BASIC

OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY &
HEALTH
WMSU BS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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“Accident is unwanted, unplanned
and unforeseen but it can be
prevented.”

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TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL
YOUR HEART AND LEAN NOT ON
YOUR UNDERSTANDING; IN ALL
YOUR WAYS SUBMIT TO HIM, AND
HE WILL MAKE YOUR PATHS
STRAIGHT.
- Proverbs 3:4-5

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MISSION
To educate and produce top quality engineers
who will become the country’s leading
Technologists engineers, industrial managers,
environmentalists and information technology
experts in support of the socio-economic and
technological development of the country.
Utilize our resources and expertise to support
local industries and strengthen linkages.
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Vision
We aspire to be an Asian
standard school of engineering
in Western Mindanao producing
graduates imbued with sound
Filipino values, highly
productive, globally competitive
and committed to quality
engineering services.
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Goals
To prepare educate future leaders in the
engineering profession who possess the
competence and expertise and are recognized
for their:
• Analytical and technical capability in utilizing
the tools of engineering mathematics,
sciences and technology to solve societal
problems.
• Proficiency in oral and written communication.
• Contributions to society as planners,
consultants, contractors, and leaders in
multidisciplinary teams.
• Pursuit of lifelong learning and professional
development. 6
Requirements:
• Activity notebook – seat works/
assignments
• Test Booklet – quiz/ exams

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GRADE COMPONENT AND CORRESPONDING
WEIGHT:
• FINAL RATING
• Midterm Grade 40%
• Final term Grade 60%
• 100%
•
• MIDTERM GRADE
• Midterm Exam 40%
• Quizzes 30%
• Seatwork/ Group work 20%
• Assignment 10%
• 100%
• FINAL TERM GRADE
• Final Term Exam 40%
• Quizzes 30%
• Seatwork/Group Work 20%
• Assignment 10%
• 100%

• Passing Grade = 75% 9

Books and References
• Occupational Safety & Health Standards,
as amended 1989

• Legal Bases
- Republic Act 11098
- IRR, DO 198

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Online Class
• Visit google classroom
• Code:

• Materials are being uploaded.

• Online assignment quiz will be given.

• Instructions will be given through google

classroom.
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Getting to Know You!
1. Name
2. Nickname
3. How do you feel today, why? 

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Course Description

The course tackles key Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

concepts, principles and practices that are foundational
knowledge requirements acceptable in almost all industries.

Specifically, it assists learners in identifying the key elements in

the OSH situation both here and abroad, determine existing and
potential safety and health hazards, identify the range of control
measures, discuss pertinent provisions of Philippines laws that
refer to occupational safety and health, explain key principles in
effectively communicating OSH, identify components of effective
OSH programs and demonstrate some skills in identifying
hazards and corresponding control measures at the workplace.

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Course Objectives :
After completing this course, the students must be able to:

1. Discuss the health and safety concerns in an industrial setting and

the importance of promoting safety and health as an engineer’s
professional and ethical responsibility.

2. Perform safety audit in any of the following: a process, equipment

or an industrial plant.

3. Apply the concepts and principles of industrial safety and health to

case studies.

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Course Outline :
1. Introductory Concepts: Promoting Safety and Health as an
engineer’s professional and ethical responsibility
2. Occupational Safety
3. Industrial Hygiene
4. Control Measures for OSH hazards
5. Occupational Health
6. Personal Protective Equipment
7. OSH Programming
8. Training of Personnel on OSH
9. OSH Legislation
10. Plant Visit simulation
11. Fire Protection

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Methodology:
• Lectures

• Presentation

• Discussions

• Sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences

• Group work with outputs

• Presentation of outputs

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 Introduction to

Occupational
Safety and
Health (OSH)

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HOW DO YOU

ENJOY LIFE ???

HOW DO YOU

ENJOY LIFE ???

Introduction to
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

Why the need for

occupational safety and
health (OSH)?

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EVERY WORKER
HAS THE RIGHT
TO A SAFE AND
HEALTHY
WORKPLACE!
• Occupational Safety and Health is
devoted to the recognition and
control of factors (hazards) in the
workplace, which may cause death,
disability, injury, sickness, or great
discomfort and inefficiency among
the workers.

