CH3510 Momentum Transfer and MO Lab

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7.Flow Through Venturimeter

Batch: B (Thursday) Date of Experimentation:

Group: B 7 Date of Submission:

Name Roll Number

GVS Sanjay CH17B046
Aryan Pandey CH17B105
Divesh Singhal CH17B108
G Arun Karthik CH17B109
Govinda Vanjari CH17B110
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CONTENTS:

1.Introduction

2.Experimental Details

1)Aim

2)Materials

3)Procedure

4)Precautions

5)Observations

6)Sample calculations

3.Conclusions
Introduction
Venturi meter is a device used to measure the speed and flow rate of fluid through a pipe. It is
made up of a U-shaped tube filled partially with mercury. The venturi meter is connected to a
pipe at two points

The area of cross sections of pipe at ends where the venturi meter has been connected
are A1 and A2respectively. The corresponding velocity of fluid are v1 and v2. Let P1 and P2 are the
pressure of fluid at the two ends 1 and 2.

Bernouilli's equation can be written as,

-------- ( i )
The vertical height of pipe is same, so there is no contribution from the term .After
rearranging we get

-------- ( ii )
As per continuity equation

or, -------- ( iii )

- -------- ( iv)

, where h is the difference in height of liquid in the manometer and is the

density of the mercury in the manometer.
 or, ------------------------ ( v )

The volume flow rate can be calculated as,

-------------------------- ( vi )

The above expression for V2 is obtained based on the assumption of one-dimensipnal

frictionless flow. Hence the theoritical flow can be expressed as

2𝑔∆ℎ
𝑄𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = √
1 1
( 2 − 2)
𝐴2 𝐴1

Because of the above assumptions, the actual flow rate, Qact differs from Qtheo and the ratio between
them is called the discharge coefficient, Cd which can be written as
Cd =Qactual/Qtheo

The value of Cd differs from one flowmeter to the other depending on the flowmeter
geometry and the Reynolds number. The discharge coefficient is always less than due to various
losses (friction losses, area contraction etc.).

Experimental Detail
AIM
• To calculate experimental flowrate at various position of control value in case of orifice
meter as well venturi meter.
• To estimate discharge coefficient for both orifice meter and venturi meter.
• Plot discharge coefficient vs Reynold number.
Materials
• U tube manometer
• Pipe setup
• Stop watch
• Measuring Cylinders

Procedure
1. Completely open the main value to ensure proper water supply in the setup.
2. Change the position of valve and measure pressure drop as well as flow rate by keeping
control valve at various positions.
3. Allow the flow rate to settle for sometime and water is collected at other end using
measuring cylinder for regular time interval.
4. Now, water flow is increased slightly by turning on valve. The above steps are repeated and
corresponding value are noted
5. Follow this procedure for the second setup and obtained 3 reading.

Precautions
• The valves should not be open suddenly otherwise CCL4 in manometer will flow out of the
pipe due to excess pressure.
• Before doing experiment check the leakage in the setup as It will cause a error in experiment
• One must take reading only after a constant flowrate is achieved

Observations

Setup 1

Pipe diameter id= 40.5 cm

Throat diameter id= 20.5 cm

Left delta
S.No Right column(cm) time(s) volume(ml)
column(cm) h(cm)
1 112.2 110.5 1.7 4.51 1121
2 111.8 110.9 0.9 15.58 643
3 112.2 110.8 1.4 3.45 695
4 113 109.7 3.3 2.55 690
5 114.1 108.2 5.9 1.67 1190
6 113.1 109.7 3.4 3.4 1013
7 114.9 107.8 7.1 1.84 1158

Setup 2

Pipe diameter id= 36 cm

Throat diameter id= 10 cm
 Left delta
S.No Right column(cm) time(s) volume(ml)
column(cm) h(cm)
1 12.1 44.4 32.3 6.22 735
2 19 37.4 18.4 5.91 545
3 22.1 34.1 12 5.96 443
4 25.6 30.7 5.1 6.61 337
5 14.8 41.6 26.8 6.22 685
6 4.4 52.4 48 5.51 850
7 12 44.6 32.6 5.33 720

Sample Calculations
For setup 1

Actual volumetric flow rate =Q= Volume/time =1121/4.51 *.000001= 0.00024855 m3/s
Pressure difference = ΔP = ρg(Δh) = 590 * 9.8* .017 = 98.294 N
 Left Right Exp flow Theoretical
column column Δ h Time Volume rate ΔP Flow rate Re Cd
S.No (cm) (cm) (cm) (s) (ml) (m3/s) (N/m2) (m3/s)
1 112.2 110.5 1.7 4.51 1121 0.00025 98.29 0.000154702 2686.92 1.607
2 111.8 110.9 0.9 15.58 643 0.00004 52.04 0.000112562 1955.02 0.367
3 112.2 110.8 1.4 3.45 695 0.00020 80.95 0.00014039 2438.34 1.435
4 113 109.7 3.3 2.55 690 0.00027 190.81 0.00021554 3743.58 1.255
5 114.1 108.2 5.9 1.67 1190 0.00071 341.14 0.000288202 5005.60 2.472
6 113.1 109.7 3.4 3.4 1013 0.00030 196.59 0.000218782 3799.88 1.362
7 114.9 107.8 7.1 1.84 1158 0.00063 410.52 0.000316155 5491.10 1.991

Cd vs Re plot 1
3

2.5

2
Cd

1.5

0.5

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Re

For setup 2

Actual volumetric flow rate = Volume/time = 0.000152245(m3/s)

Pressure difference = ΔP = ρg(Δh) = 590*9.8*0.323=1867.59(N/m2)
 Left Right Exp flow Theoretical
column column Δ h Time Volume rate ΔP Flow rate Re Cd
S.No (cm) (cm) (cm) (s) (ml) (m3/s) (N/m2) (m3/s)
1 12.1 44.4 32.3 6.22 735 0.00012 1867.59 0.000152245 11256.75 0.776
2 19 37.4 18.4 5.91 545 0.00009 1063.89 0.000114908 5420.71 0.803
3 22.1 34.1 12 5.96 443 0.00007 693.84 9.27967E-05 4091.32 0.801
4 25.6 30.7 5.1 6.61 337 0.00005 294.88 6.0496E-05 3304.04 0.843
5 14.8 41.6 26.8 6.22 685 0.00011 1549.58 0.000138679 2153.97 0.794
6 4.4 52.4 48 5.51 850 0.00015 2775.36 0.000185593 4937.67 0.831
7 12 44.6 32.6 5.33 720 0.00014 1884.93 0.00015295 6608.08 0.883
 Cd vs Re plot 2
0.9

0.88

0.86

0.84
Cd

0.82

0.8

0.78

0.76
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Re

Conclusion
• An error of 0.8 cms existed in manometer reading while performing the
experiment for setup1.
• The average Cd obtained is 1.4983 which is greater than 1
• Setup 2 experimentation was nearly error free
• The average Cd obtained is 0.8189 which is less than 1 and the result is fairly
right
• The difference in the theoretical and actual flow values
o might be due to the possibility of flow regimes especially turbulent
regime present during the course of fluid in the flow pipe and as well as
leaks.
o Due to frictional losses in the pipe through bents.

References
• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/FLUID-MECHANICS/lecture-
15/15-1_mesure_flow.htm