Engineering Manual

ENGINEERING
DRAWING
STANDARDS
and
MANUAL
PREFACE
T h e T BS In du str ial Ser vice s In c. E ng i ne e r i n g D r aw i n g S t a nd a r d s Ma n ua l i s th e o ffi c ia l

s o u r c e f o r th e r e q u i r e m e n t s an d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s t o b e u se d i n t h e d e ve l o p m e n t
an d p r e s e n t a t i o n o f e n g i n e e r i n g d r a w i n g s an d r e l a t e d d o cu m e n t a t i o n f o r t h e T B S .
Al l Engi neeri ng desi gn under TBS Industrial Services Inc. shal l adhere t o t h e requi rem e nt s of this
m a nual when prepari ng engi neeri ng docum ent a t i on.
C o m m e n t s o r i n q u i r i e s c o n c e r n i n g t h i s m a n u a l sh o u l d b e d i r e c t e d t o t h e E n g i n e e r i n g
Department of TBS.
Head of Engi neeri ng

ENGINEERING DRAWING STANDARDS MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
Thi s drawi ng st andards m a nual est a bl i s hes t h e convent i ons t o be adhered t o by engi neeri ng and draft
i ng personnel i n t h e preparat i on, revi si on, and com p l e t i on of engineering drawings. This m a nual
sets fo r th th e m i ni m u m re qu ir e m e n ts accep tab l e for t h e preparat i on of engi neeri ng drawi ngs for
Fire Protection System, Gas and Air System, Water Supply System,Power and Energy & Safety and Security System.
The requi rem e nt s speci fi ed herei n are essent i a l t o t h e st andardi zat i on of pract i ces and t o a uni form
i n t e rpret a t i on of drawi ngs.
A s y s t e m , o r c o m p o n e n t a ss e m b l y sh a l l b e c o m p l e t e l y d e f i n e d b y m e an s o f d r a w i n gs , i n c l
udi ng l i s t s , s ch e m a t i c s , w i r i n g d i ag r a m s , an d sp e c i f i c a t i o n s , t o e n su r e t h a t co m
p o n e n t s, installation and f ab r ic ati o n ar e i n ac co r d an c e w it h t h e d e si gn . T h e d o cu m e n ta ti o n
in f o r m ati o n sh a l l s e r v e a s a p e r m an e n t r e c o r d .
Those docum ents shall reflect the characteristics and acceptance criteria for all m a terials, component/parts,
subsystem s , and the com p lete system . The acceptance criteria for parts and m a terials shall be sp
e ci fi e d b y st an d ar d specifications when applicable.
Engi neeri ng drawi ngs are defi ned as t hose drawi ngs t h at com m uni cat e t h e requi rem e nt s f o r t h e
project implementation , t h e i r a ss e m b l y , an d t h e i r i n st a l l a t i o n i n t h e e n d p r o d u c t .
Although generally in accordance with the NFPA and industry practices and procedures, t h i s drawi ng st
andards m a nual does cont ai n speci fi c di fferences. Thi s m a nual , whi l e not i n t e n d e d a s a m a n u a l o f i
n st r u c t i o n i n t h e b as i c p r i n c i p l e s o f d r af t i n g , d o e s se t f o r t h t h e m i ni m u m re qu ir e m e n ts
acce p tab l e. On e o f th o s e r e q u i r e m e n ts i s th a t p e r so n s e n g age d i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f d r a w i
n g s sh a l l h av e a t h o r o u g h u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f d r af t i n g an d ge o m
e t r i ca l d i m e n s i o n i n g an d t o l e r an c i n g ( i n ac co r d an c e w it h A N S I, D i me ns i o n i n g an d T o l e ra nc i
n g ) i n order t o produce i n t e rpret a bl e drawi ngs.
DRAWING ELEMENTS
Drawing Sizes
The fol l o wi ng t a bl e defi nes t h e st andard drawi ng si zes, and t h ei r l e t t e r desi gnat i ons t o be used at
TBS Industrial Services Inc:
Table of Paper Sizes From 4A0 to A10 – Figure 1

Size Height x Width (mm) Height x Width (in)
4A0 2378 x 1682 mm 93.6 x 66.2 in
2A0 1682 x 1189 mm 66.2 x 46.8 in
A0 1189 x 841 mm 46.8 x 33.1 in
A1 841 x 594 mm 33.1 x 23.4 in
A2 594 x 420 mm 23.4 x 16.5 in
A3 420 x 297 mm 16.5 x 11.7 in
A4 297 x 210 mm 11.7 x 8.3 in
A5 210 x 148 mm 8.3 x 5.8 in
A6 148 x 105 mm 5.8 x 4.1 in
A7 105 x 74 mm 4.1 x. 2.9 in
A8 74 x 52 mm 2.9 x 2.0 in
A9 52 x 37 mm 2.0 x 1.5 in
A10 37 x 26 mm 1.5 x 1.0 in
To obtain paper sizes in centimetres, convert mm
values to cm by dividing by 10 and in feet by
dividing inch values by 12.
Notes:
N o t i n c l u s i v e o f ad d e d p r o t e c t i v e m a r g i n s o f a t l e a s t 2 i n ch e s o n b o t h e n d s o f r o l l siz e
d r awin gs .
1.2. Multisheet Drawings
Mu ltish eet d r awin g s are p e rm itted in all sizes.
a. T h e fi r s t sh ee t o f a m u lti s h e e t d r awi n g sh al l alway s c o n t ai n t h e co m p le t e T itl e bl

o ck , Li st o f M a t e r i a l , R e v i s i o n B l o c k , an d ge n e r a l n o t e s.
b . A l l sh e e ts o f m u lti s h e e t d r awi n g s sh al l b e o f t h e sa m e le tt e r siz e . Us e o f m u lti s h e e t

d r aw in g s sh al l b e f o u n d t o b e ad van ta ge o u s f o r ce r t ai n t yp e s o f sc h e m a t i c s an d d i ag r a m s .
c. T h e sh e e t s o f si z e d r a w i n g s m a y b e an y o f t h e ab o ve - n o t e d l e n g t h s an d m a y b e
i n t e r m i x e d i n d i ff e r e n t l e n g t h s .
d . Sh e e t n u m b e r i n g f o r a l l f i r st sh e e t s sh a l l i n c l u d e t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f sh e e t s, a s “ SH E E T
1 O F 1 , ” “ S HE E T 1 O F 2 , ” e t c . N u m b e r in g o f co n ti n u a ti o n sh e e t s sh al l b e li m ite d to stati n g
th e sp e cifi c sh ee t nu m b e r (e .g. , “ SHE E T 2 , ”
“SHEET 3”) without specifying the total num ber of sheets.
1.3. Zoning
V e r t i ca l an d h o r i z o n t a l z o n i n g m a y b e u se d i f n e c e s sar y t o p r o v i d e o r i e n t a t i o n t o th e fi e l d
of d r awi n g s . Z o n i n g i s m a n d a to r y f o r m u lti s h ee t d r awi n g s siz e a n d la r ge r an d
s in g le - sh e e t d r a win g s s iz e. Z o n e s sh al l b e i d e n ti fi e d b y alp h ab e ti c a l ( u p p e r ca se ) an d n um
e r ica l en tr ie s i n th e m a r gi n sp ace s a s in d icate d i n F i gu r e 1 . Z o n e si z e s were indicated and shall be
followed depending on the requirements of the client.
1.4. Title Block and Revision Block
T itl e b l o c k s a n d re v i si o n b l o c k s sh al l b e p r e p are d a n d c o m p le te d a s f o ll o ws:
T h e T itl e b l o c k o f si n g l e- s h e e t d r awi n g s , fi r s t sh ee t s o f m u lti s h ee t d r awi n g s , a n d r e v i si o n

bl ocks
Figure 2: Sample “Title and Revision Block” (Enlarged View) for Dimensional System/Millimeters
1
7
3 7 1 1
2 3 5 1 6
6 1 1 1 1
4
2 3 5 8
1 8 1
0 14
9
ITEM GE10025 PADDLE ASSEMBLY SHOWN
NO. REQD 00-1
REQD DESCRIPTION MATERIAL MATERIAL SPEC & NO.
PART NO.
Notes:
(a) Paint, adhesives, and protective c oatings shall appear in note form. (b) Hardware shall appear in List of
Material with required quantity.
(c) “A/R” shall be used in REQD column when same material (same material specification and condition) appears
more than once in different sizes in th e fi e l d o f th e d r awin g .
(d) “A/R” may be used to indicate large quantities of rivets.
(e) A material specification shall onl y appear once in the List of Material unless material conditions vary or a
Shown and Opposite part is
required. Sheet and plate shall not be listed as separate items.
Companny Logo, name, address and contact number
Figure 3: Examples of “List of Material”
1.5. Drawing Format
The drawi ng form at for t h e drawi ng si zes l i s t e d on page 3, i n cl udi ng zoni ng, drawi ng num bers,
securi t y cl assi fi cat i on, et c., i s shown i n Fi gure 1, page 4.
Professional Engineer Designation
Tax i dent i fi ca t ion N umbe r
Sheet Contents / Drawing Scale

PRC registration number
Checked by :/ Approved by:

CAD Engineer / Operator
Job Order Number

Revision Number
Drawing Number
Project Location
PTR Num be r
P l a c e I s s u ed
Design Engineer
Sheet Number
X-673-64-1F REV 001 DEC. ‘94 GODDA RD SPA CE FLIGHT CENTER, Greenbelt, Mary land
Client’s Name
Date Issued
Project title
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
11
1.
2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Drawing Title
Ge n e r a l i n fo r m ati o n f o r t h e se le cti o n o r d e v e l o p m e n t o f a d r awi n g ti tl e i s a s f o ll o ws:
The title should be as brief as possible but should co n tai n su ffi cie n t
i n f o r m a t i o n t o ca t e go r i z e t h e p ar t p r o p e r l y an d t o d i st i n gu i sh i t f r o m o t h e r si m ila r par ts .
T h e d r awi n g ti tl e sh al l co n s ist o f t h e fo ll o wi n g :
1. Ident i f y i ng noun or noun phrase.
2 . T h e m o s t s i gn i f i can t m o d i f i e r o r m o d i f y i n g p h r ase .
3 . T h e n e xt m o st si gn i f i c an t m o d i f i e r o r m o d i f y i n g p h r a se .
T h e n o u n o r n o u n p h r as e e s t a b l i s h e s a b as i c c o n c e p t o f a n i t e m . T h e m o d ifi e r s s e r v e t o
n a r r o w th e a r e a o f c o n c e p t e st a b l i s h e d b y t h e b as i c n a m e . A m o d i f i e r i s se p ar a t e d f r o m t
h e n o u n o r n o u n p h r as e b y a c o m m a an d f r o m any preceding m odifier by a com m a . The type
designator and/or any ad d i t i o n a l m o d i f i e r s r e q u i r e d t o f u r t h e r i d e n t i f y a n i t e m ar e se p ar a t e
d f r o m th e fi r s t p a r t o f th e ti tl e b y a d a sh . W h er e a p p lica b le , th e w o r d “A SSE MBLY ” shal l
be used as t h e l a st word of t h e noun phrase.
“ C ab i n e t , E l e c t r i ca l E q u i p m e n t—Fire Pump System”
The noun, or noun phrase, i s never abbrevi a t e d. Abbrevi a t i ons are used i n t h e m od ifi er s on l y
wh e n sp ac e i s li m ite d
W h en one drawi ng supersedes anot her, t h e new drawi ng, when pract i cal , has t h e sa m e ti tle .
P are n t h e se s ar e n o t u s e d to e n cl o s e a n y p o r ti o n o f th e d r awi n g ti tle .
Program nam e s (or abbrevi a t i ons) shoul d be added t o t h e “Used On” bl ock and
n o t t h e Titl e b l o c k ; e x ce p ti o n s ar e o n th e fi n a l o r to p asse m b l y d r awi n g .
Abbreviations
The purpose of t h i s sect i on i s t o provi de a l i s t of aut hori zed abbrevi a t i ons for use on drawi ngs and
associ at ed docum ent s . W h en used, abbrevi a t i ons and acrony m s shall be in accordance with TBS
Engineering notes.
Up p e rcase Go th ic letters sh all b e u s ed .
A b b r e v i a t i o n s f o r w o r d c o m b i n a t i o n s (e .g . , M M C—Ma x i m u m M a t e r i a l C o n d i t i o n ) sh a l l
b e u s e d a s su c h an d s h a l l n o t b e se p ar a t e d f o r u s e si n g l y . Sin gl e ab b r e vi ati o n s m a y
be c o m b in e d wh e n n e c e s sar y .
T h e s a m e ab b r e v i a t i o n sh a l l b e u s e d f o r al l te n se s , th e p o sse ssiv e cas e an d th e si n gu l a r an d

p l u r a l f o r m s o f a gi ve n w o r d .
Abbreviations should be used only to save space or tim e, but never at the expense of cl ari t y .
P e ri o d s sh al l b e u s e d wit h a b b r e v iati o n s t h a t sp e l l e n ti r e w o r d s t o p r o v i d e cl ari t y

an d t o a vo i d m i si n t e r p r e t a t i o n .
The following abbreviations are acceptabl e t o use an d ar e “ ind u str y- re late d ” associ at i ons.
ANSI Am erican Natio n a l Stan d a rd In stitu te

