Industial Train

INDUSTIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
STUDENTS' INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
HELD AT
SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY,IKEJA.
( logo)
BY
ADELEKE NOHEEMOT ENIOLA
MATRIC NO ( 182023)
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,OGBOMOSHO
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY ( B.TECH)IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING.
JUNE,2023.
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this industrial training report was written and presented by ADELEKE NOHEEMOT
ENIOLA with MATRIC NO 182023 of department of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY,LAUTECH,OGBOMOSHO on the completion of the industrial training held at Seven
Up Bottling Company,Ikeja.
............... .....................
Supervisor. Date
DEDICATION
Thus work is dedicated to God Almighty for his unwarranted guidance in my self-choosen tangent in the
circle of life and to my parents.I pray Almighty Allah grants them long life to reap the fruit of their
labour.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank Almighty Allah,the uncreated creative creature who creatively creates all things,for sparing my
life up to this moment to conjure this report.
My profound gratitude goes to my parents MR and MRS Adeleke for their financial,parental,religious
and moral support towards my progress in life.Also,I would like to be thankful to my uncle Mr Kehinde
Hammed for his financial support and making the opportunity comes into reality.
I am very grateful to the Human resource department staffs - Mr Adebayo ( the head of the
department),Mr Toye and Mr Adewale.Thank you so much for your contribution during my stay in the
company.
I would also like to acknowledge the effort of Mr Soji ( Head Quality Control),Mrs Baiyeri Victoria ( Head
Quality Assurance),Mr Christopher ( Quality Manager),Mr Victor ( R and D manager) and other quality
control staffs for their contribution towards my quality control and assurance knowledge of the
beverage and personal care industry.
I will be ungrateful if I fail to recognize the efforts of production staffs Engineer Moshood,Engineer
Chris,Engineer Razaq,Operator Dipo and many others for sacrificing their time to take me through the
production processes.
This report will be incomplete without acknowledging the mentorship of Dr K.K Salam and my Senior
Miss Alesinladu Mariam Omowumi,My super fantastic siblings ( Nasrat,Noheem,Nasirudeen),My lovely
boyfriend ( Abdulghaniyy) and my colleague you all have been wonderful.Thank you so much.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledge iv
Table of Content v
List of figures
List of tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme

1.1.1 The Industrial training fund (ITF) 2
1.1.2 Supervisor agencies ( NUC,NBTE and NCCE) 2
1.1. 3 Employers/Industry 2
1.1.4 The Institution 2
1.2 Aims and Objectives of Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme 3
1. 3 Logbook 4
1.4 Board of Directors 4
1.4.1 Departments in the organization 5
1.4.2 Mission of the Company 6
1.4.3 Motto of Seven up 6
1.4.4 The companys' products 7
1.4.5 Production Flow chart 8
1.5 Safety Equipment 9
1.6 Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) 9
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Seven Up Bottling Company
2.1.1 Water Treatment Plant
2.1.1.1 Definition of Some terms in water treatment
2.1.1.2 Ion exchange as a method of treating water
2.1.2 Effluent treatment
2.1.2.1 Chemicals use for sewage treatment
2.1.2.2 Aeration Treatment
2.1.2.3 Stages of aeration treatment
2.1.2.4 Chemicals removed by area
2.1.3 Boiler
2.1.3.1 Working Principle of a boiler
2.1.3.2 Revomax steam generator
2.1.3.3 Boiler blow down and blow time
2.1.4 Pumps and Compressor
2.1.4.1 Pump
2.1.4.2 Compressors
2.1.4.3 Difference Between Pumps and Compressor
2.1.4.4 Types of Compressors
2.1.4.5 Types of Pumps
2.1.5 Air Dryer
2.1.5.1 Air Receiver Tank
2.1.6 Valves
2.1.6.1 ARV or ARC Valve

2.1.6.2 Ball Valves
2.1.6.3 Breather Valves
2.1.6.4 Butterfly Valves
2.1.6.5 Gate Valves
2.1.6.6 Globe Valves
2.1.6.7 Plug Valves
2.2 Reverse Osmosis
2.2.1 Equipment and Facilities use in reverse osmosis plant
2.2.2 Air Binding
2.3 Laboratories in the operation control department
2.3.1 Central Laboratory
2.3.2 POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE LABORATORY
2.3.2.1 Analysis Carried Out in Pet Lab
2.3.3 Returnable Glass Bottles Laboratory
2.3.3.1 Analysis Carried Out in RGB Lab
2.3.4 Microbiology Laboratory2.3.4.1 Analysis Carried Out in Microlab
CHAPTER THREE
ACTUAL WORK ( METHODOLOGY)

3.1 Treatment of Water
3.1.1 Functions of the media tanks
3.1.1.1 Reaction Tank
3.1.1.2 Buffer Tank
3.1.1.3 Sand Filter Tank
3.1.1.4 Iron and Mangenese removal Tank
3.1.1.5 Activated Carbon Tank
3.1.1.6 Micron Polishers Tank
3.1.1.7 UV Light Tank
3.2 Regeneration Process
3.2.1 Sand Filter Back Washing
3.2.2 Carbon Filter Back Washing
3.2.3 Chlorination to the line,syrup and other areas
3.2.4 Changing of Micro filter Cartriges
3.2.5 Determination of water PH
3.2.6 Water Turbdit
3.2.7 Water Taste
3.2.8 Water Colour
3.2.9 Test for Iron
3.2.10 Test for total Chlorine
3.2.10.1 Free Chlorine
3.3 How does reserve osmosis work
3.4 Reboiler plant
3.4.1 Starting a boiler
3.4.2 Stopping a boiler

3.4.3 Blow down boiler
3.5 Compressors
3.5.1 Air Compressor
3.5.2 Dry Compressor
3.6 Co2 plant
3.6.1 Techniques of Starting
3.6.2 Preparation of MEA
3.6.3 How is MEA Trapped.
3.7 Dissolving Sugar
3.7.1 Arrangement of the sugar ( Pallet)
3.7.2 Production of Simple Sugar
3.7.3 Batching Process
3.8 Clean In Place ( CIP) Station
3.8.1 3 Step CIP
3.8.2 5 Step CIP
3.9 Raw Material Ware House
3.9.1 Packaging Material Ware House
3.9.2 Finished goods Ware House
CHAPTER FOUR
EXPERIENCE GAINED AND CHALLENGED ENCOUNTERED

4.1 Experience Gained
4.1.1 Personal Skills
4.1.2 Cognitive Skills
4.1.3 Intellectual Skills
4.1.3.1 Theoretical Experience
4.1.3.2 Practical Experience
4.2 Challenges Encountered
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
5. 2 Recommendation
5.2.1 SIWES
5.2.2 Seven Up Bottling Company
5.2.3 University
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill training programme which forms part of
the approved minimum academics standards in the various degree programmes offered in Nigerian
universities.The Industry Training Fund (which was itself established in 1971 by Degree 47) initiated the
SIWES in 1973.
My SIWES was undertaken at Seven up bottling company,1 Mobolaji Johnson

Avenue,Oregun,Ikeja,Lagos.Seven-Up Bottling Company Ltd is one of the largest manufacturing
companies in Nigeria, producing and distributing some of the nation's most-loved beverages in the
country like; Pepsi, 7Up, Mirinda, Teem, Mountain Dew, H2oH!, Lipton Ice Tea, Supa Komando Energy
Drink and Aquafina premium drinking water.
The report contains my 4 months SIWES Industrial training at Seven up.It includes the experience
gained from different department such as production,maintenance,ware house (raw material,packaging
material and finished goods) and Quality laboratory.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S)
The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S) is a vital aspect of the students’ degree
program whereby the students are allowed to undergo some practical training outside their academic
environment through attachment to various establishments to acquire some practical knowledge.
It was established in 1973 by Nigeria graduates of tertiary institutions to solve the problems of lack of
adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in industries and to help the Industrial Training
Fund enabling Decree No. 47 of October 8, 1971. This aims at transforming the nation’s economy from
its total dependence on foreign expertise to a state of self-reliance, through the training and
development of Nigerians that would be competent to perform the specialized skills required to manage
essential sectors of the National Economy.
Participation in Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) has become a necessary pre-
condition for the award of diploma and degree certificate in specified discipline especially engineering or
technologically related courses in most higher learning institution in the country,
in accordance with the education policy of the government.
The Industrial Training (IT) which spans for a period of six months is undertaken by Four Hundred level
(400L) students in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology during the second semester of the academic
session. The SIWES is therefore a pre - requisite for the award of the degree of Bachelor of technology.
This is to enable student to practically apply all the theoretical knowledge gained in the classrooms to
real life situations and to expose them to what is obtainable in industries, companies, and
establishments, thereby, catching a wider practical view of their discipline or profession.
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1.1.1 The industrial training fund (ITF)
Thisis solely responsible in the direct management and smooth running of the scheme. It also supervises
students undergoing training through the various ITF area offices. They examine and sign the
students’logbooks and the necessary ITF forms. Also, they supervise the payments of allowances to
students and institution-based supervisors.
1.1.2 Supervising agencies (NUC, NBTE and NCCE)
NUC - Nigerian UniversityCommission, NBTE- National Board for Technical Education and NCCE- National
Council for Colleges of Education. Their role is to select courses eligible for the participation of SIWES,
approval of master and placement lists etc.
1.1.3 Employers/ Industry
The following are the roles of employers/industry:
Accepting of students and deploying them to divisions relevant to their courses of study.
Appointing of industry-based supervisors to monitor the students.
Allow students to enjoy benefits such as allowance, meals, health care, transportation which are given
to staffs for the period of their attachment.
Check and sign their logbooks and other necessary forms and allow theinstitution- based supervisor to
visit the students.
1.1.4 The Institution
Their institution compiles and submits the master and placement list to the ITF. Their roles are:
1. Ensure that students’ placements are relevant to their courses of study
2. Prepare students for Industrial training through the organization of orientation programs
3. Appoint supervisors to students in their various places of attachment.
4. Beneficiaries of SIWES are undergraduate students in science, engineering, and technology disciplines
with duration of four month for polytechnic and colleges of education and six months for universities.
1.2 Aims and Objectives of Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme
Highlighted below are the aims and objectives of the Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme
program:
1. To expose the students to industry-based skills necessary for a smooth transition from classroom to
the world of work.
2. To expose the students to the methods of work not taught in school and to enhance possible job
placement for student later in the future.
3. It provides students with the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the use and handling of
the relevant machineries and equipment which are not commonly found in their school system.
4. To provide students with the opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in
the outside world.
5. To impact practical method of performing professional functions to undergraduate students of the

