MARK

Name: ……………..
Unit 3: The Green Movement
Class: …….
Grammar: Relative clauses 1

Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable relative pronoun to complete the following sentences
1. Is this the person who/ which/ whose you asked me about.
2. Peter comes from Whitney, that/ who/ which is near Oxford.
3. This meal, that/ which/ whose wasn’t very tasty, was expensive.
4. This is the gun with that/ whom/ which the murder was committed.
5. Simon got good marks in the final exam, that/ which/who made his parents very happy.
6. She’s one of the kindest people that/ who/ which/ I have ever known.
7. There is something that/ who/ which I don’t understand.
8. She gives her children everything that/ what/ who they want.
9. My friend, Jack, that/ who/ whose parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.
10. The reason why/ that/ what I phoned him was to invite him to party.
11. 25 December is the day when/ where/ why children in Great Britain get their Christmas presents.
12. Edinburgh is the town that/ where/ why Alexander Graham Bell was born.

Relative Pronouns Relative Adverbs

1. Who………………………………………………. 6. When…………………………………………………
2. Whom……………………………………………. 7. Where………………………………………………..
3. Which……………………………………………. 8. Why ………………………………………………….
4. Whose/ of which………………………………...
5. That…………………………………………………..

Exercise 2: Decide whether the statements are defining (D) or non – defining (N) relative clauses. Add comma (,) if
necessary.
1. People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo. ………D…………
2. Those guys, who want to go to Big White for snowboarding, need to pay soon. ………N………
3. Students who don’t practice their English don’t improve very quickly. ………D…………
4. The 207 bus, which leaves at 6:03, was late today. ………N…………
5. The students who were waiting for their funding from the government were disappointed. ………D…………
6. I am waiting for my student who is writing his final exam early. ………D…………
7. Johnson, who was too poor to pay the fees, had to leave Oxford without a degree. ………N……
8. We don’t know all the guests who were invited to the party last night. ………D…………
9. They said Catherine had been in prison which simply wasn’t true. ………D…………
10. The Moon, which is thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago, was first reached in September 1959. N

Defining relative clauses Non – defining relative clauses

- give necessary information - give extra information, not essential to the meaning of the main sentence.
- essential to the meaning of the main - are put in commas.
sentence. * some signals to recognize NDRC: when relative pronouns refer to:
+
+
+
+
+

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences using reduced relative clauses

1. The stock market, which crashed to its lowest point of the year, worried us.   …… crashing ………
2. Gas which costs over $4 a gallon can be seen in the Bay Area. ………costing……………
3. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City is called Number 1. ………connecting……………
4. The survey which was conducted by the government did not indicate true public opinion. ………conducted……………
5. The man who was caught by the police last night was a notorious criminal. ………caught…………
6. The book which was written by Shakespeare is interesting. ………written………………
7. Don’t let me be the last who knows your decision. ………to know………
8. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space. …………to flow…………
9. The next train which leaves the station is to London. ……….leaving………
10. The man who saved me from the lake was very brave. …………saving…………
11.Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children. …………showed………
12. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office. …………not wanting…………
13. This is the second novel which was written by this famous writer. …………to be written………
14. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history invented…
15. The only one who can understand this lesson is a good student. ……can understand………

Present participle clause (Ving) Past participle clause (PII) To – infinitive (to V)
+ relative pronoun: Subject of RC + relative pronoun: Subject of RC + relative pronoun: Subject of RC
+ + +

Exercise 4: Suggest corrections or improvements to these sentences or write () if they are already correct.
1. The playground wasn't used by the children for who it was built. …whom………..…..
2. The house into which the thieves broke is owned by Peter Brown. ……which…into…..
3. The building from that Mr Marcus emerged was little more than a ruin. ………which………..
4. The party, to which I've been looking forward all week, is at Mary's house. ……which………..
5. The water that she fell into was freezing cold. ………………………..
6. The college is home to 30 students from Nepal, almost all of who are studying economics. ……whom…………..
7. I have heard her on the violin and clarinet, both which she plays extremely well. ……both of which..
8. It was the perfect tree under that to sit on a hot, sunny day. ………under which..
9. The film was made at Tulloch Castle, part of it dates back to 1466. ……which…………..
10. A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt. ………………………..

Exercise 5: Combine two following sentences into one using relative clause
1. Have you seen the film? Everyone is talking about it
 Have you seen the film which everyone is talking about.
2. That young boy stole a pen. He has just left the shop.
 That young boy who has just left the shop stole a pen.….
3. This is a story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an uninhabited island.
 This is a story of a group of boys whose plane crashed on an uninhabited island.……….
4. The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. A local farmer came across them in a field.
 The Roman coins which a local farmer came across in a field are now on display in the National Museum. …….
5. He wanted to come at 2 a.m. This didn't suit me at all.
 He wanted to come at 2 a.m, which didn’t suit me at all.

6. The indoor air quality at school is better now. This has helped students to improve their concentration and test results.
 The indoor air quality at school is better now, which has helped students to improve their concentration and test
results ……..
7. We keep our school environment clean and green. This has made us very proud.
 We keep our school environment clean and green, which has made us very proud. ………….
8. School staff has shown parents different ways to go green. This has had an impact on the entire community.
 School staff have shown parents different ways to go green, which has had an impact on the entire community.