Engineering Mechanics: Statics: Solutions Manual

Solutions Manual
Engineering Mechanics: Statics

1st Edition
Michael E. Plesha
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Gary L. Gray
The Pennsylvania State University
Francesco Costanzo
The Pennsylvania State University
With the assistance of:

Chris Punshon
Andrew J. Miller
Justin High
Chris O’Brien
Chandan Kumar
Joseph Wyne
Jonathan Fleischmann
Version: March 6, 2010
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © 2002–2010
Michael E. Plesha, Gary L. Gray, and Francesco Costanzo
This solutions manual, in any print or electronic form, remains the property of McGraw-Hill, Inc. It
may be used and/or possessed only by permission of McGraw-Hill, and must be surrendered upon
request of McGraw-Hill. Any duplication or distribution, either in print or electronic form, without
the permission of McGraw-Hill, is prohibited.
Statics 1e 3
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4 Solutions Manual
Accuracy of Numbers in Calculations

Throughout this solutions manual, we will generally assume that the data given for problems is accurate to
3 significant digits. When calculations are performed, all intermediate numerical results are reported to 4
significant digits. Final answers are usually reported with 3 significant digits. If you verify the calculations in
this solutions manual using the rounded intermediate numerical results that are reported, you should obtain
the final answers that are reported to 3 significant digits.
Statics 1e 391
Chapter 5 Solutions
Problem 5.1
A freezer rests on a pair of supports at A and a pair of supports at B. Weights 100 mm
for various parts of the freezer are shown. Neglecting friction, Determine the 400 mm 450 mm
reactions at each pair of supports.

200 N 660 N
225 mm
200 mm
270 N
900 mm
300 mm
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that
Ç MA 0 : 200 N(100 mm ) 660 N(400 mm ) (1)

270 N(400 mm 450 mm 225 mm ) B(400 mm 450 mm ) 0
Ç Fy 0: A B 200 N 660 N 270 N 0 (2)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be
B 485.59 N, A 644.41 N. (3)
392 Solutions Manual
Problem 5.2
Weights of various parts of a computer are shown. Neglecting friction, Deter-

mine the reactions at the supports at points A and B.
Solution
X
MA D 0 W 55 N.330 mm 270 mm/ (1)
45 N.330 mm 150 mm/
30 N.330 mm/ C B.200 mm/ D 0
X
Fy D 0 W A C B 55 N 45 N 30 N D 0: (2)
B D 106:5 N A D 23:5 N: (3)
Statics 1e 393
Problem 5.3
The tool shown is used in a gluing operation to press a thin laminate to a thicker 150 mm 250 mm 90 N
substrate. If the wheels at points A and B both have 50 mm diameter and have
frictionless bearings, and a 90 N vertical force is applied to the handle of the
tool, determine the forces applied to the top of the laminate and the bottom of the
substrate.
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that 90 N
Ç MA 0: B(150 mm ) 90 N(400 mm ) 0 (1)
Ç Fy 0: A B 90 N 0. (2)
B 240 N A 150 N (3)
Problem 5.4
An escalator is driven by a chain connected to point A which supports a force 300 mm 100 mm
F . The rollers at points A and B have frictionless bearings and ride in a loose- 882.9 N
fitting track. If a person of mass 90 kg is being lifted at a steady speed and
other weights may be neglected, determine the required chain force F and the 225 mm
reactions at the wheels at A and B. If the person is being lifted at a variable
speed, will the force F be different than that calculated earlier? Explain.
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that 882.9 N
225
Ç Fx 0: 882.9 N
375
F 0 (1)
300
Ç MA 0: 882.9 N(400 mm ) B (225 mm )2 (300 mm
m )2 0 (2) 225
375
300
Ç Fy 0: A B 882.9 N
375
0. (3)
F 529.74 N, B 941.76 N, A 235.44 N. (4)
If the person is being lifted at a variable speed, then the acceleration of the escalator is nonzero, and it is
not in static equilibrium, and the answers obtained above will change.
Statics 1e 395
Problem 5.5
Bar ABCD is supported by a pin at point C and a cable from points D to E.

Determine the reactions at C and the force supported by the cable.
Solution
X 4
MC D 0 W D .1 m/ C 2 kN.1 m/ 3 kN.1:5 m/ 1 kN.3 m/ D 0 (1)
5
X 3
Fx D 0 W D C Cx D 0 (2)
5
X 4
Fy D 0 W D C Cy 2 kN 3 kN 3 kN 1 kN D 0:
5
(3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are found to be
Cx D 4:13 kN; Cy D 14:5 kN; D D 6:88 kN: (4)
Problem 5.6
A foldable tray for the paper supply of a photocopy machine is shown. The tray
is supported by a single hinge at A and two slotted links (one on each side of
the tray). If the stack of paper weighs 20 N and other weights may be neglected,
determine the reactions at the hinge and at point B for one of the links.
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right where B is the force
supported by one link. We find that
X 45 60
MA D 0 W 20 N.240 mm/ C 2B .60 mm/ C 2B .25 mm/ D 0 (1)
75 75
X 60
Fx D 0 W Ax 2B D0 (2)
75
X 45
Fy D 0 W Ay C 2B 20 N D 0: (3)
75
B D 42:9 N; Ax D 68:6 N; Ay D 31:4 N: (4)
Statics 1e 397
Problem 5.7
The boat, motor, and trailer have masses mb 270 kg, M m 56 kg, and mt 2.1 m 2.7 m
135 kg , respectively. If the distance from the front of the boat to the hitch is d
D 1.2 m, determine the vertical reaction at point A and the reaction on each of
the wheels.
0.9 m
3.3 m
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right where B is the force
549.4 N
supported by one wheel. We find that 2648.7 N
Ç MA 0: 549.4 N(6 m ) 2648.7 N(3.9 m ) (1)

1324.4 N
1324.4 N(3.3 m ) 2 B(4.2) 0
Ç Fy 0: 549.4 N 2648.7 N 1324.4 N A 2 B 0. (2)
B 2142.5 N A 237.5 N. (3)
Problem 5.8
For the boat trailer of Prob. 5.7, determine the distance d so that the vertical 2.1 m 2.7 m
reaction at point A is 450 N.
0.9 m
3.3 m
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that 549.4 N
2648.7 N
Ç MB 0 : 549.4 N(4.8 m d 4.2 m ) 2648.7 N(4.2 m 2.7 m d ) (1)
1324.4 N(0.9 m ) 450 N(4.2 m ) 0. 1324.4 N
450 N
Solving this equilibrium equation, the distance d is found to be
d 0.92 m (2)
Alternate solution An alternate solution where determination of the moment arms is easier is as follows:
Ç Fy 0: 549.4 N 2648.7 N 1324.4 N 450 N 2 B 0 (3)

Ç MA 0: 549.4 N(4.8 m d ) 2648.7 N(2.7 m d ) (4)
1324.4 N(3.3 m ) 2 B(4.2 m ) 0.
Solving these equilibrium equations, the unknowns are once again found to be
B 2036.25 N, d 0.92 m.
Statics 1e 399
Problem 5.9
A hand cart weighing 800 N is used for moving heavy loads in a warehouse.
If each axle (pair of wheels) can support a maximum of 10 kN, determine the
largest weight W that may be supported and the position d where it should be
placed, assuming both axles are loaded to their capacity.
Solution
X
Fy D 0 W 10;000 N C 10;000 N 800 N W D 0 (1)
X
MA D 0 W W .d / 800 N.0:8 m/ C 10;000 N.0:4 m/ (2)
C10;000 N.1:1 m/ D 0: (3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the unknowns are found to be
W D 19;200 N; d D 0:748 m: (4)
Problem 5.10
A variety of structures with pin, roller, and built-in supports are

shown. In Figs. P5.10(c) and P5.11(c), the rollers at point D
allow vertical translation and constrain horizontal translation and
rotation. Determine all reactions. Express your answers in terms
of parameters such as L, F , P , and/or M .
Solution
Part (a) We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that
X L 2L
MA D 0 W F P C Dy L D 0 (1)
X 3 3
Fy D 0 W Ay F P C Dy D 0 (2)
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0: (3)
F 2P 2F P
Dy D C Ay D C Ax D 0: (4)
3 3 3 3
Part (b) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X L 2L
MA D 0 W F P C D.cos 30ı /L D 0 (5)
3 3
X 2L L
MD D 0 W Ay L C F CP D0 (6)
X 3 3
Fx D 0 W Ax D sin 30ı D 0: (7)
p
Solving these equilibrium equations, using sin 30ı D 1=2 and cos 30ı D 3=2, the reactions are found to
be

F 2P 2 2F P F 2P 1
DD. C /p Ay D C Ax D C p : (8)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Part (c) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X
Fy D 0 W Ay F P D 0 (9)
X L 2L
MA D 0 W F P C MD D 0 (10)
X 3 3
Fx D 0 W Dx D 0: (11)

F 2P
Ay D F C P MD DL C Dx D 0: (12)
3 3
Statics 1e 401
Part (d) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (13)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay F P D 0 (14)
X L 2L
MA D 0 W MA F P D 0: (15)
3 3

F 2P
Ax D 0 Ay D F C P MA D L C : (16)
3 3
Problem 5.11
A variety of structures with pin, roller, and built-in supports are

shown. In Figs. P5.10(c) and P5.11(c), the rollers at point D
allow vertical translation and constrain horizontal translation and
rotation. Determine all reactions. Express your answers in terms
of parameters such as L, F , P , and/or M .
Solution
Part (a) We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (1)
X
MA D 0 W M F .2L/ C Dy .L/ D 0 (2)
X
MB D 0 W Ay L C M FL D 0: (3)
M M
Ax D 0 Dy D 2F Ay D F: (4)
L L
Part (b) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X
MA D 0 W M F .2L/ C D.cos 30ı /L C D.sin 30ı /L D 0 (5)
X
Fx D 0 W Ax C D sin 30ı D 0 (6)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay F C D cos 30ı D 0: (7)
p
Solving these equilibrium equations, using sin 30ı D 1=2 and cos 30ı D 3=2,
the reactions are found to be

M 2
DD C 2F p (8)
L 1C 3
Ay D F D cos 30ı (9)

p
M 2 3
DF C 2F p (10)
L 1C 3 2
p ! p
2 3 M 3
DF 1 p C p (11)
1C 3 L 1C 3
Statics 1e 403
p ! p
M 1 13 M 3
Ax D 2F p Ay D F p C p : (12)
L 1C 3 1C 3 L 1C 3
Part (c) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X
Fy D 0 W Ay F D 0 (13)
X
Fx D 0 W Dx D 0 (14)
X
MA D 0 W MD C M C Dx L F .2L/ D 0: (15)
Ay D F Dx D 0 MD D M C 2FL: (16)
Part (d) We use Eq. (5.3) and the FBD to the right to find that
X
Fx D 0 W Dx D 0 (17)
X
Fy D 0 W Dy F D 0 (18)
X
MD D 0 W MD C M FL D 0: (19)
Dx D 0 Dy D F MD D M C FL: (20)
Problem 5.12
In the structures shown, all members have the same 2 m length. Determine all
support reactions.
Solution
X
ME D 0 W Ay .4 m/ C 1 kN.2 m/ C 3 kN.3 m/ (1)
ı
2 kN.2 m sin 60 / D 0
X
Fy D 0 W Ay C Ey 3 kN 1 kN D 0 (2)
X
Fx D 0 W 2 kN C Ex D 0: (3)
Ay D 1:884 kN Ey D 2:116 kN Ex D 2 kN: (4)
Statics 1e 405
Problem 5.13
In the structures shown, all members have the same 2 m length. Determine all
support reactions.
Solution
X
Fx D 0 W Gx D 0 (1)
X
MA D 0 W 2 kN.2 m/ 1 kN.3 m/ 3 kN.4 m/ C Gy .6 m/ D 0 (2)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay C Gy 2 kN 1 kN 3 kN D 0: (3)
Gx D 0 Gy D 3:167 kN Ay D 2:833 kN: (4)
Problem 5.14
The top chord of the truss is subjected to a uniform distributed load which
gives rise to the forces Q shown. If Q D 4.5 kN, determine all support
reactions. 1.2 m
0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that 4.5 kN
2.25 kN 2.25 kN
Ç MA 0 : 4.5 kN(0.9 m ) 4.5 kN(1.8 m ) 4.5 kN(2.7 m )

2.25 kN(3.6 m ) Py (7.2 m ) 0 (1)
Ç Fx 0: Ax 0 (2)
Ç Fy 0: Ay Py 2(2.25 kN) 3(4.5 kN) 0. (3)
Py D 4.5 k N Ax D 0 k N Ay D 13:5 k N (4)
Statics 1e 407
Problem 5.15
175 mm
Determine the support reactions for the short flight of stairs due to the forces 275 mm
540 N
shown on the two steps.
360 N
200 mm 200 mm 200 mm
Solution
540 N
Ç MI 0: Ay (600 mm ) 360 N(450 mm ) 540 N(275 mm ) 0 (1)
Ç Fy 0: Ay I y 360 N 540 N 0, (2) 360 N
Ç Fx 0: Ix 0. (3)
Ay 517.5 N Ix 0, Iy 382.5 N. (4)
Problem 5.16
0.5 m 0.6 m
The forklift has a vehicle mass of mv 6800 kg, fuel mass of mF 136 kg, 2m
0.9 m
and operator mass of mo 72.5 kg. If P 9000 N, determine the reactions
on each pair of wheels.
2.2 m 1.8 m
0.6 m
Solution
711.2 N 1334.2 N
Ç MD 0: 9000 N(3.4 m ) 711.2 N(1.4 m ) (1) 9000 N

6678 N
66708 N(0.9 m ) C y (1.8 m ) 0
Ç Fy 0: 9000 N 711.2 N 66708 N 1334.2 N C y Dy 0. (2)
Cy 50907.2 N, Dy 26846.2 N (3)
Statics 1e 409
Problem 5.17
A fixture for positioning 400 mm by 500 mm size cardboard boxes with weight
W D 150 N in a packaging company is shown. If the weight of the box and its
contents acts through the center of the box, determine the largest value of if the 400 mm
magnitude of the reactions at points A and B may not exceed 800 N, at which
point the box begins to crush. The notch at point A prevents horizontal and 500 mm
vertical translation of the box and assume the contact at point B is frictionless.
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to write the equilibrium
equations
Ç MA 0 : 150 N(250 mm ) B cos q (500 mm ) 0, (1)
Ç MB 0: Ay (500 mm ) 150 N(250 mm) 0, (2)
Ç Fx 0: Ax B sin q 0. (3)
Solving Eq. (1) provides