nations’ tertiary institutions.
6. To expose the students to the type of interpersonal relationship skills expected within the selected
industry and to boost the students’ information technology morale required for the profession.
7. To develop the skills of report writing in students and to improve the students’ interest and
competence in the chosen carrier.
8. To enlighten students on how Companies can be run smoothly in correlation with some available raw
materials and manpower around such environment.
9. To enlighten students on how Companies can be run smoothly in correlation with some available raw
materials and manpower around such environment.
3
To also make students discover the unknown potentials bestow on them when in school in correlation
with their practical knowledge.
And finally, to promote the technological advancement and general development of manpower and
labor force in Nigeria.
1.2 Logbook
A training logbook is designed to assist the students to keep accurate records of his/her training during
Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) and to give a brief presentation of the projects
executed by the company which include observations, comments and recommendations to both the
company and the University on ways of marrying the two institutions together to obtain the desire
result.
1.3 Brief History of Seven up Bottling Company

7up was created by Charles leiper Grigg who launched his St - Louis based Company the Howdy
Corporation in 1920.Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon - lime soft drink in 192.The
product,originally named Bib-labelli the rated lemon lime soda was launched 2 weeks before the wall
Street Crashof in 1929.
A Lebanese Mohammed El-Khalil who came to Nigeria in 1926 founded the company. Mohammed is the
father of the company's current chairman Faysal El-Khalil. The company metamorphosed from a very
successful transport business [El-Khalil Transport] in a bid to diversify the then largest transport
company in West Africa. In the early 1990s when Pepsi International took over Seven-Up International,
the company introduced the Pepsi brand in Nigeria.
Production of its first product, 7-Up started on October 1, 1960. The venture was a brainchild of the El-
Khalil family from Lebanon. The family patriarch had founded a transport firm in Nigeria and then
decided to divest into the soft drink market to compete with Leventis led Nigerian Bottling Company
(NBC).
Seven-up Bottling company started business in Nigeria in 1960 as a limited liability company. The Seven-
Up bottling company Plc is one of the largest independent manufacturer and distributor of well-known
and widely consumed brands of soft drinks in Nigeria from nine manufacturing plants.
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1.4 Board of Directors
Managing Director : Ziad Maalouf
Chief Financial Officer : Muhammad Admed Shaukat
Chairman : Faysal El -Khalil
Vice Chairman & Chief Operating Officer : Sunil Sawhney
Executive Director : Femi Mokikan
Director : Otunba Adekunle Ojora
Director : Emmanuel N Nwokoro
Director : Mallam Mohammed Hayatudeen
Director : Ziad Anwar El-Khalil
Director : Farid E El-Kahlil
1.4.1 Departments in Organization
Management
Sale Department
Marketing
Finance Department
HR Department
IT Department
Quality and Control Department
Production Department ( Manufacturing plant)
Raw Material Stores

1.4.2 Mission of the Company
Create more smiles with every sip and every bite. By creating joyful moments through our delicious and
nourishing products and unique brand experiences.
Our Brands
At SBC, our goal is to continue to deliver new and exciting products to our Nigerian community. So much
so that they are spoilt for choice. Our current range of thrilling beverages are tailored to suit the palettes
of our diverse Nigerian audience. Delivering gulp after gulp of satisfactory smiles.
1.4.3 Motto of Seven up
The quality of our products is a reflection of our commitment.
1.4.4 The Company's Products
Seven up
Mirinda
Pepsi
Teem Lemon
Aquafina water
H2O! water
Mountain Dew
Lipton
Supa Komado Energy Drink
Rockstar Energy Drink
Chief Malts
1.4.5 Production Flow Charts
1.5 Safety Equipments:
Safety can be described as the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or
injury. It can be defined as the elimination or control of recognized hazard. Safety is accident prevention.
1.6 Personal Protective Equipments :Personal protective equipment (as shown in Figure 1.2) refers to
wearable equipment that protects the wearer's body from injuries, illness, and a variety of heat-borne,
fire-borne, electrical, physical, chemical-borne, and airborne particulate matter.Personal protective
equipment includes protective clothing, goggles, industrial footwear, boots, face masks, hard hats, ear
plugs, respirators, gloves, safety harnesses, and helmets. Personal protective equipment also finds
application across various industries including construction & manufacturing, oil and gas, chemicals,
healthcare, food industry, pharmaceuticals, transportation, and others. Personal protective equipment
uses in maintenance department of Seven Up Bottling Company include:
i.Safety For the head ( helmet)
ii.Protect your eyes - Safety Glasses
iii.Hearing protection - ear plugs
iii.Maintain a good respiration - dust masks
iv.Protect your hand with the right gloves

v.Protection for the feet - Boots or Safety Shoes
vi.Wear the correct work clothing-high visibility jacket and pants made of a strong fabric.
Picture
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Beverages Company Using Seven up as a case study
In the beverage company,there are various department in seven up ( as listed in chapter one). Words
encounter in each department will be briefly discussed.
2.1.1 Water Treatment
WaterTreatment Plant
Water treatment plant is the design plant that shows how water is being treated to make it useful
forproduction. Water Treatment is the process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate
for aspecific end-use. The end- use may be drinking water,industrial water supply,water recreation
irrigation river flow maintenance or many other uses.
2.1.1.1 Definition of some terms in water treatment
Coagulation is a process used to neutralize charges and forma gelatinous mass to trap particles thus
forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter, it involves adding iron or aluminum
salts.
Flocculation is the separation of a solution, commonly the removal of sediment from a fluid. The
difference between coagulation and flocculation is that coagulation is achemical process while
flocculation is a physical process.
Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove the suspended solids from
water.
Filtration is the process of removing particles or suspended impurities in water through a filte
PH and Conductivity
PH means potential of hydrogen and it is effectively a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions i.e.
protons in a substance. Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current
because dissolved salts and other inorganic chemicals conduct electrical current. Conductivity is
important in ion exchange water treatment because it provides a measure of what dissolved in water a
higher conductivity value indicates that there are more chemicals dissolved in the water.
Regeneration
Regeneration is a process that takes ion exchange resin beads that are exhausted and removes ions that
have been picked up during the in- service cycle so the resin can continue to be used. Regeneration of
an ion exchange resin bed involves multiple processes including;
1.Back wash
2.Chemical injection
3.Slow rinse
4.Fastrinse
Backwash is done by running water backward through the bottom of the bed
Chemical injection is the addition of regenerate chemical such as hydrochloric acid, caustic to the bed
Injection of an acid
Acid is injected into the cation and mixed bed during regeneration, it is introduced in an up flow
regenerant header. It lowers the PH value of the water to around 7, to eliminate the soda taste and
improve the effectiveness
Injection of caustic soda
Caustic soda is injected into the anion and mixed bed during regeneration. It is introduced in a down
flow regenerant header. It raises the PH value of the water to a level that minimizes the corrosion by
increasing it soda taste.
Regeneration interval
Regeneration is done where there is an excessive rise in conductivity, and this shows that there are
dissolved chemicals in the water.
Back washing is the way of cleaning a drinking water system which is a means of reversing the flow and
increasing the velocity at which water pass through the filter.
Rising is done after backwashing to allow water to flow back down through the sand to flush out any
remaining dirt and debris from the filter and piping. Rising is important after backwashing because the
backwash lifts and flushes the sand, the rinse reseats the sand into original position for optimum
filtration.
2.1.1.2 Ion exchange as a method of treating water
Ion exchange is a water treatment method where one or more undesirable ionic contaminants are
removed from water by exchange with another non objectionable or less objectionable ionic substance.
It involves removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in the hard water.
Ion exchange resin or polymer is a resin that acts as a medium for ion exchange. It is an insoluble matrix
normally in the form of small micro beads, usually white or yellowish. It is of two types which are the
cations and anion.
Stages of ion exchange
Pressure sand filter
Sand filtration is used for the removal of suspended matter as well as floating and sinkable particles. The
water flows vertically through a fine bed of sand or gravel,particles are removedby way of absorption or
physical encapsulation.
In a pressure sand filter, water is gone throughmultilayer of filter media comprising reviewed sand,rocks,
and rock layers.The contaminants in the water are caught in the media and the sifted water goes into
the release manifold at the base of the tanks.
Picture.
Activated carbon filter