ASME Am erican Society of Mechanical Engineers
A ST M A m er ica n So cie t y f o r T e s t i n g an d M a t e r i a l s
IEEE Institute of Electrical a n d E le ct r o n i c E n gin e e r s , In c .
ISO Int e rnat i onal Organi zat i on for St andardi zat i on/
NEMA National Electrical Ma n u f a ct u r e r s A ss o c iati o n
NSA Nat i onal St andards Associ at i on, Inc.
List of Material
Requirements on the Body of the Draw ing
Each p a rt listed in th e List o f Material (Parts List) m u st b e i d e n t i f i e d a t l e a s t o n c e b y a n It e m

( F i n d ) N u m b e r o n t h e b o d y o f t h e d r a w i n g (e xc e p t s i n g l e i t e m d r a w i n g s an d sh o w n an d
o p p o s i t e i t e m d r aw i n gs ) .
No te:
Parts shall be bracketed, indica ti n g r e f e r e n c e , w h e n t h e y a r e i d e n t i f i e d b y n u m b e r an d a r e n o t

n o t e d i n t h e L i s t o f M a t e r i a l . Su c h p a r t s a r e sh o w n i n p h an t o m . R e p e a t e d i t e m n u m b e r s
sh a l l b e indicated as reference either within b r a ck e t s o r b y th e wo r d “ R E F . ”
Requirements in the List of Material
a. T h e Lis t o f Mate r ia l i s a lis t o f al l p a r t s a n d m a te r ial s calle d o u t o n t h e d r a w i n g .
b . T h e q u a n ti ty o f p a r ts n o t e d i n th e Lis t o f Mate r ia l i s th e n u m b e r re q u i re d to c o m
p le te t h e n o t e d asse m b ly.
c. W h e n a n e w d r a w i n g i s m a d e , a l l p a r t s i n t h e L i s t o f M a t e r i a l
shoul d be grouped as t o t y pe, su ch as dash num ber (for shown and opposi t e assem b l i e s.
d. Quantities of Bulk Item s and placem ent:
Notes on Drawings
Inform at i on ot her t h an pi ct ori a l vi ews and di m e nsi ons necessary for com p l e t i ng a drawing is
classified as “notes.” The t w o t y pes of not e form s are General Not e s and Local Character Notes. Note s
on a drawing take precedence over speci fi cat i on requi rem e nt s; hence, not es confl i c t i ng wi t h
referenced sp e cifi cati on s sh al l no t b e p lace d o n a d r a win g u n le s s t h e y ar e n e ce ss ar y f o r d e v i a t i
o n s f r o m c e r t a i n p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e sp e c i f i c a t i o n .
Security Classification
The security classification “ T o p Se cr e t , ” “ Se cr e t , ” o r “ C o n f i d e n t i a l ” sh a l l b e l o c a t e d o n t h e

d r aw i n g a s n o t e d.
E ach sh e e t o f a m u lti s h ee t d r awi n g sh al l b e i n d i v i d u a ll y classifi e d a s to its con te n ts . T h e

se cu r it y st a m p o n e ac h sh e e t sh al l b e th a t o f t h e h i gh e s t c l a ss i f i ca t i o n f o r an y
i t e m sh o w n o n t h a t i n d i vi d u a l sheet , not t h e general overal l cl assi fi cat i on of t h e ent i r e set of
drawi ngs or t h e end i t e m . On rol l - si ze drawi ngs, t h e securi t y cl assi fi cat i on shal l be shown on
t h e reverse si de at bot h ends of t h e drawi ngs next t o t h e drawi ng num ber t o enabl e t h e
cl assi fi cat i on t o be seen without unrolling the drawing.
A w ar n in g n o t e sh a l l b e in clu d e d ad jacen t to th e se cu r it y classification located above the Title

block and shall read as fo llo ws:
Note Location
Notes of general character that d o n o t r e q u i r e l e ad e r s t o i n d i ca t e where t h ey appl y , and for whi c

h provi si on has not been m a de i n t h e suppl em ent a ry bl ocks of t h e drawi ng form at , shal l be l o cat
ed i n t h e fol l o wi ng order of preference:
A d jac e n t t o th e u p p e r le f t b o r d e r an d t o th e le f t o f al l vie ws .
I m m e d i a t e l y t o t h e l e f t o f t h e r e v i si o n b l o ck .
Adjacent to the lower left bor der or below the revision block, space being left for extending th e revision
block downward.
This location should be avoided wh en e ve r pr acti ca l b e cau s e th e space required for revisions cannot be
anticipated.
Numbering of Notes
General not es are num bered consecut i v el y downward. Not e n u m b e r s m a y b e i d e n t i f i e d o n th

e f i e l d o f t h e d r aw i n g b y p l a ci n g t h e n o t e n u m b e r i n a p e n n an t - sh ap e d f l a g a t t h e ge n e r a l
n o t e l o c a t i o n an d i n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r a w i n g , o r i n t h e L i s t o f M a t e r i a l (Material Sp
ecificatio n co lu m n ), wh ich e v e r lo catio n is m o re ap p r o p r i a t e .
Note Examples
The following notes are listed as representative exam ples and shoul d be used on Engi neeri ng Drawi ngs
when appl i cabl e .
Si g n i fi ca n t i n f o r m ati o n i s to b e in s e r t e d w h e r e b lan k( s ) ar e i n d i c a t e d an d , f o r m o s t ca se s ,
t h e n o t a t i o n s i n p a r e n t h e se s a r e f o r i n f o r m a t i o n o n l y . ( W h e n n o t ap p l i c ab l e , d o n o t u s e
i n not e).
Use either of the following statem e n t s a s m a i n h e ad in g f o r n o t e s : “Except as noted” or “Unless

otherwise specified.”
Dimension Notes
ALL DIMENSIONS APPLY AFTER SURFACE TREATMENT.
DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
Local Character Notes
No tes o f lo cal ch aracter, su ch as d r ill n o t es, th read n o t es, etc., th at require leaders to indicate the
feat u r es to wh ich th ey ap p l y, sh all be located in the field of the dr awing in positions adjacent to such
f eatu r e s . E ach no t e sh al l stat e t h e num ber of feat ures t o whi c h i t
app lie s un le s s a le ad e r i s d r a w n t o e a c h f e a tu r e .
General Dimensional Tolerance Notes
The general t o l e rances ent e red i n t h e suppl em ent a ry port i on of t h e T itl e b l o c k sh al l c o n t r o l

al l d i m e n s i o n s a p p lie d to t h e d r awi n g , except those specifically labeled “Max , ” “ M in , ” “ R e f , ”
“ D at u m , ” o r “B asi c ,” or di m e nsi ons havi ng t o l e rances appl i e d di rect l y t h eret o, or di m e nsi ons
cont rol l e d by not es or docum ent s i nvoked on t h e drawi ng. General t o l e rances m a y be changed t o
t h e preval ent t o l e r an ce s t h a t ar e r e q u i r e d b y t h e d r aw i n g t y p e . T h i s i s d o n e b y st r i k i
n g t h r o u g h t h e t o l e r an c e an d i n s e r t i n g t h e n e w t o l e r an c e beneat h t h e ol d. In t h e case
where m e t r i c t o l e ranci ng i s requi red, see Sect i on 10.2, subparagraph i , for general t o l e rances.
Specification Callouts
N o r m a l l y , o n l y t h e b a s i c d o cu m e n t n u m b e r o f a sp e c i f i c a t i o n sh o u l d b e sh o w n o n t h e d r
awi n g , i n wh ich case , t h e late s t iss u e i n e ff e c t a t th e ti m e o f i n v itati o n t o bi d shal l be i m
posed i n al l procurem ent act i ons. C h anges t o t h e speci fi cat i on occurri ng subsequent t o t h e t i m e
of i nvi t a t i on t o bi d shal l not be i m posed i n current procurem ent act i ons unl ess t h e drawi ng i s
revi sed t o show t h e new i ssue by basi c docum ent num ber, revi si ons, am e ndm ent , and/ or dat e and
current procurem e nt act i ons am ended t o speci fy t h e new drawi ng revi si on or Engi neeri ng Order (CD).
If t h e basi c docum ent num ber, revi si on, am endm ent , and/ or dat e of a speci fi cat i on are shown on a
drawi ng, onl y t h at part i c ul ar i ssue shal l be i m posed i n al l p r o c u r e m e n t a ct i o n s . C h an g e s t o t h
e sp e c i f i ca t i o n o cc u r r i n g su b se q u e n t t o t h e t i m e o f i n vi t a t i o n t o b i d sh a l l n o t b e i m
p o se d i n e i t h e r c u r r e n t o r f u t u r e procurem ent act i ons unl ess t h e drawi ng i s revi sed t o s how t h
e new i ssue by basi c docum ent num ber, revi si on, am endm ent , and/ or dat e and current procurem ent
a ct i o n s a m e n d e d t o sp e c i f y t h e n e w d r a w i n g r e v i s i o n o r E O .
R e ga r d l e s s o f wh e t h e r a sp e c i f i ca t i o n i s sh o w n o n t h e d r aw i n g b y b as i c d o cu m e n t n u m b e r
o n l y o r b y a p a r t i c u l a r i ssu e , su p e r s e d i n g sp e c i f i ca t i o n s (n e w n u m b e r ) shal l not be i m posed
i n ei t h er current or fut u re procurem ent act i ons unl ess t h e drawi ng i s revi sed t o show t h e new
basi c docum ent num ber and, i f appl i cabl e , i s su e an d c u r r e n t p r o cu r e m e n t ac t i o n s a m e n d e d t o
sp e c i f y t h e n e w d r a w i n g r e v i si o n o r E O.
DRAFTING PRACTICES
General
These drafting practices are to be em ploy ed i n t h e preparat i on of drawi ngs by T BS En gin ee r in g

p er so nn e l to ach ie v e co m m on alit y th r o u gh o u t an d r e su l t i n le g ib l e r e p r o d u c t i o n s a t t h e l
e a s t c o s t f r o m o r i g i n a l d r aw i n gs .
D r aw i n g s m u s t b e co m p l e t e an d u n a m b i gu o u s i n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . C o m p l e t e drawi ngs cont

