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BIOLOGY – Assignment
Chapter : Environmental Issues
1. In the environment ozone is known for its 10. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of
1) Harmful effects 2) Useful effects 1) Industrial wastes poured into water bodies
3) Both 1 and 2 4) Inert nature 2) Extent to which water is polluted with organic
compound
2. Specific elements encouraging growth of aquatic
3) Amount of carbon monoxide inseparably
organisms during eutrophication are
combined with haemoglobin
1) Mn, Mg 2) N, P
4) Amount of oxygen needed by green plants
3) Ca, N 4) P, Mg during night
3. Ecosan refers to
11. The Montreal Protocol refers to
1) Dry composting toilets
1) Persistent organic pollutants
2) Waste water treatment
2) Global warming and climate change
3) Sewage treatment
3) Substances that deplete the ozone layer
4) e-waste disposal
4) Biosafety of genetically modified organisms
4. All waste that we generate can be
1) Biodegradable 2) Non-biodegradable 12. Find odd one out w.r.t. photochemical smog
3) Recyclable 4) All of these 1) PAN 2) O3
3) NOx 4) H2S
5. Find a correct match
1) Catalytic converter – Particulate matter 13. Match the following
2) Ear muffs – High noise level Set – I Set – II
3) Landfills – CO2, NOx A Chernobyl I Stored in shielded
4) ESP – Solid waste (Russia) containers and buried
deep in the soil
6. CNG is better than petrol/ diesel, since
1) CNG burns most efficiently B Nuclear wastes II A water body receives
2) CNG is cheaper various toxic
substances
3) CNG cannot be adulterated
4) All of these C Sanitary III Dump of electronic
landfills wastes
7. Photochemical smog formed in congested
metropolitan cities mainly consists of D Stinking dump iv Open – burning dumps
1) Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and NOX
2) Smoke, peroxyacetyl nitrate and SO2 v Accidental leakages of
3) Hydrocarbons, SO2 and CO2 radioactive wastages
4) Hydrocarbon, ozone and SOX
The correct is
8. Appropriate measures to reduce overall 1) A → V, B → I, C → IV, D → II
greenhouse gas emissions are the commitments of 2) A → IV, B → III, C → V, D → III
the 3) A → V, B → I, C → IV, D → III
1) Montreal Protocol 4) A → IV, B → I, C → V, D → II
2) Environment Act
3) Kyoto Protocol 14. Which important green house gas, other than
carbon dioxide, is being produced from the
4) Earth Summit
agricultural fields?
9. Ozone layer is mainly effected by
1) Arsine
1) CO2
2) Sulphur dioxide
2) CFCs
3) Ammonia 4) Nitrous oxide
3) SO2 4) H2S

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 2 Biology Assignment
15. Ozone depletion in stratosphere would result in 23. Increase in concentration of a toxicant at
1) Forest fire successive trophic level is called
2) Global warming 1) Eutrophication
3) Skin cancer incidence 2) Accelerated eutrophication
4) None of these 3) Biomagnifications
4) Cultural eutrophication
16. Presence of large amount of nutrients in water also 24. Calcium metabolism in birds gets disturbed due to
cause excess growth of planktonic (free-floating) the effect of
algae, called
1) Mercury 2) Cadmium
1) Biomagnification 2) Eutrophication
3) DDT 4) Lead
3) Algal bloom 4) Biofortification
25. Consider the following statements with respect to
17. Bio-indicators are used for pollution.
1) Oxygen demand 2) Air pollution A. To control air pollution problems, by the end of
3) Mineral present 4) All of these 2002 all the buses of Delhi were converted to
run on unleaded petrol.
18. Which one of the following is the most efficient B. Electrostatic precipitator can remove over 99%
device to eliminate particulate matters from the particulated matter present in the exhaust from
industrial emissions? a thermal power plant.
1) Cyclonic separators C. It is possible to estimate the amount of organic
2) Trajectory separators matter in sewage water by measuring BOD.
3) Pyrolysis Of the above statements
4) Electrostatic precipitator 1) A alone is correct 2) B alone is correct
3) C alone is correct 4) B and C are correct
19. Which of the following are true?
26. The diagram below shows the effect of polluting
(A) Benzene hexachloride is a non- biodegradable a river with untreated whey. What does graph X
pollutant.
represent?
(B) Anthropogenic air pollutants are natural in
direction of
origin. river flow
(C) Carbon monoxide is a primary air pollutant.
oxygen
(D) Sulphur dioxide causes brown air effect during increasing concentration
concentration
traffic congestion in cities. or number
1) (A) and (C) only 2) (A) and (B) only graph x
3) (B) and (C) only 4) (B) and (D) only increasing distance downstream
whey added to
20. Match the following and choose the correct river water here
combination from the options given below
Column I Column II 1) Bacterial count
(Green house gases) (Concentration in 2) Number of fish 3) Mass of curds
2000 AD) 4) Concentration of rennet
A CO2 (i) 282 ppt 27. Which of the following strategies is not a correct
approach to reduce the global warming?
B CH4 (ii) 316 ppb
1) Cutting down use of fossil fuel.
C N2O (iii) 368 ppm
2) Improving efficiency of energy usage.
D CFC + HFC (iv) 1750 ppb 3) Reducing deforestation.
1) A – (iii), B – (iv), C – (ii), D – (i) 4) Cutting trees and increasing the growth of
2) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i) human population.
3) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (i) 28. Find the correct order of biomagnification of DDT
4) A – (i), B – (iv), C – (ii), D – (iii) in an aquatic food chain.
21. One greenhouse gas contributes 14% to total 1) Water (0.003 ppm), zooplankton (0.5 ppm),
global warming and another contributes 6%. These small fish (0.04 ppm), large fish (2 ppm), fish
are respectively identified as eating birds (25 ppm).
1) N2O and CO2 2) Water (0.003 ppm), zooplankton (0.04 ppm),
2) CFCs and N2O small fish (0.5 ppm), large fish (2 ppm), fish
3) Methane and CO2 4) Methane and CFCs eating birds (25 ppm).
22. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
3) Water (0.003 ppm), fish eating birds (25
ppm), zooplankton (0.5 ppm), small fish
1) Fossil fuel burning - release of CO2
(0.04 ppm), large fish (25 ppm).
2) Nuclear power - radioactive wastes
4) Water (0.003 ppm), small fish (0.04 ppm),
3) Solar energy - green house effect zooplankton (0.5 ppm), large fish (2 ppm),
4) Biomass burning - release of CO2 fish eating birds (25 ppm).