Activated carbon filter removes certainorganics such as unwanted taste and odours and micropollutants
from water and gases.Activated carbon filter work by adsorping,in which pollutants in the fluid to be
treated are trapped inside the pore structure of a carbon substrate . the substrate is made of many
carbon granules each of which is itself highly porous. As a result, the substrat has a large surface area
within which contaminants can be trapped.
Picture
Cations
cations resins are positive charged resin which attract positive ions such as calcium, magnesium,
cations release hydrogen ions or other positive charges.Cation resin formular : R-H
R-H + M+ = R-M + H+
Anionsresins are negative charged resin which attract negatives ions (cations) such as arsenic, nitrate,
bicarbonate (HCO), carbonate (co), sulphate (SO), hydroxide (OH) and replace them with chloride.
Anion exchange resin formular –NR4+OH- + HCL = -NR4+CL- + H2O
Picture
Mixedbedion exchange resins are mainly used in water purification for polishing process water to
achieve demineralized water quality. As the name states consists of strong acid cation exchange and
strong base anion exchange
During the cycle, water enters the unit through the inlet distributor at the top of the vessel and is evenly
distributed across the resin bed. As the water flows through the resin bed, its ionic contaminants are
exchanged for H and OH ions on the resin beds thus removes the ionic contaminants from the water.
The treated water then passes through the false bottom under drain strainers to the outlet piping at the
bottom of the unit.
Picture
Micron filter
Micron filter are filters which filter the water to designated micron rating for example 5-micron
filter. 5 micron-filters are the most popular and it is installed in an upward stream of ion exchange
columns (mixed bed) to remove particles and downstream to remove the resin that could pass through
under drains and clog a pure water system.
Picture
Ultraviolentsystem
Ultraviolent disinfects water containing bacteria and viruses and can be effective against
protozoa like Giardia lamblia cysts or Cryptosporidium oocysts. It penetrates harmful pathogens in the
water and destroys them by attacking their genetic core (DNA).
Picture
Reverse osmosis water treatment

Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane
(synthetic lining) to filter out unwanted molecules and large particles such as contaminants and
sediments like chlorine, salt, and dirt from drinking water. It gets water clean down to a molecular level,
leaving only pure water behind. The fresh water produced is called the permeate. The concentrated
water left over is called the waste or brine.
Semi permeable membrane has small pores that block contaminants but allow water molecules to flow
through. In osmosis, water becomes more concentrated as it passes through the membrane to obtain
equilibrium on both sides. Reverse osmosis, however, blocks contaminants from entering the less
concentrated side of the membrane.
Picture
2.1.2. Effluent treatment
Effluent treatment is also known as sewage treatment and it is a type of waste treatment which aims to
remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to dischargeto the
surrounding environment or intended re use application,thereby preventing water pollution from the
raw sewage discharge.
Sludge is the residue that accumulates a sewage treatment plants. It can also be refered to as solid,
semisolid or slurry residual material that is produced as a bye-product of wastewater treatment
processes.
PICTURE
2.1.2.1 Chemicals use for sewage treatment
Chlorine is a powerful oxidant that will kill or inactivate most pathogenic organism that are harmful to
bacteria,viruses, and othermicrobes in water andto prevent the spread of water borne diseases such as
cholera.
Limeis used to increase the alkalinity of the wastewater. Lime controls the PH, neutralization of acidic
wastewater. When alum and ferric chloride are used to coagulate suspended matter,lime is added to
counteract the low PH induced by these acidic salts and to provide the necessary alkalinity for efficient
nitrogen removal.
Alum sulfate is most widely used in municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment, it
removesturbid, suspended solids,total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
Alum is a coagulant and it comprised of positively charged (AL) molecule that when added to the water
and mixed accomplish this charge neutralization.
2.1.2.2 Aeration treatment
Aeration treatment is the treatment using aeration tank, aerating brings water air in close contact to
remove dissolved gases such as carbondioixide and oxidizes in the effluent. It brings water and air in
contact by exposing drops or thin sheets of water to the air or by introducing small bubbles of air and by
letting them rise through the water. The scrubbing process cause by the turbulence of aeration
physically removed dissolved gases from the solution and allows them to escape into the surrounding.
2.1.2.3 Stages of aeration treatment
Thestages of aeration treatment involve;
1.Waste holding tank: this is used to stored wastewater from the factory
2.Aeration tank: this is a large rectangular tank in which the wastewater is put into which air is pumped
for the treatment of effluent by a blower.
3.Air blower: this supply air into the waste in the tank to mix the waste and chemicals together.
4.Dosage tank: this is used for preparation and storage of chemicals used in the treatment.
5.Sludge bed: is the most widely used method for sludge dewatering. Sludge drying involves natural
ways of drying by mechanical ways of removing water content
6.Filtration bed: this is used to store the filtrate from the sludge bed
7.Pressure filter: this filters the filtrate and removes all suspended particles.
Picture
2.1.2.4 Chemicals removed by aeration
Volatile organic chemicals such as 1.Benzene
2.Ammonia
3.Chlorine
4.Carbondioxide
5.Hydrogen sulfide
6.Methane
7.Iron and manganese
2.1.3 Boiler
A boiler also known as a steam boiler is a type of heat exchange system where water is heated to its’
boiling point via combustion of a fuel blown through a tube submerged in water. The heat produced in
this system is then rejected into the system as steam. This steam flows through pipe systems to the
equipment that is being heated, whether it be hot water coils in air handling units, or other water
heating equipment.The steam boiler for use in various processes or heating applications such as
cooking, water heating, or boiler-based power generation. It is essential part of thermal power plants.
Diesel oil boiler has a widely usage,it can be use in pharmaceutical industry, chemical
industry,light,textile,building materials,farming,food, and beverages.
2.1.3.1 Working principle of a boiler
A steam boiler operates through a combustion reaction between fuel and air, which ignites a flame into
tubes that submerged in water. The heat from this combustion is then transferred from the tube to the
water in which the tubes are submerged. The water is then evaporated into steam. The steam is then
taken into piping to be used in the specific heating application.
After the heat from the steam is taken and transferred into the process needing heat, the steam
condenses back into water as condensate. This can be collected and returned to the boiler to be used
through a condensate return line. This saves the amount of needed make-up water, as well as needed
chemicals since the condensate has evaporated away dissolved solids.
2.1.3.2 Revomax steam generator
Revomaxis a versatile, fully automatic, instant steam generating range of boilers designed for safe and
reliable operations. Easy to install and commission, these time-tested boilers require very little
maintenance. It features a specially designed furnace and combustion system to burn difficult heavy oils
and it flexibility between light and heavy oil help respond to fluctuating fuel prices.
PICTURE
2.1.3.3 Boiler blow down and blow down time
Blow down is the removal of water from a boiler. Its purpose is to control boiler water
parameters within prescribed limits to minimize scale, corrosion, carryover, and other specific problem.
Blow down time gives an indication of the extent to which the coil tubes are scaled up and
should be measured when boiler is hot i.e., has run for at least 20-30 minutes.
2.1.4 Pumps and Compressors
2.1.4.1 Pumps
Moving fluids plays a major role in the process of a plant. Liquid can only move onits own
power, and then only from top to bottom or from a high pressure to a lower pressure system. This
means that energy to the liquid must be added, to moving the liquid from a low to a higher level. To add
the required energy to liquids, pumps are used. There are many different definitions of the name PUMP,
but this is best described as:“A machine used for the purpose of transferring quantities of fluids and or
gases from oneplace to another”.
2.1.4.2 Compressor
Compressor is a device for increasing the pressure of a gas by mechanically decreasing its volume. It is
the most frequently compressed gas but natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, and other industrially important
gases are also compressed. The three general types of compressors are positive displacement,
centrifugal, and axial.
2.1.4.3 Differences between pumps and compressor
Moving hydraulic fluid through a system requires either a pump or compressor. Both achieve this goal,
but through different operating methods. Pumps can move liquids or gases. Compressors typically only
move gas due to its natural ability to be compressed. Pumps and compressors both have very high
pressure rises.
2.1.4.4. Types of Compressors
There are different types of compressors that move air into a chamber. Most compressors are positive-
displacement compressors in which, by forcing air into the chamber, volume isdecreased to compress
the air. Reciprocating or piston-type air compressors pump air by using pistons and one-way valves to
guide air into the cylinder.
2.1.4.5 Types of Pumps
Two basic types classify pumps: Positive displacement pumps and Centrifugal pumps.
a. Positive displacement pumps: move fluid by moving a fixed amount of it and forcing thefixed amount
into a discharge pipe. They can produce the same flow at a given speed regardless of the discharge
pressure making them constant flow machines. Positive displacement pumps can be classified as
reciprocating pumps (piston, plunger, and diaphragm), power pumps, steam pumps, and rotary pumps
(gear, lobe, screw, and vane, regenerative or peripheral, and progressive cavity).
b. Reciprocating pumps: consist of a cylinder with a plunger in which the retract strokecauses suction
valves to open drawing fluid into the cylinder. The forward stroke push the liquid into the discharge
valve.
i. Diaphragm pumps: pressurize the hydraulic oil via the plunger, which flexes the diaphragm in the
pumping cylinder. Typically, diaphragm pumps are for hazardous and toxic fluids, especially during
chemical injection
ii. Centrifugal pump: converts input power to kinetic energy by accelerating liquid in animpeller.
Centrifugal pumps are constant head machines. A volute pump is the most common centrifugal pump.
Here, the fluid enters the pump through the eye of the impeller rotating athigh speed. As the fluid
accelerates radially outward from the pump chasing, a vacuum is created at the impeller’s eye. This
vacuum creates more suction and draws in more fluid into the pump. The maximum head is determined
by the outside diameter of the pump impeller and the rotating shaft speed.
2.1.5 Air Dryer :The basic function of the air dryer is to remove moisture from the air by cooling it with a
refrigerant. Thus, the water vapor is condensed, and the air can be compressed. The result is dry
compressed air, which can be used in compressed air equipment without causing any damage.
2.1.5.1Air Receiver Tank:Air receivers, commonly referred to as vessels or tanks are used to store
compressed air before it enters into the piping system and or equipment. In simpler terms, air receivers
act as a buffer mechanism between the compressor and the fluctuating pressure caused by the changing
demand.
Picture
2.1.6 Valves
Valves are essential parts of any piping system used to control the flow and pressure of
contents, whether that is oil, gas, liquid, or vapors. Here is our list of 10 of the most used oil and gas
valves in the industry and the reasons for their existence, with details. These are some valves but used in
IFS:
2.1.6.1 ARV or ARC valves
Acronyms for 'Automatic Recirculation Valve' and 'AutomaticRecirculation Control' these valves
are multi-functional but have the primary purpose of ensuring that a pre-determined minimum flow is
assured through centrifugal pump always.
Picture
2.1.6.2 Ball valves
A ball valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve that used a ball-shaped disk to control a flow. If the
valve is opened, the holes in the ball stay in line with the body inlet allowing contents to pass. The
combination of materials means the ball valve can operate at temperatures as low as -200 deg C and as
high as 500 deg C. Mainly used for air, gases and liquids, ball valves are quick to turn on and off and have
a tight sealing with a low torque.
2.1.6.3 Breather valves
It is also known as vacuum relief valves as a special type of relief valve designed for tank protection. The
valves prevent the build-up of excessive pressure or vacuum which can unbalance the system or damage
the storage vessel. Pressure and vacuum protection levels are usually controlled with weighted pallets
and can be combined to meet the required settings.
2.1.6.4 Butterfly valves
Quarter-turn rotational motion valves, the butterfly valves are used to stop, start and regulate flow. Easy
and fast to open, the valve usually comes equipped with a gearbox where the hand wheel by gear is
connected to the stem. This simplifies the operation of the valve, but at the expense of speed. These
valves must also be installed a minimum of 6 pipe diameters away from other line elements. As well as
being lightweight, and quick to use, the butterfly valves are available in large sizes and can cope with
low-pressure drop and high-pressure recovery.
Picture
2.1.6.5 Gate valves
Gate valves are primarily designed to start or stop a flow when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum
flow restriction is needed. In service, these valves are pretty much kept either fully open, or fully closed.
When turned open, the disc of the gate is completely removed allowing contents to pass. Although this
gives the valve good shut-off properties and isbidirectional, they cannot be quickly opened or closed and
sensitive to vibration when open.
Picture
2.1.6.6 Globe valves
Typically used for cooling water systems, transporting fuel oil and turbine lube oil systems, a globe valve
is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate flow. Conventionally used for isolation and
throttling services, the globe has become the world's most common types of valves. With a good shut
off ability, available in tee, wye, and angle patterns and easy to machine the valve seats - it’seasy to see
why they are so popular.
2.1.6.7 Plug valves
A plug valve uses a tapered or cylindrical plug to stopor start a flow. In open position, the plug-passage is
in one line with the inlet and outlet ports. If the plug is rotated from the open position, the solid part of
the plug blocks the port and stops the flow. These are quick to turn off, smaller in size compared to most
valves and have minimal resistance flow.
2.2 REVERSE OSMOSIS

Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane (synthetic lining)
to filter out unwanted molecules and large particles such as contaminants and sediments like chlorine,
salt, and dirt from drinking water.
2.2.1 Equipments and Facilities Used in Reverse Osmosis Plant

1. PH Dosing Tank:the process of treating the water in a power plant's water or steam generating system
with various chemicals to protect the metallurgy of the water system.
2. Antiscadal Dosing Tank:Antiscalant is a pretreatment water additive for reverse osmosis system that is
highly effective in preventing the membranes from scaling. Before the feed water enters the reverse
osmosis membrane, an antiscalant is injected into the water and sent the through the system.
3.Dosing Tank:Dosing pumps are oscillating positive displacement pumps designed to add a variety of
media to a process at a highly accurate flow rate. The pump type is used for a wide variety of
applications and industries, from wastewater treatment to food processing.
4.RO Feed UV: The UV light kills all the disease-causing germs and bacteria and makes the water safe for
consumption and household uses. Although the UV lamp kills all pathogens in the water tank, the dead
bodies of the microorganisms remain in the water. To solve this problem, RO water purification comes.
5.Cartridge Filter 5 Micron:5-micron filter, for example, removes particles as small as 5 microns.
Anything smaller passes through the pores. Sediment filters are the most common type of micron filter.
Sediment filters are similar to screen doors that allow air in and keep bugs out, except the debris
blocked by the filter is microscopic.
2.2.2 Air Binding:The clogging of a filter, pipe, or pump due to the presence of air released from water.
Air entering the filter media is harmful to both the filtration and backwash processes.
2.3 Laboratories In the operation control departments.

2.3.1 Central Laboratory:Central Laboratories are equipped with better facilities which are not possible
to provide at each hospital-associated lab (local lab). For example, the central laboratory uses
sophisticated software to record, track and transmit the lab results after analyzing the samples.The
equipment used in the lab are spectroquant,spectrometer,lead analyser,weighing balance,analytical
balance,retort stand,polariscope,burrete scope,water bath,hydrogen generator,Oven,secure seal
tester,stirrer,viscometer,accelerator and climatic chamber.
2.3.2 POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE LABORATORY:POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE LABORATORY

(PET LAB)
PET (also known as one-way pack) lab is also a section of the quality control that is responsible for the
production of quality plastic products/beverages and ensuring that all pet products/beverages meet the
required standard and specifications. PET lab also makes sure that all quality measures and procedures
are adhered to during production and test/analysis are carried out to ensure maximum quality is
guaranteed.
ANALYSIS CARRIED OUT IN PET LAB

1. Syrup Analysis
Aim: To prepare a control drink ensuring that the finished syrup to be batched, conforms to the
standards and specifications of the regulatory body.
The analysis carried out are; pH of the syrup, brix of the syrup, density of the syrup, brix of the control
drink prepared and the titratable acid.
Reagents: 10% Tri potassium citrate, 0.1N NaOH, treated water.
2. Sectional Weight
Aim: To determine the compressive stress of the pet bottles, determining how much load/stress the
bottles can carry.
The analysis carried out are; top load testing, bottle cutting and weighing of the parts that constitute
a whole bottle.
Equipment: Top load tester, Hot wire cutter, weighing balance
3. Closure Analysis:
Aim: To ensure that the incoming closure samples have no defects.
The analysis carried out are; physical check on closure, use of Vernier calipers, and weighing.
4. Preform analysis:
Aim: To ensure PET preforms being used in production meets the required standards for quality
products.
The analysis carried out are; diameter, height, weight, presence of folds, faulty neck finish, tilted neck
finish and presence of air bubbles within the preforms.
Equipment: Vernier caliper, weighing balance.
2.3.3 RETURNABLE GLASS BOTTLES LABORATORY (RGB LAB)
RGB lab is a section of the quality control that is responsible for the production of quality bottled
products/beverages and ensuring that all bottled products/beverages meet the required standard and
specifications. RGB lab also makes sure that all quality measures and procedures are adhered to during
production and test/analysis are carried out to ensure maximum quality is guaranteed.
2 3.3.1 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS CARRIED OUT IN RGB LAB
1. Caustic Strength Analysis

Aim: To determine the strength of the caustic used in washing the glass bottles, ensuring that it is up to
the required strength.
Reagents: Distilled water, BaCl2, 2.5N H2SO4, Phenolphthalein
2. Divo Analysis
Aim: To determine the presence of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the final pre-rinse water.
Reagents: NH4OH, Buffer indicator tablet, 0.001N Zn04
3. CO2 Analysis
Aim: To ensure the generation of quality and purified CO2 gas.
The analysis carried out are; pH of the samples, normality of the samples, %Soda ash present in the
Mea samples, total dissolved solutes, hardness, alkalinity and iron content of the cooling tower.
Reagents: 0.1N Hcl, 0.25N Hcl, 2N H2SO4, Fe(SO4)2, 10%BaCl2, hardness buffer solution, 0.02N H2SO4,
0.01N EDTA, distilled water, sodium thiosulphate, eriochrome blackt, methyl orange.
4. Syrup Analysis
Aim: To prepare a control drink ensuring that the finished syrup to be batched, conforms to the laid
down specifications and is safe for consumption.
The analysis carried out are; pH of the syrup, brix of the syrup, density of the syrup, brix of the control
drink prepared and the titratable acid.
Reagents: 10% Tri potassium citrate, 0.1N NaOH, treated water.
5. Boiler Analysis
Aim: To ensure that the steam being generated by the boiler room is quality and suitable for use in
production and cleaning.
The analysis carried out are; pH, iron content, total dissolved solutes, specific gravity, density, color
and hardness of the water samples
Reagents: 0.01N EDTA, 0.02N H2SO4, Iron phenolphthalein, hardness buffer.

