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BIOLOGY – Assignment
Chapter : Evolution and Human Health and Disease
1. Which one of the following was not given by 9. Which one of the following period was a part of
Darwin's theory of evolution? Paleozoic era in the geological time scale?
1) Struggle for existence 2) Over production 1) Devonian
3) Natural selection 4) Genetic drift. 2) Jurassic
3) Tertiary
2. Age of fishes is also known as
4) Cretaceous
1) Permian Period 2) Silurian Period
10. The following graph shows the range of variation
3) Devonian Period 4) Ordovician Period among population members for a trait determined
3. Mesozoic era is Golden period of by multiple genes.
1) Reptiles 2) Molluscans If this population is subject to stabilizing selection
for several generations, which of the distributions (a
3) Fishes 4) Amphibians
-d) is most likely to result?
4. The given diagram of marsupials of Australia

Proportion
provides an example of
Tasmanian
Flying
wolf
phalanger Banded anteater
Prop

Prop
Australian
Marsupials
1) 2)
Marsupial rat
Koala

Prop
Prop

Kangaroo
1) Convergent evolution2) Parallel evolution 3) 4)
3) Recapitulation 4) Divergent evolution
11. Match the evolution concepts and their proposers
5. In the early earth, water and CO2 were produced by and select the right option.
the combination of O2 with
1) Ammonia and methane Column I Column II
2) Hydrogen A Saltation (i) Darwin
3) Organic matter B Formation of life (ii) Louis Pasteur
4) Sulphates and nitrates was proceeded by
chemical
6. Single step large mutation leading to speciation is evolution
also called
1) Founder effect 2) Saltation C Reproductive (iii) de Vries fitness
isolation
3) Branching descent 4) Natural selection
D. Life comes from (iv) Oparin and Oparin
7. Which one among the following is an example for pre existing living and Haldane pre-
homology? forms existing life
1) Eyes of octopus and mammals 1) A – (iii), B – (iv), C – (i), D – (ii)
2) Tuber of sweet potato and potato 2) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i)
3) Wings of butterfly and birds 3) A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (i)
4) Thorns and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita
4) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (i), D – (iv)
8. Organic compounds first evolved on earth and 12. American scientist S.L. Miller created the primitive
required for origin of life earth conditions in a closed flask, which were
1) Urea and Amino acid 1) CH4, He, NH3 water vapour at 200°C
2) Protein and Nucleic Acid 2) NH3, CH4, H2 and He at 1000°C
3) Protein and Amino acid 3) H2, NH3, CH4 and water vapour at 800°C
4) Urea and Nucleic Acid 4) Water vapour, CH4, NH3 and H2 at 200°C

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 2 Biology Assignment
13. One major criticism against Darwin's theory of 24. Convergent evolution is shown by
evolution is that 1) Homologous organs 2) Analogous organs
1) It does not explain presence of vestigial organs 3) Vestigial organs 4) All of the above
found in many mammals
2) It over estimates the reproductive capacity of 25. The energy used in the Urey and Miller experiment
organism. was provided by
3) It does not takes into account variation with 1) Lightening
heredity 2) Electric spark/discharge
4) None 3) Cosmic rays 4) Anode Rays

