience/knowledge/skill:
Meaning: to gain experience/knowledge/skill by your own efforts or
behavior
Example: Some school leavers prefer to acquire experience working in a
chosen profession rather than entering university.
 to provide funding for
Meaning: to give money to enable something to be done
Example: Providing funding for health care must be a priority of
governments.
Vocabulary from education:
 to pay off a student loan

Meaning: to repay money borrowed in order to study at college or university
Example: Owing to the difficulties of paying off a student loan, some
young people prefer to look for a job after leaving school.
 to work your way through university

Meaning: to have a job when you are at college/university in order to help
to pay for your studies
Example: He had to work his way through university because his family
was so poor that they could not afford his tuition fees.
 to fall behind with your studies

Meaning: to improve more slowly in studying than other people so that you
fail to learn the course material at the necessary speed
Example: Irregular attendance at classes is one of reasons why some
students fall behind with their studies.
 to drop out of college

Meaning: to leave college or university without finishing your studies
Example: A number of students drop out of college when faced with the
pressure of formal exams.
Other vocabulary:
 headhunting [adjective]:
Meaning: connected with the activity of finding people who are suitable
for top jobs and persuading them to join a company
Example: Headhunting drug companies are always looking for graduates
in biological sciences.
 prosperous [adjective]:
Meaning: rich and successful
Example: After the good weather, farmers will be more prosperous this
year.
 enviable [adjective]:
Meaning: something that is enviable is something that is good and that
other people want to have too
Example: He is in the enviable position of having two jobs to choose from.
(ĐỀ THI 17/08/2019)

The chart shows the water levels of 6 cities in Australia {Darwin (1), Sydney
(2), Melbourne (3), Brisbane (4), Perth (5) and Canberra (6)} in October
2009 and October 2010.
Report Plan:
 Paraphrase paragraph: shows>compares; water levels>water levels
in reservoirs
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) water levels in most cities were
higher in 2010 (2) in Canberra, reservoirs were almost full in October
2010
 Paragraph 3: report and compare the figures for the 4 cities in which
the water level increased
 Paragraph 4: report and contrast the figures for the 2 cities in which
the water level did not increase
Report:
The bar chart compares the water levels in reservoirs in six different Australian
cities in October of two consecutive years.
Overall, it is clear that the levels of water in reservoirs in most cities was higher
in October 2010 than in October 2009. In Canberra, the reservoirs were almost
full in October 2010.
In Sydney, water levels in the reservoirs rose from 75% to 81% in these months,
while in Melbourne there was a more significant rise from 25% to 38%. The
percentages of water in the reservoirs in Perth and Canberra were much higher,
however. In Perth, the water level increased from 40% to 60% in October 2009
and 2010, respectively. Water levels in Canberra increased by almost 25% to
reach almost a maximum in October 2010.
In contrast, the reservoirs in Brisbane remained at the same level of 55% full,
whereas in Darwin the water level in reservoirs fell from 45% in October 2009
to less than 30% in October 2010.
163 words
Task 2:
Some people argue that we should do research into our family history.
Others agree with the view that we should focus on the present and future
generations. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Essay Plan:
 Introduction: refer to the task question. My opinion: it is useful to

research family history
 Paragraph 2: the importance of focusing on (1) the present
generation – setting a good moral example (2) future generations –
care for the environment – fighting climate change, global warming
 Paragraph 3: the importance of family history – through personal
stories, people connect the past with their present lives
 Conclusion: it is important both to focus on the present and future,
but also to study family history
Essay:
It is true that some people believe that it is important to focus only on the present
and future generations. However, I agree with those who argue that researching
our family history is a useful and worthwhile activity.
On the one hand, it is important to concentrate on the health, happiness and

well-being of the present generation and to live sustainably for the sake of future
generations. From the perspective of the present, everyone should try to
provide a good moral example and to set patterns of behaviour that demonstrate
respect for others. For instance, being consistently kind and honest provides a
good model for children to follow during their formative years. This behaviour
will shape their personality and values as they enter adult life. In terms of future
generations, it is essential to focus on fighting climate change and to combat
global warming.
On the other hand, it is also essential to have a sense of the past, including
family history. This sense of history enables people to understand the socio-
economic changes taking place around them today. Many people enjoy
assimilating knowledge of the past by studying their family history. Discovering
the origins, the occupations and some of the life stories of previous generations
of family members helps to give individuals an understanding of time and place.
The study of family history, therefore, bridges the generation gap and helps
people to look at the past in connection with the present.
In conclusion, while it is vital to be concerned with present and future