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Focus of OSH

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 Global OSH Data: ILO Report

270 million work-related accidents

160 million occupational diseases
(causing more than 4 days absence)

Average of 5,000 people die everyday

due to work-related accidents every year

Source: International Labour Organization

 Global OSH Data: ILO Report
355,000 fatal work-related accidents
every year (half occur in agriculture;
other high risk sectors: mining,
construction and commercial fishing)

4% (or over 1.2 million USD) of the

world’s GDP is lost due to occupational
diseases and accidents

12,000 children are killed on the job annually

Source: International Labour Organization

2017-2018 Integrated Survey on
Labor and Employment (ISLE)
Number of Cases of Occupational Accidents & Injuries With & Without Workdays Lost,
Philippines: 2017 and 2015 (In Establishments Employing 20 or More Workers)

Cases of Occupational Injuries 2015 2017

Total Establishments 30,682 32,288
Total Cases 50,961 46,283
Cases Without Workdays Lost 33,102 25,485
Cases with Workdays Lost 17,859 20,797
Fatal Cases 156 469
Non-Fatal Cases 17,703 20,328
Permanent Incapacity Cases 358 223
Temporary Incapacity Cases 17,346 20,105
Source: International Labour Organization
 OSH Data on Occupational Injuries
Indicator 2003 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Total Cases** 23,265 20,386 17,713 48,957 49,118 50,961 46,283
Total Cases with Workdays Lost 20,797
Superficial Injury & Open Wound 11,609 10,517 9,045 11,140 12,765 10,042 10,561
Dislocation, Sprain, Strain 3,336 2,366 2,085 2,460 2,004 2,254 2,488
Fracture 1,927 1,839 1,356 2,082 1,497 1,572 2,228
Burn, Corrosion, Scald, Frostbite 2,300 2,065 1,781 2,073 1,538 1,509 1,749
Foreign Body in the Eye 1,848 1,565 1,558 1,471 1,253 1,101 1,558
Concussion, Internal Injury 1,048 694 589 953 576 880 1,442
Acute Poisoning, Infection 221 750 665 229 242 245 452
Traumatic Amputation 547 234 134 220 317 228 294
Others 430 356 541 7 510 28 26
**Source of Data: Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics 2003/2004, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2011/2012, BLES Integrated Survey.
Philippine Statistics Authority, 2013/2014, 2015/2016, 2017/2018 Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment

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 Local Scenario: ISLE 2017-
2018

Source: International Labour Organization

Source: International Labour Organization
Source: International Labour Organization
 OSH Data on Occupational Diseases
Indicator 2003 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Total Cases** 55,413 47,235 71,894 85,483 171,787 127,973 101,851
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder 20,603 13,296 28,574 45,572 88,454 78,716 53,893*
Essential Hypertension 15,806
Occupational Asthma 6,742 8,759 4,906 3,652 8,914 8,363 11,576
Other Infections 7,825 6,517 3,482 3,773 6,395 3,559 5,394
Occupational Dermatitis 5,028 5,965 5,644 4,374 9,381 6,196 5,349
Other Diseases 4,748
Tuberculosis - - 2,921 4,505 3,670 3,320 3,466
Other Diseases caused by Chemicals 2,570
Heat Stroke, Cramps, Exhaustion 631 577 633 1,044 1,792 1,078 1,309
Occupational Lung Disease 1,309
Cardio-vascular Diseases 1,454 854 767 2,030 1,679 1,567 987
Deafness 510 172 320 868 296 309 596
Occupational Kidney Disease 351
Cataract 634 284 140 309 218 314 313
Chilblain, Frostbite, Freezing 150 112 37 99 268 321 253
Acute Poisoning 202 189 192 91 125 N/A N/A
**Source of Data: Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics 2003/2004, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2011/2012, BLES Integrated Survey.
PSA, 2013/2014, 2015/2016, 2017/2018 ISLE
*Total of Back Pain, Neck-shoulder Pain, Shoulder Tendinitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome & Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders
from 2017-2018 ISLE
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 OSH Data on Occupational Diseases

**Source of Data: Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics 2003/2004, 2007/2008, 2009/2010, 2011/2012, BLES Integrated Survey.
PSA, 2013/2014, 2015/2016, 2017/2018 ISLE
*Total of Back Pain, Neck-shoulder Pain, Shoulder Tendinitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome & Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders
from 2017-2018 ISLE
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 General
Concepts on
OSH

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 WHAT IS HAZARD?
Hazard means anything that
has the potential to harm the
health or safety of a person.

 Source, situation, or act

with a potential for harm in
terms of human injury or ill
health (OHSAS 18001:2007)
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CATEGORIES OF HAZARD
 Safety Hazards – something that has potential to cause injury
• Poor housekeeping hazards
• Fire hazards
• Machine hazards
• Material handling hazards
• Electrical hazards

 Health Hazards – Any agent or activity posing potential hazard to health

• Chemical hazards (vapors, mists, fumes, gases, dusts)
• Physical hazards (noise, vibration, illumination, extreme temperature,
extreme pressure, radiation)
• Biological hazards (bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi, protozoa; and
insects, parasites, plants, animals
• Ergonomics (improperly designed tools or work areas, improper
lifting or reaching, poor visual conditions, repeated motion in
awkward position
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ACCIDENT
• An occurrence or event that is
unexpected/ unforeseen, unplanned
and unwanted.