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 3 Biology Assignment
29. Match column-I with column-II and select the 38. Which of the following causes biomagnification?
correct option. 1) SO2 2) Mercury
Column I Column II 3) DDT 4) Both 2 & 3
A Catalytic (i) Particulate matter 39. Which of the following is not an air pollutant?
converter
1) CFC 2) Carbon monoxide
B Electrostatic (ii) Carbon monoxide 3) Methane 4) Oxygen
precipitator and
precipitator nitrogen 40. Sewage water can be purified for recycling with the
oxides action of
C Earmuffs (iii) High noise level 1) Aquatic plants 2) Penicillin
D Land fills (iv) Solid wastes 3) Micro-organisms 4) Fishes

1) A – (i), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (iv) 41. The given diagram shows electrostatic precipitator.
2) A – (ii), B – (i), C – (iii), D – (iv) Identify A, B and C.
3) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i)
4) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (iv), D – (i)
30. Ultraviolet radiations from sunlight causes a
reaction that produces
1) Fluorides 2) Carbon monoxide
3) Sulphur dioxide 4) Ozone

31. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

1) Noise pollution does not leave any residue in 1) A - Discharge corona, B - Negatively charged
the environment. wire, C - Collection plate grounded
2) Noise pollution creates nervous disorders. 2) A - Discharge corona, B - Positively charged
3) Plants are efficient absorbers of noise of low wire, C - Collection plate grounded
frequency. 3) A - Discharge corona, B - Negatively charged
4) Loss of hearing is a common disorder wire, C - Collection plate burnt
4) A - Uncharge corona, B - Positively charged
32. Green house gases include wire, C - Collection plate never grounded
1) CO2, CFC, CH4 & NO2
2) CO2, O2, N2, NO2 & NH3 42. Green house effect refers to
3) CH4, N2, CO2 & NH3 1) Cooling of earth
4) CFC, CO2, NH3 & N2 2) Trapping of UV rays
3) Production of cereals
33. Which gas of the atmosphere holds up ultraviolet 4) Warming of earth
rays?
1) O2 2) O3 3) N2 4) CH4 43. Deforestation will decrease
34. Most harmful environmental pollutants are 1) Soil erosion 2) Land slides
1) Biodegradable compounds 3) Soil fertility 4) Rainfall
2) Corrosive agents 44. The major contributor of Greenhouse gases to the
3) Non biodegradable chemicals atmosphere is
4) All of the above 1) Russia 2) USA
35. Drawback of DDT as pesticide is 3) Germany 4) Brazil
1) It becomes ineffective after sometime 45. “Chipko revolution” is related with
2) It is less effective than others 1) Soil conservation
3) It is not easily/rapidly degraded in nature 2) Forest conservation
4) Its high cost 3) Water conservation
36. “Good ozone’’ is found in the 4) Gene conservation
1) Mesosphere 2) Troposphere 46. Acid rains is due to atmospheric pollution of
3) Stratosphere 4) Ionosphere 1) Sulphuric acid 2) Ammonia
37. Which constituent of the atmosphere is likely to 3) Carbondioxide 4) Water vapours
change if the forest cover is removed? 47. Minamata disease is caused due to presence of
1) O2 level is increased ............ in water.
2) CO2 level is increased 1) Cadmium
3) O2 level is significantly increases 2) Lead
4) CO2 level is significantly decreased 3) Arsenic 4) Mercury