ai n or m a ke reference t o al l dat a necessary for fabri cat i ng and i n st al l i ng t h e part and, when appl i
cabl e , t h e necessary t e st requi rem e nt s, procurem ent requi rem e nt s, and source.
Thi r d-angl e ort hographi c project i on shal l be used for m echani cal engi neeri ng drawi ngs. (C ert a i n di
agram s , schem a t i c s, et c., are except e d.) Al t hough ot her t y p e s o f p r o j e c t i o n , su c h a s i s o m e t r i
c , p e r sp e c t i v e , e t c . , a r e n o t p r o h i b i t e d , t h e i r u s e m u st b e c o n f i n e d to a n a u x iliar y v i e w
o n a d r awi n g o f a c o m p le x p a r t wh e n such a view shall aid in visualizing the part.
Drawi ngs need not have t h ree vi ews, (i .e., one or t w o vi ews are perm i ssi bl e for o b j e c t s t h a t ca n
b e c o m p l e t e l y d e f i n e d ) . C o m p l e m e n t a r y n o t e s o r d i m e n si o n s a r e accep tab l e i n plac e o f
th e add iti on a l vie ws . Th e r u l e sh al l b e th a t o nl y th o s e vi e w s sh a l l b e d r a w n t h a t a r e
n e ce ss ar y t o c o n v e y t h e r e q u i r e d ch a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f th e p a r t. V ie ws , d i m e n s i o n s , e tc. , sh
al l n o t e x te n d i n to th e m a r g i n s o f t h e drawi ng.
Lines
Acceptable quality of reproductions is depe ndent on the density and uniform ity of l i n e wo r k ( an d l e t t
e r i n g) . T y p e s o f l i n e s d e sc r i b e d h e r e i n a r e m e r e l y l i n e co n ve n - ti o n s , bu t i n e ve r y case ,
e ach typ e o f li n e sh al l b e o p aq u e a n d o f u n if o r m wi d t h and shal l be used on al l drawi ngs ot her
t h an diagram s , such as schem a tics, etc.
Ink Lines and Plotted Lines
Li nes, whet her hand-drawn or pl ot t e d, shal l be opaque and of uniform width for each type of line. Two
widths of lines, i.e., thin an d t h i c k , w i t h t h e i r w i d t h s i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n s o f 1 : 2 , sh a l l b e
u s e d . T h e ac tu a l w id t h o f e a c h t yp e o f lin e sh al l b e go ver n e d b y th e siz e a n d styl e o f th e d
r awi n g .
Pencil Lines
Penci l l i n es shal l be opaque and of uni form wi dt h t h roughout t h ei r l e ngt h.
T h e l i n e w i d t h s wh i c h a r e sp e c i f i e d f o r i n k l i n e s d o n o t ap p l y t o p e n c i l li n e s. C u tti n g a n
d v i e wi n g p l a n e li n e s ar e t h e th ick e st li n e s o n t h e d r awi n g . H o we v e r , th e t h ick li n e s u s
e d fo r o u tli n e s a n d o t h e r v i si b l e li n e s sh al l b e su ffi cie n tl y p r o m i n e n t to i m m e d i ate l y d i
ff e r e n t i a t e t h e m f r o m l i n e s u se d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . H i d d e n , s e c t i o n i n g , c e n t e r , p h an t
o m , e x t e n s i o n , d i m e n si o n an d l e ad e r l i n e s sh al l b e t h i n n e r t h a n o u tli n e s. In se le cti n g
t h e wi d t h s o f p e n c i l l i n e s, c o n s i d e r a t i o n sh a l l b e g i v e n t o t h e m e d i u m o f r e p r o d u c t i o n
i n vo l v e d t o e n su r e p r o p e r r e p r o d u c t i o n an d r e d u c t i o n o f t h e t h i n n e r li n e s.
Ty pes of Lines
Center Lines
C e n t e r l i n e s sh a l l b e co m p o se d o f l o n g an d sh o r t d ash e s , a l t e r n a t e l y an d e ve n l y p ac e d ,
w it h a lo n g d as h a t e ach en d . Cen te r lin e s sh al l cr o s s w i t h o u t v o i d s.
Dimension Lines
D i m e nsio n lin e s sh al l te r m in ate i n ar r o w h e ad s a t e ac h e n d . T h e y shall be unbroken except

where space is required for the dim e nsion. The proper m e t hod of showi ng di m e nsi ons.
Leaders
eaders shal l be used t o i ndi cat e a part or port i on t o whi c h a n u m b e r , n o t e , o r o t h e r d e f e r e n c e

ap p l i e s an d sh a l l b e a n u n b r o ke n li n e te r m i n ati n g i n a n ar r o wh ea d , d o t , o r wa v y li n e .
A r r o w h ea d s should always term inate at a line; d o t s sh o u l d b e wi th i n t h e o u tl in e o f a n o b je c t .
Break Lines
Short breaks shal l be i ndi cat ed by sol i d freehand l i n es. For l ong b r ea k s, f u l l r u le d li n e s wit h
f re e h a n d z igz ag s sh al l b e u se d . Sh aft s , r o d s , t u b e s , e t c. , w h i c h h a v e a p o r t i o n o f t h e i r l e
n g t h b r o k e n o u t , shal l have t h e ends of t h e break drawn.
Phantom Lines
Ph an to m lin es sh all b e u s ed to indicate the alternate position of p a r t s o f th e ite m d e li n eate d ,

r e p eate d d e tail , o r th e r e lati v e p o s iti o n o f a n ab s e n t p ar t an d sh a l l b e c o m p o se d o f a l t e
r n a t i n g o n e l o n g an d t w o sh o r t d ash e s , e ve n l y sp a ce d , wi t h a lo n g d as h a t e a c h e n d .
Sectioning Lines
Se cti on in g line s sh al l be use d t o in d ic at e th e e xp o se d su r f a ce s o f a n o b j e ct i n a se cti o n a l v

i e w. T h e y ar e g e n e r all y th i n fu l l li n e s, b u t m a y va r y w i t h t h e k i n d o f m a t e ri al
sh o w n i n se ct i o n .
Extension Lines
E xt e n sio n lin e s a r e u se d t o in d ic a t e t h e e x te n s io n o f a su r f a c e o r t o p o i n t to a l o cati o n o u t

si d e t h e p a r t o u tli n e . T h e y star t wit h a sh o r t, v i si b l e g a p f r o m th e o u tli n e o f th e p a r t
a n d ar e u s u a ll y p e r p e n d i c u la r to t h ei r a ss o c ia te d d i m e n s io n l in e s .
Hidden Lines
H id d e n lin e s sh al l c o n s is t o f sh o r t d ash e s , e ve n l y sp ace d . Th e s e l i n e s ar e u se d t o sh o w t h e

h i d d e n fe atu r e s o f a p ar t. Th e y sh al l alway s b e g i n wit h a d a sh i n co n t act wit h th e li n e f r o
m w h ich t h e y begi n, except when such a dash woul d form a cont i nuat i on of a ful l line. Dashes shall
touch at corn ers, and arcs shal l begi n wi t h dashes on t h e t a ngent poi nt s.
Stitch Lines
Sti tc h li n e s sh al l b e u s e d t o i n d i cate th e sti tc h i n g o r se wi n g li n e s o n a n a r t i c l e an d sh a l l

c o n s i s t o f a s e r i e s o f v e r y sh o r t d ash e s , ap p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f t h e l e n g t h o f d a s h o r h i d d e n l
i n e s , e ve n l y spaced. Long lines of stitching m a y b e ind icate d by a ser ie s o f stitch lines connected by
phantom lines.
Outlines or Visible Lines
T h e o u tli n e o r v i si b l e li n e sh al l b e u s e d f o r al l li n e s o n t h e d r awi n g r e p r e s e n t i n g vi
s i b l e l i n e s o n t h e o b j e c t.
Datum Lines
Dat u m l i n es shal l be used t o i ndi cat e t h e posi t i on of a dat u m pl ane and shal l consi s t of one l
ong dash and t w o short dashes, evenl y
spaced.
Cutting-Plane/ View ing-Plane Lines
The cutting-plane lines shall be used to indicate a plane or planes i n wh i c h a se ct i o n i s t a ke n . T h e

v i e w i n g- p l an e l i n e s sh a l l b e u se d to indicate the plane or planes f r o m wh ic h a su r f a c e o r
su r f a ce s ar e v ie we d .
Lettering and Numerals
Al l l e t t e ri ng shal l be uppercase (capi t a l l e t t e rs). Num b ers shal l be Arabi c n u m e r a ls . T h e

le tt e r in g an d n u m e r al s sh al l alwya s b e place d i n a h or iz on ta l read in g p o s itio n as far as p r
acticab le. Oth e r th an th is, letterin g sh all b e in a hori z ont al readi ng posi t i on when t h e drawi ng
i s rot a t e d 90° cl ockwi s e. Legi bl e l e t t e ri ng i s essent i a l for reproduct i ons. Let t e rs and/ or num
eral s shal l not run t o ge t h e r .
Sty l e
Other than being uppercase Rom a n and placed in a horizontal r e ad i n g p o s i t i o n , t h e l e t t e r i n g

is t h a t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l ' s st y l e .
Heights
Le tt e r i n g h e i g h t s sh al l b e a s fo ll o ws :
Letterin g h e i gh t
Drawing Feature: i n inches
D r aw i n g n u m b e r i n i d e n t i f i ca t i o n b l o c k s .25
Drawing title and description of drawing type above L/M .25
Drawin g su b title, b o r d e r, letters, an d n u m erals .1 9
Se c t i o n , d e t a i l , vi e w , an d t a b u l a t i o n l e t t e r s .25
D e scr i p ti o n ti tle s o f se cti o n , d e tail , v i e w, n o t e s, a n d t a
bul at i ons .19
D i m e n s i o n s , t o le r a n ce s , li m its , n o t e s, su b ti tle s , ta b l e s,
r e v i s i o n , an d z o n e l e t t e r s o n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r aw i n g .16
Li st of m a t e ri al s i n form at i on, nam e bl ocks, used on, and next .14
assy
N o te : Us e o f fi t te x t i s n o t all o we d .
Scale
D r aw i n g s sh a l l b e m a d e t o f u l l s ca l e u n l e ss th e p ar ts (o r asse m b l y ) ar e to o lar g e
t o p e r m i t i t o r so sm al l a n d co m p le x th a t d r awi n g t o a n e n lar g e d scal e i s e sse n ti a l f o r
c la r i ty . W h e n th e m a i n vi e w s o f l ar g e p ar t s ar e d r a w n t o a r e d u ce d s ca le , th e d e t a i l vi e w s
“ t ak e n ” t o c l ar i f y d e t a i l sh o u l d b e m a d e t o f u l l sc a l e w h e n e ve r p o ss i b l e . W h e n t h e
p a r t h a s b e e n d r aw n t o a n en lar ge d scal e f o r clar ity , i t i s no t n e ce ssar y to m a k e a n actu al-
siz e vie w.
The scales preferred for engineering drawi ngs are ful l si ze 1/ 1, reduced 1/ 2, 1 / 4 , 1 / 1 0 , 1 / 2 0 , an d e n l
a r ge d 2 / 1 , 4 / 1 , 1 0 / 1 , 2 0 / 1 . T h e c o m p u t e r d a t a b as e f o r th e f or m a t siz e sh al l be 1 / 1 a t al l
ti m e s .
EXCEPTION:
C e r t a i n d r a w i n g s o r f i gu r e s , b y t h e i r v e r y n a t u r e , can n o t b e d r aw n t o a specific scale (for

exam ple, wiring a nd schem a t i c di agram drawi ngs.) The scale designation for these cases is “NONE.”
T h e sc al e , a s n o t e d ab o v e , o r th e w o r d “ N ONE ” m u st b e en te r e d i n th e Titl e b l o ck . D o n o t
u s e t h e wo r d “ S IZ E ” f o l l o w i n g t h e r a t i o . T h e n o t a t i o n s “ 1 / 4 & N OT E D ” o r “ 1 / 2 & N OT E D , ”
e t c . , ap p l y t o t h o s e d r aw i n g s o n wh i c h t h e m a i n v i e ws ar e t o a re d u ce d scal e a n d a u x
iliar y v i e w s ar e to so m e o t h e r scale .
T o m a i n tai n c o n s iste n c y wit h ti tl e b l o c k call o u t fo r scale , d e tai l v i e ws sh al l b e n o t e d t

hus:
No te:
T h e scal e o f th e vie w sh al l b e state d o n l y w h e n i t d i ff e r s f r o m t h a t n o te d i n th e T itl e bloc

k , wh ich r e p r e se n ts t h e m a j o r ity o f v i e w s a n d se cti o n s .
O r i g i n a l p e n c i l d r aw i n g s sh o u l d b e t o s ca l e w i t h i n 0 .0 3 i n ch . W h e n ch an ge s to a n
existi n g dr awin g tak e place , i t i s r e q u i r e d t o in d i ca t e th a t a p arti cu la r f e a t u r e i s n o t t o s ca l e
b y u n d e r l i n i n g t h e d i m e n s i o n s w i t h a st r a i gh t l i n e .
The geom et ry of C AD-produced drawi ngs shal l be ent e red i n t o t h e el ect roni c dat a base at one-t
o-one (ful l ) scal e.
Positioning the Part on the Drawing
In s t a l l a t i o n s sh a l l u su a l l y b e p o s i t i o n e d o n t h e d r a w i n g a s t h e y wo u l d b e s e e n w h e n vi
e we d f r o m t h e l e f t s i d e o r t o p s i d e o f t h e e q u i p m e n t w i t h i t s f o r wa r d e n d p o i n ti n g t o th
e le ft .
If cl ari t y can be great l y i m proved by a posi t i on t h at resul t s i n fewer hi dden l i n es and foreshort e
ned project i ons, t h en t h at posi t i on shoul d be used, and t h e above rul e shoul d be di sregarded. Such
i n st ances woul d be a door or door jam b whi c h i n st al l s on t h e ri ght si de bei ng drawn wi t h t h e
forward port i on t o t h e ri ght , or a num ber of i t e m s i n st al l e d on t h e forward si de of a panel bei
ng drawn l ooki ng at the forward side.
Part s and m i nor assem b l i e s are not necessari l y drawn i n t h e posi t i on t h ey assum e in the equipm
ent. They m a y be drawn w ith som e surface, side, or reference line p a r a l l e l o r p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h
e l o w e r b o r d e r o f t h e d r a w i n g . La t h e - t u r n e d p a r t s ar e u s u a ll y d r awn wit h th e l a r ge r
d ia m e te r s t o th e le ft .
Picturization
Un n e ce ssar y d e tai l sh al l b e o m itt e d fr o m al l v i e w s a n d se cti o n s i f clar it y i s no t sacr ifi ce d