14. Process of evolution is 26. According to Darwin ‘fitness’ refers to

1) Discontinuous 1) Physical and mental fitness
2) Discontinuous in the past but continuous 2) Long life span
presently 3) Person beneficial for the society
3) Continuous in the past but discontinuous 4) Reproductive fitness
presently 4) Continuous 27. Match the following organisms w.r.t. the time period
15. The sum of all genes held by the members of in which they erose
population is called Organism Time
1) Genotype 2) Gene pool A Invertebrate (i) 200 mya
3) Gene flow 4) Genome
B Jawless fish (ii) 500 mya
16. The first organisms were
C See weeds (iii) 350 mya
1) Chemoautotrophs 2) Chemoheterotrophs
(iv) 320 mya
3) Autotrophs 4) Eukaryotes
1) A–(iv), B–(iii), C–(ii) 2) A–(iv), B–(i), C–(ii)
17. Mammals are believed to have evolved from
reptiles in which period 3) A–(ii), B–(iii), C–(iv) 4) A–(iv), B–(iii), C–(i)
1) Jurassic 2) Triassic 28. Darwin’s finches represent one of the best example
3) Cretaceous 4) Permian of adaptive radiation. The original small black birds
that migrated to Galapagos islands from South
18. In general, in the developmental history of a America were
mammalian heart, it is observed that it passes 1) Insect eaters 2) Seed eaters
through a two-chambered fish-like heart, three-
chambered frog-like heart and finally to four- 3) Cactus feeder 4) Frugivorous
chambered stage. To which hypothesis can this 29. The diagram given below shows an antibody
above cited statement be approximated? molecule with their parts labelled as A, B, C, D, E and
1) Hardy-Weinberg Law F. Identify the part marked as A, B, C, D, E and F.
2) Lamarck's Principle A
3) Biogenetic Law 4) Mendelian Principles
B
19. Genetic drift operates only in D-chain
1) Smaller Populations 2) Larger Populations
C
3) Mendelian Populations4) Island
Populations
F E-chain
20. Connecting link between reptiles and bird
1) Archeopteryx 2) Euglena Bond/Bridge
3) Neopilina 4) Latimaria 1) A-Antigen binding site; B-Variable region
(of L-Chain); C - Constant region (of L-Chain); D
21. The ultimate source of organic evolution
- Light polypeptide chain (L-Chain); E-Heavy
1) Sexual reproduction polypeptide chain (H-Chain); F - Disulfide bond.
2) Hormonal effect 2) A - Antigen binding site; B-Constant region
3) Natural selection 4) Mutation (of L-Chain); C - Variable region (of L-Chain); D
- Light polypeptide chain (L-Chain); E-Heavy
22. Mutations are generally polypeptide chain (H-Chain); F - Disulfide bond.
1) Recessive 2) Polymorphic 3) A-Antigen binding site; B-Variable region
3) Lethal 4) Dominant (of L-Chain); C - Constant region (of L-Chain); D
- Heavy polypeptide chain (L-Chain); E - Light
23. Hackel’s Rule is
polypeptide chain (H-Chain); F - Hydrogen bond
1) Ontogeny repeats phylogeny
4) A-Antigen binding site; B-Variable region
2) Omnis cellula -e-cellula (of L-Chain); C - Constant region (of L-Chain); D
3) Divergent evolution - Light polypeptide chain (L-Chain); E - Heavy
4) Protobiogenesis polypeptide chain (H-Chain); F - Hydrogen bond
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30. Key concepts of Darwin’s theory of evolution are
1) Rapid multiplication and natural selection
2) Survival of the fittest and inheritance
3) Branching descent and natural selection
4) Prodigality and Variations
3 Biology Assignment
39. The key point of Lamarck’s theory was or
Lamarck's theory on evolution is stated as
1) Inheritance of acquired characters
2) Natural selection
3) Survival of fittest 4) Descent with change

31. Giraffes who in an attempt to forage leaves on tall 40. Coacervates and Microspheres are two important
trees had to adapt by elongation of their necks. protobionts. These terms were given by _____ and
Giraffes slowly over the years came to acquire long _____ respectively.
necks. This concept was given by 1) Oparin and Sydney fox
1) Darwin 2) Lamarck 2) Sydney fox and Haldane
3) Wallace 4) Both 1 & 3 3) Spallanzani and Richter
4) Van Helmont and Oparin
32. The unit of evolution is now known to be the
1) Individual 2) Family 41. _______ made observations on organisms during a
3) Population 4) Species sea voyage in H.M.S Beagle ship
1) Oparin 2) T.R. Malthus
33. Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so 3) Charles Darwin 4) Wallace
different in the new sample of population that they
become a different species. Which of the term 42. “Essay on population” was written by
given below can appropriately describe the above 1) Lamarck 2) Darwin
scenario? 3) Malthus 4) Wallace
1) Disruption 2) Speciation
43. Which of the following factor will not affect
3) Founders effect 4) Saltation
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
34. Choose the wrong statement regarding Hardy- 1) Genetic drift 2) Gene flow
Weinberg principle 3) Random mating 4) Genetic recombination
1) Allele frequencies in a population are stable
44. During formation of earth the oceanic water which
and constant from generation to generation.
is rich in mixture of organic compounds was termed
2) Sum total of all the allelic frequencies in a as Hot dilute soup by
population is 1.
1) J.B.S. Haldane 2) H.C. Urey
3) Variation due to genetic drift results in changed
3) Charles Darwin 4) A.I. Oparin
frequency of genes and alleles in future
generations. 45. Which of the following can be concluded by looking
4) Genetic recombination helps in maintaining at the picture below?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 1) The cranial capacity of
living modern man is less
35. The first cellular forms of life appeared how many than that of Homo sapiens
million years ago? fossils
1) 2000 2) 200 3) 20 4) 1000 2) The skull of baby
chimpanzee is more like
126. Which option best describes the descending order
adult human skull
of evolution of man?
3) Protruding jaws projecting
1) Neanderthal man > Homo habilis > Homo
brow ridges, erect posture
erectus > Australopithecus > Ramapithecus were features of Homo
2) Ramapithecus > Australopithecus > Dryo erectus
pithecus > Homo habilis > Neanderthal man 4) This primate enjoyed bipedal locomotion, was
3) Australopithecus > Java man > Homo habilis > omnivorous and had a cranial capacity of 700 c.c.
Neanderthal man > Homo sapiens
4) Neanderthal man > Homo erectus > Homo 46. The Naturalist who worked in Malay Archepelago is
habilis > Dryopithecus 1) A.I. Oparin 2) A.R. Wallace
37. Passive immunisation can be practised in the 3) Charles Darwin 4) Lamarck
cases of 47. Theory of germplasm was given by
1) Hepatitis B and diphtheria 1) Weismann 2) Malthus
2) Snake bite and tetanus 3) Spencer 4) Darwin
3) Tetanus and T.B 48. Human appeared in which epoch?
4) Allergic rhinitis and utricaria 1) Eocene 2) Pleistocene
38. Cancerous cells do not show 3) Miocene 4) Oligocene
1) Property of contact cell inhibition 49. The cells affected by leukaemia are:
2) Lack of adherence 1) Plasma cells 2) Erythrocytes
3) Invasiveness 4) Metastasis 3) Thrombocytes 4) Leucocytes