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 4 Biology Assignment
48. The thickness of ozone in a column of air from the 56. Noise was included as an air pollutant in
ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in 1) Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act,
terms of 1981
1) Decibel units 2) Pascal units 2) Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act,
3) Svedberg units 4) Dobson units 1987
3) Environment (Protection) Act, 1992
49. Which of the following is most harmful pollutant?
4) World Summit, 2002
1) NO2 2) CO2
3) SO2 4) CO 57. Mark the correct statement(s) (w.r.t. consequences
of deforestation)
50. It has been recommended that storage of nuclear
waste after sufficient pre-treatment, should be done a. Loss of biodiversity
in suitably shielded containers buried within the b. Enhanced CO2 concentration in the
rocks about atmosphere
c. Disturbs hydrologic cycle
1) 50 m deep below the earth’s surface
d. Prevents soil erosion
2) 100 m deep below the ocean bed
1) b only 2) a, b & c
3) 75 m deep below the earth’s surface
3) a, c & d 4) a & d
4) 500 m deep below the earth’s surface
58. _____________is said to be the world’s most
51. The expensive metals used as catalytic converters
problematic aquatic weed.
in automobiles are
1) Eichhornia crassipes
1) Cadmium and Rhodium
2) Lantana camara
2) Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium
3) Prosopis chilensis
3) Lead and Cadmium
4) Parthenium hysterophorus
4) Copper and Cadmium
59. Which of the given set refers to non-biodegradable
52. Which of these is not an advantage of CNG over pollutants?
diesel?
1) DDT, domestic sewage
1) Burns more efficiently
2) Hg, plant waste
2) It is cheap
3) Hg, DDT
3) Cannot be siphoned off by thieves
4) DDT, Hg and CH4
4) Easy to lay down pipelines for delivery
60. Most harmed organisms after DDT pollution in an
53. Euro II stringent norms for reducing sulphur and aquatic food chain are
aromatic content in petrol and diesel are equal to
1) Large fishes
1) Sulphur = 350 ppm in diesel and 150 ppm in 2) Fish eating birds
petrol
3) Phytoplanktons
2) Sulphur = 300 ppm in diesel and 150 ppm in 4) Small fishes
petrol
3) Sulphur = 350 ppm in diesel and 100 ppm in 61. Cultural eutrophication is concerned with
petrol 1) Anthropogenic action
4) Sulphur = 350 ppm in diesel and 125 ppm in 2) Accelerated rate of ageing process
petrol 3) Nutrient enrichment of water bodies
4) All the above
54. There are several ways of removing particulate
matter, the most widely used of which is the 62. Greenhouse gas having maximum relative
percentage contribution is_____.
1) ESP
1) N2O 2) CFC
2) STP
3) CH4 4) CO2
3) Cyclone collector
4) Scrubber 63. Hospital waste is disposed off using
1) Open burning
55. Which of the following statement is correct?
2) Gravity settling tanks
1) A scrubber can remove over 99% of particulate
matter 3) Incinerators
2) According to CPCB, particulate size 4) Cyclonic separators
2.5 micrometers or less are responsible for 64. Organic farming is related to all, except
causing greatest harm to human health
1) Cyclical, zero waste procedure
3) Motor vehicles should use lead with petrol, if
2) Minimum use of bio-fertilizers
fitted with catalytic convertors
3) Maximum utilisation of resources
4) Lead free petrol or diesel can increase the air
pollution 4) Use of compost created by crop waste

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 5 Biology Assignment
65. Select an incorrect statement w.r.t. radioactive 75. What is the relative contribution of CFCs to global
waste warming?
1) Accidental leakage and their safe disposal are 1) 6% 2) 14%
two inherent problems 3) 20% 4) 60%
2) At lower doses it may induce cancers 76. Integrated organic farming
3) These are buried 500 m deep below the earth 1) Is non-cyclic process
surface in plastic containers without any 2) Increases crop production with minimum
pretreatment recycling of resources
4) Nuclear waste is an extremely potent pollutant 3) Zero waste procedure
and has to be dealt with utmost caution
4) Depends mainly on chemical fertilizers
66. Find a correct match for relative contribution and
77. In the absence of greenhouse effect, the average
the green house gas
temperature of earths surface would have been
1) CO2 – 6%
1) 15°C 2) –18°C
2) N2O – 14%
3) – 5°C 4) 20°C
3) CH4 – 20%
4) CFC – 60% 78. Match the items of column I with column II and
select the correct option.
67. Odd climatic changes like ‘El-Nino’ results mainly
Column I Column II
due to
1) Ozone depletion 2) Global warming A Electrostatic (i) Removes gases like
3) Eutrophication 4) Bio-magnification precipitator SO2
B Scrubber (ii) Reduces automobile
68. Permanent impairing of hearing ability can be emission
caused due to brief exposure to extremely high
sound level of C Catalytic converter (iii) Removes particulate
matter
1) 75 dB 2) 150 dB
3) 90 dB 4) 70 dB 1) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (i)
69. A mere ____ percent of impurities makes domestic 2) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (i)
waste unfit for human use. 3) A – (i), B – (ii), C – (iii)
1) 0.01 2) < 0.01 4) A – (iii), B – (i), C – (ii)
3) 0.1 4) 0.001
79. National forest policy of India has recommended
70. BOD will be higher for _____ forest cover for plains and _____ for hills.
1) A lake under eutrophication 1) 67%, 33%
2) A freshly filled pond 2) 33%, 67%
3) A freshly filled lake 3) 33%, 33% 4) 67%, 67%
4) A non polluted stream 80. To work closely with the local communities for
71. Waste water treatment initiated by FOAM involves protecting and managing the forests was
introduced through
1) Sedimentation, filteration
1) Jhum cultivation
2) Biological treatment and chemical analysis
2) Joint forest management
3) Microbial treatment, chlorination
3) Slash and burn agriculture
4) All of the above
4) Organic farming
72. E-wastes are 81. High dose of UV-B causes
1) Buried in landfills or incinerated 1) DNA mutations
2) Recycled in developing countries 2) Skin cancer, cataract
3) Processed to recover metals 3) Snow blindness
4) All of the above 4) All of these
73. An ideal solution to the ever-increasing problem of 82. Catalytic converters has
accumulating plastic waste was found to be to 1) Platinum - rhodium - palladium
1) Prepare land fills 2) Platinum - magnesium - rhodium
2) Lay down roads 3) Magnesium - rhodium - palladium
3) Recycle them 4) Rhodium - uranium - platinum
4) Incinerate them
74. Chernobyl tragedy is associated with 83. Secondary air pollutants are
1) Air pollution 1) Unaltered forms of pollutants
2) Water pollution 2) Not toxic
3) Radioactive pollution 3) Less harmful
4) Noise pollution 4) Formed through photochemical reactions