75 N
cos D : (4)
B
If B D 800 N, then Eq. (4) may be solved for
75 N
D cos1 D 84:6ı ; (5)
800 N
and from this, we may infer that if 84:6ı , the reaction at B will not exceed 800 N. Before concluding
that Eq. (5) is our answer, we must also verify that the magnitude of the reaction at A does not exceed 800 N.
Using B D 800 N and D 84:6ı , Eqs. (2) and (3) are solved to obtain
Ay D 75 N and Ax D 796:5 N: (6)
Hence, the magnitude of the reaction at A is

q q
AD A2x C Ay2 D .796:5 N/2 C .75 N/2 D 800 N; (7)
which is acceptable. Hence, the largest value of is given by Eq.(5) and we conclude that
84:6ı : (8)
Problem 5.18
Bar ABC is supported by a roller at B and a frictionless collar at A which slides

on a fixed bar DE. Determine the support reactions at points A and B. Express
your answers in terms of parameters such as P , a, etc.
Solution
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (1)
X
Fy D 0 W By P D 0 (2)
X
MB D 0 W MA P a D 0: (3)
Ax D 0; By D P; MA D P a: (4)
Statics 1e 411
Problem 5.19
Structure ABCDE is supported by a roller at D and a frictionless collar at A

which slides on a fixed bar F G. Determine the support reactions at points A and
D. Express your answers in terms of parameters such as P , Q, a, b, c, etc.
Solution
X
Fx D 0 W A cos 30ı Dx D 0 (1)
X
Fy D 0 W A sin 30ı P Q D 0 (2)
X
MA D 0 W MA P .a/ Q.2a/ Dx .b/ D 0: (3)
Multiplying Eq. (1) by sin 30ı and Eq. (2) by cos 30ı and adding the results provides
cos 30ı
Dx D .P C Q/ : (4)
sin 30ı
Substituting Eq. (4) into Eq. (1) provides
Dx P CQ
AD ı
D ; (5)
cos 30 sin 30ı
and substituting Eq. (4) into Eq. (3) provides
cos 30ı
MA D P a C 2Qa C .P C Q/b (6)
sin 30ı
In summary, the reactions are
P CQ cos 30ı cos 30ı

AD Dx D .P C Q/ MA D P a C 2Qa C .P C Q/b : (7)
sin 30ı sin 30ı sin 30ı
Problems 5.20 through 5.22
A motor and mounting hardware with mass m 30 kg are supported by rollers 300 mm 150 mm
A, B, C , and D. Each pair of rollers is loose-fitting so that only one roller
of the pair will make contact with the fixed rail. This problem may be idea-
lized as two-dimensional if the torque the motor applies to the pulleys is neg-
lected. Determine which rollers make contact and the reactions at these
rollers if:
Problem 5.20 P 0 and Q 560 N. 200 mm

50 mm
Problem 5.21 P 900 N and Q 0.
Problem 5.22 P 900 N and Q 560 N.
Solution to 5.20
The FBD for the motor and mounting hardware is shown at the right where
we have assumed that the rollers at A and C make contact. The signs for
R1 and R2 that we obtain will indicate which rollers actually make contact,
as follows
If R1 > 0, then roller A makes contact.
If R1 < 0, then roller B makes contact.

W = 294.3 N
If R2 > 0, then roller C makes contact. Q = 560 N
If R2 < 0, then roller D makes contact.
Using the FBD, the equilibrium equations are
Ç MA 0: R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (560 N)(450 mm ) 0, (1)
Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 560 N 0. (2)
The first equilibrium equation is solved for R2 and the second is then solved for R1 to obtain
R1 181.9 N and R2 1036.2 N (3)
Thus, rollers B and C make contact, and the reactions at the rollers are
Ay 0, (4)
By 181.9 N, (5)
Cy 1036.2 N, (6)
Dy 0. (7)
Statics 1e 413
Solution to 5.21
The FBD for the motor and mounting hardware is shown at the right where we
have assumed that the rollers at A and C make contact. The signs for R1 and
R2 that we obtain will indicate which rollers actually make contact, as follows
If R2 > 0, then roller C makes contact. W = 294.3 N

P = 900 N
ÇMA 0: R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (900 N)(50 mm ) 0, (8)
Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 900 N 0. (9)
R1 1148.1 N and R2 46.2 N (10)
Thus, rollers A and C make contact, and the reactions at the rollers are
Ay 1148.1 N, (11)
By 0, (12)
Cy 46.2 N, (13)
Dy 0. (14)
Solution to 5.22
The FBD for the motor and mounting hardware is shown at the right where
we have assumed that the rollers at A and C make contact. The signs for
R1 and R2 that we obtain will indicate which rollers actually make contact,
as follows

W = 294.3 N
If R2 > 0, then roller C makes contact. P = 900 N Q = 560 N
Ç MA 0 : R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (900 N)(50 mm ) (560 N)(450 mm ) 0, (15)
Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 900 N 560 N 0. (16)
R1 868.1 N and R2 886.2 N. (17)
Thus, rollers A and C make contact, and the reactions at the rollers are
Ay 868.1 N, (18)
By 0, (19)
Cy 886.2 N, (20)
Dy 0. (21)
Statics 1e 415
Problem 5.23
During assembly in a factory, a compressor with mass m = 54 kg rests on a

bench. A cover plate is to be attached using four bolts. To speed production, a
special machine that simultaneously tightens all four bolts is used. Determine
the largest torque M that may be simultaneously applied to each bolt before
the compressor begins to tip.
75
75
100
125 75 75 125
mm
Solution
The FBD of the compressor is shown at the right. When the compressor is
on the verge of tipping, the reactions Rx and Ry will be positioned at point B.
Using Eq. (5.3) on page 246, with W D 529.7 N, we find that
Ç MB 0 : (529.7 N)(200 mm ) 4 M 0 (1)
M 26487 Nmm (2)
Problem 5.24
0.9 m
A tractor is fitted with a hole-drilling attachment. The trractor has mass mv 1.5 m
900 kg, the operator has mass mo 80 kg, the supplemental weights at the
front of the tractor weighh mE 135 kg.
(a) Determine the largest thrust that may be produced by the drilling attachment
at point A. 2.1 m 1.8 m
0.6 m
(b) Describe some simple ways the drilling thrust determined in Part (a) can
be increased (e.g., addition of more mass at E, removal of mass at E,
repositioning of mass from E to D, and so on).
Solution
784.8 N 8829 N
1324.35 N
Part (a) The FBD of the tractor is shown at the right. The thrust on the drilling
attachment is maximum when B D 0. We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 to write
Ç MC 0 : A(3.9 m ) B(1.8 m ) 784.8 N(2.4 m 0.6 m ) (1)

8829 N(1.5 m 0.6 m ) 1324.35 N(0.6 m ) 0.
(2)
With B D 0, the above equation is solved to obtain
A 2196 N (3)
Part (b) Removal of the weights at E will help. Repositioning the weights from E to D will help even
more. Having a heavier operator will also help.
Statics 1e 417
Problem 5.25
A spanner wrench is used to apply torque to circular shafts and other similar
shapes. Such wrenches are routinely used in the setup of tools such as milling
machines, lathes, and so on. The wrench makes contact with the shaft at point
A, which may be assumed to be frictionless, and at B where a small pin fits into
a hole in the shaft. If P D 80 N, L D 120 mm, r D 25 mm, and ˛ D 120ı ,
determine the reactions at points A and B.
Solution
X
Fy D 0 W By P D 0 (1)
X
MB D 0 W P .L r cos ˛/ Ax .r sin ˛/ D 0 (2)
X
Fx D 0 W Bx Ax D 0: (3)
With P D 80 N, Eq. (1) gives By D 80 N. Solving Eq. (2) provides

L 1 cos ˛
Ax D P (4)
r sin ˛ sin ˛

120 mm 1 cos 120ı
D 80 N D 489:6 N; (5)
25 mm sin 120ı sin 120ı
and Eq. (3) provides Bx D Ax . In summary, the reactions are
By D 80 N; Ax D Bx D 490 N: (6)
Alternate solution Rather than taking the reactions at B to be in horizontal and vertical directions, it is
also effective to refer these to normal and tangent directions to the shaft as shown in the figure to the right.
The results for this solution are
Ax unchanged (7)

L cos ˛ cos2 ˛
Bn D P sin ˛ P (8)
r sin ˛ sin ˛

L
B t D P cos ˛ C P cos ˛ : (9)
r
With the values of P , L, r, and ˛ given in the problem statement, these reactions are
Ax D 490 N; Bn D 314:1 N; B t D 384:0 N: (10)

p
Note that while Bn and B t are clearly different than Ax and Ay , you may verify that
p .Bn /2 C .B t /2 D
.Ax /2 C .Ay /2 .
Problem 5.26
In the spanner wrench of Prob. 5.25, determine the range of values for angle ˛
so that the pin at B will not slip out of its hole when force P is applied for
(a) L=r D 4.
(b) Any value of L=r.
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right. From the solution to Problem 5.25, the
reactions for arbitrary values of P , r, L, and ˛ are
By D P (1)

L 1 cos ˛
A x D Bx D P : (2)
r sin ˛ sin ˛
To proceed further, it is easiest if we express the reactions at B in terms of

components that are normal and tangential to the shaft as shown in the figure
to the right.
.By / t D By cos ˛ (3)

.By /n D By sin ˛ (4)
.Bx / t D Bx sin ˛ (5)
.Bx /n D Bx cos ˛ (6)
B t D .By / t C .Bx / t
D By cos ˛ C Bx sin ˛

L 1 cos ˛
D P cos ˛ C P sin ˛ (7)
r sin ˛ sin ˛
Bn D .By /n C .Bx /n
D By sin ˛ Bx cos ˛

L 1 cos ˛
D P sin ˛ P cos ˛ (8)
r sin ˛ sin ˛
Rather than using Bx and By to determine Bn and B t , we could perform the

equilibrium analysis using the FBD shown at the right which will result in the
same expressions for B t and Bn above (this is carried out in the solution to
Problem 5.25).
Neglecting friction at B, the spanner wrench will not slip out of its hole provided the reaction at B is
compressive; i.e., Bn < 0.
Bn < 0 (9)

L 1 cos ˛
P sin ˛ P cos ˛ < 0 (10)
r sin ˛ sin ˛
Statics 1e 419
L cos ˛ cos2 ˛
sin ˛ C <0 (11)
r sin ˛ sin ˛
L
sin2 ˛ cos ˛ C cos2 ˛ < 0: (12)
r
Using the trigonometric identity sin2 ˛ C cos2 ˛ D 1, Eq. (12) becomes
L
1 cos ˛ < 0 (13)
r
r
˛ > cos1 (14)
L
L
Part (a) For D 4, Eq. (14) requires
r
1
˛ > cos1 D 75:5ı : (15)
4

L L
Part (b) For arbitrary values of 1< < 1 , Eq. (14) is satisfied only if
r r
˛ > cos1 0 D 90ı : (16)
Problem 5.27
An arbor press is used to apply force to the workpiece at point C . The length h
of handle DE can be adjusted by sliding it through a hole in shaft F such that
50 mm h 250 mm. The press has weight W D 350 N and simply rests on
the rough surface of a table. Force P is applied perpendicular to the handle.
(a) If the handle is horizontal (˛ D 0), determine the smallest force P that will
cause the press to tip about point A.
(b) For any possible position of the handle, determine the smallest force P and
the corresponding value of ˛ that will cause the press to tip about point A.
Solution
Part (a) With ˛ D 0, the smallest force P that will cause tipping occurs when the
handle is fully extended. Hence, point D is located as shown and h D 250 mm. We
use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that
X
MA D 0 W P .250 mm 30 mm 100 mm/ (1)
350 N.100 mm C 30 mm C 120 mm/ D 0: (2)
P D 729 N (3)
Part (b) The smallest force P that will cause tipping occurs when point D
of the handle is located so as to maximize the moment arm of P about point A.
Hence, point D is located as shown in the FBD at the right, and h D 250 mm.
The moment arm d of force P about point A is determined as follows
300
ˇ D tan1 D 66:57ı (4)
130
˛ D 180ı ˇ D 113:4ı (5)
q
d D .130 mm/2 C 300 mm/2 C 250 mm D 577 mm: (6)
We use Eq. (5.3) to find that

X
MA D 0 W P .577 mm/ 350 N.100 mm C 30 mm C 120 mm/ D 0 (7)
˛ D 113:4ı ; P D 151:7 N: (8)
Statics 1e 421
Problem 5.28
A portion of a structure is supported by a frictionless V-shaped notch as shown.

Which are the proper support reactions: those shown in Fig. P5.28(b) or those
in Fig. P5.28(c), or are both of these acceptable? Explain.
Solution
The reactions shown in both Fig. (b) and (c) are acceptable. The reactions R1 and R2 are related to Rx and
Ry as follows. Using the xy coordinate system shown, and Chapter 4 concepts of equivalent force systems,
we require
X X
. Fx /system 1 D . Fx /system 2 (1)
X X
. Fy /system 1 D . Fy /system 2 (2)
Thus, if R1 , R2 , and are known, then Rx and Ry may be determined. Similarly, if Rx , Ry , and are
known, then R1 and R2 may be determined.
Problem 5.29
An antenna used for research at a university is shown. It has the feature that it
450 N
is easily raised and lowered so that it can be outfitted with different equipment.
The antenna is pinned to a supporting frame at point A, and it is raised and
lowered using the gear at B to which a hand crank is attached. The antenna 7.2 m
and its attached sector gear of mass 135 and 54 kg, respectively, and the 450 N 175 mm 1350 N
horizontal force at point C models the effect of wind loads during a storm. If
125 mm
the gear at B is locked so it does not rotate, determine the gear tooth force and
the reactions at A. 540 N
450 mm
Solution
450 N
Ç MA 0 : 529.74 N(125 mm ) 1350 N(175 mm ) 450 N(7200 mm )

529.74 N 1350 N
G (450 mm ) 0 (1)
Ç Fy 0: Ay G sin 20 529.74 N 1350 N 0 (2)
Ç Fx 0: Ax G cos 20 450 N 0. (3)
G 6822.15 N, Ay 453.57 N Ax 6860.72 N. (4)
Statics 1e 423
Problem 5.30
Frame ABCD is rigidly attached to a gear E which engages two parallel geared 200 mm 150 mm
tracks F and G that are fixed in space. The gear has 100 mm pitch radius. If the
gear has mass m D 3.6 kg and P D 45 N, determine the tooth forces between 200 mm
gear E and each track. Hint: A normal force is present either at F or G but not
both. 100 mm 125 mm
Solution
We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that 150
325
325
Ç Fx 0: Fx (45 N)
358
0 (1) 358
Ç MF 0: 35.3 N(100 mm ) E y (200 mm )