an d i f d r aft in g ti m e i s r e d u c e d .
Sections
A sect i onal vi ew shal l be m a de t h rough an out si de vi ew and not t h rough anot her sect i onal vi ew.
T h e l o ca t i o n o f a s e c t i o n i s ind icate d b y a cu tti n g p lan e wit h reference l e t t e rs and arrowheads

showi ng t h e di rect i on i n whi c h th e se cti o n i s vie wed .
Sect i onal vi ews shal l not proj e ct d ire ctl y ah e a d o f th e cu tti n g - pl ane arrowheads and shoul d be as
near as pract i cabl e t o t h e p o r t i o n s o f t h e d r a w i n g t h a t t h e y c l ar i f y .
The axes of sect i onal vi ews shoul d not be rot a t e d; however, t h e cut t i ng pl ane m a y vary i n di
rect i . If vi ews h a v e t o b e r o t a t e d , t h e an g l e an d d i r e c t i o n o f r o t a t i o n m u st b e g i v e n .
V isib l e an d in visib l e o u tlin e s b e yo n d t h e c u tti n g p l an e sh o u l d n o t b e sh o w n u n l e ss

n e ce ss ar y f o r c l ar i f i ca t i o n .
Shaft s , bol t s , nut s, et c., whi c h are i n a cut t i ng pl ane shoul d not be cross-hat c hed.
The cross-hat c hi ng sy m bol for cast i r on shoul d be used r e ga r d l e s s o f m a t e r i. I f e sse n t i a l f o r c l

a r i t y , m a t e r i a l f r o m w h i c h t h e p a r t s a r e m a d e sh o u l d b e i n d i ca t e d b y t h e co n ve n t i o n s g i
v e n i n A N S I Y 1 4 .2 M - 1 9 7 9 .
W h e n se cti on s ar e r e m o te l y l o ca te d , z o n e in f o r m ati o n sh al l b e ad d e d t o b o t h l o c a t i o n s ( i
. e . , f r o m wh e r e t h e s e c t i o n i s t a k e n a n d to th e l o cati o n w h er e t h e se cti o n i s sh o w n ) .
Clarification of a Portion of a Drawing
P r o je c t e d vi e w s wh i c h ar e sh o w n a l o n g c o m m o n c e n t e r l i n e s t o t h e i r o r i g i n n ee d n o t b
e i d e n ti fi e d . Vie w s l o cate d d i r e ctl y ahead of viewing plane arrowhead s ar e a b so l u te l y prohi
b ite d .
“ T r an sp o r t e d ” v i e w s o r s e c t i o n s ar e t h o s e wh i c h ar e n o t d i r e c t p r o j e c t i o n s . T h e y m u st b e
i d e n t i f i e d wh e r e sh o wn , b y l e t t e r s, a n d a t th e i r o r i g i n b y t h e cu tti n g p l a n e li n e s a n d
le tt e r s .
V i e w s sh o u l d n o t b e r o t a t e d ; h o w e v e r , i f vi e w s h av e t o b e r o tate d f o r a le g iti m at e re as o n ,
t h e a n g l e a n d d i r e cti o n o f r o t a t i o n m u s t b e g i v e n .
Details
A d e t a i l i s a p a r t i a l v i e w wh i c h sh o w s a p o r t i o n o f an o t h e r vi e w i n th e sa m e p l a n e a n d
wil l u s u a ll y d e p i c t g r e ate r d e tail.
TYPES OF DRAWINGS
Altered or Selected Vendor Part Drawing
Al t e red vendor part or sel ect ed vendor part drawi ngs shal l be prepared on TBS Engineering Design form
at when an exi s t i ng vendor part cannot be used as i s and i t i s desi red t o docum ent and cont rol t h e
al t e rat i on or sel ec t i on of t h e part . Preparat i on shal l not be initiated until the vendor has been re
quested to m a ke the alteration or sel ect i on, suppl y hi s num ber, and suppl y docum ent a t i on. W h en t
h e drawi ng i s prepared by GSFC , i t shal l speci fy t h e part t o be al t e red or sel ect ed by vendor num
ber, nam e , and address and shal l com p l e t e l y del i n eat e t h e al t e rat i on or se le cti o n . In a d d iti o
n , th e d r awi n g sh al l sp e cif y re i d e n ti fi cati o n o f th e p a r t b y t h e G SF C p a r t n u m b e r . A n a l t
e r e d o r s e l e c t e d ve n d o r p ar t d r aw i n g sh a l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e w o r d s “ A l t e r e d V e n d o r
P a r t D r a w i n g ” i m m e d i a t e l y ab o v e t h e T itl e b l o c k .
Detail Drawing
A d e tai l d r awi n g sh o w s al l t h e i n fo r m ati o n n e ce ssar y f o r f a b r icati n g a n ite m , i n c l u d i n g t

h e m a t e r i a l f r o m w h i c h i t i s m a d e an d t h o s e f i n i sh e s , p r o t e ct i v e
coat i ngs, and processes requi red t o fabr i cat e t h e end product . Onl y one i t e m
Drawing Tree
A d r aw in g t r e e i s u s e d t o co n tr o l t h e d e ve lo p m e n t o f d r a win g s an d th e i r p l ac e i n t h e o ve r a l l
s ch e m e o f t h e p r o je c t . A l t h o u g h t h i s t y p e d r aw i n g i s n o t a
requirem e nt for each project, when used pr operly and kept up to date, it can be a val u abl e m a nagem e
nt ai d and can be c ont ai ned i n a confi gurat i on m a nagem e nt
dat a base. See Fi gure 19.
Electrical/Electronic Drawings
Electrical/electronic drawings are prepared t o d e p i c t sc h e m a t i c s, w i r i n g d i a gr a m s , cab le in terco n n

ectio n s , an d d e tailed cab le assem b ly d r awin g s .
Electrical a nd Electronic Sy mbols
Application: Sym bols shall be i n ac co r d an c e w it h A N S I Y 3 2 . 2 - 1975, Graphi c Symbol s f o r El ect ri cal

and El ect roni c Di agrams (or l a t e r revi si ons), unl ess ot herwi s e not ed.
Graphic electrical wiri n g sy m b o l s f o r ar ch i te c t ural and electrical l a y o u t d r aw i n g s sh a l l c o n f o r m t

o A N S I Y 3 2 .9 - 1 9 7 2 , G ra ph i c Symbol s f o r El ect ri cal Wi ri ng and Layout Di agrams Used i n Archi t ect
ure and Bui l d i ng C onst r uct i o n (or later revisions).
Electrical and Electronic Diagrams
Application: Diagram s shall be i n a cc o r d an c e wi t h A N S I Y 1 4 .1 5 - 1966 (R -73) El ect ri cal and El ect roni c
Di agrams (or later revi si ons); ANSI Y14.15a-1971, Int e rconnect i on Di agrams , subsect i on 15-11; ANSI
Y14.15b-1973, El ect ri cal and El ect roni cs Di agrams , subsect i ons 15-1 t h rough 15-10, and 15-12.
Inseparable Assembly Drawing
An inseparable assem b ly drawing delineat es item s (pieces) which are separately f ab r ic at e d an d a r e

p e r m an e n t l y jo in e d t o g e t h e r (e .g . , we ld e d , b r az e d , r i ve t e d , nai l e d, bonded, et c.) t o form an i n
t e gral uni t (part ) not capabl e of bei ng readi l y di sassem b l e d. An i n separabl e assem b l y drawi ng m a
y be prepared i n l i e u of i n d i vi d u a l m o n o d e t a i l d r a w i n g s f o r i n se p ar ab l e a ss e m b l i e s i n t e
n d e d t o b e p r o cu r e d an d r e p l ac e d a s a u n i t , wh e r e ( e x ce p t f o r s ta n d a r d h ar d wa r e ) t h e se p a
r at e p a r t s ar e o f si m ila r o r co m p ati b l e m a te r ials . Se e Fi g u r e 2 0 (al l d a ta , su c h a s n o t e s
an d l i s t o f m a t e r i a l , ar e n o t sh o wn ) .
An i n separabl e assem b l y drawi ng shal l ful l y defi ne t h e end product or det a i l asse m b l y a s asse m b
led . P ie ce s o f th e i n se p ar ab l e asse m b l y m a y be de taile d e ith e r o n s e p ar a t e d e t a i l d r a w i n g s
o r o n t h e i n s e p ar ab l e as se m b l y d r aw i n g i t s e l f . In t h e c as e o f w e l d m e n t s , t h e p ar t s sh a l l
n o t b e i n d i v i d u a l l y d e t a i l e d o n s e p ar a t e drawi ngs (due t o t h e consum abl e m a t e ri al al l o
wances t h at woul d have t o be shown on detail drawings), except in cases where extensive m achining m i
ght be necessary.
Installation Assembly Drawing
A n i n st a l l a t i o n as se m b l y d r aw i n g sh o w s wh e r e an d h o w p a r t s an d / o r a ss e m b l i e s ar e i n s t
a l l e d r e l a t i v e t o su p p o r t i n g st r u c t u r e o r a ss o c i a t e d i t e m s . I t sh o w s l o c a t i n g di m
e n s i o n s , t o l e r an c i n g , sp e c i f i e s a t t ach i n g p a r t s ( su c h a s r i ve t s , b o l t s , o r s cr e w s ) an d
p e ci fi c ad ju s t m e n t s , a ss e m b l y in s tr u c ti o n s , an d p r o ce ss e s r e q u i r e d f o r c o m p l e t i n g an d i n
sp e c t i n g t h e i n st a l l a t i o n .
T h a t p o r ti o n o f th e str u ct u r e i n t o w h ich th e i n stallati o n i s b e i n g i n stalle d sh al l b e sh o w n

i n p h an t o m an d i d e n t i f i e d b y i t s p a r t n u m b e r . Su ch i d e n t i f i ca t i o n s shal l be i ndi cat ed
as reference i n form at i on by encl osure of t h e part num ber i n parent heses or by use of t h e sy m bol
“R EF.”
Appl i cabl e dat u m poi nt s or pl anes, such as center lines of structure, plane of sy m m e t r y , st at i on pl
anes, et c., shal l be shown and i d ent i f i e d.
P ar ts m a y be d e taile d i n plac e o n i n st al la ti o n d r a win g s wh e n co n ve n ie n t .
Interface Control Drawing
A n in te r f a c e c o n t r o l d r a win g sh a l l b e u s e d t o m a in tai n c o m p ati b ilit y o f al l p h y sica l a n d f u n

c ti o n a l d e si g n s b e twe e n d i ff e re n t e n g i n ee r i n g d e si g n acti v iti e s . T h e d r aw i n g sh a l l c o m m
u n i ca t e d e s i g n c r i t e r i a su c h a s d i m e n s i o n s , h o l e an d / o r b o l t siz e s , h a r d war e , a n d u lti m
at e ch a n g e s r e lati v e t o co f u n c ti o n i n g syste m s. “ In t e r f ac e Co n tr o l D r a win g ” sh al l b e ad d e d
d i r e c tl y ab o v e t h e T it l e b lo ck . N o lis t o f m a te r ial s i s p e r m itt e d o n th i s ty p e o f d r awi n g ;
i t i s n o t to b e u s e d t o m a n u f ac t u r e p a r t s .
Matched-Set Drawing
A m a t c h e d - se t d r a w i n g d e p i c t s p ar t s t h a t a r e m ach i n e - m a t c h e d o r o t h e r w i s e m a t e d an d
f o r w h i c h r e p la ce m e n t a s a m a tc h e d se t o r p a i r i s e s se n ti a l . T h e o p e r ati n g o r m a ti n g
ch ar acte r isti c s o f th e m a tch e d p ar t s (se t) sh al l b e in d icate d . Th e p ar ts sh a l l b e u n i q u e l y m
a r ke d w i t h a s e r i a l n u m b e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n t o i n d i ca t e a m a t c h e d s e t . ( a l l d a t a r e q u i r e d
f o r t h e f i n i sh e d d r aw i n g ar e n o t sh o wn ) .
The drawing title becom e s an assem b ly , although the parts are not actually att a ch e d . Ma in ta i n an d
Fu r n i s h O n l y A s A M a t c h e d Se t ” sh a l l b e ad d e d d i r e c t l y ab o v e th e T itl e b lo c k o r Lis t o f
Mate r ial .
Mechanical Schematic
A m e ch a n ica l sch e m a ti c d i a g r a m d r awi n g ill u str ate s t h e o p e r ati o n a l se q u e n ce o r