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 4 Biology Assignment
50. Allergy condition caused by pollen grains of certain 58. Alcoholism may leads to
flowers causing inflammation of the nose is called 1) Skin cancer 2) Liver cirrhosis
1) Pharyngitis 2) Laryngitis 3) Viral disease 4) Eye infections
3) Bronchitis 4) Rhinitis
59. Antibody which is available in the minimum amount
51. Immunoglobulins are in our blood
1) Antigen 2) Antibodies 1) IgG 2) IgM 3) IgA 4) IgE
3) Antiseptics 4) Antibiotics 60. Abdominal discomfort and colic pains accompanied
with diarrhoea, vomiting, slight temperature and
52. The cell in the human body invaded by the human infective rhabditiform larva is associated with
immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is
1) Filariasis 2) Ascariasis
1) T-helper cell 2) Erythrocyte
3) Dracunculiasis 4) Oxyuriasis
3) B-cell 4) Macrophage
61. Which of the following statement best explains
53. Aedes mosquito is a vector of innate immunity?
1) Malaria 2) Filariasis 1) It is specific as well as non-specific type of
3) Cholera 4) Dengue. defence that is present at the time of birth
54. Identify the molecules (1) and (2) given below and 2) It is non-specific defence that is present at the
select the right option giving their source and use. time of birth
CH 3 3) It is a type of passive immunity which a foetus
N O acquires through the maternal placenta
1) 4) It is the adaptive immunity which a new born
O acquires immediately after birth
H 62. Mark the correct statement
O
a. Pathogen specific response is acquired
H immunity
O
b. Memory based response is acquired immunity
OH c. Response against only intracellular pathogen is
acquired immunity
2) d. Response against only viral pathogen is
acquired immunity
H 1) a, b, c, d 2) a, b only
3) b only 4) c only
Molecule Source Use 63. Match the causative organisms with their diseases.
1) (a) Cocaine Erythroxylum Acelerates A Haemophilus (i) Malignant
coca the transport influenza malaria
of dopamine
B Entamoeba (ii) Elephantiasis
2) Heroin Cannabis Depress ant histolytica
sativa and shows
down body C. Plasmodium (iii) Pneumonia
functions falciparum
3) (b) Atropa Produces D Wuchereria bancrofti (iv) Typhoid
Cannabinoid belladonna hallucinations E Salmonella typhi (v) Amoebiasis
4) (a) Morphine Papaver Sedative and 1) A – (i), B – (v), C – (iii), D – (ii), E – (iv)
somniferum pain killer
2) A – (iii), B – (v), C – (i), D – (ii), E – (iv)
55. People administered with preformed antibodies get 3) A – (v), B – (i), C – (iii), D – (iv), E – (ii)
1) Active immunity 2) Innate immunity 4) A – (i), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (v), E – (iv)
3) Auto immunity 4) Passive immunity 64. The primary and secondary immune response are
carried out with the help of
56. Pick up the set of bacterial diseases
1) B – lymphocyte only2) T – lymphocyte only
1) Tetanus, typhoid, tuberculosis
3) Both B and T – lymphocyte
2) Small pox, influenza, tetanus
4) Neutrophils and monocytes
3) Meningitis, measles, syphilis
4) None of the above. 65. Which of the following structure is common in all
types of antibodies?
57. Active immunity means 1) 5 chain
1) Resistance developed after disease 2) 4 heavy chains + 2 light chains
2) Increasing quantity of blood 3) Monomers made up of 2 light chains and 2
3) Resistance developed before disease heavy chains
4) Increasing rate of heart-beat 4) 4 heavy chains
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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 5 Biology Assignment
66. Choose the wrong statement regarding AIDS 1) Predators will spot a moth against a contrasting
1) AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease background
2) It is caused by a retrovirus, HIV 2) Mutation occur due to industrialisation
3) HIV selectively infects and kills B-lymphocytes 3) Dark winged moth killed white winged moths
4) Retroviruses have RNA genomes that replicate 4) All of these
via DNA intermediate
67. The symptoms like fever, chills, grey to bluish 75. Which of the following truely explains about antigens?
colour of lips and fingers, is the indication of 1) Antigen is a protein
1) Typhoid 2) Pneumonia 2) The large and complex foreign molecules
3) Common cold 4) Plague (mainly carbohydrates) that activate the
specific immunity
68. Recurrence of malarial fever caused by
Plasmodium occurs every 3) The large and complex foreign molecules
(mainly proteins) that activate the specific
1) 1 - 2 days 2) 2 - 3 days
immunity
3) 3rd or fourth day 4) 10 - 12 days
4) The smaller protein which enters in the body
69. Which of the following pathogen is related with and converted into active antigens
Malignant malaria?
76. Interferons are proteins produced by virally infected
1) Plasmodium falciparum
cells and act as cytokine barrier. It protects the non
2) Trypanosoma gambiense infected cell by
3) Trypanosoma cruzi 4) Plasmodium vivax 1) Killing virus in the infected cell
70. Sustained high fever, weakness, stomach pain, 2) Killing virus in the non-infected cell
intestinal perforation are related with 3) Preventing viral replication in killed cell
1) Cerebral malaria 2) Black fever 4) Preventing viral replication in non-infected cell
3) Typhoid 4) Black water fever
77. When immune system stop differentiating self and
71. Read the statements and choose the correct option. nonself and start producing antibodies against its
I. Secretion of interferons is a physiological own cells, it is called as
barrier of innate immunity. 1) Hypersensitivity 2) Allergy
II. T-lymphocytes are responsible for cell 3) Immunodeficiency 4) Autoimmune disorder
mediated immunity. 78. Ringworms are one of the most infectious diseases
III. Injection given against snake venom is a type in man caused by fungus belonging to genera
of active immunisation.
1) Candida 2) Aspergillus
IV. Antibodies produced during allergic reactions
3) Saccharomyces 4) Trichophyton
are of IgA type.
1) I and II alone are correct 79. Which cells of immune system causes pore
2) II and IV alone are correct formation at the surface of foreign cells?
3) I alone is correct 4) II alone is correct 1) Helper T-cell 2) Killer T-cell
72. For which of the following housefly act as 3) B Cell 4) Suppressor T cell
mechanical carriers and serve to transmit the 80. Schizogony occurs in
parasite from faeces of infected person to food and
1) RBC of human 2) Intestine of parasite
food products, with the symptom like stools with
excess mucous and blood clots? 3) Liver of human 4) Liver of parasite
1) Ascariasis 2) Blood fluke infection 81. Match column I with column II and choose the
3) Entamoeba histolytica correct answer
4) Giardia Column I Column II
73. Common cold can infect all the followings, except Spreading
A (i) Haematopoietic cell
1) Trachea 2) Nasal chamber tumour tumours
3) Bronchus 4) Lungs
B. Benign (ii) Bone, cartilage tissue
74. Before industrialisation set in, it was observed that tumour cancers
there were more white-winged moths on trees than Carcinomas
C. (iii) Malignant tumour
dark-winged figure (a), but after industrialisation
there were more dark winged moths in the same D Sarcomas (iv) Cancer of epithelial tissues
area figure (b). The explanation put forth for this E Lymphomas (v) Non-spreading tumour
observation was
(vi) Initiation of new tumour
1) A – (iii), B – (v), C – (iv), D – (ii), E – (i)
2) A – (iii), B – (v), C – (iv), D – (i), E – (ii)
3) A – (vi), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (ii), E – (i)
4) A – (vi), B – (iv), C – (iii), D – (ii), E – (i)