325 150
(45 N) (125 mm ) (45 N) (450 mm ) 0 (2) W = 35.3 N 358 P = 45 N
358 358 150
325
150 mm
Ç Fy 0: Fy E y 35.3 N 45 N
358 mm
0. (3)
Fx 40.85 N, Ey 85.6 N, Fy 31.45 N. (4)
Problem 5.31
Frame BCD is rigidly attached to a gear A which engages a geared track E that
is fixed in space. The gear has 30 mm pitch radius, and portions BC and CD
of the frame are perpendicular. If the gear has weight W D 6 N and P D 4 N,
determine the value of Q needed so that angle D 30ı , and also determine the
reactions (tooth forces) between the gear and track.
Solution
X
MC D 0 W .4 N/.110 mm cos 30ı / G.30 mm/
Q.120 mm sin 30ı / D 0 (1)
X
Fx D 0 W G cos 15ı C N sin 15ı D 0 (2)
X
Fy D 0 W 4 N 6 N Q C N cos 15ı C G sin 15ı D 0: (3)
The unknowns in the above equations are Q, G, and N . The solution for these
requires some mildly tedious algebra, thus we will pursue a different solution
where we sum moments about point F , which is the point at which the gear
and track make contact as shown in the figure above. This provides a simpler
system of equations to solve, as follows
X
MF D 0 W .4 N/.110 mm cos 30ı 30 mm sin 15ı / .6 N/.30 mm sin 15ı /
Q.120 mm sin 30ı C 30 mm sin 15ı / D 0 (4)
X
Fx D 0 W G cos 15ı C N sin 15ı D 0 (5)
X
Fy D 0 W 4 N 6 N Q C N cos 15ı C G sin 15ı D 0: (6)
Equation (4) is solved to obtain Q D 4:477 N, and then Eq. (5) provides
cos 15ı
N DG : (7)
sin 15ı
Using Q D 4:477 N and Eq. (7), Eq. (6) becomes
cos 15ı
4 N 6 N 4:477 N C G cos 15ı C G sin 15ı D 0; (8)
sin 15ı
which is easily solved for G. In summary, the reactions are
Q D 4:48 N; G D 3:75 N; N D 14:0 N: (9)
Statics 1e 425
Problem 5.32
In the frame and gear of Prob. 5.31, if W D 6 N, P D 4 N, and Q D 8 N,

determine the value of when the assembly is in static equilibrium and the
reactions (tooth forces) between the gear and track.
Solution
X
MC D 0 W .4 N/.110 mm cos / G.30 mm/;
.8 N/.120 mm sin / D 0; (1)
X
Fy D 0 W 4 N 6 N 8 N C N cos 15ı C G sin 15ı D 0; (2)
X
Fx D 0 W N sin 15ı G cos 15ı D 0: (3)
Equations (2) and (3) may be solved simultaneously to obtain N and G, and
using these results, Eq. (1) may be solved for . Alternatively, the use of a
computer algebra system such as Mathematica or Maple is convenient. Thus,
the solutions are
G D 4:66 N (4)
N D 17:4 N (5)
ı
D 17:0 : (6)
Problem 5.33
Derive Eq. (5.12) on p. 270.
Solution
Shown at the right is a cable wrapped around two pulleys with

equal radius r and with the distance between the pulley bearings
being h. With the geometry shown, we may write the following
expressions for horizontal and vertical dimensions
h D 2r sin ˛ C L cos ˛ (1)

2r cos ˛ D L sin ˛: (2)
Multiplying Eq. (1) by sin ˛ and Eq. (2) by cos ˛ and adding the results provides
h sin ˛ 2r cos2 ˛ D 2r sin2 ˛: (3)
Using the trigonometric identity sin2 ˛ C cos2 ˛ D 1, the above becomes

2r
sin ˛ D ; (4)
h
from which
2r
˛ D sin1 : (5)
h
Substituting Eq. (4) into Eq. (2), we obtain
2r
2r cos ˛ D L (6)
h
from which
L D h cos ˛: (7)
Statics 1e 427
Problem 5.34
Determine the reactions at point A and the force supported by the cable. 0.15 m
900 N
0.15 m
0.6 m 0.6 m 0.6 m
Solution
Ç MA 0 : 900 N(1.8 m ) T (1.2 m ) T (0.6 m ) 0 (1)
Ç Fx 0: Ax 0 (2) 900 N
Ç Fy 0: 900 N T T Ay 0. (3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force and reaction forces are found
to be
T 2700 N, Ax 0, Ay 900 N. (4)
Problem 5.35
Determine the reactions at point A and the force supported by the cable.
Solution
X
MA D 0 W T .400 mm/ C 2T .700 mm/ (1)
CT .1000 mm/ 50 N.1200 mm/ D 0
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (2)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay C T C 2T C T 50 N D 0: (3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force and reaction forces are
found to be
T D 21:4 N; Ax D 0; Ay D 35:7 N: (4)
Statics 1e 429
Problem 5.36
The crane is supported by a pin at point A and a roller at point B. A winch

at point C is used to raise and lower loads. The pulleys all have 350 mm
radius, and cable segment ED is horizontal. Determine the support reactions if
P D 10 kN and
(a) D 0ı .
(b) D 30ı .
Solution
Part (a) The FBD is shown at the right where the pulleys are removed from the
structure. The equilibrium equations are
X
Fx D 0 W P P P sin 15ı C Ax D 0 (1)
X
MD D 0 W P .6 m/ C Ay .2 m/ C Ax .4 m/ D 0 (2)
X
Fy D 0 W P P cos 15ı C By C Ay D 0: (3)
Ax D 2:59 kN; Ay D 35:2 kN; By D 54:8 kN: (4)
Part (b) The FBD is shown at the right where the pulleys are removed from
the structure. The equilibrium equations are
X
Fx D 0 W P sin 30ı C P P P sin 15ı C Ax D 0 (5)
X
MD D 0 W P cos 30ı .6 m/ C Ay .2 m/ C Ax .4 m/ D 0 (6)
X
Fy D 0 W P cos 30ı P cos 15ı C By C Ay D 0: (7)
Ax D 7:59 kN Ay D 41:2 kN By D 59:5 kN: (8)
Problem 5.37
The crane is supported by a pin at point A and a roller at point B. A winch

at point C is used to raise and lower loads. The pulleys all have 350 mm
radius, and cable segment ED is horizontal. Determine the support reactions if
P D 10 kN and
(a) D 0ı .
(b) D 30ı .
Solution
Part (a) The FBD is shown at the right where pulleys E and F are left on
the structure, and pulley D is removed from the structure. The equilibrium
equations are
X
Fx D 0 W P P P sin 20ı C Ax D 0 (1)
X
MD D 0 W P .6:35 m/ P .0:35 m/ C Ay .2 m/ C Ax .3:3 m/ D 0 (2)
X
Fy D 0 W P P cos 20ı C By C Ay D 0: (3)
Part (b) The FBD is shown at the right where the pulleys are removed from
the structure. Using Eq. (5.12) from the helpful information margin note, the
angle ˛ is given by
2r 2.0:350 m/
˛ D sin1 D sin1 D 20:49ı : (5)
h 2m
X
Fx D 0 W P sin 30ı C P cos ˛ P cos ˛ C P P P sin 20ı C Ax D 0 (6)
X
MD D 0 W P sin 30ı .0:7 m/ C P cos 30ı .6 m/ C P sin ˛.6 m/ P cos ˛.0:7 m/ (7)
CP cos ˛.0:7 m/ P sin ˛.4 m/ P .0:7 m/ C Ay .2 m/ C Ax .3:3 m/ D 0
X
Fy D 0 W P cos 30ı P sin ˛ C P sin ˛ P cos 20ı C By C Ay D 0: (8)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are
Statics 1e 431
Problem 5.38
A walkway for loading and unloading ships at a wharf is shown. The elevation 200 mm 4.5 kN
of the walkway is controlled by cable BCD which is attached to a drum on

a geared motor at B. If the 4.5 kN force is vertical and is positioned halfway 1.8 m
between points A and C , determine the forces supported by cables BCD and 150 mm
0.9 m
DE, the reactions at A, and the force supported by bar DF .
Solution
X
MA D 0 W T sin 15(2.7 m ) T (0.1 m )
È 2.7 m Ø (1)
4.5 kN Ê cos10Ú 0
2
X
Fx D 0 W T cos 5ı C T cos 10ı T cos 10ı C Ax D 0 (2)
Ç Fy 0: T sin 5 T sin 10 T sin 10 Ay 4.5 kN 0. (3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force T and reaction forces are
T 7.49 kN, Ax 7.46 kN, Ay 3.85 kN (4)
We use Eq. (5.3) again, and the FBD to the right to find that
X 3
Fx D 0 W T cos 5ı C TDE D0 (5)
5
X 4
Fy D 0 W T sin 5ı C FDF TDE D 0: (6)
5
Solving these equilibrium equations, we obtain
TDE 12.44 kN, FDF 10.6 kN (7)
Problem 5.39
Repeat Prob. 5.38 if the 4.5 kN vertical force is positioned at the bearing of pulley C .
Solution
4.5 kN
X
MA D 0 W T sin 15(2.7 m ) T (0.1 m )
4.5 kN(2.7 m cos10) 0 (1)
X
Fx D 0 W T cos 5ı C T cos 10ı T cos 10ı C Ax D 0 (2)
Ç Fy 0: T sin 5 T sin 10 T sin 10 Ay 4.5 kN 0. (3)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force T and reaction forces are
found to be
T 14.98 kN, Ax 14.92 kN, Ay 3.2 kN (4)
We use Eq. (5.3) again, and the FBD to the right to find that
X 3
Fx D 0 W T cos 5ı C TDE D0 (5)
5
X 4
Fy D 0 W T sin 5ı C FDF TDE D 0: (6)
5
Solving these equilibrium equations, we obtain
TDE 24.87 kN, FDF 21.2 kN (7)
Statics 1e 433
Problem 5.40
In the structure shown, member ABCD is supported by a pin at C and a cable

that wraps around pulley E which is frictionless.
(a) Specify if member ABCD has complete fixity or partial fixity and whether it
is statically determinate or statically indeterminate.
(b) Draw the FBD for member ABCD, and determine the cable tension in terms
of force F and length L. Comment on any difficulties that might arise in your
analysis.
Solution
ABCD has complete fixity, and the FBD shows 3 unknowns .n D 3/, there-
fore it is statically determinate. We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD
to the right to find that
X 1 1
MC D 0 W F .2L/ T p .2L/ C T p .L/ D 0 (1)
5 2
X 2 1
Fx D 0 W T p C Cx T p D 0 (2)
5 2
X 1 1
Fy D 0 W T p C Cy C T p F D 0: (3)
5 2
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force and reactions are found to be
T D 10:7F; Cx D 2:00F; Cy D 11:3F: (4)
Problem 5.41

analysis.
Solution
ABCD has complete fixity, and the FBD shows 3 unknowns .n D 3/, therefore it
is statically determinate. We use Eq. (5.3) on page 246 and the FBD to the right to
find that
X 1 1
MC D 0 W F .2L/ T p .2L/ T p .L/ D 0 (1)
5 2
X 2 1
Fx D 0 W T p C Cx C T p D 0 (2)
5 2
X 1 1
Fy D 0 W T p C Cy C T p F D 0: (3)
5 2
Solving these equilibrium equations, the cable force and reactions are found to be
T D 1:25F; Cx D 2:00F; Cy D 0:442F: (4)
Statics 1e 435
Problem 5.42

analysis.
Solution
ABCD has partial fixity because it can rotate about point C , and the FBD indicates
three unknowns .n D 3/, therefore it is statically indeterminate with partial fixity.
We attempt to find T , Cx , and Cy in terms of F (we know this will not be successful,
but we will try anyway for the purpose of demonstration). We use Eq. (5.3) on page
246 and the FBD to the right to find that
X 1 1
MC D 0 W F .2L/ T p .L/ C T p .L/ D 0 (1)
2 2
F D 0: (2)
This shows that equilibrium requires that F D 0. If F ¤ 0, then ABCD is not in static equilibrium.
Problem 5.43
An office chair has a compressed spring that allows the chair to tilt backward
when a sufficiently large force F is applied. When F is small, the stop at point 50 mm
A prevents the chair from tilting forward. If the spring has 1800 N/m stiffness
and 375 mm unstretched length, determine the value of F that will cause the chair 540 mm
350 mm
to begin tilting backward.
25 mm
50 mm
200 mm
150 mm
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right, where the spring force Fs is positive in compression.
When the chair begins to tilt, Ax D 0. We use the spring law to write
1800 N 540 N
Fs k ( L L0 ) (200 mm 375 mm ) 315 N (1)
(1000 mm )
Using the FBD with Ax D 0, we sum moments about point B to write
Ç MB 0 : 540 N(50 mm ) F (425 mm ) Fs (150 mm ) 0. (2)
Solving these equations, the force F at which the chair begins to tilt is
F 47.64 N (3)
Statics 1e 437
Problem 5.44
An office chair has a prewound torsional spring that allows the chair to tilt
backward when a sufficiently large force F is applied. When F is small, 500 mm
the stop at point A prevents the chair from tilting forward. If the spring has
11 Nm/rad stiffness and is prewound by 3=4 of a turn, determine the value of 540 N
350 mm
F that will cause the chair to begin tilting backward.
25 mm
50 mm
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right. When the chair begins to tilt, Ax D 0. We use the
torsional spring law to write
Nm 3 È 2p rad Ø 540 N
M kq 11 turn Ê 51.83
. Nm (1)
rad 4 turn Ú
Using the FBD with Ax D 0, we sum moments about point B to write
Ç MB 0: M 540 N(50 mm ) F (425 mm ) 0. (2)
Solving these equations, the force F at which the chair begins to tilt is
F 58.42 N (3)
Problem 5.45
A model for a 110 V electrical wall switch is shown. You may use your
discretion to specify an appropriate value for force Q to operate the switch, and
to decide if Q is always horizontal or is always perpendicular to line BCD.
Specify appropriate values for the spring stiffness and the initial length of the
spring.
Solution
Using the geometry shown at the right, the final spring length L is the distance
between points A and B, and may be determined as follows
15 mm sin 15ı D 3:882 mm; (1)
ı
30 mm 15 mm cos 15 D 15:51 mm; (2)
q
LD .3:882 mm/2 C .15:51 mm/2 D 15:99 mm: (3)
We will select Q D 2 N as a reasonable value of force to operate the switch, and we will assume Q is always
perpendicular to line CD. Also, when the switch begins to move, the reaction E D 0. Using the FBD shown
below, we sum moments about point C to obtain
X 3:882 15:51
MC D 0 W Q.25 mm/ C Fs .15 mm/ cos 15ı C Fs .15 mm/ sin 15ı D 0: (4)
15:99 15:99
With Q D 2 N, Eq. (4) is solved to obtain the spring force as