a r r an ge m e n t o f a m e ch an i ca l d e v i c e . D i m e n s i o n s an d r e l a t i v e s i z e s o f i t e m s m a y b e
sh o w n t o i n d i ca t e m e ch an i c a l r e l a t i o n sh i p .
Modification Drawing
M o d i f i c a t i o n d r aw i n g s d e l i n e a t e ch an ge s t o d e l i v e r e d i t e m s , s t o ck ab l e i t e m s ( e . g. , S t
an d ar d P ar t D r aw i n g ) , a ss e m b l i e s, i n st a l l a t i o n s , o r sy st em s. Drawi ngs are prepared t o add,
rem ove, or rework i t e m s , equi pm ent i n stallati o n s , o r syste m s t o sati sf y th e u s i n g acti v ity' s
r e q u i r e m e n t s. T h e y als o in co rp o r ate m a n d a to ry ch an g e s (e.g ., safety, reliab ility, o r ap p licatio
n ex ten s io n ) i n d e l i v e r e d e q u i p m e n t . A m o d i f i ca t i o n d r aw i n g sh a l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e
w o r d s “Modification Drawing” i m m e diate l y ab o v e th e T itl e b lo c k. This type of drawing has al so been
known or referred t o as a “M ake From Drawi ng.”
Outline Drawing
A n o u tli n e d r awi n g i s a d r awi n g t h a t d e fi n e s t h e e x te r n a l co n t o u r o f a n ite m , u su a l l y b y

sh o w i n g t h e p r o je c t e d vi e w s i n t w o o r t h r e e p e r p e n d i c u l a r p l an e s . Two types of utline
drawings are depi cted in DRAWING STANDARDS MANUAL
Source Control Drawing
A s o u r c e c o n t r o l d r a w i n g sh a l l b e u s e d t o l i m i t p r o cu r e m e n t o f a ve n d o r - d e s i gn e d an d m a
n u f a c t u r e d p a r t (o r as se m b l y ) t o t h a t sou r c e o r so ur ce s th a t e xclu sive l y provi de t h e perform
ance, i n st al l a t i on, a n d in te r ch an ge ab l e ch ar acte r isti c s o f th e part sel ect ed and t e st ed for
a speci fi c appl i cat i on. In t h e event t h e vendor shal l not provi de drawi ngs as descri bed. Cont rol
drawi ng shal l i n cl ude t h e sam e descri pt i on of t h e part as requi red on speci fi cat i on cont rol drawi
ngs. If vendor drawi ngs are m a de avai l a bl e, t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e s o u r c e c o n t r o l r a w i n g sh a l l b e
l i m i t e d t o v e n d o r ' s p a r t n u m b e r , nam e , and address. In either case, th e fol l o wi ng not e shal l
appear on t h e source cont rol drawi ng: “Onl y t h e part (s) speci fi ed on t h i s drawi ng and i d ent i f i e d
by vendor' s nam e (s), address(es), and part num ber(s) has (have) been t e st ed and a p p r o v e d f o r u s e
i n n a m e o f ite m . A su b s ti tu t e p a r t sh al l n o t b e u s e d w i t h o u t p r i o r t e s t i n g an d
ap p r o v a l .
The source cont rol drawi ng num ber i s not a part num ber. The vendor part i t s el f shal l be i d ent
i f i e d by t h e vendor' s i d ent i f y i ng num ber.
The assem b l y (or i n st al l a t i on) drawi ng shal l cal l out t h e part by source cont rol drawi ng num ber. In
t h e Li st of M a t e ri al (part s l i s t ) of t h e drawi ng, t h e source control drawing num ber shall be accom
p anied by the following note: “Vendor Part —see source cont rol drawi ng.” A source cont rol drawi ng shal l
be identified by the words “Source Control Dr awin g ” i m m e diate l y ab o v e th e T itl e bl ock.
A source cont rol drawi ng shal l not upgrade a vendor' s part bey ond t h e vendor' s st i pul at i ons.
Specification Control Drawing
Specification control drawings are prepar ed to record the char acte r isti c s o f a vendor-desi gned and m a
nufact ured part (or assem b l y ). Thi s t y pe of drawi ng m a y al so be used t o docum ent part s t h at are
sent t o a uni que vendor t o perform a sp e cifi c op e r ati o n be cau s e o f sp e cia l e quipm ent and/or
hardware only available th er e . Su ch ch ar acte r i s t i c s are si ze, shape, m ount i ng di m e nsi ons,
and ot her desi gn requi rem e nt s, i n cl udi ng t e st s, when appl i cabl e , t h at coul d be obt ai ned from t h e
vendor' s m a nufact uri ng drawi ngs i f t h ey were m a de avai l a bl e. The vendor' s part num ber, nam e ,
and address sha l l be i n cl uded, ei t h er i n not e or t a bl e form .
T h e sp e c i f i c a t i o n co n t r o l d r aw i n g n u m b e r i s n o t a p ar t n u m b e r . T h e v e n d o r p a r t i t s e l f
sh a l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e v e n d o r ' s i d e n t i f y i n g n u m b e r .
T h e asse m b l y (o r i n stallati o n ) d r awi n g sh al l cal l o u t th e p a r t b y t h e sp e c i f i ca t i o n c o n t

r o l d r a w i n g n u m b e r . In t h e Li s t o f M a t e r i a l ( p ar t s l i s t ) o f the drawing, the specification contro
l drawing num ber shall be accom p anied by t h e not e “Vendor Part —see speci fi cat i on cont rol drawi
ng.” A speci fi cat i on cont rol drawi ng shal l be i d ent i f i e d by t h e words “Speci fi cat i on C ont rol
D r awin g ” i m m e d iate l y a b o v e th e T it l e b lo c k .
A sp e cifi cati o n co n t r o l d r awi n g d o e s n o t p r e v e n t p r o c u r e m e n t fr o m m u lti p l e s o u r c e s

w h e n t h e v e n d o r p a r t h a s b e e n d e t e r m i n e d t o b e e q u i va l e n t t o o t h e r vendor parts.
The preparat i on of speci fi cat i on cont rol drawi ngs can be avoi ded by procuri ng t h e vendor' s m a
nufact uri ng drawi ngs. In t h e event t h e vendor cl ai m s p r o p r i e t a r y r i gh t s an d r e f u s e s t o p r o v i d e
h i s m a n u f a c t u r i n g d r aw i n g s , h e sh a l l b e r e q u e ste d to f u r n ish a n o u tli n e d r awi n g o f
h i s p a r t su ffi cie n t to i n cl u d e th e r e q u i r e m e n t s st a t e d ab o ve . W h e n t h e ve n d o r p r o v i d e s
e i t h e r t y p e o f d r aw i n g s (i.e . , m a n u f act u r i n g d r awi n g s o r a n o u tli n e d r awi n g ) , th e p a
r t n u m b e r call o u t o n t h e d r aw i n g sh a l l b e b y t h e ve n d o r ' s n u m b e r .
A speci fi cat i on cont rol drawi ng shal l not upgrade a vendor' s part bey ond t h e vendor' s st i pul at i ons.
Standard Part Drawing
St andard part s shal l be sel ect ed from gove rnm e nt and i ndust r y st andards i n t h at order of
precedence. If neither of these con tai n a p ar t sati sf acto r y f o r th e de sig n needs, a drawing shall be
prepared. Befo re preparat i on, i t m u st be det e rm i n ed t h a t t h e p a r t sh a l l b e a st an d ar d p ar t , i
n wh i c h ca s e i t sh a l l b e d r af t e d o n st andard m a nual form at .
Tabulated Drawing
A t a b u l a t e d d r a w i n g d e p i c t s s i m i l a r i t e m s w it h d i ff e r e n ce s i n char acte r isti c s su c h a s d i m

e n si o n s , m a t e r i a l , f i n i sh , an d o t h e r r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e s e d i ff e r e n ce s ar e t a b u l a t e d o n t
h e d r aw i n g , t h e f i x e d char acte r isti c s de picte d o n ce .
NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR DRAWINGS AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
The num beri ng sy st em for i d ent i f y i ng engi neeri ng drawi ngs and associ at ed l i s t s i s based on t h e
“uni t num ber” pri n ci pl e, whereby t h e sam e basi c num ber assi gned t o an assem b l y drawi ng i s al so
appl i e d t o i ndex, usage, dat a , and part s lists .
Drawi ng num bers shal l consi s t of assi gned basi c seven-di gi t num bers, p r e f i x e d b y t h e l e t t e r “ T ”
( s i gn i f y i n g T BS ) an d a s e c o n d l e t t e r s i gn i f y i n g t h e d r a win g siz e (B , C , D , E , F , o r J ) .
Associ at ed l i s t num bers shal l be t h e basi c seven-di gi t drawi ng num ber prefi x with TBS as applicable.
The m a nagem e nt of drawing num bers becom e s the responsibility of the engi neeri ng desi gn group t o
whom t h ey are assi gned. R eassi gnm ent of t h e num bers t o group subsect i ons or i ndi vi dual s , ot her
cont ract ors or subcont ract ors, or ot her program s or project s m u st be cont rol l e d, recorded, and m a i n
t a i n ed by t h e C onfi gurat i on M a nagem e nt Offi cer.
Engi neeri ng docum ent a t i on (drawi ngs , engi neeri ng change orders, and confi gurat i on change request s)
shal l be ret a i n ed by t h e C onfi gurat i on M a nager in the responsible engineering organi z ati o n un ti l
o th e r wis e d ire cte d b y th e Project.
W h e n i t i s n e ce ssar y to i d e n ti f y a d r aw in g a s a s ke tc h , th e n u m b e r sh a l l b e
assi g n e d b y th e o r i g i n ato r . T h e sk e tc h sh al l b e m a i n tai n e d b y th e o r i g i n ato r t o p re ve n t
th e ne ce ssit y o f a ce n tr a l con tr o l . Ske tch e s sh a l l n o t b e p r e p ar e d i n p la c e o f e n gin e e r in g
d r aw in g s f o r p r o c u r e m e n t o f m o ck u p s , m o d e ls , preproduct i on hardware or fl i ght ha rdware, and
associ at ed equi pm ent .
In t h e absence of a project -di r ect ed docum ent num beri ng pl an, t h e fol l o wi ng syste m sh al l b e
u sed :
TBS - S - 000 - 012
Companny
"S" for specification, "P" for procedure
ordinal specification number issued
year of specification issue
Part Numbering
Each detail part, subassem b ly, etc., sha l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y a p a r t n u m b e r a s fo llo ws:
An i t e m covered by an approved st a ndard and used wi t hout al t e rat i on or se le cti o n sh al l b e i d e n

ti fi e d b y th e proper st andard num ber (such as M S n u m b e r f o r m ilitar y sta n d a r d ) , wh ich sh al l
i n cl u d e a n y d a sh n u m b e r o r c o d e n e ce ssar y fo r co m p le te i d e n ti ty .
E ac h n o n s t a n d ar d i t e m sh a l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y a p a r t n u m b e r t h a t sh a l l b e , o r sh a l l i n c l
ude, t h e drawi ng num ber.
Find or Item Numbering
Un d e r t h e f i n d o r i t e m n u m b e r i n g sy s t e m , a n u m b e r i s as s i gn e d t o a p ar t o r d e t a i l asse m
b ly
f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f l o cati n g i t i n t h e fi e l d o f th e asse m b l y d r awi n g . T h e f i n d o r i t e m
n u m b e r i s a l s o sh o w n i n t h e E n g i n e e r i n g P ar t s L i s t f o r a n as se m b l y
drawi ng, cross-referenced t o t h e part num ber used for procurem ent purposes.
ENGINEERING CHANGE DESIGN ORDER

