The aim of the modern agriculture is to

produce more food for more people.

Vegetable technologies
 Agriculture technology :
A tool or a way that we adapt to improve the production

Irrigation Economy

Vegetables

Plant protection Post harvest

 Vegetable technologies

• Greenhouse

• Trellising

• Mulch

• Nursery
 Why greenhouse ???

• Rain cover
• Pests defense
• Light improving
• Plant design
• Cooling and heating
• Reduce radiation
 Green house effect

1000 w/m2
 Greenhouses – classification

Tunnels Net houses Greenhouses

Small tunnels walk-in tunnels

reflecting sheets
Shade reflecting reflecting sheets
or net
net or sheets or net or net or glass or
anti pest + gutter Polycarbonate +
reflecting sheets net gutter
or light net
Melon:
Growing Methods

Open field
Low tunnels

Walk-in tunnels

Trellising Spread
The effects of the plastic cover on the roof
type

‫טפטוף‬ ‫נגירה‬
Water condense “flapping”

Ghotic
Anti drip – solution for arch roof
 Polyethylene sheets

Chosen sheet
‫יריעה נבחנת‬

Transferring
‫מעבירות‬

‫רפלקציה‬
Reflection

Absorption
‫בליעה‬

• Every layer raise the thick and reduce the transferring radiation to the
greenhouse
• If the sheet is more thick, it will be more heavy, less flexible, more stronger
Polyethylene sheets
• UV- Ultra violet
• IR – Infra red
IR
Pests activity disruption
Non U.V UV
 U. V sheets influence
mites moths mites

U.V. Polyethylene-sheets reduce insects navigation ability

U.V is necessary for some crops
 Nets kinds
Shade net Mesh net

Create shade (%) Anti pests (wires number)

If the net is more density, ventilation problems can be occur

Monochromatic nets
The dabble action of the thermic screen: Shade + IR trapper
General view – thermic screen

Reduce the greenhouse space

Pomegranate Grapes
Fruits under cover

Nectarines Bananas

21
“Agril” – temporary anti pest net
 Tropical greenhouse

• Rain cover - polyethylene cover

• Pests defense - mesh net protection
• Reduce radiation - thermic screen or shade net
• High building - good natural ventilation
 Trellis

Dutch Spanish

Why trellising?
• Preventing contact fruit-soil
• Save space in the field
• Easy harvesting and working
 Dutch trellis

• Prune secondary stems

• Lowering option
• Better ventilation
 Spanish trellis

• No pruning at all
• Short and intensive yield
• Less labor work
 mulch

Organic Synthetic

Why mulching?
• Preventing contact fruit-soil
• Keep the soil moisture
• Avoid soil erosion
Organic (straw, grass, leaves) Synthetic (polyethylene plastic)

• Good water drainage • Reduce fertilizer leaching

• Minerals stealing • Neutral soil reaction
• Perishable material • Can not reuse or recycle
• Cheap and available • Need installation technic
Clear mulch

• Soil disinfection
• Soil warming
 Yellow mulch

• Insects reduce
• Avoiding weeds emergence
Silver / white mulch

• Increase mulch reflection

• Avoiding weeds emergence
 Nursery
Traditional Modern
 Parameter Traditional modern
Requirements Empty & fertility Greenhouse & trays
soil & growing media
Quality Bad- transplant Good – easy
problems seedling taking out
Mobility Difficult- should Easy – can be
located next to the transported by
field vehicle
Disease spreading Maybe – if there is No- a new disinfect
primary soil bed growing media
infection
Working Hard - people Easy- growth is
comfortable should bend been done on
tables
Pests Can be reduce with Should not be exist
low tunnels use – grows in
greenhouse
Price Cheap, but can Expensive, but can
have problems be profitable
Nursery - goals

• Time saving
• Space saving
• Optimal field density
 Producing new plants =
propagation
Asexual - Vegetative Sexual
seeds
With leaves
Cuttings Without leaves

 Tissue culture
 Bulbs & corms
Reeds - Shoots
Division
Trays preparation
Growing media – organic (PH)

Peat Coconut
How to saw?
Seeds coating
Irrigation & fertilizing
Germination

2 days in a dark place

 Growth site

• Rain cover (polyethylene cover)

• Pests defense (mesh net protection)
• Reduce radiation (thermic screen or shade net)
 Growth problems

Bad emerging – over watering???

 Growth problems

High plants density – fungi development…

 A good seedling

• Full and white root system

• Nice green leaves color

• Between 3-5 real leaves

Good luck 
Thanks ! ‫תודה‬