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 6 Biology Assignment
82. The term health does not simply mean absence of 86. The incubation period of AIDS usually lies in the
disease or physical fitness. The conditions of good range of
health includes 1) 5-10 years 2) 15-20 years
1) Complete physical health 3) 8-15 years 4) 20-25 years
2) Complete mental health
87. People who are addicted to opiates, usually suffer
3) Well social being from
4) All of these a. Sterility b. Loss of weight
83. Typhoid Mary was c. Loss of interest in work
1) Nick name of Mary Mallon 1) c only 2) b and c
2) Causative agent of typhoid 3) a and b 4) a, b and c
3) Condition of typhoid which was discovered first
88. Cancer may cause a variety of minor symptoms.
4) Both 1 & 2 The earlier a cancer is diagnosed better are the
chances of cure. Which of the following can be
84. Metastasis is
included as the early symptom of cancer?
1) When cancerous cells remain confined to their
1) Severe recurrent headache
original location
2) The movement of cancerous cells to distant 2) Persistant hoarseness of voice
sites through blood and lymph 3) Bleeding or discharge from nipple
3) Transformation of normal cells to cancerous 4) All of these
cells
89. Which of the following can’t be taken as character
4) When normal cells starve and die due to the of malignant tumour?
lack of nutrients
1) Spreads to other organ
85. A test of cancer that involves cutting of a piece of 2) Rate of growth usually rapid
suspected tissue into thin sections its staining and
3) No metastasis 4) Cancerous
examination under microscope is
1) Computed tomography 90. The non-cancerous tumours, which remain
2) Magnetic resonance imaging confined to their original location and are incapable
3) Radiography 4) Biopsy of indefinite growth are called
1) Malignant tumours 2) Neoplasm
3) Benign tumours 4) True cancer
ANSWER KEY
1. (4) 11. (1) 21. (3) 31. (2) 41. (3) 51. (2) 61. (2) 71. (4) 81. (1)

