WELCOME

WELCOME
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
ELM-429

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTEDBY:
DR . NAVJOT SINGH RAJINDER KUMAR
PROF GURMEHAKDEEP SINGH 18110012457
 CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION TO VEGETABLES AND PROTECTED CULTIVATION

2. CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNS OF POLYHOUSE
3. CROP PRODUCTION FACTORS
4. SALIENT FEATURES OF PROTECTED STRUCTURE
5. ORIENTATION OF POLYHOUSE
6. SELECTION OF VEGETABLE CROPS TOGROW UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
7. SELECTION OF VEGETABLE CROPS TOGROW UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
8. ACQUITANCE WITH NURSERY RAISING STRUCTURES
9. PRODCTION OF OFF-SEASON NURSERY OF CUCURBITS
10. HI-TECH NURSERY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
11. HARDENING OF SEEDLINGS
12. PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE NURSERY AND TECHNOLOGY FOR OFF-SEASON
CULTIVATION OFCUCURBITS UNDER PORTABLE PLASTIC LOW TUNNEL
13. FIELD AND BED PREPARATION OF POLYHOUSE BEFORE TRANSPLANTING
14. ROLEOF PLASTIC MULCH IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION
15. TRANSPLANTING OF HIGH VALUE CROPS (TOMATO, CAPSICUM AND CUCUMBER) UNDER
PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT
16. DRIP IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION IN POLYHOUSE CULTIVATIOM
17. STAKING AND TRAINING OF HIGH VALUE VEGETABLE CROPS UNDER PROTECTED
ENVIRONMENT
18.PINCHING IN SWEET PEPPER
19. NEMATODE PROBLEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN POLYHOUSE
20. INTEGRATED PEST AND DISESSE MANAGEMENT UNDER
PROTECTEDENVIRONMENT
21.STORAGE OF VEGETABLES IN ZERO ENERGY COOL CHAMBER
22.HYDROPONICS AND AEROPONICS: AN ADVANCED APPROACH FOR
SOILLESS VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
23. PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF TOMATO
24.PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBER
25.PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF CAPSICUM
 1. INTRODUCTION TO VEGETABLES
AND PROTECTED
VEGETABLES: They are portherbs which may be seasonal, annual or perennial,
whose any part can be used for culinary or eaten as raw.

FATHER OF VEGETABLES: L.H BAILEY

PROTECTED CULIVATION: It is a cropping technizue where in microclimate
environment surrounding the plant is partially or fully controlled required for their
Proper growth throughout their life cycle.

1st poyhouse -13th century in Italy.

In 16th century polyhouse become popular in Europe.
In 1870‘s 1st vegetable tomato was planted in it .
In 1964 in Leh Ladakh glass house was made.
2. CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNS OF POLYHOUSE

BASED ON SHAPE

LEAN TO TYPE GREENHOUSE

EVEN SPAN TYPE GREENHOUSE

UNEVEN SPAN TYPE GREEN

RIDGE AND FURROW TYPE GREEN HOUSE

SAW TOOTH TYPE

 BASED ON STRUCTURE

QUONSET TYPE GREENHOUSE

CURVED ROOF TYPE

GABLE ROOF TYPE GREENHOUSE

 3.CROP PRODUCTION FACTORS

 Light: The optimum plant intensity for plant is 32,000 lux.

Temperature: Ideal temp. of plant growth is 25-27ºc .More than 30ºc

affect quality of plant.

Relative Humidity: Relative humidity 50-70%

Carbon dioxide: Most crops will respond favourably to carbon dioxide

at 1000-12000ppm.

Ventilation: Fan and pad ventillation are essential to have precise

control over air, temperature,humidity and carbon dioxide levels.
 4. FEATURES OF LOW COST IDEAL VENTILLATED POLYHOUSE

DOUBLE DOOR SIDE VENT T0P VENT

SHADE NET FOGGERS DRIP SYSTEM

5. SITE SELECTION FOR PROTECTED STRUCTURE

Site of greenhouse should be The soil should be of good

near the market quality and well drained

The site of greenhouse

Cheap and easy availabity of should have adequate means
labour of communication

Availability of sources like

water, electricity
6. ORIENTATION OF POLYHOUSE

RULE • The door of polyhouse should be towards east

or west side.
1
RULE • Direction of polyhouse should be parallel to

2
wind.