Fs D 6:865 N: (5)
The spring law, with Fs positive in compression as shown in the FBD, is
Fs D k.L L0 / (6)
6:865 N D k.15:99 mm L0 /: (7)
There are an infinite number of combinations of k and L0 that will satisft Eq. (7), but
we would like the spring to be relatively flexible, so we will select
L0 D 20 mm: (8)
Then, Eq.(7) requires the stiffness
6:865 N N
kD D 1:71 (9)
.15:99 mm 20 mm/ mm
This analysis is based on the situation when the switch first starts to move. Over the full range of motion, it
may be possible for the maximum value of Q to exceed 2 N. A more detailed analysis would provide this
information. However, for practical purposes of designing a switch that is activated by a force of about 2 N,
this analysis is adequate.
Statics 1e 439
Problem 5.46
A stiff fiberglass antenna is supported by a coiled spring at point A that has torsional
stiffness k t D 50 Nm=rad. Force F at point B is always horizontal and models
wind forces on the antenna. Determine the rotation of the antenna if
(a) F D 5 N.
(b) F D 50 N.
(c) Discuss why the answer for Part (b) is not 10 times greater than the answer for
Part (a).
Hint: When appropriate in this problem, you should use the original geometry when
writing equilibrium equations. When this simplification is employed, you should
discuss its validity.
Solution
Because the fiberglass antenna is stiff, we will assume it is rigid (i.e., does not bend). From
the torsional spring law, the spring at A produces the moment M D k. We use Eq. (5.3)
on page 246 and the FBD to the right to find that
X
MA D 0 W k C F .800 mm/ cos D 0: (1)
Part (a) If we assume that the geometry of the antenna changes very little, then is
small and cos 1. With this assumption and with F D 5 N, Eq. (1) is easily solved to
obtain
5 N.0:8 m/ cos
D D 0:080 rad D 4:58ı : (2)
50 Nm=rad
The value D 4:58ı is indeed small, and the assumption of cos 1 is warranted.
Part (b) Assuming that cos 1 and with F D 50 N, we solve Eq. (1) to obtain
50 N.0:8 m/ cos
D D 0:800 rad D 45:8ı : (3)
50 Nm=rad
The value of obtained is not small, and hence the assumption cos 1 cannot be made. We then plot
the quantity k C .50 N/.800 mm/ cos versus to determine the solution, or alternatively we may use a
computer algebra code to solve Eq. (1) for . It follows that
.50 N/.0:8 m/
D ) 0:641 rad D 36:7ı : (4)
cos 50 Nm=rad
Part (c) The moment arm of F about point A decreases with increasing deflection of the antenna. Thus, as
the deflection increases, the rate of increase of is not as great. Hence, for this problem, increasing the load
F by a factor of 10 does not produce a factor of 10 increase in . Using cos D 1 essentially assumes that
the geometry of the antenna changes very little due to the application of force F ; for Part (a) this is accurate,
while for Part (b) it is not accurate.
Problem 5.47
DrawP the FBD forPthe structure

Pshown. Then writeP the four equilibrium equa-
tions Fx D 0, Fy D 0, MC D 0, and MD D 0. If possible, solve
these equations to determine the support reactions. Discuss the difficulties that
arise.
Solution
Using the FBD shown, we follow the instructions in the problem statement to write the following four
equilibrium equations
X
Fx D 0 W 40 N C Dx D 0 (1)
X
Fy D 0 W 120 N C Ay C Cy C Dy D 0 (2)
X
MC D 0 W .40 N/.9 mm/ .120 N/.8 mm/ Ay .10 mm/ C Dy .20 mm/ D 0 (3)
X
MD D 0 W .40 N/.9 mm/ C .120 N/.12 mm/ Ay .30 mm/ Cy .20 mm/ D 0: (4)
Equation (1) may be solved to obtain

Dx D 40 N: (5)
We then solve Eq. (2) for Ay D 120 N Cy Dy , and substitute this into Eq. (3), which becomes
600 Nmm .120 N Cy Dy /.10 mm/ C Dy .20 mm/ D 0 (6)

1800 Nmm C Cy .10 mm/ C Dy .30 mm/ D 0: (7)
Similarly, we substitute Ay D 120 N Cy Dy into Eq. (4), which becomes
1800 Nmm .120 N Cy Dy /.30 mm/ Cy .20 mm/ D 0 (8)

1800 Nmm C Cy .10 mm/ C Dy .30 mm/ D 0: (9)
Equations (7) and (9) are seen to be identical. Thus, of the three equilibrium equations, Eqs. (2), (3), and (4),
only two of these are independent. Hence, it is not possible to determine three unknowns (Ay , Cy , and Dy ).
This problem is statically indeterminate, although we were able to determine Dx .
Statics 1e 441
Problem 5.48
DrawP the FBD forPthe structure

Pshown. Then writeP the four equilibrium equa- 2700 N
tions Fx D 0, Fy D 0, MC D 0, and MD D 0. If possible, solve 900 N
these equations to determine the support reactions. Discuss the difficulties that
arise. 0.9 m
1.2 m 1.5 m
Solution
Using the FBD shown, we follow the instructions in the problem statement to write the following four
equilibrium equations
2700 N
900 N
0.9 m
1.2 m 1.5 m
Ç Fx 0: 900 N Dx 0 (1)
Ç Fy 0: 2700 N C y Dy 0 (2)
Ç MC 0 : (2700 N)(1.2 m ) (900 N)(0.9 m ) Dy (1.5 m ) M D 0 (3)
Ç MD 0 : (2700 N)(2.7 m ) (900 N)(0.9 m ) C y (1.5 m ) M D 0. (4)
Equation (1) may be solved to obtain

Dx 900 N (5)
Expanding the terms in Eq. (3) provides
2430 Nm Dy (1.5 m ) M D 0. (6)
We then solve Eq. (2) for Cy D 2700 N Dy, and substitute this into Eq. (4), which becomes
6480 Nm (2700 N Dy )(1.5 m ) M D 0 (7)

2430 Nm Dy (1.5 m ) M D 0. (8)
Equations (6) and (8) are seen to be identical. Thus, of the three equilibrium equations, Eqs. (2), (3), and (4),
only two of these are independent. Hence, it is not possible to determine three unknowns (Cy , Dy , and MD ).
This problem is statically indeterminate, although we were able to determine Dx .
Problem 5.49
The I beam shown is statically indeterminate. Under certain circumstances, 4500 N

it may be appropriate to use a model where the I beam is rigid and the roller
supports at points B and C are replaced by vertical springs of equal stiffness so
that the support reactions may be determined. Do this and find the reactions at
0.6 m 0.6 m
points A, B, and C .
Solution
The spring at B is compressed by half the amount that the spring at C is compressed by, as shown in the
figure to the left.
4500 N 4500 N
If ı is the deflection of C , then the spring law provides
ı
By D k ; Cy D kı: (1)
2
Using the small angle approximation and the FBD to the right, we sum moments about point A to obtain
d
Ç MA 0: 4500 N(0.6 m ) k (0.6 m ) kd (1.2 m ) 0. (2)
2
The above equation may be solved to obtain
kd 1800 N (3)
Substituting Eq. (3) into Eq. (1) provides the reactions at points B and C as
By 900 N and Cy 1800 N (4)
To determine the remaining reactions, we use the FBD to write the following equilibrium equations
Ç Fx 0: Ax 0 (5)
Ç Fy 0: Ay 4500 N B y C y 0. (6)
Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions at point A are found to be
Ax 0 and Ay 1800 N (7)
Statics 1e 443
Problem 5.50
The I beam shown in Fig. P5.50(a) is statically indeterminate. Under certain

circumstances, it may be appropriate to use the model in Fig. P5.50(b) where
the I beam is rigid, the built-in support at point A is replaced by a pin and
torsional spring with stiffness k t , and the roller support at point C is replaced
by a vertical spring with stiffness k. Use this model to determine the reactions
at points A and C . Express your answers in terms of parameters such as F , L,
k, k t , etc.
Solution
The FBD is shown at the left, and the equilibrium equations are
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (1)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay C Cy F D 0 (2)
X
MA D 0 W MA C Cy .L/ F .L=2/ D 0: (3)
The spring law and torsional spring law provide
Cy D kı; MA D k t : (4)
Since the I beam is assumed to be rigid, the deflection ı and rotation are related, as follows. Using the
sketch of geometry shown above at the right, the relationship is L sin D ı, which for small angles (i.e.,
sin ) becomes
L D ı: (5)
From Eq. (1),
Ax D 0: (6)
Using Eqs. (4) and (5), Eqs. (2) and (3) become, respectively,
Ay C kı F D 0 (7)
ı
kt C kı.L/ F .L=2/ D 0: (8)
L
Solving Eq. (8) for ı and then solving Eq. (7) for Ay yields the results
FL2
ıD ; (9)
2.k t C kL2 /
h kL2 i
Ay D F 1 : (10)
2.k t C kL2 /
With ı being given by Eq. (9), is determined from Eq. (5) as

FL
D : (11)
2.k t C kL2 /
Then, Cy and MA may be determined from Eq. (4) as
F kL2 F kt L
Cy D ; MA D : (12)
2.k t C kL2 / 2.k t C kL2 /
As a simple, partial check of accuracy, if we let k t D 0, then the above solutions show that Ay D Cy D F=2
and MA D 0, all of which are expected results. Similarly, if we let k D 0, then the above solutions show that
Ay D F , Cy D 0, and MA D FL=2, all of which are expected results.
Statics 1e 445
Problem 5.51
For each object shown, specify whether it has partial fixity or full fixity and
whether it is statically determinate or statically indeterminate.
Solution
We use Eq. (5.17) with the FBDs below to determine:
Part (a) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (b) The structure has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically indeterminate.
Part (c) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 4 unknowns, therefore it is statically indeterminate.
Part (d) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (e) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (f) The structure has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically indetermi-
nate.
Problem 5.52
For each object shown, specify whether it has partial fixity or full fixity and
whether it is statically determinate or statically indeterminate.
Solution
Part (a) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (b) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 4 unknowns, therefore it is statically indeterminate.
Part (c) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (d) The structure has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 2 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (e) The structure has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically determinate.
Part (f) The structure has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore it is statically indeterminate.
Statics 1e 447
Problem 5.53
Without solving, speculate on the difficulty of each of Probs. 5.54 through 5.56.
Solution
Problems 5.54 and 5.55 are straightforward and are comparable in difficulty, because for each of these the
geometry in the equilibrium configuration is known.
Problem 5.56 is substantially more difficult because the geometry after the loads are applied is needed when
writing the equilibrium equations, and this geometry is unknown.
Problem 5.54
Repeat Example 5.7 on p. 281, using the actual geometry when writing the equilibrium equations to
determine the lift and drag forces L and D. Assume L is vertical and D is horizontal. In your opinion, are
the differences between your answers here and those in Example 5.7 acceptable? Describe some ways the
design of the wind tunnel of Example 5.7 could be changed so that these differences are reduced (e.g.,
change of dimensions, spring stiffnesses, etc.).
Solution
Beginning with D 1:06ı , we use trigonometry and the figure to the

right to determine the exact location of point B relative to point A as
0:4 m
˛ D tan1 D 33:69ı (1)
q 0:6 m
hx D .0:4 m/2 C .0:6 m/2 cos.˛ C / D 0:5925 m (2)
q
hy D .0:4 m/2 C .0:6 m/2 sin.˛ C / D 0:4110 m: (3)
Ax D kı; MA D k t : (4)
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D D 0 (5)
X
MA D 0 W MA C D.411:0 mm/ C L.592:5 mm/ D 0: (6)
Combining the spring laws and the equilibrium equations provides
D D kı D .0:125 N=mm/.2:51 mm/; (7)

m 103 mm rad ı
D.411:0 mm/ C 50 N 180ı 1:06
LD rad m
; (8)
592:5 mm
which, upon evaluation, provides the drag and lift forces
D D 0:314 N; L D 1:34 N: (9)
The drag force determined in Example 5.7 is identical to the value of D obtained here. The lift force
determined in Example 5.7 is 1:33 N, which is about 1% lower than the more accurate value determined here.
While an error of 1% is probably acceptable, it is easy to revise the design of the wind tunnel to reduce the
error. One modification would be to increase the torsional spring stiffness, k t . However, increasing k t may
increase the difficulty in obtaining an accurate measurement of during a test.
Statics 1e 449
Problem 5.55
In Example 5.7 on p. 281, if L D 2 N and D D 0:3 N, determine ı and , using the original geometry
when writing the equilibrium equations.
Solution
We use the FBD to the right, with the original geometry of the structure,
to write the equilibrium equations
X
Fx D 0 W Ax 0:3 N D 0 (2)
X
MA D 0 W MA C 0:3 N.400 mm/ C 2 N.600 mm/ D 0: (3)
Solving these equations we obtain

0:3 N
Ax D 0:3 N D kı ) ıD (4)
0:125 N=mm
1320 Nmm
MA D 1320 Nmm D k t ) D : (5)
Nm 103 mm rad
50 rad m 180ı
The unknowns are then found to be
ı D 2:40 mm; D 1:51ı : (6)
Problem 5.56
In Example 5.7 on p. 281, if L D 2 N and D D 0:3 N, determine ı and , using the actual geometry when
writing the equilibrium equations. Assume L is vertical and D is horizontal.
Solution
We use trigonometry and the figure to the right to determine the exact
location of point B relative to point A, in terms of the unknown angle ,
as
0:4 m
˛ D tan1 D 33:69ı (1)
q 0:6 m
hx D .0:4 m/2 C .0:6 m/2 cos.˛ C /
D .0:7211 m/ cos.˛ C / (2)
q
hy D .0:4 m/2 C .0:6 m/2 sin.˛ C /
D .0:7211 m/ sin.˛ C /: (3)
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D D 0 (5)
X
MA D 0 W MA C D.0:7211 m/ sin.˛ C /
CL.0:7211 m/ cos.˛ C / D 0: (6)
Combining the spring laws and the equilibrium equations provides
D 0:3 N
ıD D D 2:40 mm (7)
k 0:125 N=mm
!
Nm rad
50 C .0:3 N/.0:7211 m/ sin.33:69ı C / C .2:0 N/.0:7211 m/ cos.33:69ı C / D 0: (8)
rad 180ı
Equation (8) may be solved by simply plotting it versus to determine the solution for , or a computer
algebra program may be used. By either approach, the result is
D 0:0261 rad D 1:49ı (9)
Statics 1e 451
Problem 5.57
Can the solution to Prob. 5.22 on p. 267 be obtained by superposing the solutions to Probs. 5.20 and 5.21?
Explain.
Solution
Problems 5.20-5.22 ask to determine which of the rollers that support a motor make contact, and determine
the reactions at the rollers. The external loads include the weight W , and the pulley forces P and Q.
Problems 5.20, 5.21 and 5.22 have the following loading:
Prob. 5.20 : W 294.3 N P 0 Q 560 N
Prob. 5.21: W 294.3 N P 900 N Q 0
Prob. 5.22 : W 294.3 N P 900 N Q 560 N
The solution to Problem 5.22 CANNOT be obtained by superposition of the results for Problems 5.20 and
5.21, because the weight W would have been included twice.
Remarks: The following discussion is not required as part of the answer to this question, but is included to
provide additional clarification on how superposition could be used to answer Problem 5.22.
If we determine the reactions using the following three load cases:
case 1: W 294.3 N P 0 Q 0
case 2: W 0 P 900 N Q 0
case 3: W 0 P 0 Q 560 N
then using the results for load cases 1-3, the results for Problem 5.22 (where W D 294.3 N,
P D 900 N , and Q D 560 N ) can be obtained by superposition.
Superposition can also be used by subtracting the results for load case 1 above (W D 294.3 N ,
P D 0, and Q D 0) from the results for Problems 5.20 and 5.21.
Problem 5.58
Consider the structure from Example 5.8 on p. 282, shown again here where W 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m
is the weight of the structure with center of gravity at point H . 0.9 m
(a) If W D 9 kN , determine the support reactions due to the weight of the 0.9 m
0.3 m
structure only (i.e., P D 0).