2. (3) 12. (3) 22. (3) 32. (3) 42. (3) 52. (1) 62. (2) 72. (3) 82. (4)

3. (1) 13. (3) 23. (1) 33. (3) 43. (3) 53. (4) 63. (2) 73. (4) 83. (1)

4. (4) 14. (4) 24. (2) 34. (4) 44. (1) 54. (4) 64. (3) 74. (1) 84. (2)

5. (1) 15. (2) 25. (2) 35. (1) 45. (2) 55. (4) 65. (3) 75. (3) 85. (4)

6. (2) 16. (2) 26. (4) 36. (4) 46. (2) 56. (1) 66. (3) 76. (4) 86. (1)

7. (4) 17. (2) 27. (3) 37. (2) 47. (1) 57. (1) 67. (2) 77. (4) 87. (4)

8. (2) 18. (3) 28. (2) 38. (1) 48. (2) 58. (2) 68. (3) 78. (4) 88. (4)

9. (1) 19. (1) 29. (1) 39. (1) 49. (4) 59. (4) 69. (1) 79. (2) 89. (3)

10. (1) 20. (1) 30. (3) 40. (1) 50. (4) 60. (2) 70. (3) 80. (3) 90. (3)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. Answer: (4)
Sol. The changes in gene frequency in small population
is called genetic drift. It is also called Sewall Wright
Effect. It comes under Neo-Darwinism. Darwin’s
theory of evolution includes struggle for existence,
over production and natural selection.
2. Answer: (3)
Sol. The Devonian Perioid is known as ‘the age of
fishes’. It is famous for the thousands of species of
fish that developed in Devonian sea. The Devonian
Period of Palaeozoic Era lasted from 417 million
years ago to 354 million years ago.
3. Answer: (1)
Sol. Reptiles flourished in Mesozoic era – golden period
of reptiles
4. Answer: (4)
Sol. The given diagram of marsupials of Australia
provides an example of divergent evolution.