2.3.4 Microbiology Lab
The Microlab is where all microbial analysis is carried out. They are responsible for carrying out all forms
of microbial analysis on the simple syrup, water samples from WTP, water samples from Reverse
Osmosis Plant, water samples from boreholes and beverages produced, to ensure that consistent
quality is adhered to during production, and that products are safe for consumption.
2.3.4.1 Analysis Carried Out in the Microlab
1.WTP analysis: Water samples are collected aseptically from this plant and total plate count is tested
on the samples.
2.Reverse Osmosis analysis: Water samples are collected aseptically and the presence of coliforms,
fecal streptococcus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and total plate count are tested on.
3.Carbonated Soft Drink analysis: Products are taken from the line and tested on to check for the
presence of yeast and moulds.
4.Simple Syrup analysis: Simple sugar syrup samples are gotten from the all dissolving room and
tested on to check for the presence of yeast and moulds, coliforms and total plate count.
CHAPTER THREE
ACTUAL WORKDONE (METHODOLOGY)
During the period of my industrial training, I was attached to the following departments;
Water Treatment Plant
Reverse Osmosis Plant
Re boiler Plant
Co2 Plant
Preform Plant
Dissolving Sugar Plant
Clean In Place Station
Syrub Room.
3.1 Treatment of Water :Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or
reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment is
crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit from both drinking and irrigation use.
3.1.1 Function of each media tank:
3.1.1.1 REACTOIN TANKS.
• Chemicals are dosed in to sterilize the water
• Water also sanitized in this stage.
Picture
3.1.1.2 BUFFER TANK
• Serves as storage tank
Picture
3.1.1.3 SAND FILTER
• Removes debris
• Filters the water
Picture
3.1.1.4 IRON AND MANGENESE REMOVAL
.Oxidation occurs
• Fe2+ is converted to Fe3
• The sand in it filters the water
Picture
3.1.1.5 ACTIVATED CARBN
• Works with principle f Adsorption
• Removes chlorine
• Removes odour
• Removes taste
• Further filtration
Picture
3.1.1.6 MICORN POLISHERS
• purifying the water from carbon
• Polish any impurities that not removed before the stage.
3.1.1.7 UV LIGHT
• saved as secondary disinfection.
Picture ( Ikeja water treatment flow chart)
3.2 Renegeration Process:Water softener regeneration is the process through which the water softener
flushes out the minerals it catches from the hard water, so it can continue to soften new water as it
comes through. When hard water passes through your water softener, ions of calcium and magnesium
in the water are replaced with sodium ions.
3.2.1 Sand Filter Back Washing:PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide instruction for
back
washing of sand filter.

2.0 SCOPE: Sand filter.
3.0 RECORDS: (WTP )logs
4.0 ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: Operation manual
5.0 RESPONSIBILITY: Water treatment technicians
6.0 TOOLS/GLASSWARES/REAGENTS/BEAKER.
7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Wear Nose Mask.
8.0 INSTRUCTIONS
8.1 Choose the sand filter to undergo backwash then stop the operation of the sand filter to
backwash.
8.2 Close the infield and outlet valve open the backwash valve of sand filter to undergo
backwash
8.3 open desecration valve, and sludge water valve to drain water for three minutes( 2-3
minute).
8.4 Open the air blower valve manually and on the switch on the panel and wait for 4-6 minutes
8.5 Initiate OFF on the panel to stop the backwash air and lock the air blower valve
8.6 Manually open the backwash water valve.
8.7 Initiate(ON backwash water pump) and adjust the flow meter on backwash line manually
to 120m
8.8 Allow to run in for 15 minutes or until the sand is clear of dirt. then stop backwashing
pump
8.9 open the infield and drain valve then , ON the operation pump to rinse for 10 minutes
until the sand is clear of dirt
8.10 0pen the infield and outlets valve, then begin operation.
9.0 Frequency: every day or if there is deferential pressure on gauge .

Specification:Turbidity<0.5,ph=6_7.,TDS<500ppm,hardness<500ppm, Fe_0.5,alkanity
3.2.2 Carbon Filter Back Washing: 1.0 PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide instruction
for the removal of theparticle and chemical sediments from the carbon filter.
2.0 SCOPE: carbon filter tank
3.0 RECORDS: Water treatment record
4.0 ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: operational manual.
5.0 RESPONSIBILITY: water treatment technicians
6.0 TOOLS/GLASSWARES/REAGENTS/ BEAKERS
7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Wear Nose Mask
8.0 INSTRUCTIONS
8.1 Turn off operation mode on the panel.
8.2 Close carbon filter infeed valve and treated water outlet valve, then open the carbon filter backwash
water valve, sludge water drain valve and the deaeration valve.
8.3 Initiate(ON the backwash pump on the panel, adjust backwash pump flow rate to 90m and
allows for a minimum of 15-20 minutes for effective backwashing.
8.4 Take sample at intervals during the backwashing to check the clarity of the backwash.
8.5 After backwashing is completed(I.e water becomes clear without brownish/ darkish
sediments), stop the backwash pump and open the carbon filter infeed valve close carbon backash.
water valve and sludge valve, then open the drain valve let deaeration valve still open till water
starting coming out through it then close it
8.6 open the infield and drain valve then , put the tank undergo backwash on operation to rinse
for 10 minutes until the tank is clear of dirt and chemical while outlet valve closed.
8.7 Close the carbon filter drain valve,
open infield valve, and treated water outlet valve while the duration(air) valve closed. Initiate
operation mode on panel to send water to line.
9.0 Frequency: every day or if there is deferential pressure on gauge
10.0Specification:Turbidity<0.5NTU,PH=6._7,TDS<500ppm,Chl<=0.0ppm,Fe3<=0.05ppm,alkalinity ty
<50ppm MAG<=0.005ppm.
3.2.3 CHLORINATION TO THE LINE,SYRUP AND OTHER AREA
1.0 PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide instruction for the chlorination to the
line ,syrup and other area.
2.0 SCOPE: All treated water area point .
3.0 RECORDS: Water treatment record
4.0 ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: operational manual.
6.0 TOOLS/GLASSWARES/REAGENTS/ BEAKERS
7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Wear Nose Mask
8.0 INSTRUCTIONS
8.1 Open the carbon filter backwashing valve, micron filter feed valve, and outlet drains of the
micron filters, and ON the backwashing pump to send chlorinated water to the areas(I.e by pass
carbon filter). When water starts coming out from the drains of all area afected put OFF the
backwashing pump(to retain chlorinated water in the pipe) and close the drains valves to allow contact
time of 50mins to 1hr.
8.2 Open the carbon filter infeed valve, the drains, micron filter valve and put ON the carbon filter
feed pump to allow water through the carbon filter.
8.3 Take water sample at interval of 5 minutes from the sampling points of all areas affected to
check the parameters(chlorine,turbidity,iron etc) until the right specifications are attained
8.4 send water to line.
9.0 Frequency: monthly.

3.2.4:TITTLE: CHANGING OF MICRON FILTER CARTRIDGES.
1.0 PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide instruction for changing of micron
filter cartridges.
2.0 SCOPE: micron filters(1 and 5 micron)
3.0 RECORDS: water treatment record (WTP)
4.0 ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS: operation manual
5.0 RESPONSIBILITY: water treatment technicians.
6.0 TOOLS/GLASSWARES/REAGENTS: Beakers
7.0 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Wear Nose Mask and hand Gloves.
8.0 INSTRUCTIONS
8.1 Put the micron filter out of service by closing the valve sending water to micron filter from
carbon filter.
8.2 Open both outlet drain of each (I.e 1and 5 micron) micron filter housing and drain of the micron
filters to ensure that there is no water in the housing before loosening the lid.
8.3 Unscrew the nuts of the lid of the micron filter housing
8.4 Remove the micron filter cartridge from their respective housing
8.5 Rinse each cartridge with treated water and fix back in their respective micron filter housing
OR change it with new cartridge if its beyond use .(Ensure that the seals are firm).
8.6 Fix the tip of each micron filter cartridge on holes stainless steel plate in a way that each
cartridge enters a hole.
8.7 Cover the micron filter housing with the lid and screw it.
8.8 Ensure the carbon filter is backwashed thoroughly and rinsed well.
8.9 Flush each micron filter(1and 5micron) separately, flush through the main drain of the micron filter
before sending water to line.
8.10 Take water sample at interval of 5 minutes from the sampling points to check the
parameters(chlorine,turbidity,iron etc) until the right specifications are attained.
9.0 Frequency: once every 3 month, or if there is deferential pressure on gauge.
3.2.5 DETERMINATION OF WATER PH
1.0 PURPOSE: To Determine the PH of water.
2.0 SCOPE: Raw and treated water.
3.0 RESPONSIBILITY: Water treatment technician
4.0 : INSTRUCTIONS
4.1 Fill a clean Beaker with the water sample.
4.2Remove the PH meter cover and switch it on
4.3 Rinse the sensor with distilled water and insert both temperature and PH sensor into the water.
4.4 Allow the reading to be stable and then take the reading. And record the result.
Sampling point:Raw water, Water after sand and final water
5.0 Frequency: Every 30 minute .
6.0 specification: 6_7
Out of Spec: To correct PH, adjust the sodium Hydroxide dosage and re-_check the PH again.
Also ensure PH meter is properly calibrated to avoid error reading.
3.2.6 WATER TURBIDIT
1.0 PURPOSE: To test for the Turbidity of water.
2.0 SCOPE: Borehole water, Raw water, sand filter water, carbon filter water and water after
polisher.
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1 Obtain a clean and dry sample vial (coo bet) .