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 6 Biology Assignment
84. Black foot disease is mainly caused by
88. Brown air and grey air is due to oxides of
1) Excess Nitrate 2) Arsenic
1) Sulphur
3) Excess fluorides 4) Cadmium
2) Nitrogen
85. The gaseous pollutant which contributes maximum 3) Carbon
in air pollution is 4) Phosphorus
1) SO2 2) Hydrocarbon
3) CO 4) NO2 89. Mark the odd one out w.r.t. anthropogenic pollution
1) Particulate matter by volcanoes
86. In a coal power plant, electrostatic precipitators are 2) Thermal power plant
installed to control emission of 3) Flour mill dust
1) SO2 2) NOx 4) Pesticides
3) SPM 4) CO
90. Most hazardous metal pollutant of automobile
87. The green scum seen in the fresh water bodies is exhaust is
1) Blue green algae 2) Red algae 1) Mercury 2) Copper
3) Green algae 4) Both 1 and 2 3) Cadmium 4) Lead
ANSWER KEY
1. (3) 11. (3) 21. (2) 31. (4) 41. (1) 51. (2) 61. (4) 71. (4) 81. (4)

2. (2) 12. (4) 22. (3) 32. (1) 42. (4) 52. (4) 62. (4) 72. (4) 82. (1)

3. (1) 13. (3) 23. (3) 33. (2) 43. (4) 53. (1) 63. (3) 73. (2) 83. (4)

4. (4) 14. (4) 24. (3) 34. (3) 44. (2) 54. (1) 64. (2) 74. (3) 84. (2)

5. (2) 15. (3) 25. (4) 35. (3) 45. (2) 55. (2) 65. (3) 75. (2) 85. (3)

6. (4) 16. (3) 26. (1) 36. (3) 46. (1) 56. (2) 66. (3) 76. (3) 86. (3)

7. (1) 17. (4) 27. (4) 37. (2) 47. (4) 57. (2) 67. (2) 77. (2) 87. (3)

8. (3) 18. (4) 28. (2) 38. (4) 48. (4) 58. (1) 68. (2) 78. (4) 88. (2)

9. (2) 19. (1) 29. (2) 39. (4) 49. (3) 59. (3) 69. (3) 79. (2) 89. (1)

10. (2) 20. (1) 30. (4) 40. (3) 50. (4) 60. (2) 70. (1) 80. (2) 90. (4)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. Answer: (3)
Sol. In the environment ozone is known for its both
harmful and useful effects. 5.
Ozone present in stratosphere is useful as it act Sol.
like shield and protect the earth from harmful UV-
rays. Ozone present in troposphere act as pollutant
and have many deleterious effects.
2. Answer: (2)
Sol. Nitrates and phosphates acts as plant nutrients,
they over stimulate the growth of algae, causing
unsightly scum and unpleasant odours and
decreases dissolved O2 in water causing BOD. 6.
3. Answer: (1) Sol.
Sol. Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for
handling human excreta, using dry composting
toilets. This is a practical, hygienic, efficient and 7.
cost effective solution to human waste disposal Sol.
with this composting method, human excreta can
be recycled into a resource as natural fertiliser.
4. Answer: (4)
Sol. Biodegradable wastes can undergo decomposition
and can be managed
Non– biodegradable wastes are plastics which are 8.
not decomposed. Sol.
Recyclable wastes can be recycled by certain
techniques.
Answer: (2)
Catalytic converters having expensive metals like
platinum–palladium and rhodium are used as
catalysts are filled in the automobiles for reducing
emission of poisonous gases.
Landfills is the management of solid wastes by
dumping it into trench or depression into which
wastes are filled.
ESP are used to trap particulate matter.
Answer: (4)
CNG is better than petrol or diesel because CNG
burns most efficiently, cheaper, cannot be
adulterated
Answer: (1)
Photochemical smog formed in congested
metropolitan cities mainly consists of ozone, NOX
(Nitrogen oxides), Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN).
Photochemical smog is grey yellowish brown and
opaque formed in oxidizing atmosphere. It is light
induced smog
Answer: (3)
International conference held in Kyoto (Least
polluted city of world), Japan concerning with