General Requirements
The use of Engi neeri ng C h a n g e D e s i g n (CD) for t h e purpose of revi si ng rel eased drawi ngs i s t h e
preferred m e t hod of changi ng drawi ngs, al t hough t h e m e t hod of di rect c h an g e t o t h e d r aw i n g m
a y b e c h o s e n b y t h e p r o je c t e n g i n e e r .
A ft e r a n CD syste m i s e le cte d , i t i s t h e r e sp o n sib ili t y o f t h a t p r o je c t d e s ig n a ct i v i t y t o a ss i

g n n u m b e r i n g an d m a i n t a i n t h e d o cu m e n t a t i o n sy s t e m . T h e ap p r o v e d CD i s co n s i d e r e d
a n o ff i c i a l p a r t o f t h e o r i g i n a l d r aw i n g an d sh a l l alway s b e a v aila b l e to o t h e r s, e v e n
aft e r i n co r p o r ati o n . W it h t h i s syste m , reference to CDs in the revision block of drawings is perm
itted in place of the usual det a i l e d l i s t i ng of changes.
Devi ati o n : A record of a change to a m a nuf actured part. The change is to accept a discrepancy
correction in a part . T h e CD wo u l d b e as si gn e d a b a ck s l a sh ( \ ) i n st e a d o f a n CD r e v i s i o n l e tter
an d id en tified as a “Dev iatio n fo r s e r i a l n u m b e r ” i n t h e r e v i s i o n b l o ck . N o p h y si c a l
c h an g e t o t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r awi n g wil l o ccu r .
Other : A record of speci al t e st s or ci rcum st ances t h at m i ght not be requi red of al l part s.
D E SC RI P T IO N : D e sc r i p t i o n o f t h e c h an g e t o b e m a d e sh a l l b e sh o w n u s i n g th e wo r d s “ W a s ”
an d “ N o w ” o r “ R e m o v e ” an d “ A d d . ” T h e wo r d s “ D e l e t e , ” “ Can ce lled ” o r “ Sup e r se d ed ” m a y
als o b e u s e d . I n t h e s i t u a t i o n o f supersedi ng a previ ous CD, a “W as” and “Now” current condi t i on
m u st al so be shown, just as i f t h e previ ous CD had been i n corporat ed.
I f t h e c u r r e n t C D f o r m a t i s in su ffi cie n t i n siz e , a sh e e t 2 o r m o r e m a y be added. If a l a rger

page i s requi red a suppl em ent a l sheet shal l be prepared on a regul ar d rawi ng-si ze sheet reproduci b l e
vel l u m and shal l st a t e “ T h i s su p p l e m e n t a l sh e e t i s p ag e o f CD n u m b e r of drawi
ng n u m b e r . ” E n t e r i n t h e d e sc r i p t i o n ar e a o f p ag e 1 o f t h e CD t o “ se e suppl em ent a l
sheet page of this CD.”
T h e C D m u s t b e o n a n ap p r o v e d C D f o r m . N o p a s t e o n s o r l i n e s t r i ke o u t s a r e p e r m itt e d .
A l l le tt e r i n g m u st b e .1 2 i n c h o r lar g e r a n d u n i fo r m i n siz e .
“ SH E E T OF ” : In d i ca t e n u m b e r 1 an d t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f CD sh e e t s.
O n r e m a i n i n g sh e e t s , e n t e r t h e n u m b e r o f t h a t p ar t i c u l a r sh e e t o f t h e CD o n l y .
D is po s iti on : A c t i o n s t o b e t a k e n a s a r e su l t o f t h e ch an ge .
E FFE CT I V E: I f t h e c h an g e a ff e c t s o n l y a l i m i t e d n u m b e r o f a se r i e s o f l i k e p ar ts , fi l l i n th e
se r ia l nu m b e r (s ) an d d at e . i F T H E CH A N G E
D RA WN B Y: S i gn a t u r e , d a t e , an d T BS C OD E .
ISSUED B Y : Si gnat u re, dat e , and TBS code of ENGINEERING HEAD .
C H ECKED: Si gnat u res, dat e , and TBS codes. W h en pract i cabl e , si gnat u res shoul d be t hose of
persons who approved t h e ori g i n al drawi ng.
APPROVED: sIGNATURE, DATE, AND Signatu re, date, and TBS CODE.
ENGINEER: Si gnat u re, dat e , and TBS C ODE of project responsi b l e engi neer.
JOB ORDER NO : Fabri cat i on num ber t o be assi gned by t h e cogni zant engi neer.code
CD NO: To be assi gned by t h e confi gurat i on m a nagem e nt offi ce or t h e d e si g n a te d r e p r e se n

tati v e fo r th e p r o g r a m f o r w h ich th e CD i s b e i n g wr itt e n . CD n u m b e r s a r e i ssu e d i n n u m
e r ic a l s e q u e n c e a ga i n s t a p a r t i c u l a r d r a w i n g n u m b e r wh e n t h e CD i s se n t f o r ch e ck i n g .
DRAWING REVISIONS
Revision Methods
R e vi s i o n s i n t h e f i e l d o f d r a w i n g s a r e m a d e b y d e l e t i o n , e i t h e r b y e r a su r e o r cr o ssin g
o u t ( a ser ie s o f par alle l lin e s p la ce d o n t h e f a ce o f d r aw in g o ve r t h e del e t e d port i ons of drawi
ng), by addi t i on, or by redrawi ng (al l del i n eat i ons shal l be m a de to scale).
Revision Identification
R e vi si o n s sh a l l b e i d e n t i f i e d b y s y m b o l s i n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r aw i n g cross-referenced t o t
h e revi si on descri pt i on. R e vi si on sy m bol s shal l be ent e red i n t h e revi si on bl ock . R e v i s i o n s sh a l
l b e b y a l p h ab e t i ca l l e t t e r an d o r d e r , e x ce p t t h a t l e t t e r s I , O , Q , S , X , an d Z sh a l l n o t b e
u s e d a s r e v i s i o n sy m b o l s. Fo l l o w i n g l e t t e r Y , u s e A A , A B , e tc. ; aft e r AY , u se BA , BB , e tc .
Revision of Multisheet Drawings
There is only one acceptable m e thod of reco rding changes to m u ltisheet drawings. R e vi si ons t o any
sheet (s) shal l be recorded i n t h e revi si on descri pt i on bl ock on sheet 1, and reference shal l be m a de
t o sheet(s) affected. Level of revision shall be changed on each drawing sheet whether or n o t th a t
p arti cu la r sh e e t i s aff e cte d . The revi si on descri pt i on bl ock on al l sheet s ot her t h an sheet 1 shal l
st at e “See sheet 1 for revi si ons.”
Revision Recording
A sy m b o l ( e . g. , “ A 3 ” ) e n clo se d i n a ci r c l e sh al l ap p e a r i n t h e fi e l d o f d r a win g a t t h e poi nt

o f r e v i s i o n . T h e l e t t e r “ A ” r e f e r s t o an y r e v i si o n s c o m p l e t e d a t a gi ve n t i m e . T h e n u m
b e r f o l l o w i n g r e f e r s t o t h e n u m b e r o f t h e r e v i si o n m a d e . Fi gure 31a shows exam pl es of t h i s
. The sam e sy m bol m a y appear m o re t h an once if, in the revision description
colum n , m o re than one action took place per line .
W h e n ch an ge s ar e m a d e t o a d r a w i n g t h r o u g h a d i r e c t i n co r p o r a t i o n , r e v i s i o n sy m bol s are
requi red on t h e fi el d of t h e drawi ng, and abbrevi a t e d descri pt i ons of t h e changes m u st be
recorded i n t h e revi si on bl ock.
W h e n c h an g e s ar e m a d e t o a d r a w i n g t h r o u g h a n CD o r R e vi s i o n N o t i c e sy st e m , r e v i si
o n s y m b o l s ar e n o t r e q u i r e d o n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r a w i n g , b u t t h e R e vi s i o n B l o c k m u s t s t
a t e “ S e e CD n u m b e r f o r c h an g e s ” o r “ Se e R e v is io n N o ti c e n u m b e r ” in the
r e v i s i o n d e sc r i p t i o n c o l u m n .
For ei t h er m e t hod of i n corporat i on, t h e person i n corporat i ng t h e revi si on, t h e person assi gned t
o check t h e i n corporat i on, and t h e cogni zant engi neer responsible for the revision all shall da te an d
in iti a l th e r e visio n b lo c k i n th e approved col u m n .
Redrawn or Replaced Drawings
The next revi si on l e t t e r i n sequence shal l be ent e red i n t h e revi si on bl ock of t h e new drawing. To
the re vision block shall be adde d “Replaces Revision (old r e v i s i o n l e t t e r ) W i t h C h an g e ” an d a
d e sc r i p t i o n o f t h e c h an g e o r r e f e r e n c e t o a n Engi neeri ng Change Design (CD) docum ent num ber
sh al l b e r e co r d e d i n th e d e scr i p ti o n c o l u m n . A l l p r e v i o u s re v i si o n s sh al l b e o m itt e d
f r o m t h e su p e r se d i n g d r awi n g . The statem ent “Replaced W ith Change By Revision (new revision
letter)” shall be ad d e d t o t h e su p e r se d e d d r a w i n g ' s r e v i s i o n b l o c k an d “ Su p e r se d e d ” sh a l l b e
placed in 1/4-inch-high lette r in g d ire ctl y abo v e th e Titl e block. W h en a drawing is redrawn without
changes, the phrase “ Rep lace s Re visio n (o ld revision letter)
W i t h o u t C h an ge ” sh a l l b e ad d e d t o r e v i si o n b l o c k an d r e v i s i o n l e t t e r sh a l l r e m a i n u n c h a
n g e d . Se e Fi g u r e 3 1 c . Or i g i n a l n a m e s a n d d a te s fr o m th e o l d ti tl e b l o c k
shall be typed in on the replacem ent drawing.
Draw ing Requirements
W h e n u s e d i n t h e f i e l d o f t h e d r a w i n g , i t e m n u m b e r s sh a l l b e e n cl o se d i n c i r cu l a r - h ap e d
1 / 2 - i n ch - d i a m e t e r b a l l o o n s . Fo r d r awi n g s o f ele ctr o n i c c h assi s asse m b lie s , i f t h e o u tli n
e s o f resi st ors or capaci t o rs are shown, t h e reference desi gnat i ons shal l be placed within those
outlines when practical. The corresponding fi n d n u m b e r s sh al l b e o m itt e d f r o m th e v i e ws . In su
c h case s , a t a b l e sh a l l b e p r o v i d e d o n t h e d r a w i n g t o sh o w t h e f i n d n u m b e r assign e d to
e ach ite m th a t i s ide n ti fi e d b y a r e f e r e n c e d e s ign ati o n on t h e vi ews. The sam e fi nd num
ber shal l be used for any group of reference desi gnat i ons assi gned t o i t e m s of i d ent i cal charact eri s
t i c s. The i t e m or fi nd num bers on any drawi ng shal l be assi gned i ndependent l y of t hose on any ot
her drawi ng. Fi nd num bers assi gned t o subassem b l i e s shown on an assem b l y drawi ng shal l be di st i
ngui shed from t hose assi gned t o part s by addi ng a l e t t e r su ff i x t o t h e su b a ss e m b l y f i n d n u m
ber.
DOCUMENTATION MANAGEMENT
EDTD ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
STAGES IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN WORK
Basic Engineering Stage
Basic Design Development Detailed Design

Design Basic Design Package Work
Basis
(Cenceptual Preparation ( BOQ) Work
Design)
DESIGN BASIS ( Conceptual Design )
Conceptual design is the very first phase of a design where drawings are the primary focus, which are comprised of
simple plans and sections. These simple drawings should be able to lend themselves easily to more specific sets of
plans.
Design
The end of the conceptual planning phase and the beginning of the design phase varies among agencies and their programming
and budgeting procedures. Generally,detailed design of a project begins once an agency is confident that funds will be
appropriated to complete the project. Based on the statement of work and preferred design approach, the design matures into
final construction documents comprising the plans and specifications from which equipment procurement and construction bids
can be solicited. (Complex facility projects may include an equipment procurement phase in order to expedite the purchase,
manufacture, and delivery of long-lead-time equipment, such as unique process machinery, large electrical and mechanical
equipment, and sophisticated architectural components. Equipment procurement may proceed in parallel with construction
activities.) In addition, the cost of operating, maintaining, repairing, and disposing of the facility will be affected by the following
decisions during the requirements assessments, conceptual planning, programming, and design phases:
Choice of materials and technologies