5.2 Handle the sample vial by the top
5.3 Rinse the vial with distilled water.
5.4 Fill the rinse vial with(10ml)of distilled water , insert it in spectrometer and zero it
5.5 Fill the rinse vial with the (10ml) of the grab sample ,then insert it in spectrometer ,cover the
vial with black screw cap and take the reading .
Sampling point:Water after sand, carbon filter, borehole and final treated water .
6.0 Frequency: Every 30minutes.
7.0 Specification:Out of Spec: Backwash sand filter thoroughly until clear water is seen, also backwashed
carbon filter and recheck the turbidity level until it conform with the specification.
3.2.7 WATER TASTE
1.0 PURPOSE: To ensure water is tasteless.
3.0 SCOPE: treated water
4.0 RESPONSIBILITY: Water treatment technician
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1 Ensure sampling bottle is clean
5.2 Collect the treated water into the clean bottle
5.3 Rinse his mouth properly
5.4 Taste the sample and record the result in water treatment record
Sampling points: Water after U.V
6.0 Frequency: Every 3 hour
7.0 specification: Tasteless.If problem per,call the attention of shift supervisors or the QCM.
8.0 Out of Spee: check PH and Total Alkalinity if not ok, adjust and backwash sand and carbon filter tank
If problem per,call the attention of shift supervisors or the QCM.
3.2.8 Water Colour
1.0 PURPOSE: To test for the colour of water.
polisher.
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.4 Fill the rinse vial with(10ml)of distilled water , insert it in spectrometer and zero it
5.5 Fill the rinse vial with the (10ml) of the grab sample ,then insert it in spectrometer ,cover the vial
with black screw cap and take the reading .
Sampling point:Water after sand, carbon filter, borehole and final treated water .
6.0 Frequency: Every 30minutes.
7.0 Specification:None
8.0 Out of Spee: Backwash sand filter thoroughly until clear water is seen, also backwashed
carbon filter and recheck colour until it conform with the specification.
3.2.9 Test For Iron:
1.0 PURPOSE: To test iron in the water.
polisher.
5.0 PROCEDURE

5.4 Fill the rinse vial with(10ml)of sample water , insert it in spectrometer and zero it ,then time
it.
5.5 Fill the rinse vial with the (10ml) of the grab sample and reagent call iron phenanthroline,
shake it to dissolve very well, then insert it in spectrometer ,cover the vial with black screw cap
and take the reading .
Sampling point:Water after sand, carbon filter, borehole and final treated water,6.0 Frequency: Every
30minutes.
7.0 Specification:<0.10mg/1
8.0 Out of Spee: check PH and Total Alkalinity if not ok,check the chlorine if not ok, adjust and
backwash.
If problem per,call the attention of shift supervisors or the QCM.
3.2.10 Test For Total Chlorine :1.0 PURPOSE: To test for the total chlorine in the water.
2.0 SCOPE: after carbon filter water and water after polisher.
5.0 PROCEDURE
it.
5.5 Fill the rinse vial with the (10ml) of the grab sample and add reagent call Total Chlorine OR
DPD4, shake it to dissolve very well, then insert it in spectrometer ,cover the vial with black screw cap
Sampling point: Water after carbon filter, and final treated water .
6.0 Frequency: Every 30minute
7.0 Specification: <0.0ppm
8.0 Out of Spee: heck the rate of dosing chlorine if not ok, adjust and backwash.If problem per,call the
attention of shift supervisors or the QCM.
3.10.1 FREE CHLORINE
1.0 PURPOSE: To test for the free chlorine in the water.
2.0 SCOPE:water after sand filter ,reaction tank, buffer tank
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.2 Handle the sample vial by the top.
5.3Rinse the vial with distilled water.
it.
5.5 Fill the rinse vial with the (10ml) of the grab sample and add reagent call Free Chlorine OR
DPD1, shake it to dissolve very well, then insert it in spectrometer ,cover the vial with black screw cap
Sampling point: Water after carbon filter, and final treated water .
6.0 Frequency: Every 30minutes
7.0 Specification: 6-8ppm
8.0 Out of Spee: heck the rate of dosing chlorine if not ok, adjust and backwash,If problem per,call the
attention of shift supervisors or the QCM.
3.3 How does a reverse osmosis system work?

A reverse osmosis system removes sediment and chlorine from water with a pre-filter before it forces
water through a semi permeable membrane to remove dissolved solids. After water exists theRO
membrane, it passes through a post-filter to polish the drinking water before it enters a dedicated
faucet. Reverse osmosis systems have various stages depending on their number of pre-filters and post-
filters. A reverse osmosis system removes dissolved solids like arsenic and fluoride through the RO
membrane. An RO system also includes sediment and carbon filtration for a broad spectrum of
reduction. The carbon filters in an RO system remove chlorine and bad taste and odors, and the
sediment filter removes dirt and debris.
Stages of RO systems
The RO membrane is the focal point of a reverse osmosis system, but an RO system.
also includes other types of filtrations. RO systems are made up of 3, 4 or 5 stages of filtration. The filter
is called either pre-filters or post-filters depending on whether water passes through them before or
after it passes through the membrane.
Each type of system contains one or more of the following filters:
Sediment filter: reduces particles like dirt, dust, and rust.
Carbon filter: Reduces volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, and other contaminants that give
water a bad taste or odor.
Semi-permeable membrane: Removes up to 98% of total dissolved solids (TDS)
After filtration, water flows to the storage tank. Where it is held until needed. A reverse osmosis system
continues to filter water until the storage tank is full and thenshuts off.
Ultraviolet: this kills the microns present in the water
Dosage injector: this pumped the dosage like chlorine into the water.
3.4 Reboiler Plant:
Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial distillation
columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are
returned to the column to drive the distillation separation. The heat supplied to the column by the
reboiler at the bottom of the column is removed by the condenser at the top of the column.
Proper reboiler operation is vital to effective distillation. In a typical classical distillation column, all the
vapor driving the separation comes from the reboiler. The reboiler receives a liquid stream from the
column bottom and may partially or completely vaporize that stream. Steam usually provides the heat
required for the vaporization.
3.4.1 Starting a boiler
The following are operating procedure I took in starting a boiler:

The valve on water supply line was opened
I observed control lamp was observed to be on
The main steam valve was closed, and the auxiliary valve was opened
The fill switch was on to fill up the coil
The unit was fired when water started coming out of the auxiliary steam valve by put the FIRE switch on.
After the pressure of the steam that came out increased, the main steam valve was opened to send in
the steam and the auxiliary steam valve was closed.
3.4.2 Stopping a boiler
The following are operating procedure I took in stopping a boiler:

The steam stop valve was fully closed
The FIRE switch was off
Blow down of the boiler was done
The FILL switch was on to filled up the coil with water for the next operation
The electric main switch was put off
Dripped oil, water was cleaned off from the unit
The outlet valve of soft water tank and fuel oil service tank was closed
3.4.3 Blow down a boiler
The following are operating procedure of blowing down a boiler:

The main steam valve was closed
The FILL-O-FIRE switch on the control panel was put in off position
The blow down valve was fully opened
The blow down time was observed by measured the time the steam pressure dropped from 10kg/cm 2 to
2kg/cm2
The blow down valve was closed
The coil was cooled by filled the new water.
3.5 Compressors: a pump or other machine for reducing volume and increasing pressure of gases in
order to condense the gases, drive pneumatically powered machinery, etc
Picture
3.5.1 Air Compressor:An air compressor is a pneumatic device that converts power (using an electric
motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed
air). By one of several methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank,
increasing the pressure. When the tank's pressure reaches its engineered upper limit, the air
compressor shuts off. The compressed air, then, is held in the tank until called into use.[1] The kinetic
energy provided by the compressed air can be used for a variety of applications such as pneumatic tools
as it is released and the tank depressurizes. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air
compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the tank. An air compressor must be differentiated from a
pump because it works for any gas/air, while pumps work on a liquid.
Picture
Ammonia Compressor:The ammonia compressor's work principle is to provide a continuous flow of

ammonia gas in a closed loop system. The ammonia is compressed at a high pressure until it reaches the
second heat exchanger outlet. The ammonia is then saturated and discharged. This makes the system
cool and stable. The evaporator temperature of ammonia is 5deg F, while that of R-22 is 69deg F. This
makes the Refrigeration ammonia compressor more energy-efficient than the R-22 system. It requires
less energy to operate, and it reduces operating costs.
Anhydrous ammonia is a non-combustible chemical, but high concentrations of ammonia vapor can be
explosive. Likewise, any combustible materials in the system increase the fire hazard. Mercury can
combine with ammonia to form an unstable explosive compound. To mitigate this potential hazard,
ammonia compressors are often equipped with safety features. These features make them an excellent
choice for facilities that use ammonia in their processes.
Picture
3.5.2 Dry Compressor: As inferred from its name, this equipment works by cooling air down. This drying
process occurs through piping connected to an air compressor. They tend to achieve dew point levels of
2(C) to 10(C), and are fairly energy efficient.
Picture( Flow Chart)