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 7 Biology Assignment
Divergent evolution is the accumulation of 17. Answer: (2)
differences between groups which can lead to the Sol. The first appearance of archaic eutherian
formation of new specie. It is usually due to mammals was in the Cretaceous period. Earlier the
diffusion of the same species to different and egg laying mammals appeared in the Triassic
isolated environments which blocks the gene flow period followed by the marsupials in the Jurrasic
among the distinct populations allowing period. Then finally Archaic Eutherian Mammals
differentiated fixation of characteristics through appeared in the Cretaceous period.
genetic drift and natural selection. 18. Answer: (3)
5. Answer: (1) Sol. Hardy - Weinberg law is the principle of genetic
Sol. Oxygen combined with ammonia and methane to equilibrium according to which in the absence of
form water and CO2 external environmental disturbances, a randomly
CH4 + 2O2 →CO2 + 2H2O mating population remains in genetic equilibrium.
4NH3 + 3O2 → 2N2 + 6H2O Lamarck postulated the theory of inheritance of
6. Answer: (2) acquired characters. Mendelian principles
Sol. Hugo de Vries believed that mutation caused explained the inheritance of genetic characters
speciation and called it saltation. Saltation refers to from one generation to another.
single step large mutation. 19. Answer: (1)
7. Answer: (4) Sol. Genetic drift can operate only on smaller
Sol. Homology indicates common ancestors which is populations where in fluctuation can be observed in
based on divergent evolution. Thorns and tendrils the proportion of allele distribution in the presence
8. Answer: (2) of external disturbances.
Sol. The organic compounds required for the origin of life 20. Answer: (1)
were protein & nucleic acid. Different amino acids Sol. Archeopteryx is the connecting link between
were formed from different nucleic acids. Hence birds & reptiles. It shows reptilian characters like
proteins & nucleic Acids are the basic units of life. presence of teeth in jaws, fingers with claws,
9. Answer: (1) long tail with free caudal vertebrae. The avian
Sol. Devonian period belongs to Paleozoic era characters are presence of feathers, forelimbs
10. Answer: (1) modified into wings, presence of V-shaped
furcula or wish bone, limb bones & gridles like
Prop

Sol. represents stability selection birds.

11. Answer: (1)

Sol. Matching
12. Answer: (3)
Sol. According oparin’s view, Stanley miller desgined
spark discharge apparatus in which H2, NH3, CH4
and water vapour at 800oC were treated with
electric sparks and obtained amino acids
13. Answer: (3) A model of Archaeopteryx lithographica
Sol. Darwin had not taken into account variation and
heredity. Mutation in DNA leads to variation in 21. Answer: (3)
species, which is followed by inheritance of the Sol. According to natural selection of Darwin
character. overproduction, struggle for existence, survival of
14. Answer: (4) the fittest, natural selection & inheritance of
Sol. Evolution is a continuous process variations leads to Origin of Species.
15. Answer: (2) 22. Answer: (3)
Sol. Gene pool is the total gene content of all the Sol. Mutations that occur in the genes are recessive
individuals in a population. These members share and tend to be lethal. Generally, it is seen during
the same gene pool and interbreed. the process of evolution if it is not a useful
16. Answer: (2) variation, such changes are wiped away by nature.
Sol. Chemoheterotrophs were first organisms. They 23. Answer: (1)
were prokaryotic like bacteria, anaerobes as Sol. Theory of Recapituation was given by Ernest
molecular oxygen was absent. They obtained Haeckel (1866) to explain the organic evolution.
energy by fermentation of some of the organic According to this theory Ontogeny recapituates
molecules present in the broth. Phylogeny. Ontogeny is the life history of an
• Chemoautotrophs - Organisms that are capable organism i.e. the development of an adult from
to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic zygote while phylogeny is the evolutionary history
molecules. of the race of that organism.
E.g., Nitrifying bacteria, sulphate reducing bacteria 24. Answer: (2)
etc.
Sol. Analogous organs show convergent evolution.
• Autotrophs are photosynthesizing plants Analogy indicates that totally unrelated animals show
/organisms.
similar adaptations. This is convergent evolution.