Quality of design
Quality of construction
Building layout
Types of systems
Start-up
The start-up phase begins when the user takes occupancy of the facility. Building components are tested individually and then in
systems with other components to measure and compare their performance against the original design criteria. Facility operation
and maintenance plans are implemented, tested, and refined as appropriate.constitutes the majority of the facility life-cycle.
Although the focus of this study is on the acquisition process, application of the sustainable development principle for operations
and maintenance is discussed in the context of the framework outlined in.
Requirements assessment
Conceptual planning
Programming/budgeting
Design
Construction
Start-up
To facilitate the decision making required in each phase, sustainable development considerations are posed as questions. In the
initial phases sustainable development issues
BASIC DESIGN PACKAGE ( Preparation of BOQ )
A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and

labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair
contract and itemises all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding. They are
prepared by a “taking off” process in which the cost of a building or other structure is estimated from
measurements in the Structural Engineer's drawings. These are used to create a cost estimate such as in regard to
the square area in meters of walls and roofs, the numbers of doors and windows, and systems as heating, plumbing
and electrics. Similar types of work are then brought together under one item, a process known as "abstracting".
There are different styles of bills of quantities, mainly the Elemental BOQ and Trade Bills.
Contingency sum
A Contingency sum is an item found within a Bill of quantities (BoQ).
The item refers to unforeseeable cost likely to be incurred during the contract.
There are two types of contingency sum. The first refers to a specific item i.e. 'additional alterations to services
when installing.,where an item for alterations to existing services is not contained within the BoQ but some work is
envisaged.
The second type of sum is where money can be allocated to any item, within the BoQ, in the same way as the above
example or used as 'additional work to be undertaken by the contractor, at the request of the contract
administrator'.
The first is usually approximated by the client’s PQS and the second by the contractors QS (or commercial manager).
Additional requirements is referred as Bill of materials (BOM).
Site Inspection Report

General Information
Project Name
Site Inspection Report No. Location
Date of Inspection Start/End Time
Inspector’s Name(s)
Inspector’s Title(s)
Inspector’s Contact Information
Describe present phase of
construction
Type of Inspection:
Engineering Design  Fire Suppression / Detection  Security and Safety  Power System  Water System
Requirements
1. Floor Plan layout.
2. Electrical Loads requirements for Power System.
3. Water supply, discharge , occupants and other datas necessary for the Water system requirements.
Weather at time of this inspection?

 Clear Cloudy  Rain  Sleet  Fog  Snowing  High Winds
 Other
AREA FSS/FDAS Safety & Power Water Maintenance Corrective Action
Installed? Security System System Required? Needed and Notes
1 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Overall Site Issues

Below are some general site issues that should be assessed during inspections. Customize this list as needed for
conditions at your site.
Activity Implemented? Maintenance Corrective Action Needed and Notes

Required?
1 Yes No Yes No

Activity Implemented? Maintenance Corrective Action Needed and Notes
Required?
Non-Compliance
Describe any incidents of non-compliance not described above:
CERTIFICATION STATEMENT
“I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and
evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or
those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting
false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.”
Print name and title: ___________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_________________________________________
REQUEST FOR INSPECTION
General Information
Project Name
Location
Date of Inspection Time l:
Inspector’s Name(s)
Client Contact Person

Client Contact Number
Scope of Inspection
Type of Inspection:
Requested by : Time l:
REQUEST FOR BOQ

General Information
Project Name
Location
Date of submission Time l:
Client Contact Person
Client Contact Number

Scope of Inspection
Type of Inspection:
Requested by :
Typical Drawing Flow
Engineering Head
(concept)
Designer
(layout)
Engineering Head
(approval of layout concepts)
Designer Documents
(detail, subassy., assy., instl., etc.)
on CAD or conventional board drawing
Engineering Head
(review)
Design
(Checking/review)
Engineering Head
(consideration of suggestions Designer
Affecting design) (Modifications)
Design (checking approval of

CAD/paper or vellum original)
Designer (records
Engineering Head Change & forwards
(Approval) Check copy)
Configuration Manager Advance

1. Update Master CAD File with Names & Dates Shop Copy
2. Release Prints to Fabrication (Optional)
Parts No Changes to YesEngineer CDs

Completed Released Drawings (Change notice)
Parts Project Engineer

TBSQA/QC (Acceptance or rejection)
Computer-Aided Design Drawings
The purpose of t h i s sect i on i s t o set pol i c y on how C o m put er-Ai d ed Desi gn (C AD) drawi ngs are t o
be handl ed whi l e act i v e, suppl i e d, docum ent e d, and archived.
Presentation of Co mputer-Generated Data
A c o m p u t e r g r ap h i c s o r C A D p r o g r a m i s u se d t o cr e ate e le ctr o ni c dat a fi l e drawi ngs. A paper ori

g i n al i s produced on whi c h drawi ng signature requirem e nts are placed. Th e e le ctr o ni c dat a fi l e m u st
b e updated to include nam e s, initials, and dates. The paper original is now t h e act i v e ori g i n al and i s fi l
e d wi t h t h e confi gurat i on m a nager (C M ) , al ong wi t h t h e el ect roni c dat a fi l e whi c h m u st be used
for future changes.
W h e n a r e v i s i o n i s n e e d e d , a n E n g i n e e r i n g Or d e r ( CD ) p ap e r o r i g i n a l i s wr itt e n a n d su b m
itt e d t o t h e CM fo r d i str i b u ti o n a n d fi li n g . A ft e r n o m o r e th a n fi v e o u t sta n d i n g CD s ar e
wr itt e n , a n e w e l e ct r o n i c C A D d r aw i n g sh o u l d b e p r o d u c e d b y t h e o r i g i n a t i n g TBS group or
cont ract or. The changes shal l be recorded i n t h e r e v i si o n b l o c k , d a te d , a n d i n iti ale d . A n e w p a
p e r o r i g i n a l wit h th e ch an ge s in c o r p o r a te d , d at e d , an d in iti aled , sh al l re p lac e th e p r e v i o u s o
r i g i n a l i n th e C M fi le . T h e n e w o r i g i n a l sh al l b e so s t a m p e d , d a t e d , an d s i gn e d b y t h e C M
represent a t i v e.
CA D d a t a fi le s ar e t o b e sto r e d o n m e d i a th a t ar e co m p ati b l e wit h c u rr e n tl y u s e d T BS

syste m s. E ac h s t o r ag e m e d i u m m a y c o n t a i n o n e o r m o r e f i l e s . T h e fo llo win g sh al l acco m p
a n y eac h sto r ag e r eq u e st :
A com puter-generated list of inform ation contained on each piece of storage m e dium (for ex am ple: num
ber, drawing size, e tc.) .
The brand nam e of the com puter and software used to create the fi l e s, and t h e soft ware versi on num ber
i f pract i cal .
T BS r e q u i r e s t h a t C A D d a t a b e co n ve r t e d t o a s t an d ar d f o r m a t , su c h a s t h e D r awi n g In te r c h
a n g e Fil e (D XF ) o r (PDFFile)
Thi s t y pe of form at al l o ws t h e C AD dat a t o be read by di fferent t y pes of C AD syste m s. Fo r a

te ch n ica l o ve r vi ew.
Statements on Dimensioning
Dim e nsions shall be chosen and placed on drawings based on t h e part s i n t e rrel a t i onshi ps wi t h m a t i
ng part s, not t o in sig n i fican t th eo retical cen ter lin es.
Pri m ary , secondary , and t e rt i a ry dat u m feat ures shal l be l a bel e d i n al phabet i cal order when creat i
ng a new drawi ng.
D r aw i n g s o f p a r t s r e q u i r i n g t e m p l a t e s i n t h e f ab r i ca t i o n p r o c e s s an d t h e i r t e m p l a t e
d r aw i n g s m u s t b e d i m e n s i o n e d a l i k e . R e f e r t o t o o l i n g r e q u i r e d n o t e s i n “ D i m e n s i o n N o t e
s;
Use a m i ni m u m of reference di m e nsi ons on drawi ngs.
W h e n u si n g t r u e p o s i t i o n d i m e n si o n i n g* , t h e d i m e n s i o n f r o m
t h e f e a t u r e t o o t h e r e d ge s an d i t s p e r p e n d i cu l a r i t y r e l a t i o n sh i p t o a su r f ac e m u st be
ide n ti fi e d wit h d atu m le tt e r s . Im p lie d
dat u m s (when no dat u m l e t t e r(s) are speci fi ed) are no l onger accep tab le .
D i m e n si o n i n g an d t o l e r an c i n g sh a l l b e i n S I u n i t s an d d e ci m a l f r acti o n s o f t h e u n it. A l l li n
e a r d i m e n s i o n s sh al l b e i n m illi m e te r s an d d e ci m a l fr acti on s o f m illi m e te r s . A lth ou g h th e S I
u n i t f o r th e p lan e an g l e i s th e r ad ian , an gle s state d i n degrees, m i nut es, and seconds, or i n degrees
and deci m a l of a degree (preferred), shal l be used when di m e nsi oni ng part s. The num ber of decim a l
places in the dim e nsion shall be the sam e as the num ber of places in the requi red tolerance.
DESIGN REVIEW DOs AND DON'Ts
A l l d r aw i n g s sh o u l d ad h e r e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g gu i d e l i n e s:
Di me n s i o n p ar t s c o r r ec t l y . D i m e n si o n i n g sh a l l b e t o p r i m ar y o r m a t i n g su r f ac e s . Un w an te d
b u i ld u p o f to le r a n ce s b e tw e e n m a ti n g su r f ac e s sh o u l d b e a v o i d e d . D i m e n s i o n s to i n si g n i
fi ca n t t h e o r e ti ca l ce n te r li n e s ca n re s u l t i n m i stake s by th e m ach in ist , a s we l l a s th e
in sp e cto r s , b e ca u se o f th e m u lti p l e ad d i t i o n s an d su b t r a ct i o n s r e q u i r e d t o l o c a t e t h e f e a t
u r e i n r e l a t i o n t o o t h e r f e a t u r e s . W h e n e v e r p o ss i b l e , d i m e n s i o n s sh o u l d b e l e f t t o r i gh t
an d b o t t o m t o t o p (Q u a d r a n t I, al l p o s iti v e n u m b e r s) o r fr o m d a t u m s e sta b lis h e d b y d e
si g n requi rem e nt s.
D o n o t d et a il w eld men t p ar t s s e p a r a t e l y . Sin c e e ach p ar t m a y be fab ricate d b y a d i ff e r e n t m

a n u f ac t u r e r , t h e r e q u i r e d t o l e r an c i n g t y p i ca l l y c an n o t b e m e t , resul t i ng i n del a y s and addi t
i onal cost . Di fferent part s of a wel d m e nt shoul d be drawn on an Inseparabl e Assem b l y Drawi ng (Fi
gure 20 on page 44) so t h at th e o ve r al l asse m b l y to le r an cin g i s t h e r e sp o n sib ili t y o f a s in g l e m a
n u f a ct u r e r .
I mp li e d d at u m s ar e no l on ge r all o w ed . W h e n e v e r p o ss ib le , se le c t d at u m s t h a t a r e f u n c t i o n a l
t o t h e p a r t . A d a t u m sh o u l d a l w a y s b e a ss i gn e d t o a p h ysica l su r f ac e o r a fe atu r e o f siz e . W
h e n u s in g t r u e p o s iti o n d i m e n s io n in g ( b a s i c d i m e n si o n s ) , t h e d i m e n si o n s f r o m t h e f e a t u r e
t o o t h e r e d ge s an d i t s pe rp e nd icu lar it y r e lati o n sh i p to a su rf ac e m u st b e id en ti fi e d wit h
d atu m l e t t e r s. T h e co m b i n e d u sa g e o f p o s i t i o n a l t o l e r an c i n g w i t h p l u s an d m i n u s m e
t h o d s a s r e la te d t o b a si c d i m e n s io n e d p att e r n s i s d is co n ti n u e d an d r e p la ce d w i t h t h e c o m
p o s i t e t o l e r an c i n g m e t h o d . R e f e r t o A N S I Y 1 4 .5 M - 1 9 8 2 , “Di m ensi oni ng and Tol e ranci ng.” No
te : Although there is no requirem e nt that al l ho le s be tr u e p o siti o ne d , i t i s preferred t h at hol e pat t e
rns be t r ue posi t i oned, regardl e ss of use, si nce t o l e r an c i n g sp e c i f i e d i n t h e t r u e p o s i t i o n b l
o ck i s t h e c o n t r o l l i n g f a ct o r .
Drawings for parts produced using templates must be properly di men s i on e d an d to l er an c ed . L ac k o f d i