• Leads to:
 loss; damage
 injury
 death
Common Reasons for Accidents
Layman’s version:
– ‘Oras na kasi niya, hayaan na siyang
mamahinga!’
– ‘Ang malas naman niya!’
– ‘T**** kasi niya!’
– ‘Kasama sa trabaho yan!’

These are not real causes - - -

only EXCUSES
Accidents
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Accidents
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Accidents
Department of Labor and Employment
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Accident causation

PEOPLE MATERIALS
Workforce Used, worked or made
Management of the
workforce EQUIPMENT
Policies Tools and Machinery
Behavior

ENVIRONMENT
Physical surroundings
Natural environment
Community, social & legal influences

Accident causation refers to the factors that

are the primary reasons behind an accident.
Accidents & Productivity
H. W. Heinrich, Domino Theory

 Study of Accidents
• 98% – Preventable
o 88% - Unsafe/Unhealthy Acts
o 10% - Unsafe/Unhealthy
Conditions
• 2%* – Non-Preventable
H. W. Heinrich, Domino Theory
H. W. Heinrich, Domino Theory
DIRECT CAUSE OF ACCIDENT

Unsafe Act

+
Unsafe Condition

=
ACCIDENT
Unsafe / Unhealthy ACT

• A human action that departs from

a standard or written job procedure
or common practice, safety rules,
regulations, or instructions.
• A violation of a commonly-
accepted safe procedures and or
processes.

Department of Labor and Employment

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
What will you look for as safety engineers?
Unsafe Acts Unhealthy Acts
• Operating equipment • Smoking cigarettes in
without authority the workplace
• Removing safety devices • Inhaling organic
solvents
• Using Defective
• Drinking alcoholic
equipment
beverage during office
• Using improper/Not hours
using of PPE • Taking illegal drugs
• Horse-playing inside company
premises
Credit: https://images.app.goo.gl/s4KLqedDTFX2Ww9YA
 Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition

• The physical or chemical property of a material,

machine or the environment that may result in
injury to a person, damage or destruction to
property and other losses;
• could have been guarded or prevented.

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What will you look for as safety engineers?
Unsafe Conditions Unhealthy Conditions
• Defective • Excessive noise
tools/equipment • Inadequate
• Congested/blocked illumination/ ventilation
exits • Extreme temperature
• Inadequate warning
systems
• Slippery floors
• Hazardous atmospheric
condition
Credit: https://images.app.goo.gl/fYnkGBcJXn2zbphm6
SPOT THE HAZARDS
 ACCIDENTS / ILLNESSES

US / UH US / UH
Acts Conditions

•Unaware
•Unnoticed
•Unable
•Uncorrected
•Unmotivated
A fatal accident is just the TIP of the iceberg

1 Death
10 serious accidents
100 minor injuries
1,000 hazardous occurrences
10,000 unsafe/unhealthy acts & conditions
Credit: https://images.app.goo.gl/3L7eBpafNCcPS2s48
As safety engineers, you need to:
• identify the unsafe/unhealthy acts
and conditions in your workplaces
• implement control measures to
prevent accidents and illnesses
Code of Mechanical Engineering Ethics
in the Philippines
Pursuant to Section 9 of Commonwealth Act No. 294, as amended, otherwise
known as the Mechanical Engineering Law, this Code of Mechanical
Engineering Ethics is hereby adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering
as part of the Rules and Regulations governing the practice of Mechanical
Engineering.

• RELATIONS WITH THE STATE

Rule 8. In a national emergency, he shall offer his professional knowledge, skill

and experience in the service of the State.

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Code of Mechanical Engineering Ethics
in the Philippines
• RELATIONS WITH THE COMMUNITY

Rule 9. The mechanical engineer shall be well-informed of the latest technological

progress in his own line of work. He shall encourage and require the use, or
application of standard mechanical equipment, machinery, or processes for safety,
economy and efficiency.

Rule 10. Whenever he designs a mechanical equipment, machinery or process, or

prepares the layout of a project, he must apply an adequate factor of safety, and
provide for the necessary leeway for proper operating and maintenance conditions.

Rule 11. When he discovers faulty or unsafe devices, equipment, or machinery in any
place, work or plant, he shall without delay, give notice thereof to the proper
authority, public or private, for the immediate and effective correction, regardless of
whether or not he is responsible for said place, work or plant.

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Code of Mechanical Engineering Ethics
in the Philippines
• RELATIONS WITH THE LABOR

Rule 14. He shall strive to improve the skills of his workmen, pay them a fair living
wage, and instruct them on how to prevent accidents in their place of work.

• RELATIONS WITH COLLEAGUES AND ASSOCIATES

Rule 29. He shall not expect others to face danger that he himself
will not face. He shall observe at all times safety requirements for
the protection of all concerned.

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