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 8 Biology Assignment
25. Answer: (2) 39. Answer: (1)
Sol. In very and Miller experiment energy for the Sol. Lamarck gave the concept of inheritance of
reaction comes from electric spark acquired characters with the example of elongation
26. Answer: (4) of Giraffes neck
Sol. Reproductive fitness means those who are better fit 40. Answer: (1)
in an environment produce more progeny than Sol. Colloidal droplets containing proteins and other
others, which some more and hence selected by organic substances having a membrane dispersed
nature in hot dilute soup.Protenoid droplets aggregated
27. Answer: (3) into colloidal droplets were called as microspheres
by Sydney. W. Fox.
Sol. Matching
41. Answer: (3)
28. Answer: (2)
Sol. Charles Darwin made observations on organisms
Sol. Darwin’s finches provide an excellent evidence of during a sea voyage in H.M.S Beagle ship
evolution. It is the evidence from geographical 42. Answer: (3)
distribution of animals or biogeography. Darwin Sol. Malthus worked on population
studied the finches of Galapago islands of South 43. Answer: (3)
America. He found 20-22 varieties of finches and
Sol. Random mating does not disturb Hordy–Weinberg
the differences were due to different climatic
equilibrium
conditions.
44. Answer: (1)
29. Answer: (1) Sol. Hot dilute soup is the ocean water rich in organic
Antigen binding site
compounds. This was described as such by J.B.S–
Haldane
Variable region 45. Answer: (2)
Light Sol. The skull of baby chimpanzee is more like Adult
Sol. polypeptide chain
human like.
Constant region 46. Answer: (2)
Sol. A.R. Wallace
Heavy 47. Answer: (1)
Disulfide bond. polypeptide chain
Sol. Weismann
48. Answer: (2)
A-Antigen binding site; B-Variable region Sol. Pleistocene
(of L-Chain); C - Constant region (of L-Chain); D - 49. Answer: (4)
Light polypeptide chain (L-Chain); E-Heavy Sol. Rapid multiplication of leucocytes leads to
polypeptide chain (H-Chain); F - Disulfide bond. leukaeumia
30. Answer: (3) 50. Answer: (4)
Sol. Key concepts of Darwin’s theory of evolution are Sol. Rhinitis is the inflammation of nose due to allergy
branching descent and natural selection 51. Answer: (2)
31. Answer: (2) Sol. Antibodies are made up of proteins called
Sol. Lamarck gave the concept of inheritance of immunoglobulins
acquired characters with the example of elongation 52. Answer: (1)
of Giraffes neck Sol. AIDS is characterized by reduction in the number
32. Answer: (3) of helper T- lymphocytes because of HIV
Sol. Population is the basic unit of evolution infection. It suppresses human immune system
33. Answer: (3) due to which any secondary infection may lead to
Sol. It is the random changes in gene frequency in a death. T-lymphocytes are main cells of immune
small population, purely by chance. system.
34. Answer: (4) 53. Answer: (4)
Sol. Genetic recombination leads to variation results in Sol. Aedes mosquito is the vector of dengue. It
changed frequency of genes and alleles in future transmits dengue virus and causes dengue fever.
generation. Dengue is also called break bone fever. The vector
35. Answer: (1) of malaria is female Anopheles mosquito, filariasis
Sol. About 2000 years ago the first cellular form of lfe is caused by Culex mosquito.
came into existence 54. Answer: (4)
36. Answer: (4) Sol. Molecule (1) represents structure of morphine.
Sol. Order of evolution of man in descending order is Morphine is the most abundant alkaloid found in
Neanderthal man > homo erectus > homo habilis > opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly
drypoithecus slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or
37. Answer: (2) common and/or edible, poppy Papaver
somniferum. Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic
Sol. Antibodies are produced against toxins which are
drug that is used to relieve severe pain.
given to patient
55. Answer: (4)
38. Answer: (1)
Sol. Passive immunity is a type of acquired immunity in
Sol. Due to absence of fibronectin they lack contact
which there is transfer of immune products, like
inhibition
antibodies, etc., to a recipient in a readymade form.