0.9 m 0.6 m
(b) Use superposition of the results from Part (a) and Example 5.8 to determine
the total values of the support reactions when W D 9 kN and P D 13. 5 kN.
(c) Use superposition of the results from Part (a) and Example 5.8 to determine
the total values of the support reactions when W D 8 kN and P D 18 kN .
Solution
0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m
Part (a) In the FBD shown at the right, we consider the weight
W D 2 kip only (P D 0). The equilibrium equations are 0.9 m
Ç MB 0: TEA (0.9 m ) (9 kN)(0.6 m ) 0 (1)

0.9 m
Ç Fx 0: Bx 0 (2) W = 9 kN
Ç Fy 0: TEA B y 9 kN 0. (3) 0.9 m 0.6 m
These equations are easily solved to obtain
TEA 6 kN , (4)
Bx 0, (5)
By 15 kN (6)
Part (a) We superpose the results from Part (a) with those from Example 5.8 (i.e., TEA D 47.7 kN, Bx D 0,
By D 73:7 kN) to obtain
TEA 6 kN 47.7 kN 53.7 kN (7)
Bx 00 0, (8)
By 15 kN 73.7 kN 88.7 kN (9)
Part (c) We superpose the results from Part (a), scaled by the factor 8 kN = 9 kN , with those from
Example 5.8, scaled by the factor 18 kN =13 . 5 kN . Thus, we obtain
8 18
TEA (6 kN) (47.7 kN) 68.93 kN (10)
9 13.5
Bx 0 0 0, (11)
8 18
By (15 kN) (73.7 kN) 111.6 kN (12)
9 13.5
Statics 1e 453
Problem 5.59
For each of the support schemes shown in Fig. 5.19 on p. 275, apply a vertical downward force P , at
location B as shown in Fig. 5.20, and specify if the object is a two-force, three-force, or general multiforce
member.
Solution
The objects in Fig. 5.19 are shown below with a downward vertical force P applied at point B, as shown in
Fig. 5.20. Thus
Part (a) Three-member.
Part (b) Multiforce member.
Part (c) Three-member.
Part (d) Three-member.
Part (e) Three-member.
Part (f) Multiforce member.
Part (g) Multiforce member.
Part (h) Multiforce member.
Part (i) Multiforce member.
Part (j) Three-member.
Problems 5.60 through 5.72
Identify each of the members cited below as a zero-force, two-force, three-force, or multiforce member.
Problem 5.60 Members ABC and BD in Example 5.1 on p. 256.
Problem 5.61 Member ABCD in Example 5.2 on p. 258.
Problem 5.62 Door ABDE and strut BC in Example 5.3 on p. 259.
Problem 5.63 Plate ABCDE in Example 5.4 on p. 260.
Problem 5.64 Drum and contents in Example 5.5 on p. 261.
Problem 5.65 Drum and contents in Example 5.6 on p. 262.
Problem 5.66 Member ABC in Prob. 5.3 on p. 263.
Problem 5.67 Step AB in Prob. 5.4 on p. 263.
Problem 5.68 Members ABCD and DE in Prob. 5.5 on p. 263.
Problem 5.69 Tray AB and link BC in Prob. 5.6 on p. 264.
Problem 5.70 Member ABC in Prob. 5.18 on p. 266.
Problem 5.71 Member ABCDE in Prob. 5.19 on p. 267.
Problem 5.72 Wrench ABC in Prob. 5.25 on p. 268.
Solution to 5.60
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.1, member ABC is a three-force member. Also, the force
supported by member BD is directed between points B and D, and thus member BD is a two-force member.
Solution to 5.61
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.2, member ABCD is a multiforce member.
Solution to 5.62
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.3, member ABDE is a multiforce member, and member BC is
a two-force member.
Solution to 5.63
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.4, member ABCDE appears to be a multiforce member because
it has forces applied at four points. However, since the line of action of force R1 intersects point A, it is
essentially a three-force member. Thus, either answer is acceptable.
Solution to 5.64
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.5, the drum and its contents are a three-force member.
Statics 1e 455
Solution to 5.65
Referring to the FBD in Fig. 2 of Example 5.6, the drum and its contents appear to be a multiforce member
because it has forces applied at four points. However, since the line of action of force C intersects point B, it
is essentially a three-force member. Thus, either answer is acceptable.
Solution to 5.66
Drawing a FBD of member ABC shows this member to be a three-force member with a parallel force system.
Solution to 5.67
Drawing a FBD of step AB shows this member to be a three-force member.
Solution to 5.68
Drawing a FBD of step ABCD shows ABCD to be a multiforce member and DE to be a two-force member.
Solution to 5.69
Drawing a FBD of tray AB shows AB to be a three-force member and BC to be a two-force member.
Solution to 5.70
Drawing a FBD of bar ABC shows it to be a multiforce member.
Solution to 5.71
Drawing a FBD of member ABCDE shows it to be a multiforce member.
Solution to 5.72
Drawing a FBD of wrench ABC shows it to be a three-force member.
Problem 5.73
A handheld mixer for blending cooking ingredients is shown. To minimize

operator fatigue, it is desirable for the reaction forces on the operator’s hand to
be as small as possible. With this goal in mind, should the beaters rotate in the
same direction or opposite directions? Assume each beater produces a moment
about the ´ axis, and if needed, assume reasonable values for dimensions.
Explain your reasoning.
Solution
Let M ? be the magnitude of the moment produced by one rotating beater. If the rotation of both beaters is in
the same direction, then the moments add so that
ˇ ˇ
ˇ.MO / ˇ D 2M ? :
´
If the rotation of the beaters are in opposite directions, then the moments will cancel so that
ˇ ˇ
ˇ.MO / ˇ D 0:
´
Therefore,
The beaters should be set to rotate in opposite directions.
Statics 1e 457
Problem 5.74
When you evaluate the solution of a problem, it is always necessary to verify the accuracy of the solution,
and when possible, performing simple checks can help with verification. In Example 5.15 on p. 306,
consider the specific position D 0, analyze the problem afresh to determine the hydraulic cylinder force
required to begin opening the dump, and verify that the results of Example 5.15 are in agreement. As
another check, Fig. 3 in Example 5.15 shows the hydraulic cylinder force is zero for a particular tilt angle.
Explain why this occurs and, if possible, perform a simple analysis that confirms the value of at which
this force is zero.
Solution
The FBD of the bucket in the D 0 position is shown at

the right. Using the coordinates of points B and G given in
Example 5.15, the 1:559 m and 0:7071 m dimensions shown
are easily determined. To help determine the components of the
hydraulic cylinder forces, we use Eq. (2) from Example 5.15
to write the position vector rEAB when D 0 as

rEAB D 1:3 m {O C .1:1 m/ sin 50ı C 0:5 m |O

C .1:1 m/ cos 50ı 3:2 m k; O (1)
O m;
D .1:3 {O C 1:343 |O 2:493 k/ (2)
rAB D 3:116 m: (3)
Thus, the y and ´ components of the force supported by one hydraulic cylinder (the x component of this
force is not needed and hence is not written) are
1:343 2:493
.FAB /y D FAB ; and .FAB /´ D FAB ; (4)
3:116 3:116
where the proper direction for the ´ component is shown in the FBD. Summing moments about point O
provides
X 1:343 2:493
MO D 0 W 400 kN.1:8 m/ cos 30ı 2FAB .1:1 m/ cos 50ı 2FAB .1:1 m/ sin 50ı D 0:
3:116 3:116
(5)
Solving Eq. (5) for the force FAB required to begin opening the dump results in
FAB D 318 kN: (6)
Notice that this value is in agreement with the D 0 value that is shown on the force versus plot of Fig. 3
on pp. 307 of the text.
As another check, notice that the results of Example 5.15 show that the hydraulic cylinder force is zero
when D 60ı . At this position, the center of gravity for the dump, G, is positioned directly above the
bearings, C and C 0 , and thus the weight W of the dump produces no moment about C , thus requiring FAB
and FA0 B 0 to be zero. To confirm this value of , we note from the problem description that the ´-coordinate of
G is .1:8 m/ cos .30ı C /. This coordinate becomes zero when D 60ı , hence giving simple confirmation
of some of the results reported in Example 5.15.
Problem 5.75
A machine for sanding wood floors is shown. The machine of mass 36 kg with
center of gravity along the ´ axis. At each sanding drum a moment of 6.75 Nm 200 mm
is applied to the machine in the direction opposite the rotation of the drum.
Assume the operator’s hands, positioned at points C and D, can apply forces 250 mm
in the positive or negative x direction. Determine the forces on the operator’s 850 mm
hands if
375 mm
(a) Both sanding drums rotate about the positive ´ direction.
(b) The sanding drums at A and B rotate about the positive and negative ´
directions, respectively.
Solution
Part (a) If the drums rotate about the positive ´ direction, then the
reaction moments acting on the machine will point in the direction oppo-
site to the rotation (´ direction) as shown in the FBD at the right. The
equilibrium equations are
Ç Fx 0: C x Dx 0, (1)
353.16 N
Ç Mz 0: Dx (200 mm ) C x (200 mm ) 6750 Nmm
6750 Nmm 0. (2)
Solving these equations provides the reactions acting on the handles as
Cx 33.75 N, and Dx 33.75 N (3) 6.75 Nm

6.75 Nm
Part (b) With drums A and B rotating about the ´ and ´ directions,
respectively, the corresponding moments act about the ´ and ´ direc-
tions, respectively, as shown in the FBD at the right. The equilibrium
equations become
Ç Fx 0: C x Dx 0, (4)
Ç Mz 0: Dx (200 mm ) C x (200 mm ) 6750 Nmm

6750 Nmm 0. (5) 353.16 N
Solving these equations provides the reactions acting on the handles as
Cx D 0 ; and Dx D 0 : (6)
6.75 Nm
6.75 Nm
Statics 1e 459
Problem 5.76
Bar EF has a square cross section and is fixed in space. The structure ABC
has negligible weight and has a collar at C that has a square hole which slides
freely on bar EF . The structure ABC supports a uniform rectangular sign
with weight 1 kN (the two vertical edges of the sign align with points A and
B). Determine the magnitude of the tension in cable AD and all of the reaction
components at C referred to the x, y, and ´ directions provided.
Solution
The vector expression for the force the cable applies to point A is
1 {O 2 |O C 3 kO
TEAD D TAD p : (1)
14
Equilibrium of forces requires
X
FE D 0E W 1 kN kO C TEAD C Cx {O C Cy |O D 0:
E (2)
Upon substitution and grouping of the components, Eq. (2) becomes

1 2 3
Cx C p TAD {O C Cy p TAD |O C 1 kN C p TAD kO D 0: E (3)
14 14 14
For Eq. (3) to be satisfied, each of the terms multiplying {O, |O, and kO must be zero, hence
1
Cx C p TAD D 0; (4)
14
2
Cy p TAD D 0; (5)
14
3
1 kN C p TAD D 0: (6)
14
Solving Eq. (6) to obtain TAD , and then using the other two equations to obtain Cx and Cy results in
1
Cx D kN D 0:333 kN; (7)
3
2
Cy D kN D 0:667 kN; (8)
3p
14
TAD D kN D 1:25 kN: (9)
3
To determine the moment reactions, we sum moments about a convenient point, choosing point C , to write
X
E C D 0E W
M 1 kN.2 m/ {O C 1 kN.2 m/ |O C MC x {O C MCy |O C MC ´ kO C rECA TEAD D 0E (10)
2 3
T {O |O kO
AD
2 kNm {O C 2 kNm |O C MC x {O C MCy |O C MC ´ kO C p det 44 m 2 m 0 5 D 0E (11)
14 1 2 3
2 kNm {O C 2 kNm |O C MC x {O C MCy |O C MC ´ kO
TAD h i
Cp .6 m/ {O .12 m/ |O C .8 m 2 m/ kO D 0:
E (12)
14
Grouping terms in Eq. (12) provides
h 6m i h 12 m i h 10 m i
2 kNm C MC x C p TAD {O C 2 kNm C MCy p TAD |O C MC ´ p TAD kO D 0;
E (13)
14 14 14
which can be expressed as the three scalar equations
6m
2 kNm C MC x C p TAD D 0; (14)
14
12 m
2 kNm C MCy p TAD D 0; (15)
14
10 m
MC ´ p TAD D 0: (16)
14
With TAD already known, the above equations are easily solved to obtain
MC x D 0; (17)
MCy D 2 kNm; (18)
10
MC ´ D kNm D 3:33 kNm: (19)
3
Statics 1e 461
Problem 5.77
Bar ABCDE is supported by cable BF , a ball and socket at A, and a self-

aligning bearing at E. Determine the tension in cable BF and the reactions at
points A and E. 1.2 m
1.2
0.6
1.2 1.2
P = 450 N
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right. Both vector and scalar solutions are effective,
and we will choose the scalar approach. To determine the components of
the cable tension, it is helpful to write the vector expression for the cable
tension as
rEBF 4 {O C 4 kO {O C kO
TE D T DT p DT p : (1)
rBF 4 2 2
We write and immediately solve the equilibrium equations, as follows

450 N
Ç M Ax 0: (450 N)(1.2 m ) E z (2.4 m ) 0 (2)
À Ez 225 N (3)
Ç M Az 0: E x (2.4 m ) 0 (4)
À Ex 0, (5)
1
Ç M Ay 0: T
2
(1.2 m ) (450 N)(1.2 m ) E z (1.2 m ) E x (0.6 m ) 0 (6)
À T 318.19 N, (7)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay D 0; (8)
) Ay D 0 ; (9)
1
Ç Fx 0: T
2
Ax E x 0 (10)
À Ax 225 N, (11)
1
Ç Fz 0: T
2
Az 450 N E z 0 (12)
À Az 0. (13)
In summary, the cable tension and reactions are
Ax D 225 N, T D 318:19 N (14)

