MCR3U

UNIT #7: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SECTION PAGE HOMEWORK

NUMBERS
5.1 p. 290 – 292 # 1, 2, 6, 10

5.2 p. 299 – 300 Study the graphs and properties of the functions:
y = sinθ and y = cosθ
Practice graphing each of these tonight!
5.3 p. 309 – 310 # 6, 7, 8, 9a, 11a

5.4 p. 318 – 320 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8abd, 9, 14a

Extra practice worksheet for 5.3 & 5.4

5.5 & 5.6 p. 328 – 332 #2abcde, 3, 4, 6,12

p. 337 – 342 #4abcde, 5, 6, 7abc

Review p. 344 – 345 #1, 5, 6

p. 346- 347 #1 – 11, 12(graph the function first), 13, 15

Extra review at the end of the notes.

 5.1 MODELLING PERIODIC BEHAVIOUR

Periodic Function: A function that has a pattern of y-values that repeats at regular intervals of its
domain.

 Each repeated section on the graph of a periodic function is called a cycle.

 The length of one cycle, measured along the horizontal axis, is called the period of the
function.
 Half the distance between the maximum and minimum values of a periodic function is called
the amplitude.
 Amplitude = (Maximum – Minimum) / 2

y





One cycle



Maximum value


x

                       










 Period Minimum value







Examples: Determine whether the following functions are periodic. If they are, determine the period


and amplitude. 

a) b)
y





















 x

         






















Finding Periodic Function Values

Example: y = f(x) is a periodic function.  y

a) Find the value of f(0). Determine two 

other values for x that give the same 

value of f. 

b) Find the value for f(1). Determine two 

other values for x that give the same

x

                  

value of f. 







c) Solve f(x) = 5. How many solutions are 

there? 







d) Determine the domain and range of the function.

e) Use the period of the function to determine f(20) and f(-12).

 5.2 THE SINE AND COSINE FUNCTION

 The functions y = sin and y = cos are both periodic functions. They are also called sinusoidal
functions.

 To graph the functions y = sin and y = cos, we will start by setting up a table of values.

y = sin y = cos
 y  y
-360 -360
-330 -330
-300 -300
-270 -270
-240 -240
-210 -210
-180 -180
-150 -150
-120 -120
-90 -90
-60 -60
-30 -30
0 0
30 30
60 60
90 90
120 120
150 150
180 180
210 210
240 240
270 270
300 300
330 330
360 360
 y = sin

Properties of y = sin :

1. Period :

2. Max. value of y :

3. Min. value of y :

4. Domain :

5. Range :

6. -intercepts :

7. y-intercept :

8. Intervals of increase over 1 cycle ( Between 0˚ and 360˚)

9. Intervals of decrease over 1 cycle ( Between 0˚ and 360˚)

 y = cos

Properties of y = cos :

1. Period :

2. Max. value of y :

3. Min. value of y :

4. Domain :

5. Range :

6. -intercepts :

7. y-intercept :

8. Intervals of increase over 1 cycle ( Between 0˚ and 360˚)

9. Intervals of decrease over 1 cycle ( Between 0˚ and 360˚)

 5.3 INVESTIGATE TRANSFORMATIONS OF SINE AND COSINE FUNCTIONS

1) Amplitude/Vertical Stretch: The graphs of y = asin and y = acos

If a  1, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is vertically stretched by a factor of a.

If 0  a  1, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is vertically compressed by a factor of a.
If a is negative, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is reflected in the x-axis.

Example 1:
a) Graph y = sin, y = 3sin, y = 0.5sin, and y = -sin on the same grid, over 2 cycles.

b) State the amplitude, the period, the maximum value of y, the minimum value of y, the domain, and
the range of each function.

Function Amplitude Period Max Min Domain Range

y y
y = sin

y = 3sin

y = 0.5sin

y = -sin
2) Period/Horizontal Compression : The graphs of y = sink and y = cosk

1
If k  1, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is horizontally compressed by a factor of .
k
If 0  k  1, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is horizontally stretched by a factor of k .
360
The period of y = sink and y = cosk is .
k

Example 2:
1
a) Graph y = sin, y = sin3, and y = 3sin  on the same grid, over 2 cycles.
2

b) State the amplitude, the period, the domain, and the range of each function.

Function Amplitude Period Domain Range

y = sin

y = sin3

1
y = 3sin 
2
3) Vertical Translation/Shift : The graphs of y = sin + c and y = cos + c

If c  0, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is vertically translated/shifted up by c units.

If c  0, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is vertically translated/shifted down by c units.

Example 3:
a) Graph y = cos, y = cos + 2, y = cos - 4, and y = 2cos + 3 on the same grid, over 2 cycles.

b) State the amplitude, the vertical displacement, the period, the maximum value of y, the minimum
value of y, the domain, and the range of each function.

Function Amplitude Vertical Period Max Min Domain Range

Displ. y y
y = cos

y = cos + 2

y = cos - 4

y=2cos + 3
4) Phase Shift or Horizontal Translation : The graphs of y = sin( - d) and y = cos( - d)

To determine the phase shift, set  - d = 0 and solve for d.

If d  0, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is horizontally translated by d units to the right.

If d  0, the graph of y = sin or y = cos is horizontally translated by d units to the left.

Example 4:

a) Graph y = sin, y = sin( - 60), and y = sin( + 150) + 2 on the same grid, over 2 cycles.

b) State the amplitude, the vertical displacement, the period, the phase shift, the domain, and the
range of each function.

