Professional Documents
Culture Documents
USAGE EXAMPLE
precise time / a specific time at two o’clock at sunrise
(kesin, zaman (saat) ifadeleriyle) at lunch time at sunset
at bed time at down
at day break
parts of the day at noon – at midday – at night – at midnight
(günün bölümlerinde)
AT
on your birthday
on my wedding anniversary
on New Year’s Eve
some other expressions on your departure / arrival
(bazı kalıplaşmış ifadeler) on this occasion
on the weekend (AE)
used for usually longer periods of time. in the week
(Daha uzun zaman dilimlerinde kullanılır.)
a) specific months – aylar in June
b) specific seasons – mevsimler in Summer
c) specific years – yıllar in 2010 in the 1990’s
d) centuries – yüzyıllar in 21st century
parts of the day in the morning
günün bölümlerinde in the afternoon
IN
in the evening
to express future time starting from now in two days (iki gün içinde)
(gelecek ifadelerinde) He’ll be here in two hours.
other expressions in those / these days
kalıplaşmış ifadeler in her day
in modern times
in the past / future
in the presence of my friend
OTHER PREPOSITIONS WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS
(Diğer Zaman Edatları)
after later than something I’ll meet you after school.
... sonra
before earlier than something I hadn’t seen her before last summer.
... önce
ago how far something happened They last met two years ago.
... önce
for period of time We have been together for 5 years.
.... süredir, boyunca
since point of time Since we met, we have travelled a lot.
... den beri
from ... the length of time The seminar is from 2.30 p.m. to / till /
to / till / until ... den ... e kadar until 3.30 p.m.
within during a period of time Don’t worry – I’ll be back within a week.
... içinde
around approximate time We should arrive around 7 o’clock,
………civarında depending on traffic.
up to not more than a specific time You can work up to 6 hours a day.
... e kadar
during inside a particular period of time I woke up during / in the night.
... içinden, boyunca, sırasında We will be on holiday during / in the
a) Çoğunlukla IN ile eş anlamlı olarak kullanılır. Summer.
b) Sürecin başlangıcından sonuna kadar olan There was no question during the entire
süreç vurgulanıyorsa DURING kullanılır. meeting.
BY vs UNTIL
Her ikisi de “... e kadar” anlamı verir ve bir olayın ne kadar devam edeceğini belirtmek için kullanılır. İkisi
arasındaki ayrımı şu şekilde yapabiliriz.
Until ⇒ Eylem belirtilen zamana kadar devam ettiğinde kullanılır.
• They lived in a small house until September.
Eylül’e kadar geçen süre zarfında küçük bir evde yaşadılar.
• Details won’t be available until January.
Until’den sonra cümle kullanılabilir.
• He didn’t sleep until his son called.
BY ⇒ Eylem belirten zaman veya öncesinde herhangi bir zamanda gerçekleştiğinde kullanılır.
Genellikle olabilecek son anı vurgulamak için kullanılır. (to indicate deadline)
• You have to finish by August.
= Ağustos’a kadar bitirmelisin; en son tarih Ağustos ama ondan önce herhangi bir zamanda da bitirebilirsin.
by sadece isimlerle kullanılır.
“by the time”dan sonra cümle gelebilir.
IN TIME vs ON TIME
in time ⇒ (early enough) zamanında, geç olmayacak şekilde
• We got to the airport in time to have a cup of coffee.
• I was about to close the door, just in time I remembered my keys.
on time ⇒ (at the right time, on schedule) tam zamanında, planlanan zamanda
• The plane took off on time.
ON THE DOT = precisely on time
2. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
(Yer Edatları)
Diğer edatlara geçmeden önce; üçü de önüne geldikleri yer ismine –de, –da anlamı katan IN – ON – AT
edatlarına değineceğiz.
AT IN ON
POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE
belli bir noktada içerisinde yüzeyinde
at the corner in the garden on the wall
at the bus stop in Antep on the ceiling
at the top of the pace in Turkey on the cover
at the entrance in a box on the floor
at the crossroads in pocket on the carpet
at the front desk in a car / taxi / boat / helicopter on the menu
at the door (kapıda) in a lift / elevator on the door (kapının üzerinde)
in the newspaper on the pace
in the sky on a bus / plane / train / ship
in a row on a bicycle / motorbike
on a horse / elephant
on the radio / television
on the right / left
on the way
NO PREPOSITIONS
downstairs / upstairs
downtown / uptown
inside / outside
here / there
kelimelerinin önünde edat kullanılmaz.