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore
In natural passive immunity, the resistance is
passively transferred from the mother to the foetus
through placenta or through the breast milk, e.g.,
immunoglobulins transfer.
56. Answer: (1)
Sol. Tetans – Clostridium tetany
Typhoid – Sarmonella typhi
Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
These pathogens are all bacteria.
57. Answer: (1)
Sol. Immunity is described as an ‘active immunity’ when
an organism’s own body manufactures its own
antibodies. It may be natural (developing when
organism is exposed to an infectious agent) or
artificial (achieved by injecting small amount of
antigen called vaccine into the body of the
individual).
58. Answer: (2)
Sol. Alcoholism is a chronic, often progressive disease
in which a person craves alcohol and drinks despite
repeated alcohol related problems. It involves a
physical dependence on alcohol. It may lead to
liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is build up of scar tissue
that changes the structure of the liver and blocks
blood flow.
Cirrhosis can cause varicose veins, which can
rupture and potentially triggering internal
bleeding.
59. Answer: (4)
Sol. Even IgD is also 1% in occurrence. IgE is
associated with allergies and even in helminth
injections. IgD is present in intestinal fluids.
60. Answer: (2)
Sol. Caused by endoparasite Ascaris Lumbricoides
61. Answer: (2)
Sol. Innate immunity is non–specific and is present by
birth. The physical, physiological and chemical
barriers are part of innate immunity
62. Answer: (2)
Sol. Acquired immunity is a specific immunity that works
against varied foreign particles and on both intra
and extra cellular pathogens
63. Answer: (2)
Sol. Haemophilus influenzae – Pneumonia
Entamoeba histolytica – Amoebiasis
Plasmodium falciparum – Malignant malaria
Wuchereria bancrofti – Elephantiasis
Salmonella typhi – Typhoid or enteric
fever
64. Answer: (3)
Sol. Both B and T cells have memory based successive
in response
65. Answer: (3)
Sol. H2L2
66. Answer: (3)
Sol. HIV is a retrovirus and kills T-helper cells.
67. Answer: (2)
Sol. Due to lack of O2 in blood bluish colour is seen in
lips and fingers
68. Answer: (3)
Sol. The rupture of RBCs is associated with release of a
toxic substance called Haemozoin, which is
responsible for the chill and high fener recurring
every 3–4 days
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9 Biology Assignment
69. Answer: (1)
Sol. Plasmodium falciparum causes anaemia, tiredness,
unconsciousness convulsions, kidney failure,
pulmonary edema and even coma.
70. Answer: (3)
Sol. The given symptoms are of typhoid
71. Answer: (4)
Sol. Only statement (II) is correct. Secretion of
interferons is a cytokine barriers of innate immunity
which protect non-infected cells from further viral
infection. Injection given against snake venom is a
type of passive immunisation. Antibodies produced
during allergic reactions are of IgE type.
72. Answer: (3)
Sol. Musca domestica (housefly) acts as mechanical
carrier which swarms upon diseased faecal matter
and swarms upon exposed food which is eaten and
disease spreads.
73. Answer: (4)
Sol. Common cold does not affect lungs
74. Answer: (1)
Sol. The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is an
example of natural selection. Before
industrialisation, there were more white-winged
moths on trees than dark-winged moths, but after
industrialisation, there were more dark-winged
moths in the same area. This is called industrial
melanism, an adaptation where the moths living in
the industrial areas developed melanin pigment to
match their body to the tree trunks.
75. Answer: (3)
Sol. Antigen is any foreign molecule that can activate
the immune response in body
76. Answer: (4)
Sol. Block the enzymatic machinery needed for viral
replication
77. Answer: (4)
Sol. When immune system stop differentiating self and
nonself and start producing antibodies against its
own cells, it is called as autoimmune disorder
Eg: Myasthemia Gravis
78. Answer: (4)
Sol. Trichophyton causes fungal skin infections like
ringworm
79. Answer: (2)
Sol. Killer T–cells bore pores on foreign cells so that
ECF enters the cell and thus the cell bursts off
80. Answer: (3)
Sol. Schizogony (cell division) of plasmodium occurs in
liver cells of infected human
81. Answer: (1)
Sol.
Spreading – Malignant tumour
tumour
Benign tumour – Non-spreading tumour
Carcinomas – Cancer of epithelial tissue
Sarcomas – Bone, cartilage tissue
cancer
Lymphomas – Haematopoietic cell
tumours
82. Answer: (4)
Sol. The term health does not simply mean absence of
disease or physical fitness. The conditions of good
EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 10 Biology Assignment
health includes Complete physical health, Sol. Upto 6 months positive result also is not noticed
Complete mental health and Well social being 87. Answer: (4)
83. Answer: (1) Sol. People who are addicted to opiates, usually suffer
Sol. Typhoid Mary was Nick name of Mary Mallon. She from Sterility, Loss of weight, Loss of interest on
is the carrier of typhoid pathogen who has spread work
the disease to many people 88. Answer: (4)
84. Answer: (2) Sol. The given symptoms of breast cancer
Sol. Metastasis is the movement of cancerous cells to 89. Answer: (3)
distant sites through blood and lymph. Malignant Sol. Malignant tumours undergo metastosis
tumours undergo metastosis 90. Answer: (3)
85. Answer: (4) Sol. Benign tumours are not lethal and they do not even
Sol. Biopsy is cutting a piece of tissue for show metoslosis
histopathalogical studies Eg: warts on skin
86. Answer: (1)

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