Ay D 0 ; Ex D 0 ; (15)
A´ D 0 ; E´ D 225 N (16)
Problem 5.78
Vertical bar ED has circular cross section and is built in at E. Member ABC
is a single member that lies in a horizontal plane, with portion BC parallel to
the ´ axis and with cable CD attached to point C . The collar at A can freely
slide in the y direction and can freely rotate about the y axis.
150 mm 80 N
150 mm
(a) Does the structure ABC have complete fixity or partial fixity, and is it
statically determinate or statically indeterminate? Explain. 75 mm
(b) When point B is subjected to a downward vertical force of 8 0 N, determine

the force supported by the cable and all support reactions at A.
Solution
Part (a) The FBD of member ABC is shown at the right, where it is
seen that there are 5 unknowns. Because there are 6 equilibrium equations
and only 5 unknowns, we conclude
80 N
the structure has partial fixity and is statically de-

terminate, presuming it is in static equilibrium.
The reason that the bar is not fully fixed is because it is free to rotate
about the y axis.
Part (b) A scalar approach will be used to determine the tension T in

cable CD and the reactions at A. The vector expression for the cable
tension TE is
150 î 150 T 75 k
T T . (1)
225
Using the FBD, we write the following equilibrium equations
150
Ç Fx 0: Ax T
225
0, (2)
150
Ç Fx 0: 80 N T
225
0, (3)
75
Ç Fz 0: Az T
225
0, (4)
Solving Eq. (3) for T , and then solving the remaining equations for Ax and A´ provides
T 120 N, Ax 80 N, Az 40 N (5)
We sum moments about the x and ´ axes through point A to write

150
Ç M Az 0: M Az T
225
(75 mm ) 0, (6)
150
Ç M Az 0: M Az T
225
(150 mm ) 80 N(150 mm ) 0. (7)
Statics 1e 463
The equations are easily solved to obtain
M Ax 6000 Nm, M Az 0. (8)
Problem 5.79
Follow the suggestion made in Eqs. (10) and (11) of Example 5.12 on p. 301 to find the tension in cable
AC by summing moments about line OD.
Solution
From Example 5.12, the FBD is repeated at the right and we have
the following vector expressions
1:6 {O 1:6 |O C 0:8 kO

rEOA D 1:6 |O m; TEAC D TAC ; (1)
2:4
rEOB D 3:6 |O m; FE D .5 {O 12 k/O kN: (2)
Using the geometry shown in the FBD, we write the following vector
expressions
O m;
rEOD D .1:1 {O C 0:8 k/ rOD D 1:360 m; (3)
rEOD O
uO OD D D 0:8087 {O C 0:5882 k: (4)
rOD
To sum moments about line OD, we apply Eq. (10), or Eq. (11), from Example 5.12
X
MOD D 0 W rEOA TEAC uO OD C rEOA TEAD uO OD C rEOB FE uO OD D 0 (5)
„ ƒ‚ …
D0
TAC
1:28 m {O 2:56 m kO uO OD C 43:2 {O 18:0 kO kNm uO OD D 0 (6)
2:4
TAC TAC
1:28 m 0:8087 C 2:56 m 0:5882
2:4
2:4
C 43:2 kNm 0:8087 C 18:0 kNm 0:5882 D 0: (7)

In writing Eq. (5), by inspection of the FBD, the term rEOA TEAD uO OD D 0 since TEAD produces no
moment about line OD. Solving Eq. (7) for TAC provides
TAC D 23:0 kN; (8)
which agrees with the result obtained in Example 5.12.
Statics 1e 465
Problem 5.80
In Prob. 5.79, find the tension in cable AD by summing moments about line OC .
Solution
From Example 5.12, the FBD is repeated at the right and we have
the following vector expressions
1:1 {O 1:6 |O C 0:8 kO

rEOA D 1:6 |O m; TEAD D TAD ; (1)
2:1
rEOB D 3:6 |O m; O kN:
FE D .5 {O 12 k/ (2)
Using the geometry shown in the FBD, we write the following vector
expressions
O m;
rEOC D .1:6 {O C 0:8 k/ rOC D 1:789 m; (3)
rEOC O
uO OC D D 0:8944 {O C 0:4472 k: (4)
rOC
To sum moments about line OC , we write
X
MOC D 0 W rEOA TEAC uO OC C rEOA TEAD uO OC C rEOB FE uO OC D 0 (5)
„ ƒ‚ …
D0
TAD
1:28 m {O C 1:76 m kO uO OC C 43:2 {O 18:0 kO kNm uO OC D 0 (6)
2:1
TAD TAD
1:28 m 0:8944 C 1:76 m 0:4472
2:1
2:1
C 43:2 kNm 0:8944 C 18:0 kNm 0:4472 D 0: (7)

In writing Eq. (5), by inspection of the FBD, the term rEOA TEAC uO OC D 0 since TEAC produces no
moment about line OC . Solving Eq. (7) for TAD provides
TAD D 50:75 kN; (8)
which agrees with the result obtained in Example 5.12.
Problem 5.81
Member AGDB is supported by a cable DE, a self-aligning bearing at A, and

a self-aligning thrust bearing at B.
(a) Draw the FBD for AGDB, labeling all forces and moments.
(b) Rate the solution strategies listed below for ease of obtaining the magnitude
of the tension TDE in cable DE. Rate the best choice as number 1, second-
best choice number 2, and so on. If a solution strategy does not work, then
label it with zero.
Rating Solution strategy
X X
Write FE D 0E and E B D 0,
M E solve for TDE :
Write rEAG WE C rEAD TEDE D 0,

E solve for TDE :
X X
Write FE D 0E and M E solve for TDE :
E O D 0,
Write .ErAG WE C rEAD TEDE / rEOC D 0, solve for TDE :

X X
Write FE D 0E and M EA D 0,E solve for TDE :
Solution
Part (a) The FBD for member AGDB is shown below.
Part (b)
Rating Solution Strategy
X X
2 Write FE D 0E and E B D 0,
M E solve for TDE :
0 Write rEAG WE C rEAD TEDE D 0,

E solve for TDE :
X X
4 Write FE D 0E and ME O D 0,
E solve for TDE :
1 Write .ErAG WE C rEAD TEDE / rEOC D 0, solve for TDE :

X X
3 Write FE D 0E and M EA D 0,E solve for TDE :
Statics 1e 467
Problem 5.82
A circular plate with weight WE D 900 kO N acting at its center, point F , is 300 mm 300 mm
supported by cord DE and a thrust bearing at B. Shaft AC is fixed and is
frictionless.
275 mm
(a) Draw the FBD for the plate, labeling all forces and moments. 125 mm
250 mm
D (225, 450, 75)mm
(b) Rate the solution strategies listed below for ease of obtaining the magnitude F (125, 325, 125)mm
900 N
of the tension TDE in cable DE. Rate the best choice as number 1, second-
best choice number 2, and so on. If a solution strategy does not work, then
label it with zero.
Rating Solution strategy
X X
Write FE D 0E and E B D 0,
M E solve for TDE :
Write rEBF WE C rEBD TEDE D 0,

E solve for TDE :
X X
Write FE D 0E and ME O D 0,
E solve for TDE :
Write .ErBF WE C rEBD TEDE / rEAC D 0, solve for TDE :

X X
Write FE D 0E and M E D D 0,E solve for TDE :
Solution
Part (a) The FBD for the circular plate is shown below.
900 N
Part (b)
Rating Solution Strategy
X X
2 Write FE D 0E and E B D 0,
M E solve for TDE :
0 Write rEBF WE C rEBD TEDE D 0,

E solve for TDE :
X X
4 Write FE D 0E and ME O D 0,
E solve for TDE :
1 Write .ErBF WE C rEBD TEDE / rEAC D 0, solve for TDE :

X X
3 Write FE D 0E and M E D D 0,E solve for TDE :
Problem 5.83
Determine the cable tension for the circular plate of Prob. 5.82.
Solution
Let WE represent the 900 N weight. Summing moments about point B

provides
X
ME B D 0E W rEBF WE C rEBD TEDE C M
E1 C ME 2 D 0:
E (1)
Taking the dot product of Eq. (1) with unit vector rOAC , where by
inspection ME 1 rOAC D 0 and M E 2 rOAC D 0 since M
E 1 and M
E 2 are
orthogonal to rOAC , results in

rEBF WE C rEBD TEDE rOAC D 0: (2) 900 N
Using the geometry provided in the problem statement, the following vector expressions are written

rBF 125 î 25 T mm, (3)

W 900 N k, (4)

rBD 225 î 150 T 50 k mm, (5)

rAC 600 T 250 k
rAC , (6)
rAC 650

rDE 225 î 450 T 450 k
TDE TDE . (7)
rDE 675
To evaluate Eq. (2), we will first evaluate the cross products, and then evaluate the dot products. Thus, the
cross products in Eq. (2) are
î T k î T k

rBF W rBD TDE
T
125 mm 25 mm 0 225 mm 150 mm 50 mm m DE (8)
675
0 0 900 N 225 450 450
T
>(22500 Nmm) î (112500 Nmm) T @ >(45000) î (90000 mm) T (67500 mm) k @ DE (9)
675
Taking the dot product of Eq. (9) with rOAC provides
Ë È 600 Ø È 250 Ø Û
ÌÍ(22500 Nmm )(0) (112500 Nmm ) Ê 650 Ú (0) Ê 650 Ú ÜÝ
Ë È 600 Ø È 250 Ø Û TDE
Ì(45000)(0) (90000 mm ) Ê (67500 mm ) Ê 0, (10)
Í 650 Ú 650 Ú ÝÜ 675
which is solved to obtain
(112500 Nmm )(600 650)

TDE 675 1227.27 N (11)
(90000 mm )(600 650) (67500 mm )(250 650)
Statics 1e 469
Problem 5.84
A circular plate of radius r is welded to a post with length h that is built in at

point A. Determine the reactions at point A. Express your answers in terms of
parameters such as r, h, F , and P .
Solution
The FBD of the structure is shown at the right. The sum of forces
equilibrium equations are
X
Fx D 0 W Ax C P P D 0; (1)
X
Fy D 0 W Ay D 0; (2)
X
F´ D 0 W A´ F F D 0: (3)
These equations may be immediately solved to obtain
Ax D 0; (4)
Ay D 0; (5)
A´ D 2F: (6)
Summing moments about the x, y, and ´ axes through point A provides

X
MAx D 0 W MAx C F r C F r D 0; (7)
X
MAy D 0 W MAy C F r F r C P h P h D 0; (8)
X
MA´ D 0 W MA´ C P .2r/ D 0: (9)
These equations may be immediately solved to obtain
MAx D 2F r; (10)

MAy D 0; (11)
MA´ D 2P r: (12)
Problem 5.85
Object ABCDEF is a sliding door that is supported by a frictionless bearing

at A and a wheel at F that rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. The object
has weight W D 800 N, which acts at the midpoint of the rectangular region
BCDE. Determine all support reactions.
Solution
The FBD for the door is shown at the right. We use a scalar
approach to write the equilibrium equations, which may be
immediately solved as follows
X
My D 0 W F .0:8 m/ .800 N/.0:5 m/ D 0 (1)
) F D 500 N; (2)
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0 (3)
) Ax D 0 ; (4)
X
F´ D 0 W A´ 800 N C F D 0 (5)
) A´ D 300 N; (6)
X
Mx D 0 W MAx .800 N/.0:5 m/ D 0 (7)
) MAx D 400 Nm; (8)
X
M´ D 0 W MA´ D 0 (9)
) MA´ D 0 : (10)
In summary, the support reactions for the door are
F D 500 N;
Ax D 0 ; A´ D 300 N;
MAx D 400 Nm; MA´ D 0 :
Statics 1e 471
Problem 5.86
The control surface of an aircraft is supported by a thrust bearing at point C

and is actuated by a bar connected to point A. The 1 kN force acts in the
negative y direction, and the line connecting points A and B is parallel to the y
axis. Determine the value of force F needed for equilibrium and all support
reactions.
Solution
The FBD for the control surface is shown at the right. We use a scalar
approach to write the equilibrium equations, which may be immediately
solved as follows
X 14
My D 0 W 1 kN .0:3 m/ F .0:1 m/ D 0 (1)
15
) F D 3:214 kN; (2)
X 14
Fx D 0 W Cx C F D0 (3)
15
) Cx D 3:000 kN; (4)
X 5
F´ D 0 W C´ 1 kN F D0 (5)
15
) C´ D 2:071 kN; (6)
X 2
Fy D 0 W Cy C F D0 (7)
15
) Cy D 0:4286 kN; (8)
X 5 2
Mx D 0 W MC x C F .0:2 m/ C F .0:1 m/ .1 kN/.0:6 m/ D 0 (9)
15 15
) MC x D 0:3429 kNm; (10)
X 14
M´ D 0 W MC ´ C F .0:2 m/ D 0 (11)
15
) MC ´ D 0:6000 kNm: (12)
In summary, the support reactions for the control surface are
Cx D 3:00 kN; Cy D 0:429 kN; C´ D 2:07 kN;

MC x D 0:343 kNm; MC ´ D 0:600 kNm; F D 3:21 kN:
Problem 5.87
An L-shaped bar is supported by a bearing at A and a smooth horizontal surface

at B. Determine the reactions at A and B.
Solution
The FBD for the structure is shown at the right. Both vector and scalar
solutions are effective, and both are presented.
Vector solution The following vector expressions are needed

O m; rEAB D .2 {O C 3 k/
FE D 800 N |O; rEAC D .2 {O C 1:5 k/ O m: (1)
The equilibrium equations are

X
FE D 0E W AE C BE C FE D 0E (2)
.Ay C By 800 N/ |O C A´ kO D 0;
E (3)
X
EA D 0E W
M MEA C rEAC FE C rEAB BE D 0E (4)
ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ
ˇ {O |O kO ˇˇ ˇ {O |O kO ˇˇ
ˇ ˇ
MAy |O C MA´ kO C ˇˇ2 0 1:5 ˇˇ Nm C ˇˇ2 0 3 ˇˇ m D 0E (5)
ˇ 0 800 0 ˇ ˇ 0 B 0ˇ
y
MAy |O C MA´ kO C {O.1:5/.800/ Nm C k.2/.800/

O O
Nm C {O.3 m/By C k.2 m/By D 0E (6)

1200 N m .3 m/By {O C MAy |O C MA´ C 1600 N m .2 m/By kO D 0: E (7)
From the kO term of Eq. (3), A´ D 0. From the {O and |O terms of Eq. (7), By D 400 N and MAy D 0. Then,
from the |O term of Eq. (3), Ay D 400 N. Finally, from the kO term of Eq. (7), MA´ D 800 Nm. In summary,
the reactions are
By D 400 N; Ay D 400 N; A´ D 0; MAy D 0; MA´ D 800 Nm: (8)
Scalar solution We use the FBD shown above, and use a scalar approach to write the equilibrium equations,
which may be immediately solved as follows
X
F´ D 0 W A´ D 0 ) A´ D 0 ; (9)
X
MAx D 0 W By .3 m/ C .800 N/.1:5 m/ D 0 ) By D 400 N; (10)
X
MA´ D 0 W By .2 m/ C .800 N/.2 m/ C MA´ D 0 ) MA´ D 800 N; (11)
X
MAy D 0 W MAy D 0 ) MAy D 0 ; (12)
X
Fy D 0 W By 800 N C Ay D 0 ) Ay D 400 N: (13)
As expected, these solutions agree with those obtained by the vector approach.
Statics 1e 473
Problem 5.88
Structure ABCD is supported by a collar at D that can rotate and slide along
bar EF which is fixed and is frictionless. Structure ABCD makes contact with
smooth surfaces at A and C where the normal direction nE to the surface at A
lies in a plane that is parallel to the xy plane. Force P is parallel to the y axis.
If P D 10 kN, determine the reactions at A, C , and D.
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right where the reaction Cx acts in the
x direction and the reaction at A acts in a plane that is parallel to
the xy plane, with the components Ax and Ay shown. We use a
scalar approach to write the equilibrium equations, which may be
immediately solved as follows
X
MDx D 0 W .10 kN/.2 m/ Ay .4 m/ D 0 (1)
.10 kN/.2 m/ A cos 30ı .4 m/ D 0 (2)
) A D 5:774 kN (3)
With the value of A obtained above, the x and y components of

this reaction are
Ax D A sin 30ı D 2:887 kN; (4)