generations, I contend that it is also both interesting and important to study
family history.
268 words
Vocabulary from family and children:
 patterns of behavior
Meaning: ways of acting and doing things (either positive or negative)
Example: Patterns of behaviour copied from parents often influence the
way that children grow up.
 formative years
Meaning: A period of a person’s life, usually childhood, that has a big
influence on the person they become later in life
Example: UNICEF states that the early childhood years from birth through
age 8 are formative years in terms of intelligence, personality and social
behavior.
 to shape a child’s personality/ values

Meaning: to decide or influence the form of a child’s personality
Example: Parents are very influential in shaping their children’s
personality through the example that they set.
 to enter adult life
Meaning:the stage when adolescents are almost old enough to be legally
independent of their parents
Example: Parents who have devoted time and thought to raising and
educating their children have given them a good prepartion to enter adult
life.
 generation gap
Meaning: the experience of not understanding your parents or grandparents
and them not understanding you due to being raised during different time
periods, in a different cultural setting
Example: They were able to bridge the generation gap by watching old
and new movies together and discussing them.
Vocabulary from the environment:
 to fight climate change

Meaning: To try to prevent changes in climate patterns, such as rainfall,
temperature and winds.
Example: Unless we consume less of the Earth’s natural resources, it will
be impossible to fight climate change and safeguard our future.
 global warming
Meaning: the process by which the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of the
greenhouse effect – in particular the increase in carbon dioxide in the air.
Example: Perhaps the major environmental challenge which faces humanity
today is global warming, because it threatens our survival.

 socio-economic changes
Meaning: changes relating to the society and economy of a country
Example: Mass migration to cities is a result of socio-economic changes
that include the industrialisation of agriculture.
Vocabulary from communication and personality:
 to assimilate knowledge
Meaning: to absorb and understand knowledge
Example: Some people claim that children assimilate knowledge more
easily than adults, citing studies into the way that young children learn.
Other vocabulary:
 worthwhile [adjective]:
Meaning: important, interesting and enjoyable. Worth spending time or
money on.
Example: Although her salary is low, she enjoys doing her worthwhile job
in the ambulance service.
 sustainably [adverb]:
Meaning: in a way that can continue or be continued for a long time
Example: It is important to manage our forests sustainably, or they will be
destroyed.
 to bridge [verb]:
Meaning: to reduce or to get rid of the differences that exist between two
things or groups of people
Example: The president referred to education as a vital means to bridge
the gap between rich and poor.

Cost of Living Rises and Solutions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cost of Living Rises and Solutions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT CÁC ĐỀ IELTS

WRITING THÁNG 8/2019 MỚI RA

 Paraphrase paragraph: give information>show; hours of daylight>the

In Mumbai, the temperatures at sunrise were almost constant, at 33 to 34 degrees.

It is true that in many countries, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the

In conclusion, in order to tackle the increase in the cost of living, governments

 to make the most of something

Vocabulary from society:

Vocabulary from government:

 to provide public subsidies for

 to curb public spending on

 to make ends meet [expression]:

 to run up [phrasal verb]:

Vocabulary from society:

Vocabulary from the environment:

 on the brink of extinction

Vocabulary from reading:

 at all costs [expression]:

Vocabulary from work:

Vocabulary from government:

 to provide funding for

 to pay off a student loan

 to work your way through university

 to fall behind with your studies

 to drop out of college

(ĐỀ THI 17/08/2019)

 Introduction: refer to the task question. My opinion: it is useful to

On the one hand, it is important to concentrate on the health, happiness and

In conclusion, while it is vital to be concerned with present and future

Vocabulary from family and children:

 to shape a child’s personality/ values

 to enter adult life

Vocabulary from the environment:

 to fight climate change

Vocabulary from society:

Vocabulary from communication and personality:

You might also like