3.6 Co2 Plants:CO2 is produced during fermentation of alcoholic beverages and used in tank counter-
pressure and dispensing systems. At higher levels, CO2 can become toxic or can suffocate workers by
displacing the oxygen from the air they breathe. Because it is heavier than air, CO2 can pool in low-lying
areas.
Where does CO2 for the beverage industry come from?
Carbon Dioxide in food and beverage processing
Much of it is produced in synthesis gas plants such as ammonia/ hydrogen production, in breweries
through the fermentation process, or, to a lesser level, combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas.
3.6.1 Techniques In CO2 Plant:There are three methods of CO2 capture: pre-combustion carbon capture,
post-combustion carbon capture, and the oxy-combustion carbon capture method.
Flow Chart Diagram:
3.6.2 :Preparation of MEA:MEA is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia.
Consumer uses include the manufacturing of electrical and electronic products, metal and paper
products, as well as personal care products. Monoethanolamine is a liquid packed in bulk (rail,
tanktruck, Isotank), totes (IBC tanks), and drums.
3.6.3 How is MEA Trapped:(CO2) is the main greenhouse gas that is leading to dramatic changes in
global warming and climate change. The concentration of this gas has increased significantly in the last
years, currently reaching values around 400 ppm. The industry accounts for almost 40% of worldwide
CO2 emissions, which is an important point of concern Several strategies are being considered in order
to reduce CO2 emissions: post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, oxyfuel combustion, and
electrochemical separation . A considerable list of large-large-scale integrated CO2 capture and storage
(CCS) projects in the stages of operation or execution can be found on the Global CCS Institute's
websitewhich is included Post-combustion plants are found in the execution (in construction) stage.
However, if the use of MEA is extended as the main solvent for CO2 capture in post-combustion
processes, an economic and environmental global impact will occur. Recent research is focused on the
use of this solvent in a more technically and economically effective way. The objective of this manuscript
is to show the global implications of using MEA as the main solvent for CO2 capture, and review briefly
the main research that is focused on the optimization of the MEA process as well as other strategies that
try to develop alternatives to the use of MEA. After reading this manuscript, the reader should have
developed an initial criterion on the implications of using MEA in a global scale and the degree of
current applicability of other alternatives.
3.7 Dissolving Sugar: 8000litres of water is been added after inspection of CIP,the agitator is been
control by the pump for stirring
Powered sugar dissolves faster in hot water than it does in cold water because hot water has more
energy than cold water.When water is heated,the molecules gain energy and this move faster.As they
move faster,they come in contact with the sugar more often causing it to dissolve faster.The Temp it
generates is 85 degree celcius.
Picture
3.7.1 Arrangement of Sugar:Wooden Pallets ( 40 bags each).
From the wall to the pole - one compartment
One compartment contain 1200 bags.
Categories of sugar used: Dangote,Golden penny and BUA.
900 bags of BUA,Golden penny (600) Truck.
3.7.2 Production if Simple Sugar :syrup rooms are complete plants used for the preparation of syrups
used in the production of the final beverage, such as:
soft drinks (carbonated and non-carbonated)
energy drinks
spritzers
juice beverages
cocktails and many more.
Our soft drink plants are used for the preparation of syrups used in the production of the final beverage.
ZIP designs and manufactures customized syrup rooms for the individual needs of our customers. Being
flexible in both process type and automation, we offer complete systems and individual parts to
manufacture all kinds of soft drinks for the beverage industry. ZIP syrup rooms are available with up to
60.000 liter per hour capacities. The whole system is manufactured 100% at our facility and each of its
components is made of AISI 316L quality stainless steel. The whole machinery complies with the strict
hygienic sanitary regulations of the industry.
The range of goods is slightly unlimited and switching between product types can be executed quickly
and easily. When it comes to the arrangement of syrup rooms, the most important factor is the
production concept. This can be carried out continuously and in batch format. The syrup room is
designed as a group of compact modular units that can be expanded if required.
Our soft drink plants consist of the following main elements
Container station
Sugar hopper
Continuous sugar dissolver
Powder dissolver tanks and station
Concentrate tank
Mixing tank
Sugar buffer tank
Syrup conveying system
CIP system
Automation :As with all automated ZIP machinery, syrup rooms run on our proprietary ZIPMATIC
software that makes processes easily traceable, customizable, reliable, and cost-efficient through recipe-
controlled product manufacturing. This system hardly requires any manual intervention for production
as the whole manufacturing process is automated. The process measurements and information can be
tracked on a graphic, user-friendly interface. Besides automation, the short conveying routes and the
high heat recovery levels help to reduce production losses and to assure the constant quality of the
product.
3.7.3 Batching Process:In case of batch dissolution systems, water is first loaded into the tank, then it is
heated to the dissolving temperature and then the sugar is added. Once that the whole sugar is at the
right temperature, the batch is unloaded.
3.8 CIP Station: A section in process area,where cleaning is taking place.CIP simply means clean in place
ie cleaning of the equipment without displacing.
3 Major Parameter when doing CIP
Time
Temperature
Concentration
3.8.1 3 Steps CIP
1st Step - Rinse Water ( Sterilization)
Purpose - To Clean the production pipes
To clean the production pipes in line 6.

To step 2
Hot water ( Open the steam to 85 degree celcius) send the water for 20mins.
To step 3
Warm water ( To cool the temp) to 40 degree to 35 degree.
3.8.2 5 Steps CIP
It Takes place after 72hrs( when line is running continuously),so it clean using 5 steps CIP.
1st Step
Sanitation
2nd Step
Charge the caustic and it will be transfer into our hot caustic tank.
Open the steam to 85 degree ,we send the hot caustic to line 6 for 20mins.
Then Jump to step 3
Rinse water will be send for 5mis then lock back.
Step 4
On the steam back to 94 ℃ and flush for 20 - 25 mins
Step 5
Warm water
5 mins to the line,drain their water 1st then send the warm water.
3.9 RAW MATERIAL WARE HOUSE
A raw material warehouse plays a key role in the manufacturing process: it stores materials until they
are needed on the production lines. Managing goods that are difficult to handle — e.g., plastics, abrasive
materials and liquid components — makes stages such as storage and order picking more complex.
Effectively designing your facility and flows of goods to production can ensure the uninterrupted supply
of raw material to the manufacturing lines.
A raw material warehouse is a facility that stores components or materials that will subsequently be
used on production lines to manufacture products. These types of centres house unprocessed goods,
i.e., those that haven’t undergone a production process. Besides storing raw material, these facilities are
charged with ensuring the smooth supply of goods to the production lines.
Raw material warehouses are usually located near the manufacturing area to speed up the movement
of products. In supply-chain procurement, syncing logistics facilities with production centres is essential
for efficient operations.
Raw material storage calls for maximum inventory control: determining the amount of stock necessary
and making sure that materials are received regularly are decisive factors for supplying the production
lines nonstop.
Product Traceability :Interlake Mecalux, Warehouse solutions
Home > Mecalux News > Blog - Logistics & Supply Chain Trends > Warehouse Management Solutions >
Warehouse Organisation & Design > How to organise a raw material warehouse
A raw material warehouse supplies materials to the production lines
How to organise a raw material warehouse
4-min read.
What is a raw material warehouse?
lines nonstop.
Product traceability — a basic requirement in any logistics facility — is especially critical in a raw
material warehouse. The logistics manager must know the exact location of all the goods to guarantee
quality standards in the production process.
In these facilities, raw materials are deposited into different types of unit loads, mainly boxes,
containers, or pallets. When planning the design of the centre and the storage systems, it’s important to
take into account variables like the type of goods to be housed, the company’s manufacturing needs and
product demand.The ware house layout design is crucial for supplying production. This is because
properly distributing the space facilitates storage and the movement of goods to the manufacturing
lines.
Interlake Mecalux, Warehouse solutions
Home > Mecalux News > Blog - Logistics & Supply Chain Trends > Warehouse Management Solutions >
Warehouse Organisation & Design > How to organise a raw material warehouse
A raw material warehouse supplies materials to the production lines
How to organise a raw material warehouse
4-min read.
What is a raw material warehouse?