ı
Ay D A cos 30 D 5:000 kN: (5)
X
Fx D 0 W Cx Ax D 0 ) Cx D 2:887 kN; (6)
X
MDy D 0 W MDy C C.4 m/ Ax .4 m/ D 0 ) MDy D 0 ; (7)
X
MD´ D 0 W MD´ C Ay .3 m/ Ax .2 m/ D 0 ) MD´ D 9:227 kNm; (8)
X
Fy D 0 W Dy 10 kN C Ay D 0 ) Dy D 5:000 kN; (9)
X
F´ D 0 W D´ D 0 ) D´ D 0 (10)
In summary, the support reactions for the structure are
A D 5:77 kN; Cx D 2:89 kN;

Dy D 5:00 kN; D´ D 0 ;
MDy D 0 ; MD´ D 9:23 kNm:
Problem 5.89
The propellers of the twin engine airplane shown rotate in the same direction,
and each propeller exerts a moment M D 1:3 kNm on the wings of the plane.
To equilibrate this moment, trim tabs on the vertical stabilizer are used to
produce trim forces T . Determine the value of T , assuming the trim forces are
vertical.
Solution
The forces acting on the plane are shown in the FBD at the right.
With both engines producing a clockwise moment, the trim forces
T produced by the trim tabs create a moment that equilibrates that
of the engines, thereby eliminating the tendency of the plane to roll.
With point P located as shown on the FBD, we sum moments about
P to write
X
MP D 0 W M M C T .0:8 m/ C T .0:8 m/ D 0: (1)
Solving for the trim force provides

T D 1:62 kN: (2)
Statics 1e 475
Problem 5.90
In Prob. 5.89, in what direction do the propellers rotate? Specify clockwise or

counterclockwise with respect to the view shown in Fig. P5.89, and explain
your reasoning.
Solution
The direction of rotation will be determined by assuming a partic-

ular direction of rotation, and then verifying if the assumption was
correct. Note that the forces that the air applies to the propellers act
in directions that oppose the direction of rotation, as shown in the
two sketches for counterclockwise rotation (CCW) and clockwise
rotation (CW). We will assume the propellers rotate counterclock-
wise, and to verify if this assumption is correct, we will draw the
FBD for the plane, write an equilibrium equation, and examine its
solution.
The FBD for the plane is as shown at the right where we have
assumed the propellers rotate counterclockwise (CCW). Equilib-
rium of moments about point P provides
X
MP D 0 W F d F d C T .0:8 m/ C T .0:8 m/ D 0: (1)
Although the FBD shows the two propellers in a vertical orientation, either propeller may have any orientation
and Eq. (1) is still valid. Because T > 0, Eq. (1) can be satisfied only if F > 0, and hence the assumption of
CCW rotation was correct.
If the rotation was assumed to be clockwise, then the FBD would be revised so that the four forces F
would be in opposite directions, and equilibrium of moments about point P becomes
X
MP D 0 W F d C F d C T .0:8 m/ C T .0:8 m/ D 0: (2)
Because T > 0, Eq. (2) can be satisfied only if F < 0, which is not physically possible, hence indicating that
the assumption of clockwise rotation is invalid.
To summarize,
the propellers rotate counterclockwise (CCW):
Alternate solution The concepts of equivalent force systems may be used to easily establish the direction
of rotation. We again point out that the forces that the air applies to the propellers act in directions that oppose
the direction of rotation, as shown in the two sketches for counterclockwise rotation (CCW) and clockwise
rotation (CW). Note that the two forces F for counterclockwise rotation constitute an equivalent force system
for the moment M shown in the problem statement, while the forces for clockwise rotation do not. Hence,
we conclude that the propellers rotate counterclockwise.
These sketches are not FBDs, because they do not show all the forces that act on the propellers.
Problem 5.91
A bracket is supported by a loose-fitting pair of rollers at points A and B, and 350 mm

another loose-fitting pair at C and D, and a frictionless pin at F . The forces at 375 mm 300 mm
400 mm
E and G are horizontal and vertical, respectively. Determine the reactions at
68 N 275 mm
the pin and each of the four rollers.
200 mm
90 N
Solution
The FBD for the bracket is shown at the right where we have as-
sumed that the rollers at A and C make contact. The signs for R1 68 N
and R2 that we obtain will indicate which rollers actually make 68 N
90 N
contact, as follows 68 N
90 N
90 N
If R2 > 0, then roller C makes contact.
Using the FBD with the xy coordinate system shown, the equilibrium equations are
Ç Fx 0: (68 N)cos 30 F cos 30 (90 N)sin 30 0, (1)
Ç Fy 0: (68 N)sin 30 R1 R2 F cos 30 (90 N)cos 30 0, (2)
Ç MF 0 : (68 N)cos 30 (175 mm ) (68 N)sin 30 (1050 mm ) R1 (700 mm )
R2 (400 mm ) 90 N (200 mm )2 (275 mm )2 0. (3)
Solving Eq. (1) for F provides

F 16.04 N (4)
Solving Eqs. (2) and (3) simultaneously for R1 and R2 provides
R1 150.41 N and R2 276.24 N (5)
Thus, rollers B and C make contact, and the reactions at the rollers are
Ay 0, (6)
By 150.41 N, (7)
Cy 276.24 N, (8)
Dy 0. (9)
Statics 1e 477
Problem 5.92
A semicircular geared bracket is subjected to a vertical 80 N force at point C .

The bracket is supported by frictionless pins at A and B and a gear at D. The
pins and gear are fixed to plate E, and the gear at D is not allowed to rotate.
Determine the tangential force supported by the gear at D and the reactions at
pins A and B.
Solution
The FBD for the geared bracket is shown at the right. Noticing
that the lines of action of the reactions A and B intersect at
point O, we sum moments about point O to write
X
MO D 0 W T .80 mm/ 80 N cos 30ı .200 mm/
C 80 N sin 30ı .20 mm/ D 0; (1)
T D 163 N: (2)
Summing forces in the x and y directions provides

X
Fx D 0 W T cos 30ı B sin 60ı D 0; (3)
X
Fy D 0 W A C T sin 30ı C B cos 60ı 80 N D 0:
(4)
Equation (3) is solved to obtain B, and then Eq. (4) is solved

to obtain A, which results in
B D 163 N and A D 83:2 N: (5)
Problem 5.93
A frame supports three frictionless pulleys that guide a tape that runs at constant 50 mm 60 mm 60 mm 50 mm
speed. Determine the reactions at support A if ˛ D ˇ D 0.

20 mm 20 mm
20 mm
Solution
The FBD is shown at the right. Summing forces in the x

and y directions provides the equilibrium equations
X
Fx D 0 W Ax D 0; (1)
X
Fy D 0 W 14 N 14 N C Ay D 0; (2)
which are solved to obtain

Ax D 0; (3)
Ay D 28 N: (4)
Summing moments about point A provides
Ç MA 0 : 14 N(190 mm ) 14 N(30 mm ) M A 0, (5)

MA 3080 Nmm (6)
Statics 1e 479
Problem 5.94
Repeat Prob. 5.93 if ˛ D 30ı and ˇ D 0ı . 50 mm 60 mm 60 mm 50 mm
20 mm 20 mm
20 mm
Solution
When drawing the FBD, it will be most convenient to remove the pulleys from the
structure (note that if the pulleys are left on the structure, it will be difficult to
determine the moments arms for the tape forces). Thus, we use the sketch shown at
the right to determine the angle v measured from the vertical for the tape segment
between pulleys C and D. Using Eq. (5.12) discussed in the margin note on page 270,
the angle (this is measured parallel to line CD) is given by
2r 2(20 mm )
q sin 1 sin 1 28.13. (1)
h 84.85 mm
Thus, the angle v of the tape measured from the vertical is
v D 90ı 45ı D 16:87ı : (2)
The FBD is shown below where the pulleys have been removed from the structure. Summing forces in
the x and y directions provides the equilibrium equations
X
Fx D 0 W 14 N sin 30ı C 2 14 N sin 16:87ı 2 14 N sin 16:87ı C Ax D 0; (3)
X
Fy D 0 W 14 N cos 30ı 2 14 N cos 16:87ı C 2 14 N cos 16:87ı 14 N C Ay D 0: (4)
Solving the first of these equations for Ax and the second for Ay provides
Ax D 7:00 N and Ay D 26:1 N: (5)

X
MA D 0 W 14 N cos 30ı C 14 N cos 16:87ı .17 0 m m/ 2 .14 N/ cos 16:87ı .110 m m/

C 14 N cos 16:87ı C 14 N .5 0 m m/ C MA D 0; (6)

MA 2761 Nmm (7)
Problem 5.95
Repeat Prob. 5.93 if ˛ D 30ı and ˇ D 45ı . 50 mm 60 mm 60 mm 50 mm
20 mm 20 mm
20 mm
Solution
When drawing the FBD, it will be most convenient to remove the pulleys from the
structure (note that if the pulleys are left on the structure, it will be difficult to
determine the moments arms for the tape forces). Thus, we use the sketch shown at
the right to determine the angle v measured from the vertical for the tape segment
between pulleys C and D. Using Eq. (5.12) discussed in the margin note on page 270,
the angle (this is measured parallel to line CD) is given by
2r 2 (20 mm )
sin 1 q sin 1 28.13. (1)
h 84.85 mm
Thus, the angle v of the tape measured from the vertical is
v D 90ı 45ı D 16:87ı : (2)
The FBD is shown below where the pulleys have been removed from the structure. Summing forces in
the x and y directions provides the equilibrium equations
X
Fx D 0 W 14 N sin 30ı C 2 14 N sin 16:87ı 2 14 N sin 16:87ı C 14 N sin 45ı C Ax D 0; (3)
X
Fy D 0 W 14 N cos 30ı 2 14 N cos 16:87ı C 2 14 N cos 16:87ı 14 N cos 45ı C Ay D 0: (4)
Solving the first of these equations for Ax and the second for Ay provides
Ax D 2:90 N and Ay D 22:0 N: (5)

X
MA D 0 W 14 N cos 30ı C 14 N cos 16:87ı .17 0 m m/ 2 .14 N/ cos 16:87ı .110 m m/

C 14 N cos 16:87ı C 14 N cos 45ı .5 0 m m/ C MA D 0; (6)

MA 2556 Nm (7)
Statics 1e 481
Problem 5.96
The trigger of a high-pressure washer gun is shown. The torsional spring at

point A has stiffness k t D 1100 Nmm=rad and is prewound by 6ı when it is
installed (i.e., when the trigger makes contact at point G). The axial spring
DE has stiffness ka D 0:1 N=mm and has 40 mm unstretched length. The
trigger operates the washer on low pressure when 0 < 15ı , and when
15ı < 25ı , the trigger operates the washer on high pressure. Assume force
F remains horizontal with the same line of action for all trigger positions.
(a) Determine the force F that causes the trigger to begin movement.
(b) Determine the force F that causes the trigger to first make contact with the
plunger at C ( D 15ı ).
(c) Determine the force F required to fully pull the trigger ( D 25ı ). Assume
the plunger at C contacts the back of the trigger at a right angle when
D 25ı .
Solution
Part (a) The FBD for when the trigger initially begins to move is shown at the
right. In this FBD, the torsional spring law has been used to give the moment
at point A where 0 D 6ı is the pretwist of the torsional spring. Summing
moments about point A provides
X Nmm ı rad
MA D 0 W F .35 mm/ 1100 6 D 0: (1)
rad 180ı
Thus, the force necessary to begin movement of the trigger is
F D 3:29 N: (2)
Part (b) When the trigger and plunger initially make contact at point
C , the trigger will have undergone a 15ı rotation about point A. The
FBD is shown at the right, where the total twist of the torsional spring
is 0 C 15ı . Summing moments about point A provides
X Nmm ı rad
MA D 0 W F .35 mm/1100 6 C 15ı D 0; (3)
rad 180ı
F D 11:5 N: (4)
Part (c) When the trigger is fully depressed, the trigger will have
undergone a 25ı rotation about point A. The FBD is shown at the right,
where the total twist of the torsional spring is 0 C 25ı , and force FCD
is due to the compression of spring DE. The unstretched length of this
spring is given, and final length can be determined by noting that the
trigger rotates 10ı after initially making contact at C , thus spring DE
will have displaced by 55 mm .sin 10ı /. Thus the force produced by
spring DE when it is fully compressed is given by
FCD D ka .L0 L/ ; (5)

L0 D 40 mm; (6)
ı
L D 30 mm .55 mm/ sin 10 ; (7)
N

FCD D 0:1 40 mm 30 mm C .55 mm/ sin 10ı (8)
mm
D 1:955 N: (9)

X Nmm ı rad
MA D 0 W F .35 mm/ 1100 6 C 25ı FCD .55 mm/ D 0; (10)
rad 180ı
Nmm ı rad
F .35 mm/ 1100 6 C 25ı .1:955 N/ .55 mm/ D 0; (11)
rad 180ı
F D 20:1 N: (12)
Statics 1e 483
Problem 5.97
Member ABCD has negligible weight.
(a) If member ABCD is to be a two-force member, which (if any) of FB , FD ,

and MC must be zero?
(b) If member ABCD is to be a three-force member, which (if any) of FB ,

FD , and MC must be zero?
(c) If FD D 0, MC D 0, and FB > 0, draw thePFBD for member ABCD and

sketch the force polygon corresponding to FE D 0.
E
Solution
Part (a) ABCD is a two-force member if
FB D 0; and MC D 0:
Note that it is not necessary that FD D 0.
Part (b) ABCD is a 3-force member if
MC D 0:
Part (c) With FD D 0 and MC D 0, member ABCD is a

three-force member, and its FBD is shown at the right. P If the
member is in equilibrium, then the equilibrium equation M D
0 requires that the lines of action of FED , FA , and FB must
intersect at point G. Using the triangular geometries shown with
the FBD, the angle ˛ at which FA acts can be determined using
L1 D h tan 30ı ; (1)