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EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore
migration of climate changes caused by green
house gases obtained commitments from different
countries for reducing overall greenhouse emission
9. Answer: (2)
Sol. Chlorofluorocarbons are reacted by uv– says
releasing chloride atoms which degrades ozone.
10. Answer: (2)
Sol. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of
polluting organic matter present in a sample of
water. BOD is higher in polluted sewage water and
is connected with both microbes and organic
matters. When larger amount of sewage is dumped
into water, the BOD will increase.
11. Answer: (3)
Sol. Montreal protocol was signed at Montreal (Canada)
in 1987, effective in 1989, to control the emission of
ozone-depleting substances.
12. Answer: (4)
Sol. It is produced when hydrocarbons are oxides of
nitrogen are expressed to UV–rays of sunlight
UV  rays
NO x  Hydrocarbons   Peroxyactely nitarte and O 3 
(Photochemical smog)
Photo chemical smog is called brown air when
solar radiation is intense
In seasons where solar radiation is less, smog
formation is incomplete and the air is called grey
air.
13. Answer: (3)
Sol. ‘Chernobyl’ and ‘Three Mile Island’ accidental
leakage occurred. Nuclear wastes to be stored in
shielded containers, buried within rocks, about
500m deep below earth surface. Sanitary land fills
are dumped and covered with dirt and these are
substitutes to ‘open dumps’
14. Answer: (4)
Sol. In addition to carbon dioxide some other gases also
contribute to green-house effect. These include
ozone, methane and nitrous oxide.
15. Answer: (3)
Sol. Ozone depletion in stratosphere lets more UV
radiations reach the earth which causes ageing of
skin and damages the skin cells causing various
types of skin cancers (e.g.) melanoma).
16. Answer: (3)
Sol. Presence of large amount of nutrients in water
cause excess growth of planktonic (free floating)
algae, called algal bloom. This imparts distinct
colour to water bodies and deterioration of water
quality and fish mortaliy. Some bloom forming
algae are extremely toxic to human beings and
animals
17. Answer: (4)
Sol. Bioindicators are organisms, such as lichens, birds
and bacteria are used to monitor the health of the
environment. Microbial indicators like E.coli are
used for testing water. Some tolerant species like
annelid worm, Tubifex and insect larvae
(chironomous – larvae) may survive in highly
polluted and low D. O Water, such species are
known as “Indicator species” for polluted water.
Lichens are indicators for air pollution. Olive plant is
used as bio–indicator for minerals present in
different areas
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7 Biology Assignment
18. Answer: (4)
Sol. Electrostatic precipitators are the devices to
remove smaller particles from emissions. These
devices are very efficient. Here small particles
present in dirty air are first charged electrically and
then allowed to settle down over differently charged
scrubbers. They are of two types-dry and wet
scrubbers which are commonly used to remove
gaseous pollutants.
19. Answer: (1)
Sol. Anthropogenic air pollutants are man made in
origin. Nitrogen oxides produce brown air effect
traffic congestion.
20. Answer: (1)
Sol. CO2 – 368 ppm
CH4 – 1750 ppb
N2O – 316 ppb
CFC + HFC – 282 ppt
21. Answer: (2)
Sol. The various green house gases are CO2 (60%),
CH4 (20%) CFCs (14%) and N2O (6%). Others of
minor significance are water vapours and ozone.
22. Answer: (3)
Sol. Solar energy coming to the earth is not responsible
for green house effect. It is the increase in green
house gases in atmosphere like CO2 which is
released by complete combustion of fossil fuels or
biomass in industries or transportation vehicles that
prevent the spelling radiation of infrared radiation
from the earth and result in increase in temperature
of the earth.
23. Answer: (3)
Sol. Accumulation of non-biodegradable substance in
food chain and its increase in concentration at each
trophic level is known as biomagnification.
24. Answer: (3)
Sol. Due to the high concentration of DDT disturbs
calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning
of egg shell and their premature breaking, decline
in birds population.
25. Answer: (4)
Sol. To control air pollution problems, by the end of
2002 all the buses of Delhi were converted to run
on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) instead of
using diesel and petrol.
26. Answer: (1)
Sol. In the given diagram of the effect of polluting river
with untreated whey, the graph marked as "X"
represent the bacteria count.
27. Answer: (4)
Sol. To deal with global warming increasing vegetation
cover/forests for photosynthetic utilization of CO2
and checking population growth is necessary.
28. Answer: (2)
Sol. Biomagnification involves gradual increase in
concentration of chemical like pesticides, e.g., DDT
towards higher trophic levels in a food chain. In the
given question the food chain is:
Water → Zooplankton → Small fish → Large fish →
Fish eating birds
29. Answer: (2)
Sol. A : Catalytic converter is a device incorporated in
the exhaust system of a motor vehicle,
containing a catalyst for converting pollutant
EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore
gases into less harmful ones. As the exhaust
passes through the converter, unburnt
hydrocarbons are converted into carbon
dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and
nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and
nitrogen gas respectively.
B : Electrostatic precipitator is a device that
removes suspended dust particles from a gas
or exhaust by applying a high-voltage
electrostatic charge and collecting the particles
on charged plates.
C : Earmuffs is a pair of soft fabric coverings,
connected by a band across the top of the
head, that are worn over the ears to protect
them from cold or high noise level.
D : Land - fills is a site for the disposal of solid
waste in which refuse is buried between layers
of dirt so as to fill in or reclaim low-lying
ground.
30. Answer: (4)
Sol. Ozone is constantly formed by the action of
sunlight on oxygen molecules. Some of the O2
molecules absorb energy from the suns UV–rays
and split to form single oxygen atoms. These atoms
combine with remaining o2 molecules to form
ozone molecules (O3).
31. Answer: (4)
Sol. Unlike other pollution, noise pollution is such that it
does not show its presence by leaving any kind of
residue in the environment. Yet it badly affects the
human health, as apart from hampering the hearing
ability, it also causes nervous disorders in man.
Green plantation along the noisy roads is the
technique (green mufflers) to counteract the noise
pollution because plants may absorb noise of low
frequency.
32. Answer: (1)
Sol. The various green house gases are CO2 (60%),
CH4 (20%) CFCs (14%) and N2O (6%). Others of
minor significance are water vapours and ozone
33. Answer: (2)
Sol. O3 (Ozone) found in upper part of the atmosphere,
is stratosphere is good ozone since, it acts as a
shield for absorbing UV–radiations form sun. It
products the living organisms from harmful UV rays
34. Answer: (3)
Sol. Non–biodegradable wastes are plastic and
polybags which cannot be degradable in the soil.
To check the pollution use of polybags can be
banned or replaced by ecofriendly cloth bags, jute
bags etc.
35. Answer: (3)
Sol. Persistent pesticides like DDT and heavy metals
like Hg are accumulated in tissue in increasing
concentration along the food chain is called
Biomagnification. High concentration of DDT in fish
eating birds causes disturbance in calcium
metabolism, thinning of egg shell, premature
hatching of chickens and finally it declines birds
population.
36. Answer: (3)
Sol. In the environment ozone is known for its both
harmful and useful effects.
Ozone present in stratosphere is useful as it act
like shield and protect the earth from harmful UV-
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8 Biology Assignment
rays. Ozone present in troposphere act as pollutant
and have many deleterious effects
37. Answer: (2)
Sol. Due to deforestation or habitat loss and
fragmentation CO2, a green house gas is increased
in the atmosphere leading to drastic environmental
changes [Ex: EI Nino effect]. Increased melting of
polar ice caps and snow caps of Himalayas, floods,
the rise of sea level which may submerge may
coastal areas occurs
38. Answer: (4)
Sol. Heavy metals are the elements that have density
75 g/cm3 like Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic,
iron, copper and chromium etc are highly causes
itai itai toxic, mercury (hg) poisoning causes
‘Minamata disease’ cadmium (cd) causesItai – Itai
disease Arsenic causes ‘Black foot disease’, and
DDT causes disturbance in fish eating birds like
thinning of egg shells, premature hatching of
chickens and declines bird population
39. Answer: (4)
Sol. Oxygen is not an air pollutant (CFC) chlorofluoro
carbons 14% are major ozone depleting
substances CFC’s release chloride atoms by UV –
rays action and forms holes in ozone layer.
Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, metallurgical
operation and other sources like cigarette and
automobiles around 50% releases CO into the
atmosphere. It forms carboxyhaemoglobin in blood
that reduces O2 carrying capacity of blood. SO2 is
released by smelting of metallic ores containing
sulphur, paper making, refining of petroleum, coal
industries, burning of petroleum etc. It combines
with H2O to cause acid rain
40. Answer: (3)
Sol. Sewage water can be purified for recycling with
action of microbes like algae, bacteria and fungi
such organisms neutralized, absorbed, assimilated
the toxic pollutants and purifies water
41. Answer: (1)
Sol. Electrostatic precipitator is a device that removes
suspended dust particles from a gas or exhaust by
applying a high-voltage electrostatic charge and
collecting the particles on charged plates. In the
given diagram of electrostatic precipitator, the parts
marked as A, B and C are respectively discharge
corona, negatively charged ions, and collection
plate grounded.
42. Answer: (4)
Sol. Rise in temperature leading to drastic
environmental or climatic changes (E.g. El Nino
effect). Green house gases has lead to the
considerable heating of earth surface leading to
Global warming
43. Answer: (4)
Sol. Deforestation is the conversion of forested area
into non–forested area, that leads to increase in