m e n s i o n i n g m a y r e su l t i n i n ad e q u a t e st r e s s an a l y s i s , f i t ch e ck i n g , an d / o r i n sp e c t i o n .
E n g i n e e r i n g an d t o o l i n g d r aw i n g s sh o u l d b e d i m e n s i o n e d a l i k e a n d r e l a t e d t o o n e an o t
h e r . R e f e r t o t o o l i n g r e q u i r e d n o t e s i n “ D i m e n s i o n N o t e s , ” p a r ag r ap h 2 .4 . 4 . 1 o n p a g e 1 6 .
U s e t h e l i s t o f ma t e r i a l f o r m a t c o r r e c t l y . T h e a ss e m b l y n u m b e r d o e s n o t g e t a n ite m n u m b e
r . W h il e t h e m a te r ia l i s p r o p e r l y a n ite m o n t h e Lis t o f M a t e r i a l , o n e n d p r o d u c t d r a w i n g s ,
t h e r e i s n o n e e d t o sp e c i f y e i t h e r t h e d r aw i n g n u m b e r o r a n i t e m n u m b e r i n t h e Li st o f M a
t e r i a l i f t h e r e i s o n l y o n e p a r t o r m a te r ial . A n ite m wit h th e sa m e m a te r ia l a n d sp
e cifi cati o n r e q u i r e s o n l y o n e ite m n u m b e r a n d “A / R ” (a s re q u i re d ) a s a q u a n ti ty . T h e v a
r i o u s m a te r ia l siz e s re qu ir e d ar e indicated on the field of the drawing, as is the case of i n separabl e
assem b l i e s (wel dm ent s , ri vet e d part s, et c.). Dash num bers are requi red onl y when t h ere i s a “show
n” (odd num ber) and “opposi t e” (even n u m b e r ) , wh e n t h e r e i s m o r e t h a n o n e as se m b l y v e r s i o n ,
o r wh e n t h e d r a w i n g i s o f a ta b u l ate d ty p e (r ef e r to ty p e s o f d r awi n g s ). M u lti d e tai l d r
awi n g s ar e n o t all o we d (r ef e r t o “D e tai l Dr a w i n g, ” p ar a gr ap h 4 . 3 o n p a g e 4 1 f o r e xp l an a t i
o n ).
Do not use “SK” (short for sketch) on any draw i n g that i s used to manufacture a part. Use onl y GSFC
drawi ng num bers when usi ng t h e TBS drawi ng form at ; cont ract or drawi ng num bers are used on t h e
cont ract or' s drawing form at. The Mech ani cal Engi neeri ng B r anch does not check or gi ve approval for
drawi ngs produced on cont ract or form at . C ont ract s shoul d speci fy t h at t h e cont ract or shal l suppl y
copi es of com p any speci fi cat i ons when usi ng cont ract or form at s.
S p e c i f y t h e i d en ti fi c ati o n o f p ar t s . T o m a in tai n tr ace ab ility , al l par t s sh ou l d b e i d ent

i f i e d b y i n k st a m p i n g w i t h t h e T B S d r aw i n g n u m b e r , r a t h e r t h a n b y baggi ng and t a ggi
ng. Use onl y l o w-out gassi ng i nk (speci fy ori g i n al source) and do not overcoat .
Sp e ci f y th e o r i gin a l m an u f a ct u r e r so u r ce o f su p p l y an d co m p le t e ad d r e ss . Lis t th e o r i g i n a l so
u r ce a n d co m p le t e a d d r e ss i n t h e Ge n e r a l No te s , a n d fl a g t h e m t o th e Lis t o f Mate r ia l o r
P ar ts List .
Speci fy regardl ess of feature si z e w h en appl yi ng to fi xed l o cati ons. Positional tolerance should be
specified as “Regardless of Feature Size” when ap p l y i n g t o t h r e a d i n s e r t s, t a p p e d h o l e l o c a t i o n s ,
an d s l i p f i t d e s i gn s .
Sp ec i f y lo o s e to l er an c e s w h er e p o s si bl e . T h e u s e o f t h e t r u e p o s i t i o n m e t h o d o f d i m e n s i
o n i n g sh o u l d n o t b e m i s t a ke n f o r a t i gh t e r t o l e r an c i n g co n t r o l sy st em . True posi t i on t o l e
ranci ng can be as l oose as t h e appl i cat i on shal l all o w. Lo o s e t o le r a n ce s m a k e i n sp ection easier
and allow fewer rejected part s.
Spe cif y a s fe w re f er e n c e dim en sio n s a s po ssib le . T o o m a n y r e f e r e n c e

di m e nsi ons m a ke checki ng, i n spect i on, and cost est i m at i ng m o re di ffi cul t .
Sp ec i f y p ro j ec t e d t ol er an c e z o ne di men s i on s w h er e app l ic ab l e . A d d a p r o je c t e d t o l e r an c e
z o n e d i m e n s i o n t o t h e t r u e p o s i t i o n t o l e r an c e wh e n
speci fy i ng t h readed i n sert s, t a pped hol es, or dowel pi ns. R e fer t o ANSI Y14.5M -1982.
Avoid double fixations. A pat t e rn of count ersunk hol es i n one part and t a p p e d h o l e s i n t h e m a t i n g
p a r t l e av e s n o t o l e r an c i n g f o r e i t h e r p ar t , r e su l t i n g i n b e n d i n g st r e s se s i n t h e sc r e w . I f
t h e s i t u a t i o n sh a l l a l l o w , c o u n t e r b o r e o n e of the parts and use a pan head screw. If not, drill out
the second part and use a nut in place of tapped holes. Matche d drilling should be avoided because of
lo ss o f in terch a n g eab ility.
Design a part so it can be made with the least amount of machine setups po ssib le .

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ENGINEERING

T h e T BS In du str ial Ser vice s In c. E ng i ne e r i n g D r aw i n g S t a nd a r d s Ma n ua l i s th e o ffi c ia l

Head of Engi neeri ng

Table of Paper Sizes From 4A0 to A10 – Figure 1

1.2. Multisheet Drawings

Mu ltish eet d r awin g s are p e rm itted in all sizes.

a. T h e fi r s t sh ee t o f a m u lti s h e e t d r awi n g sh al l alway s c o n t ai n t h e co m p le t e T itl e bl

b . A l l sh e e ts o f m u lti s h e e t d r awi n g s sh al l b e o f t h e sa m e le tt e r siz e . Us e o f m u lti s h e e t

1.4. Title Block and Revision Block

T itl e b l o c k s a n d re v i si o n b l o c k s sh al l b e p r e p are d a n d c o m p le te d a s f o ll o ws:

T h e T itl e b l o c k o f si n g l e- s h e e t d r awi n g s , fi r s t sh ee t s o f m u lti s h ee t d r awi n g s , a n d r e v i si o n

Figure 3: Examples of “List of Material”

1.5. Drawing Format

Tax i dent i fi ca t ion N umbe r

Sheet Contents / Drawing Scale

Checked by :/ Approved by:

Job Order Number

Ge n e r a l i n fo r m ati o n f o r t h e se le cti o n o r d e v e l o p m e n t o f a d r awi n g ti tl e i s a s f o ll o ws:

1. Ident i f y i ng noun or noun phrase.

“ C ab i n e t , E l e c t r i ca l E q u i p m e n t—Fire Pump System”

P are n t h e se s ar e n o t u s e d to e n cl o s e a n y p o r ti o n o f th e d r awi n g ti tle .

Up p e rcase Go th ic letters sh all b e u s ed .

T h e s a m e ab b r e v i a t i o n sh a l l b e u s e d f o r al l te n se s , th e p o sse ssiv e cas e an d th e si n gu l a r an d

P e ri o d s sh al l b e u s e d wit h a b b r e v iati o n s t h a t sp e l l e n ti r e w o r d s t o p r o v i d e cl ari t y

ANSI Am erican Natio n a l Stan d a rd In stitu te

Requirements on the Body of the Draw ing

Each p a rt listed in th e List o f Material (Parts List) m u st b e i d e n t i f i e d a t l e a s t o n c e b y a n It e m

Parts shall be bracketed, indica ti n g r e f e r e n c e , w h e n t h e y a r e i d e n t i f i e d b y n u m b e r an d a r e n o t

Requirements in the List of Material

a. T h e Lis t o f Mate r ia l i s a lis t o f al l p a r t s a n d m a te r ial s calle d o u t o n t h e d r a w i n g .

d. Quantities of Bulk Item s and placem ent:

The security classification “ T o p Se cr e t , ” “ Se cr e t , ” o r “ C o n f i d e n t i a l ” sh a l l b e l o c a t e d o n t h e

E ach sh e e t o f a m u lti s h ee t d r awi n g sh al l b e i n d i v i d u a ll y classifi e d a s to its con te n ts . T h e

A w ar n in g n o t e sh a l l b e in clu d e d ad jacen t to th e se cu r it y classification located above the Title

Notes of general character that d o n o t r e q u i r e l e ad e r s t o i n d i ca t e where t h ey appl y , and for whi c

General not es are num bered consecut i v el y downward. Not e n u m b e r s m a y b e i d e n t i f i e d o n th

Use either of the following statem e n t s a s m a i n h e ad in g f o r n o t e s : “Except as noted” or “Unless

ALL DIMENSIONS APPLY AFTER SURFACE TREATMENT.

DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.

Local Character Notes

General Dimensional Tolerance Notes

The general t o l e rances ent e red i n t h e suppl em ent a ry port i on of t h e T itl e b l o c k sh al l c o n t r o l

These drafting practices are to be em ploy ed i n t h e preparat i on of drawi ngs by T BS En gin ee r in g

D r aw i n g s m u s t b e co m p l e t e an d u n a m b i gu o u s i n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n . C o m p l e t e drawi ngs cont

Ink Lines and Plotted Lines

Penci l l i n es shal l be opaque and of uni form wi dt h t h roughout t h ei r l e ngt h.

D i m e nsio n lin e s sh al l te r m in ate i n ar r o w h e ad s a t e ac h e n d . T h e y shall be unbroken except

eaders shal l be used t o i ndi cat e a part or port i on t o whi c h a n u m b e r , n o t e , o r o t h e r d e f e r e n c e

Ph an to m lin es sh all b e u s ed to indicate the alternate position of p a r t s o f th e ite m d e li n eate d ,

Se cti on in g line s sh al l be use d t o in d ic at e th e e xp o se d su r f a ce s o f a n o b j e ct i n a se cti o n a l v

E xt e n sio n lin e s a r e u se d t o in d ic a t e t h e e x te n s io n o f a su r f a c e o r t o p o i n t to a l o cati o n o u t

H id d e n lin e s sh al l c o n s is t o f sh o r t d ash e s , e ve n l y sp ace d . Th e s e l i n e s ar e u se d t o sh o w t h e

Sti tc h li n e s sh al l b e u s e d t o i n d i cate th e sti tc h i n g o r se wi n g li n e s o n a n a r t i c l e an d sh a l l

Outlines or Visible Lines

The cutting-plane lines shall be used to indicate a plane or planes i n wh i c h a se ct i o n i s t a ke n . T h e

Lettering and Numerals

Al l l e t t e ri ng shal l be uppercase (capi t a l l e t t e rs). Num b ers shal l be Arabi c n u m e r a ls . T h e

Other than being uppercase Rom a n and placed in a horizontal r e ad i n g p o s i t i o n , t h e l e t t e r i n g

C e r t a i n d r a w i n g s o r f i gu r e s , b y t h e i r v e r y n a t u r e , can n o t b e d r aw n t o a specific scale (for

T o m a i n tai n c o n s iste n c y wit h ti tl e b l o c k call o u t fo r scale , d e tai l v i e ws sh al l b e n o t e d t

T h e scal e o f th e vie w sh al l b e state d o n l y w h e n i t d i ff e r s f r o m t h a t n o te d i n th e T itl e bloc

Positioning the Part on the Drawing

Un n e ce ssar y d e tai l sh al l b e o m itt e d fr o m al l v i e w s a n d se cti o n s i f clar it y i s no t sacr ifi ce d

T h e l o ca t i o n o f a s e c t i o n i s ind icate d b y a cu tti n g p lan e wit h reference l e t t e rs and arrowheads