L2 h C L1
˛ D tan1 D tan1 D tan1 .1 C tan 30ı /
h h
D 57:6ı : (2)
P
Using the FBD, and with FB > 0, the force polygon corresponding to FE D 0E is shown
at the right.
Problem 5.98
Draw the FBD for each object shown, and specify whether it has partial fixity
or full fixity and whether it is statically determinate or statically indeterminate.
Assume cables, if present, are in tension.
Solution
Part (a) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically determinate with full fixity:
Part (b) The object has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically indeterminate with partial fixity:
Part (c) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n > 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically indeterminate with full fixity:
Part (d) The object has partial fixity, the FBD has n < 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically determinate with partial fixity:
Part (e) The object has partial fixity, the FBD has n < 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Part (f) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statics 1e 485
Problem 5.99
Draw the FBD for each object shown, and specify whether it has partial fixity
or full fixity and whether it is statically determinate or statically indeterminate.
Assume cables, if present, are in tension.
Solution
Part (a) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Part (b) The object has partial fixity, the FBD has n < 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Part (c) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Part (d) The object has partial fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically indeterminate with partial fixity:
Part (e) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n D 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Part (f) The object has full fixity, the FBD has n > 3 unknowns, therefore the object is
Statically indeterminate with full fixity:
Problem 5.100
Boom OABC is supported by a socket at O, cable EABF which passes

300 mm
through small frictionless loops at A and B, and a cable at C that supports a 250 mm
force T1 and whose line of action is directed toward D. The distances between
points O and A, A and B, and B and C are equal.
300 mm
(a) If T1 D 0, qualitatively describe the equilibrium position of the boom. 300 mm
(b) For the static equilibrium position shown, determine the value of T1 , the C (225, 300, 0) mm
force T2 supported by cable EABF , and the reactions at O. Hint: A m = 13 kg
numerical solution of the equilibrium equations is recommended.
Solution
Part (a)
If T1 D 0, boom OABC lies in the y´ plane.
Part (b) The FBD for boom OABC is shown at the right. Since
cable EABF is a single cable, and is assumed to be weightless with
frictionless rings at points A and B, the tensile force it supports is
uniform and is denoted by T2 in the FBD. The coordinates of the
various points are
C (225, 300, 0) mm D (250, 0, 300) mm

B (150, 200, 0) mm F (0, 300, 300) mm
A (75, 100, 0) mm E (0, 0, 300) mm
With these coordinates, various position vectors can be written

127.53 N

rAE 75 î 100 T 300 k mm, rAE 325 mm, (1)

rBF 150 î 100 T 300 k mm, rBF 350 mm, (2)

rCD 25 î 300 T 300 k mm, rCD 425 mm, (3)

rOA (75 î 100 T ) mm, (4)

rOB (150 î 200 T ) mm, (5)

rOC (225 î 300 T ) mm (6)
Vector expressions for the cable forces are

rAE 75 î 100 T 300 k
TAE T2 T2 , (7)
rAE 325

r 150 î 100 T 300 k
TBF T2 BF T2 , (8)
rBF 350

r 25 î 300 T 300 k
TCD T1 CD T1 . (9)
rCD 425
Statics 1e 487
Using the FBD, summing moments about point O provides the equilibrium equation
X

ME O D 0E W rEOE TEAE C rEOB TEBF C rEOC TECD C WE D 0: E (10)
î T k î T k
T2 T2
0 0 300 mm 150 mm 200 mm 0
325 350
75 N 100 N 300 N 150 N 100 N 300 N
î T k î T k
T1
225 mm 300 mm 0 225 mm 300 mm 0 0. (11)
425
25 N 300 N 300 N 0 0 127.553 N
Carrying out the cross-product operations, Eq. (11) becomes
T2 T
>(30000) î (22500) T @ in. >(60000) î (45000) T (45000) k @ in. 2
325 350
T
>(90000) î (67500) T (75000) k @ in. 1 >(38259) î (28694.25) T @ Nmm 0. (12)
425
The terms multiplying {O, |O, and kO in Eq. (12) must be zero, and hence the following equations are obtained
30000 60000 90000
î terms : T2 mm T2 mm T1 mm 38259 Nmm 0
325 350 425
90000 È 30000 60000 Ø
T1 T2 Ê 38259 N 0, (13)
425 325 350 Ú
22500 45000 67500
T terms : T2 mm T2 mm T1 mm 28694.25 Nmm 0
325 350 425
67500 È 22500 45000 Ø
T1 T2 Ê 28694.25 N 0, (14)
425 325 350 Ú
45000 75000
k terms : T2 mm T1 mm 0
350 425
75000 45000 (15)
T1 T2 0.
425 350
Solving Eq. (13) and Eq. (15) simultaneously for T1 and T2 gives
T1 66.68 N and T2 91.52 N (16)
Note that these solutions for T1 and T2 also satisfy Eq. (14). In other words, Eqs. (13) and (14) are not
independent. In fact, Eq. (14) is equal to Eq. (13) multiplied by 3/4.
Using the FBD, summing forces provides the equilibrium equation

X
FE D 0E W OE C TEAE C TEBF C TECD C WE D 0:
E (17)
Substituting for the various force vectors in Eq. (17), and requiring the terms multiplying {O, |O, and kO to be
zero results in
75 150 25
î terms : Ox T2 N T2 N T1 N 0, (18)
325 350 425
100 100 300

T terms : Qy T2 N T2 N T1 N 0, (19)
325 350 425
300 300 300
k terms : Oz T2 N T2 N T1 N 127.53 N 0. (20)
325 350 425
Since the values of T1 and T2 are known, these equations are easily solved to obtain
Ox 56.42 N, (21)
Oy 49.1 N, (22)
Oz 82.46 N (23)
Statics 1e 489
Problem 5.101
A machine for sawing concrete is shown. It is supported by a cutting disk

at point C and two wheels at points A and B (the wheel at B is not shown).
The wheels at A and B are separated by a 0:8 m distance along the x axis.
Determine the dimension d where the cutting disk should be located so that the
force supported by wheel A is 20% of the force supported by wheel B.
Solution
The FBD for the machine is shown at the right. Summing moments about the ´
axis provides X
M´ D 0 W W .0:4 m/ B.0:8 m/ D 0; (1)
thus
B D 0:5W: (2)
Summing moments about an x-parallel axis passing through point C provides
X
MC x D 0 W W .d 0:35 m/ C Ad C Bd D 0: (3)
Since it is desired that A D 20%B, and with B D 0:5W , Eq. (3) becomes
W .d 0:35 m/ C .0:2/.0:5/W d C .0:5/W d D 0: (4)
Solving the above equation for d provides
0:35 m
dD D 0:875 m: (5)
0:4
Problem 5.102
A structure consists of a thin flat plate and two short bars with bearing supports 450 N
50 mm
at A and B, where the bearing at B is self-aligning. The plate is loaded at its 200 mm
center by a 450 N vertical force and by a 180 N force in the x direction at one of 200 mm
the corners. 50 mm
180 N
(a) Does the plate have complete fixity or partial fixity, and is it statically
determinate or statically indeterminate? Explain.
(b) Determine all reactions at A and B.
Solution
Part (a) The FBD for the plate is shown at the right. Note that 450 N
since bearing B is self aligning, it cannot support any moment
reactions. Examining the plate shows that it cannot translate in
any of the x, y, or ´ directions, and it cannot rotate about any
of the x, y, or ´ axes, hence it has full fixity. The FBD has six
unknown reactions, and since there are six equilibrium equations, 180 N
it is statically determinate since it has full fixity.
Part (b) Summing moments about the x axis passing through

point A provides
Ç M Ax 0 : (450 N)100 mm Bz (250 mm) 0, (1)
B´ D 180 N (2)
Summing forces in the x, y, and ´ directions provides
Ç Fx 0: 180 N Bx 0, (3)
Ç Fy 0: Ay 0, (4)
Ç Fz 0: Az Bz 450 N 0. (5)
These equations are easily solved to obtain
Bx 180 N, Ay 0, Az 270 N (6)
Summing moments about the ´ axis passing through point A and the y axis passing through point A provides
Ç M Az 0: M Az Bx (250 mm ) 180 N (200 mm ) 0, (7)
Ç M Ay 0: M Ay 450 N (150 mm ) Bz (250 mm ) 0, (8)

which can be solved to obtain
M Az 9000 Nmm and M Ay 22500 Nmm (9)
Statics 1e 491
Problem 5.103
Bar ABCD is supported by a cable AED, which passes over a frictionless

pulley at point E, and a collar B that slides without friction on a vertical shaft
with square cross section. If the tip A is subjected to a 5 kN vertical force,
determine the tension in the cable and all support reactions at collar B.
Solution
The FBD for bar ABCD is shown at the right. Since cable AED is a
single cable, and is assumed to be weightless with a frictionless pulley
at point E, the tensile force it supports is uniform and is denoted by
T in the FBD. Vector expressions for the force supported by cable
segments AE and DE are
6 |O 8 kO
TEAE D T ; (1)
10
3 {O C 6 |O C 2 kO
TEDE D T : (2)
7
Using the FBD, we write the following equilibrium equations
X 6 6
Fy D 0 W 5 kN C T C T D 0; (3)
10 7
X 3
Fx D 0 W Bx T D 0; (4)
7
X 8 2
F´ D 0 W B´ T C T D 0: (5)
10 7
Equation (3) is solved for T , and using this, Eqs. (4) and (5) are solved for Bx and B´ , with the results
T D 3:43 kN; Bx D 1:47 kN; B´ D 1:77 kN: (6)
Using the FBD, we sum moments about the x, y, and ´ axes to write
X 6 6
MBx D 0 W MBx C 5 kN .8 m/ T .8 m/ C T .2 m/ D 0; (7)
10 7
X 3 2
MBy D 0 W MBy C T .2 m/ T .3 m/ D 0; (8)
7 7
X 6
MB´ D 0 W MB´ C T .3 m/ D 0: (9)
7
Solving the above equations provides
MBx D 29:4 kNm; MBy D 0; MB´ D 8:82 kNm: (10)

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Accuracy of Numbers in Calculations

A freezer rests on a pair of supports at A and a pair of supports at B. Weights 100 mm

reactions at each pair of supports.

Ç MA 0 : 200 N(100 mm )  660 N(400 mm ) (1)

Ç Fy 0: A  B  200 N  660 N  270 N 0 (2)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

B 485.59 N, A 644.41 N. (3)

Weights of various parts of a computer are shown. Neglecting friction, Deter-

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

B D 106:5 N A D 23:5 N: (3)

Ç MA 0: B(150 mm )  90 N(400 mm ) 0 (1)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

B 240 N A 150 N (3)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

F 529.74 N, B 941.76 N, A  235.44 N. (4)

Bar ABCD is supported by a pin at point C and a cable from points D to E.

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are found to be

Cx D 4:13 kN; Cy D 14:5 kN; D D 6:88 kN: (4)

B D 42:9 N; Ax D 68:6 N; Ay D 31:4 N: (4)

Ç MA 0: 549.4 N(6 m )  2648.7 N(3.9 m ) (1)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

B 2142.5 N A 237.5 N. (3)

Ç Fy 0: 549.4 N  2648.7 N  1324.4 N  450 N  2 B 0 (3)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the unknowns are found to be

W D 19;200 N; d D 0:748 m: (4)

A variety of structures with pin, roller, and built-in supports are

A variety of structures with pin, roller, and built-in supports are

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are found to be

Ay D F D cos 30ı (9)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are found to be

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reactions are found to be

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

Ay D 1:884 kN Ey D 2:116 kN Ex D 2 kN: (4)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

Gx D 0 Gy D 3:167 kN Ay D 2:833 kN: (4)

0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m

Ç MA 0 :  4.5 kN(0.9 m )  4.5 kN(1.8 m )  4.5 kN(2.7 m )

Ç Fy 0: Ay  Py  2(2.25 kN)  3(4.5 kN) 0. (3)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

Py D 4.5 k N Ax D 0 k N Ay D 13:5 k N (4)

200 mm 200 mm 200 mm

Ç Fy 0: Ay  I y  360 N  540 N 0, (2) 360 N

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

Ay 517.5 N Ix 0, Iy 382.5 N. (4)

Ç MD 0: 9000 N(3.4 m )  711.2 N(1.4 m ) (1) 9000 N

Ç Fy 0: 9000 N  711.2 N  66708 N  1334.2 N  C y  Dy 0. (2)

Solving these equilibrium equations, the reaction forces are found to be

Cy 50907.2 N, Dy 26846.2 N (3)

Ç MA 0 : 150 N(250 mm )  B cos q (500 mm ) 0, (1)

Ç MB 0:  Ay (500 mm )  150 N(250 mm) 0, (2)

Solving Eq. (1) provides

Ay D 75 N and Ax D 796:5 N: (6)

Hence, the magnitude of the reaction at A is

Bar ABC is supported by a roller at B and a frictionless collar at A which slides

Ç MA 0 : 200 N(100 mm ) 660 N(400 mm ) (1)

Ç Fy 0: A B 200 N 660 N 270 N 0 (2)

Ç MA 0: B(150 mm ) 90 N(400 mm ) 0 (1)

F 529.74 N, B 941.76 N, A 235.44 N. (4)

Ç MA 0: 549.4 N(6 m ) 2648.7 N(3.9 m ) (1)

Ç Fy 0: 549.4 N 2648.7 N 1324.4 N 450 N 2 B 0 (3)

Ç MA 0 : 4.5 kN(0.9 m ) 4.5 kN(1.8 m ) 4.5 kN(2.7 m )

Ç Fy 0: Ay Py 2(2.25 kN) 3(4.5 kN) 0. (3)

Ç Fy 0: Ay I y 360 N 540 N 0, (2) 360 N

Ç MD 0: 9000 N(3.4 m ) 711.2 N(1.4 m ) (1) 9000 N

Ç Fy 0: 9000 N 711.2 N 66708 N 1334.2 N C y Dy 0. (2)

Ç MA 0 : 150 N(250 mm ) B cos q (500 mm ) 0, (1)

Ç MB 0: Ay (500 mm ) 150 N(250 mm) 0, (2)

Ç MA 0: R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (560 N)(450 mm ) 0, (1)

Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 560 N 0. (2)

R1 181.9 N and R2 1036.2 N (3)

ÇMA 0: R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (900 N)(50 mm ) 0, (8)

Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 900 N 0. (9)

Ç MA 0 : R2 (300 mm ) (294.3 N)(200 mm ) (900 N)(50 mm ) (560 N)(450 mm ) 0, (15)

Ç Fy 0: R1 R2 294.3 N 900 N 560 N 0. (16)

Ç MB 0 : (529.7 N)(200 mm ) 4 M 0 (1)

Ç MC 0 : A(3.9 m ) B(1.8 m ) 784.8 N(2.4 m 0.6 m ) (1)

Ç MA 0 : 529.74 N(125 mm ) 1350 N(175 mm ) 450 N(7200 mm )

Ç Fx 0: Ax G cos 20 450 N 0. (3)

G 6822.15 N, Ay 453.57 N Ax 6860.72 N. (4)

Ç MF 0: 35.3 N(100 mm ) E y (200 mm )

Fx 40.85 N, Ey 85.6 N, Fy 31.45 N. (4)

Ç MA 0 : 900 N(1.8 m ) T (1.2 m ) T (0.6 m ) 0 (1)