CO2 concentration in atmosphere and disturbs the
hydrological cycle
44. Answer: (2)
Sol. The major contributors of greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere are mostly developed countries of the
world in comparision to developing countries. USA
is the major contributor of green house gases
especially chlorofluro carbons (37%).
EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore
45. Answer: (2)
Sol. Chipko movement (1974) was related with forest
conservation as the local women of Garhwal
Himalaya, protected the trees by hugging them
46. Answer: (1)
Sol. Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation
that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on
plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid
rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur
and nitrogen compounds which react in the
atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years,
many governments have introduced laws to reduce
these emissions.
47. Answer: (4)
Sol. In water mercury gets changed into water soluble
dimethyl form and enters the food chain
accompanied by biological amplification. It
develops a crippling deformity called Minamata
disease causing numbness of limbs and tongue,
deafness, blurring of vision and mental
derangement.
48. Answer: (4)
Sol. Ozone layer is present in the stratosphere.
Thickness of ozone is measured in Dobson units
(D.U.).
49. Answer: (3)
Sol. SO2 is released by smelting of metallic ores
containing sulphur, refining of petroleum, volcanic
eruption, coal industries, motor vehicles, thermal
plant, coal industries, motor vehicles, thermal
plants. It oxidizes to SO3 and combines with H2O to
form H2SO3 and H2SO4. It is the cause of acid rain.
It causes chlorosis, Necrosis of vegetation, irritation
to human eyes, injury to respiratory tract
50. Answer: (4)
Sol. Nuclear waste is an extremely potent pollutant as it
emits radiation that is harmful for organism,
because it causes mutation at very high rate. At
high doses, it is lethal but at lower doses, it creates
various disorders. Therefore, after sufficient pre-
treatment, nuclear waste is buried within the rocks,
about 500 m deep below the earth’s surface.
51. Answer: (2)
Sol. Catalytic converter, having expensive metals
namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the
catalysts are fitted into the automobiles, for
reducing emission of poisonous gases.
52. Answer: (4)
Sol. The main problem with switching over to
compressed natural gas (CNG) is the difficulty of
laying down pipelines to deliver CNG through
distribution points/pumps and ensuring
uninterrupted supply.
53. Answer: (1)
Sol. Stringent norms means steadily reducing the
sulphur and aromatic content in petrol and diesel
54. Answer: (1)
Sol. ESP can remove oner 99% particulate matter
present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant.
Scrubber can remove gases like sulphur dioxide.
Exhaust is passed through a spray of water or lime
55. Answer: (2)
Sol. Motor vehicles equipped with Catalytic converters
should use unleaded petrol because lead in petrol
inactives the catalyst.
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9 Biology Assignment
56. Answer: (2)
Sol. In India, the air (prevention and control of pollution)
act came into force in 1981, but was amended in
1987 to include noise as an air pollution.
57. Answer: (2)
Sol. Soil erosion is due to effect of deforestation
58. Answer: (1)
Sol. It is also called ‘Terror of Bengal’. They grow
abundantly in eutrophic water bodies and lead to
an imbalance in the ecosystem dynamics of the
water body.
59. Answer: (3)
Sol. Mercury and DDT are non–biodegradable which
leads to biomagnifications and causes minamata
disease and decline in bird populations respectively
60. Answer: (2)
Sol. Due to biomagnifications 5PPM–25PPM
concentration of DDT. Causes thinning of egg shell
and their premature breaking calcium metabolism
is affected
61. Answer: (4)
Sol. Cultural/Accelerated eutrophication is due to
effluents released due to human activites
62. Answer: (4)
Sol. N2O–6%, CFC’s – 14%, CH4–20% CO2 – 60%
63. Answer: (3)
Sol. Incineration is done at high temperature steam to
kill pathogens.
64. Answer: (2)
Sol. Bio–fertilizers are used in maximum. Ramesh
Chandra dagar, a farmer in sonipat Haryana has
initiated integrated organic farming.
65. Answer: (3)
Sol. It has been recommended that storage of nuclear
waste, after sufficient shielded containers buried
within the rocks about 500 mts deep below the
surface.
66. Answer: (3)
Sol. N2O–6%, CFC’s – 14%, CH4–20% CO2 – 60%
67. Answer: (2)
Sol. Increases in the level of Greenhouse gases had led
to considerable heating of earth leading to global
warming. During the past century, the temperature
of earth has increased by 0.6oC, most of it during
the last three decades
68. Answer: (2)
Sol. Exposure to extremely high level of sound (  150
dB) generated by taking or rocket may damage ear
drums and hence can impair hearing ability
permanently
69. Answer: (3)
Sol. Suspended solids like sand, silt, clay colloidal
materials like faecal matter, bacteria, cloth and
paper fibers. Dissolved materials like nitrate,
Ammonia, phosphate, sodium & calcium.