Prepositions of place and direction
ask someone out invite on a date He doesn’t have the courage to ask her out.
ask around ask many people the some I’ll ask around to find out what people are thinking.
question
back smt up reverse You have to back the car up to make a U turn.
blow up explode The old soldier can’t forget the bombs blowing up.
break down stop functioning I had to climb the stairs because the elevator had broken down.
break in (to) force entry to a building He was caught while trying to break in our house.
break up end a relationship When he lost his job, his marriage broke up.
break out develop suddenly Fighting broke out among prisoners.
bring up raise a child I was brought up by my grand parents after my parents died.
bring smt up mention He always brings up to subject of money.
call off cancel The trip might be called off because of uprising situation in the
country
call on smb visit someone Why don’t you call on us before you leave.
call up draft They called up many young people when the war broke out.
calm down relax It took him a long time to calm down after the fight.
catch up (with) to get the same point as smb Run faster. The police will catch up with us.
else
check in register at a hotel or airport Our passengers are required to check in one hour before their
flight.
check out leave a hotel / investigate You must check out by 12 noon.
They check out the information given by witnesses.
cheer up make / become happier He tried to cheer up to players when they lost the game.
come across meet / find by chance I came across some old paintings in the attic.
come apart split into pieces It came apart when I touch it.
come down with become sick She came down with fever.
count on / upon rely on, depend on You can count on your family.
cut down reduce If you obey the rules, you can cut down accidents.
cut down on eat / use less You should cut down on fatty food.
cut smt off stop supply The company cut off our electricity.
cut out stop operating My car cut out on the way to home.
get away with do smt without detection Do you think you will get away with cheating?
get on like smb She always gets on well with her friends.
get over recover It may take days to get over the flu.
get through succeed It was their love that got them through difficult times.
give away reveal a secret Be careful. Don’t give away our secret party.
give of devote, contribute They give of themselves to improve the quality of education.
give up stop trying, abandon Never give up the hope that you will get over.
go with look good with This shirt doesn’t go with your pants.
grow into develop so as to become The decent boy grew into a devil in time.
grow out of become too big for My son needs new clothes. He’s grown out of the old ones.
hand down give to younger generations Their house was handed down to them from their father.
hang about / around spend time doing nothing This square is always full of young people hanging around / about.
hang out with spend time with He hangs out with older people.
hang up finish a phone call I have to hang up. Mum is waiting for me.
keep from prevent somebody from My parents keep me from seeing my friends.
keep on continue / go on She kept on studying despite hard times she had.
keep up with progress at the same rate You should pause to let him keep up with you.
let down disappoint He let me down when he failed the test second time.
look after take care of I have to look after my brother at the weekends.
look down on consider inferior She looks down on people in poor financial position.
look for try to find, search I’m looking for my gloves.
look forward to be excited about I’m looking forward to spending time with you.
look into investigate The dedectives looked into case.
make away with steal He is said to have made away with millions of dollars.
make off with
make for head for When we made for home, it was too late.
make into convert After I left home, my mum made my room into a dining room.
make out understand I don’t make out what you mean.
see, hear I could hardly make out the signs through the fog.
make over transfer Before he defected to another country he made over his property
to his wife.
make up for compensate His boss offered him a vacation to make up for his overtime hours.
pass away die His mother passed away two years ago.
pass out faint Some audience passed out because of hot weather.
pick out choose I picked out a nice watch for her birthday.
put about start a rumour The opposition party put about a rumor that he had accepted a
bribe.
put away put in its place You should put away your clothes after you change.
put forward propose The committee accepted none of the suggestions they put
forward.
put out extinguish The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
put through connect It took ten minutes the secretary to put me through her boss.
put smt, together assemble He is good at putting things together.
put up erect, build They will put up new blocks in the place of park.
put up with tolerate I can’t put up with his stupid behaviour anymore.
run across meet, find by dance I ran across some old photos of his while tidying up his room.
run into
run smt off print We need to run off 20 copies of the report.
set aside separate, save We set aside about 1000 TL each month.
set off start a journey We set off early to avoid the traffic jam.
set out
show off try to make people admire you He always shows off on his skateboard.
sort out organize, resolved problem It took a long time to sort out the mess.
take after resemble His daughter takes after her in fashion sense.
take smt apart break into pieces He took the car engine apart to find the problem.
take off remove a piece of clothing I felt excited as the plane took off.
lift off
take on undertake The President took on a difficult job.
take over take the control of The stronger company took over the weaker one.
try on test its fit I’m going to try this skirt on but I think it won’t fit.
try out test We tried out a new method of using cell phone.
use smt up finish supply We used up all of the sugar, so we need to buy some more.
wear away become thinner, smoother In time, its cloth will wear away.
work out calculate We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.