Function Amp Vertical Period Phase Domain Range

Displacem Shift
ent
y = sin

y = sin( - 60)

y = sin( + 150)+ 2
Example 5:

a) Graph y = cos, y = cos( + 135), and y = 4cos( - 45) – 1 on the same grid, over 2 cycles.

b) State the amplitude, the vertical displacement, the phase shift, the period, the domain, and the
range of each function.

Function Amp Vertical Period Phase Domain Range

Displ Shift
y = cos

y = cos( + 135)

y=4cos( - 45) – 1
 5.4 GRAPHING AND MODELLING WITH
y = asin[k(x – d)] + c and y = acos[k(x – d)] + c

Recall:

The amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of sinusoidal functions can be determined
when the equations are given in the form: y = asin[k(x – d)] + c and y = acos[k(x – d)] + c

The domain of a sinusoidal function is {xЄR} and the range is all Real numbers that extend from
the minimum to the maximum of the function.

The equation of a sinusoidal function can be determined given its properties or given its graph.

Example 1: Consider the functions f() = sin and g() = -0.5sin[3( + 150)] + 2.5.

a) State the amplitude, period, phase shift, vertical shift, domain, and range for both functions.

b) Graph f() and g() on the same grid using the transformations.

c) Determine the y-intercept for the g() function. (Use both the graph and the equation).
Example 2: Consider the functions f() = cos and g() = 3cos[0.5( - 135)] – 1.

a) State the amplitude, period, phase shift, vertical shift, domain, and range for both functions.

b) Graph f() and g() on the same grid using the transformations.

c) Determine the y-intercept for the g() function. (Use both the graph and the equation).

Example 3: Determine the first 3 -intercepts to the right of the origin for the following functions.

a) y = 5sin[2( + 60)] b) y = -6cos[3( - 10)] c) y = 4sin( - 20) + 4

Example 4:
A sinusoidal function has an amplitude of 2, a period of 120˚, and a maximum at (0, 5). Represent
the function with an equation using a sine and a cosine function.

Example 5:
Given the graph below, determine an equation that represents the sinusoidal function, as a sine
function and as a cosine function.
y

             












 5.5 DATA COLLECTING AND MODELLING

Example 1: An equation for the time of sunset at Parry Sound on the n th day of the year is
 360
T  1.75 cos  n  172  18.43 , where T is the time of sunset and n is the day number.
 365 

a) State the amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift of the function.

b) What are the lowest (minimum) and highest (maximum) vertical positions that the time reaches.

c) Determine the domain and range.

Example 2:
A Ferris wheel at a carnival has a diameter of 15m and descends to 3m above the ground at its
lowest point. Assume that a rider enters a car at this point and rides the wheel for two revolutions.

a) Model the rider’s height above the ground versus the angle of rotation using a transformed sine
function.

b) Suppose that the rider enters the car from a platform located at 50 along the rim of the wheel
before the car reaches its lowest point. Adjust your equation to reflect this situation. How would the
graphs of the 2 functions compare?
 5.6 USE SINUSOIDAL FUNCTIONS TO MODEL PERIODIC PHENOMENA
NOT INVOLVING ANGLES

Example 1: Model the Depth of Water over a 24 Hour Period

On a typical day at an ocean port, the depth of the water, D(t ) , in metres, can be modeled by the
cosine function D(t )  9.5 cos26.9t  6  18.5 , where t is time in hours. (Assume t = 0 is 12am).

a) State the amplitude, period, phase shift, vertical displacement, and the minimum and maximum
depths of the function.

b) Calculate the depth of the water at 9:30am, to the nearest tenth of a metre.

c) Calculate the depth of the water at 5:15pm, to the nearest tenth of a metre.

d) When does the first maximum depth occur? When does the first minimum depth occur?
e) Calculate a time when the depth is 22m, to the nearest tenth of an hour.

f) Sketch a graph over 2 cycles.

MCR3U Unit #7

Extra Review Worksheet

1. Graph y = sin and y = 0.5sin[3( + 120)] – 2 over two cycles. Then state the amplitude, vertical
displacement, phase shift, period, and the domain and range. (11 marks)


2. Graph y = cos and y = -5cos[ ( - 90)] + 1 over two cycles. Then state the amplitude, vertical

displacement, phase shift, period, and the domain and range. (11 marks)

3. An equation for the time of sunset at Parry Sound on the n th day of the year is
360
t  1.82 cos n  159  15.34 , where t is the time of sunset and n is the day number.
365

/4 a) State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical displacement.

/2 b) State the minimum and maximum values.
/2 c) Determine 2 different days when the sunset occurs at a maximum time.
/2 d) Determine the time of sunset on the 232nd day of the year, to one decimal place.
/3 e) Determine a day when the sunset occurs at 16.54 hours.

4. On a typical day at an ocean port, the depth of the water, D(t), in metres, can be modeled by the
cosine function D(t) = 8.5cos[32.14(t – 5)] + 18.5, where t is the time in hours.

* Assume t = 0 to be 12am.

/6 a) Determine the amplitude, period (to one decimal place), phase shift, vertical displacement,
and the minimum and maximum depths of the function.
/5 b) Sketch the sinusoidal curve for at least 2 full cycles. Show a minimum of 9 points.
/2 c) Calculate the depth of the water at 2:30pm, to one decimal place.
/5 d) Calculate the time the water is at a depth of 13m, to two decimal places. Show your work!
Determine the 3 other times within 24 hours, when the depth is 13m.

** To be handed in **