70. Answer: (1)
Sol. The value of BOD is in fact proportionate to the
amount of organic matter present in the water.
When the amount of waste is more, then the BOD
value is also more. Typical BOD value for a water
)i.e, 200–400PPm) drinking water should have a
BOD less than one
EXCEL ACADAMICS - Bangalore 10
71. Answer: (4)
Sol. A citizen group called friends of the Arcata marsh
are responsible for the up keep and safe guarding 83.
of this wonderful project. Sol.
72. Answer: (4)
Sol. Irrepariable computer and other electronic goods
are known as e–wastes. Such wastes buried in the
land fills or incinerated
73. Answer: (2)
Sol. Polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified
plastic was developed which was mixed with the
bitumen that is used to lay roads, which enhanced
water repellent properties. 84.
74. Answer: (3) Sol.
Sol. Radiations produced by nuclear waste is extremely
damaging the organism, because it causes
mutations at a very high rate, causes even cancer
75. Answer: (2)
Sol. N2O–6%, CFC’s – 14%, CH4–20% CO2 – 60%
76. Answer: (3)
Sol. Wastes products from one process are cycled in as
nutrients for other processes
77. Answer: (2)
Sol. Green house effect is a natural phenomenon
responsible for heating of earth’s surface and 85.
atmosphere. GHG’s absorb long wave (infrared )
Sol.
radiations from the earth, and emit it again towards
the earth. The cycle continues till the earth’s
86.
surface has no long wave radiation to emit.
Sol.
78. Answer: (4)
Sol. ESP can remove over 99% particulate matter
present in the exhaust from a thermal power
plant. Scrubber can remove gases like sulphur
dioxide. Exhaust is passed through a spray of
water or lime
79. Answer: (2)
Sol. At the beginning of 20th centuary, forests covered 87.
about 30% of the land of India. By the end of the
Sol.
century, it shrunk to 19.4%
80. Answer: (2)
Sol. In 1980 JFM was introduced, in return for their 88.
services to the forest, local communities get benefit
Sol.
of various forest products and forest can be
conserved in a sustainable manner.
NO x  Hydrocarbons   Peroxyactely nitarte and O 3 
Motor vehicles equipped with Catalytic converters
should use unleaded petrol because lead in petrol
inactives the catalyst
81. Answer: (4)
Sol. Inflammation of cornea is called snow blindness.
Most of the UV–radiations, dissipated by ozone
layer are UV–C(100–280 nm) and partly UV–B
(280–320 nm).UV –A (320–390nm) are not filtered 89.
out. Because of the dissipation of harmful UV Sol.
radiations ozonosphere functions are shield against 90.
strong UV radiations Sol.
82. Answer: (1)
Sol. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic
converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into
CO2 & H2O carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are
changed to CO2 and nitrogen gas. Vehicles should
use only unleaded petrol since lead inactivates the
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Biology Assignment
catalysts platinum, palladium and rhodium which
are expensive metals.
Answer: (4)
Primary air pollutants are those that are released
by human activities and remain in the same form in
which they are released Eg:– CO2, CO, So2, NO2,
O3, suspended particulate matter etc….
Secondary air pollutants are formed when primary
air pollutants undergo chemical reactions with
atmospheric gases Eg:– Moisture catalysed by
sunlight like ozone, PAN, Sulphuric acid, nitric acid
etc…
Answer: (2)
Arsenic comes from bed rock as well as leaching
from surface, peripheral neuritis, hyperkeratosis,
transverse striae on finger nails, peripheral
vascular insufficiency vasospasm,
hyperpigmentation leading to black foot disease.
Which is gangrenous condition affecting lower
extremities, lung cancer, skin cancer. Excess
nitrates in drinking water. Causes
methaemoglobinaemia. Excess fluorides causes
flouorsis. Excess cadmium causes painful disease
of bones and joints called ouch–ouch/ itat–itai
disease.
Answer: (3)
CO–52%, SO2–18%, hydrocarbons –12%
particulate matter–10%, NOX–6%
Answer: (3)
Electrostatic precipitators are most efficient devices
where 99% particulate matter from thermal power
plant. It includes suspended particulate matter as
dust (more than (µm), aerosol (less than 1µm),
flyash, soot, smoke, spores, pollen grains and SPM
of 2.5µm or less in troposphere cause breathing
problems like chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma
and even death
Answer: (3)
Eutrophic water bodie shave algal blooming in
which overgrowth of green algae occurs, it pollutes
the water leading to BOD
Answer: (2)
It is produced when hydrocarbons are oxides of
nitrogen are expressed to UV–rays of sunlight
UV  rays
(Photochemical smog)
Photo chemical smog is called brown air when
solar radiation is intense
In seasons where solar radiation is less, smog
formation is incomplete and the air is called grey
air.
Answer: (1)
It is a natural a calamity
Answer: (4)
Automobiles burn petrol inefficiently causing 80%
of air pollution and 75% noise pollution. They
release hydrocarbons (13.7%), Co (77.2%)
NOx(7.7%) sulphur oxides, ammonia, aldehydes
and lead (90% of totaolead poisoning).Lead used
to be present in petroleum in the form of pb(Ch3)4
and pb(C2H5)4 as antiknock agent.