RULE • If the height of tree is more than 10 m than it

should be atlleast 20m away from polyhouse

3
 7. SELECTION OF VEGETABLES CROPS TO GROW UNDER
PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Polyhouse cultivation is capital intensive technology. The selection

Of vegetable crop to be grown in it is limited to few factors .

Selection of crop mainly depend upon

• Climate conditions of area.

• Growth habitat
• Having high demand
• High value crop (per unit production high)
• Self pollinated crop
• Hybrid seeds are used
 8. ACQUITANCE WITH NURSERY RAISING STRUCTURES

Portable plastic tunnel Mist growth chamber Fixed poly tunnels

Modified naturally modified

Tunnel/Soil/Trench/Underground polyhouse structure
 9. PRODUCTION OFF- SEASON NURSERY OF CUCURBITS IN
POLY BAGS

The temperature inside the polyhouse 6-10º c higher than outside.

The polybag of 16.5 x 10 cm in size and 200-300 gauge are used
for sowing.
The bags are filled with mixture of garden soil,sandsoil and compost
1:1:1.
4-5 holes are made on the base and side of polybag.
The bags are kept in poly house in such a away that one person can
easily sow and work.
10. HI- TECH NURSERY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Glasshouse technology:
The glass helps to trap the heat and raise the temp.
inside optimum for plant growth.

Low tunnel technology:

The structures are raised to protect plants
from cool temperature.

Greenhouse technology:
It is basically used in condition where the temp.
is abnormally high.It is basically used for shade
loving plants.
 11. HARDENING OF SEEDLINGS

It involves the treatment which slows or retard seedling growth before

transplanting and allows accumulation of carbohydrates with in the
tissue.

EFFECTS OF HARDENING
Reduce growth rate
Thicken the cortex
Increase waxy covering of leaves
Increase percentage of dry matter
 12. TECHNOLOGY FOR OFF-SEASON CULTIVATION OF CUCURBITS
UNDER PORTABLE PLASTIC LOW TUNNELS

Seedlings are raised in plastic pro-trays having 1.5’’cell size in soil less
media in the month of December or january and seedlings are ready
for transplanting after 28-32 days at four leaf stage.

ADVANTAGES
Used for raising healthy and early nursery.
Maintains optimum temperature for plant growth.
Increases photosynthetic activities of the plant.
Used for cultivation during winter.
 13.FIELD AND BED PREPARATION OF POLYHOUSE BEFORE
TRANSPLANTING

FIELD PREPARATION:
Ploughing and harrowing to break soil clods or hardpans.
Remove all the stone, stubbles from the soil.
Solar explosure of soil for 2-3 days is important to inactivate the fungal spores
in soil.
Immediately after ploughing well rotten FYM1.5 -2 kg/m² is added.

BED PREPARATION:In polyhouse nursery bed must be prepared

according to season.
Raised bed –Rainy season
Flat bed –Winter and summer season.
The size of bed should be 90-100 cm width
and 15 cm height.
 14. ROLE OF PLASTIC MULCH IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Mulching is the process of covering soil around the plants with the help
Of organic or inorganic material to create congenial condition for plant
growth

MULCH

INORGANIC ORGANIC

COLOURLESS COLOURED
COLOURLESS TRANSPARENT MULCH Black plastic mulch
Light transmitance and thermal radiation rate More sunlight is absorbed by
upto90% film.
It cause rapid increase in
Temp.

Green plastic mulch Silver film

The effect of soil warming is It can reflect U.V light,repel
stronger than black mulch aphid .
 15. TRANSPLANTING OF (TOMATO) UNDER PROTECTED
ENVIRONMENT

TIME OF SOWING UNDER TIME OF TRANSPLANTING

POLYHOUSE UNDER POLYHOUSE
Main season crop

First week of November End of November

Spring season crop

Last week of December Mid - February

 16.DRIP IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION IN POLYHOUSE

Drip irrigation:It is also known as trickle irrigation. It is a type of

micro irrigation system that has the potential to save water and
nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plant.

Fertigation: It is the process of application of water soluble fertilizers

through micro-irrigation system at the root zone according to the
need of plant.
 17. STAKING AND TRAINING OF HIGH VALUE CROPS UNDER
PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT

Staking: It refers to tying plant stem with jute or nylon thread in order to provide it
support while it grows.

Training: Training refers to judicious removal of particular plant parts to develop a

proper shape of plant capable of bearing heavy crop load.

Staking of tomato
 STAKING OF
CUCUMBER

Training and spraying in tomato

 18. PINCHING IN SWEET PEPPER

Pinching: The act of removing growing tip at the top of plant is known
as pinching.