lines nonstop.
Product traceability — a basic requirement in any logistics facility — is especially critical in a raw
material warehouse. The logistics manager must know the exact location of all the goods to guarantee
quality standards in the production process.
In these facilities, raw materials are deposited into different types of unit loads, mainly boxes,
containers, or pallets. When planning the design of the centre and the storage systems, it’s important to
take into account variables like the type of goods to be housed, the company’s manufacturing needs and
product demand. The warehouse layout design is crucial for supplying production. This is because
properly distributing the space facilitates storage and the movement of goods to the manufacturing
lines.
What are the objectives of a raw material warehouse?
A raw material warehouse should have clearly defined objectives to enable the following:
Preserve the materials’ quality and safety standards. The facility should be outfitted with systems that
keep the raw materials in good condition and move them to the production lines safely.
Control stock management. The warehouse should have tools that provide tight control of available
inventory and minimise the risk of stockouts in the production plant. The logistics manager must
monitor metrics such as safety stock (additional goods stored for contingencies) and the reorder point
(when to purchase more products from a supplier and in what quantity).
Ensure the supply of raw materials. The warehouse receives goods from suppliers and dispatches them
when a production order is issued requesting that raw material. The facility should be configured to
adapt to manufacturing needs and guarantee supply to the production lines.
Examples of raw material warehouses
The main logistics function of a raw material warehouse is to maintain a continuous flow of goods to the
production lines. In these centres, it’s standard practice to replace conventional handling equipment
with automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS). Examples are stacker cranes for pallets or boxes,
which expedite the movement of raw materials.
Raw material warehouse: the step to effective production
Setting up raw material warehouses near production lines fosters streamlined supply-chain
procurement: it enables continuous flows of goods between the storage and manufacturing areas.
Work Done in the Ware House are:
1) Introducing to standard operating procedure of receiving, storing, and dispensing of raw material
2) Receiving of 200bags of Caustic
3) Checking the physical appearance of the raw material received
4) Carrying the raw material into quarantine section where samples were taken by QC for analysis
5)Stocking of raw material in the store
3.9.1 Packaging Material Ware House
Works done in packaging material warehouse are.

1)Introducing to standard operating procedure of receiving, storing, and dispensing of packaging
material
2)Receiving of 5bags of labelling.
3) Checking the physical appearance of the materials received.
4)Carrying the packaging material into quarantine section where products were taken by QC for analysis.
5) Stocking of packaging material in the store.

3.9.2 Finish Goods Ware House:
In finished goods warehouse, the finished goods were kept until there is buyer. Activities done by me in
finished good warehouse includes.
1.Introducing to standard operating procedure of receiving, storing, and selling of finished goods
2.Storing of product received.

CHAPTER FOUR
EXPERIENCE GAINED AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
4.1 Experience Gained
My experience gained was from the 3 different types of personal skills: Social, Cognitive, and Intellectual
skills.
4.1.1 Personal skills
The following are the personal skills I gained during my internship:

Communication
Interpersonal
Collaboration
Adaptability
4.1.2 Cognitive skills
These are the cognitive skills I gained:

Critical Thinking.
Research and Analysis.
Initiative.
Time Management.
4.1.3 Intellectual skills
The following are grouped under intellectual skills which are: Theoretical and practical experiences.
4.1.3.1 Theoretical experience
The following are my theoretical experiences at the office, divided into the following departments:
The following are my theoretical experiences at the office, divided into the following departments:
a. Purified water treatment plant

The following are my theoretical experiences at the purified water treatment plant:
Pressure sand filter
Activated carbon filter
Backwashing and rinsing
Ion exchange water treatment
Resins, types of resins and how they were used in water treatment
Working principle of a mixed bed
Regeneration process
Micron filter and ultraviolet light system
b. Effluent treatment plant

The following are the theories learnt in ETP
Sludge and sludge bed
Aeration effluent treatment
Types of aerators
Chemicals removed by aeration.
C) Production
1) Production of Simple Sugar
2) Production of Pepsi,Seven up,Mirinda,Chiefmalt,Lipton,Aquafina Water.
3) The materials use for mixing are critic acid,sodium benzoate,sucrose ,caffine.
4.2 Challenges Encountered
The following are the challenges I encountered:
1 Obtaining of industry placement is quite difficult due to congestion and bureaucracy in most
organizations, and the lack of formidable existing industry partnerships between the university and key
industry players.
2.Lack of dexterities or flexibility in responsibilities given to interns.
3.Access to executives/authorities is nearly impossible.

4.Emphasis on errands being the major phase of learning rather than the standard phase of learning.
5.Problematic situations that warrant high tasking knowledge capacity were not coming forth.
6.Being only engineering student.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
My four months field experience was practically intensive and enlightening as I was exposed to the
practical aspect of many theories. I appreciate been given the opportunity to learn better and I also
commend the teams in charge of this experience. I benefited a lot in the field attachment in a way I
managed to apply the theoretical knowledge from the university into practice through the many
activities/tasks/assignments I was instructed to do. I got different ideas from the different people
(employees) at the Organization and through interacting with other interns and this contributed a lot on
the knowledge and experience.
Finally, my internship was fun and therefore I would encourage that the school continues to give
students this opportunity to do their academic requirement of internship from this organization. At the
conclusion of this program, certain ideas, and myth i heard about the beverage and personal care
industry was debunked. I found it to be an interesting branch of beverage practice that is almost always
exciting with bundles of knowledge to uncover every step of the way, and the potential adaptability to
change and development.
5.2 Recommendations
5.2.1 SIWES
1.SIWES has always been a platform for the formation of competent and productive technical
manpower for the economy
2.The establishment of a national commission of student industrial training or a national board for
cooperative education should be proposed to oversee the implementation of SIWES at the national
level.
3.The federal government should make adequate provision in the annual budget for proper funding of
SIWES. A view of the potential of the scheme to enhance the quality of the pool of technical skills
available to the economy
4.The stipulation that employers should accept students for SIWES should be strengthened.
5.The ITF should ensure that the back log in payment of student allowance is cleared urgently to remove
the negative image being created for SIWES
6.Tertiary institutions need to put more efforts in securing quality places of industrial.
5.2.2 SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY PLC
1.Job enlargement: The management should see to it that they carry out job enlargement and
enrichment such that it mitigates the conflict amongst employees for roles and tasks. This will ensure
good industrial relations between the supervisors and subordinates at the organization.
2.There should be more opportunities for students to do internship in the organization.
3.Serious supervision to the workers and students: The organization should increase and ensure more
supervision over the employees to work effectively and also eliminate workers who relax, work lazily
and perform actively after seeing their supervisors.
4.I would like to suggest for Human Resource to provide a meeting with student weekly or monthly to
ensure the welfare of the students are not ignored. It is important for ensuring the health, welfare, and
fitness of students in the company.
5.Graduate Trainee Programme.
5.2.3 University
1.Constant supervision of students: I recommend the university to carry out constant supervision and
monitoring of students during the internship training to encourage them to perform the duties fully and
accurately. This will also put a close link between the academic supervisors and the field supervisors to
foster appropriate assessment of what interns are doing in the field.
2.Secure Internship placements for students: The University should help students to secure internship
positions according to their respective programs undertaken at the University through giving students
recommendations to ease their training periods and avoid the ache gotten by students in search of
internship placements.

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INDUSTIAL TRAINING REPORT

STUDENTS' INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

SEVEN UP BOTTLING COMPANY,IKEJA.

ADELEKE NOHEEMOT ENIOLA

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,OGBOMOSHO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

1.1 Background of Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme

1.1.2 Supervisor agencies ( NUC,NBTE and NCCE) 2

1.1.4 The Institution 2

1.2 Aims and Objectives of Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme 3

1.4 Board of Directors 4

1.4.1 Departments in the organization 5

1.4.2 Mission of the Company 6

1.4.3 Motto of Seven up 6

1.4.4 The companys' products 7

1.4.5 Production Flow chart 8

1.5 Safety Equipment 9

1.6 Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) 9

2.1 Seven Up Bottling Company

2.1.1 Water Treatment Plant

2.1.1.1 Definition of Some terms in water treatment

2.1.1.2 Ion exchange as a method of treating water

2.1.2 Effluent treatment

2.1.2.1 Chemicals use for sewage treatment

2.1.2.2 Aeration Treatment

2.1.2.3 Stages of aeration treatment

2.1.2.4 Chemicals removed by area

2.1.3.1 Working Principle of a boiler

2.1.3.2 Revomax steam generator

2.1.3.3 Boiler blow down and blow time

2.1.4 Pumps and Compressor

2.1.4.3 Difference Between Pumps and Compressor

2.1.4.4 Types of Compressors

2.1.4.5 Types of Pumps

2.1.5 Air Dryer

2.1.5.1 Air Receiver Tank

2.1.6.1 ARV or ARC Valve

2.1.6.3 Breather Valves

2.1.6.4 Butterfly Valves

2.1.6.5 Gate Valves

2.1.6.6 Globe Valves

2.1.6.7 Plug Valves

2.2 Reverse Osmosis

2.2.1 Equipment and Facilities use in reverse osmosis plant

2.2.2 Air Binding

2.3 Laboratories in the operation control department

2.3.1 Central Laboratory

2.3.2 POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE LABORATORY

2.3.2.1 Analysis Carried Out in Pet Lab

2.3.3 Returnable Glass Bottles Laboratory

2.3.3.1 Analysis Carried Out in RGB Lab

2.3.4 Microbiology Laboratory2.3.4.1 Analysis Carried Out in Microlab

ACTUAL WORK ( METHODOLOGY)

3.1.1 Functions of the media tanks

3.1.1.1 Reaction Tank

3.1.1.2 Buffer Tank

3.1.1.3 Sand Filter Tank

3.1.1.4 Iron and Mangenese removal Tank

3.1.1.5 Activated Carbon Tank

3.1.1.6 Micron Polishers Tank

3.1.1.7 UV Light Tank

3.2 Regeneration Process

3.2.1 Sand Filter Back Washing