Purpose of pinching: This is usually done to stop stem from continue growing taller
or to encourage stem to develop branches laterally and become bushing and produce
more fruit.

Advantages: Improves yield,stability and overall health of plant.

 19. NEMATODE PROBLEM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN
POLYHOUSE

Meloidogyne rodopholus are the common genera reported from the crops grown in
polyhouse.
Presently two species of nematode Incognita and javanica has been reported to be
prevalent in poly house cultivation in India.

Problems:
It cause distinctive swelling called galls on the roots of affected plants.
It can cause wilting during the hottest part of the day even when sufficient
moisture is present.
 NEMATODE MANAGEMENT

EXCLUSION GREEN
SANITATION
MANURING
 20. INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT

IPM: It is an ecological approach in pest management in which all

the available necessary techniques are consolidated in a unified
Program, so that the pest population can be managed in such a way
that the economic damage is avoided and adverse side effects are
minimized.
strategies:
Preventive measures
Scouting
Curative measures
 IDM: It is the practice of using a range of measures to prevent and
manage disease in crops.

Principles of disease management

Exclusion
Eradication
Protection
Resistance
Therapy
Avoidance
 21. STORAGE OF VEGETABLES IN ZERO ENERGY COOLING CHAMBE

Zero energy cooling chamber: zero energy cooling chamber are

a type of evaporative cooling structures ,which are simple and
in expensive ways to keep vegetables fresh without the use of
electricity.
 22. HYDROPONICS AND AEROPONICS : AN ADVANCED APPROACH
FOR SOILLESS VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

Hydroponics: The term hydroponics was drived from Greek words

“hydro“ means water and “ponics“means labour so means water work.

Hydroponics is a technique of growing plants in nutrient solution with or without the

use of an inert medium vermiculite, rockwood etc to provide mechanical support.

Structures of hydroponics:
 Aeroponics: It is the process of growing plants in an air or mist
environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium.

Advantages:
It uses less water and energy than traditional agriculture.
Air act as a medium to grow plants,considerably less maintenance
is needed
 23. PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF TOMATO

Scientific name: Solanum

lycopersicum
Climate: Day – 20-28ºc
Night -18-20ºc
Seed rate: 40g/acre
Seed treatment:3g captan /kg of seed
Nursery raise: Portrays ( 1
inch having 98 cells)
Transplanting: 90-100cm
width
 150cm height
Transplanting: After 28-30
days of sowing of nursery
Spacing : 70x30cm
Staking,Training and Pruning

Irrigation: 2-3L of water/m²/day

Fertigation: water soluble fertilizer
19% ,each of N,P,K@ 3.75 g/m.
 Harvesting: End of February end of may
1st picking after 75-85 days

Diseases:
Damping off
Early blight
Leaf curl
Mosaic
Root knot nematode

Disorders:
Blossom end rot- due to calcium
Blotchy ripening-lack of potassiun
Russetting- nutrient imbalance
 24. PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBER

Scientific Name: Cucumis sativus

Family: Cucurbitaceae

Soil and climate: pH-5.5-6.8

Day temp.-22-24ºc
Night temp.- 19-20ºc
Relative humidity: 85%
Varieties: Superstar, Kingstar, Multistar,Kian
Nursery: In pro-trays during December or January
Seed rate: 12000-13000 seedlings/acre
Bed preparation: Raised bed(80-90width,120x40cm)
Training and pruning: Maintain one fruit at one node.

Fertigation and drip irrigation: Daily drip irrigation

N:P:K 19:19:19
Urea-8.3kg, SSP-12.35Kg,MOP-7.4Kg

 Harvesting: 35-40days after transplanting

Common diseases:Downy mildew, Powdery mildew

 25. PROTECTED CULTIVATION OF BRINJAL

Scientific Name: Solanum melongena

Family : Solanaceae
Climatic requirements:
Temperature: Day-20-25ºc
Night-15-17ºc

Soil: pH- 5.5-6.8

Nursery raising:120 g seed/acre

15000 seedlings/acre
Seed treatment:Captan @3g/kg of seed

Transplanting: 4 week old seedlings are transplanted

Row x Plant spacing:90x30cm
 Irrigation:one lateral per bed with drippers spaced at30 cm having
discharge of 2L/hour.

Fertilizer: N:P:K -19:19:19

Training and pruning:To maximize production

Improves air circulation

Pinching: After 5-6 pairs of leaves

Harvesting: First picking-End February

Continues till1stweek of june