PREPOSITION

(Edatlar & İlgeçler)

Bu başlık altında şu konuları inceleyeceğiz.

1. Prepositions of Time = Zaman Edatları

2. Prepositions of Place = Yer Edatları
3. Prepositions used with nouns, adjectives and verbs = İsimler, sıfatlar ve fiillerle kullanılan edatlar.
4. Phrasal verbs = Kalıplaşmış ifadeler, fiiller

1. ZAMAN EDATLARI – PREPOSITION OF TIME

Zaman ifadeleri ile birlikte kullanılan bu edatlardan en yaygın ve karmaşık olanları IN – ON – AT edatlarıdır. Bu
edatlarda anlam, mantık aramak yerine onları bütüncül olarak öğrenmek daha doğru olur.

USAGE EXAMPLE
precise time / a specific time at two o’clock at sunrise
kesin, zaman (saat) ifadeleriyle kullanılır. at lunch time at sunset
at bed time at down
at day break
parts of the day at noon – at midday – at night – at midnight
günün bölümlerinde
AT

some special occasions – belirli kutlamalarla at Christmas – at Easter

some other expressions at the same time
bazı kalıplaşmış ifadeler at present – at the present time
at the moment
at the weekend (BE)
at the end of day
with days and dates on Monday
içerisinde gün kelimesi veya anlamı barındıran ifadelerle kullanılır. on 12th May
on Friday morning
on the afternoon of the 6th
on Independence Day
on Christmas Day
ON

on your birthday
on my wedding anniversary
on New Year’s Eve
some other expressions on your departure / arrival
bazı kalıplaşmış ifadeler on this occasion
on the weekend (AE)
used for usually longer periods of time. in the week
Daha uzun zaman dilimlerinde kullanılır.
a) specific months – aylar in June
b) specific seasons – mevsimler in Summer
c) specific years – yıllar in 2010 in the 1990’s
d) centuries – yüzyıllar in 21st century
parts of the day in the morning
günün bölümlerinde in the afternoon
IN

in the evening
to express future time starting from now in two days (iki gün içinde)
gelecek ifadelerinde He’ll be here in two hours.
other expressions in those / these days
kalıplaşmış ifadeler in her day
in modern times
in the past / future
in the presence of my friend
EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentences with IN - ON - AT
1. There was a loud noise which woke us up _________________ midnight.
2. Do you usually eat chocolate _________________ Eastern?
3. My father always reads the paper _________________ breakfast time.
4. The trees here are really beautiful _________________ the spring.
5. I will see you _________________ Thursday evening then.
6. Mobile phones became popular _________________ the nineties.
7. Luckily the weather was perfect _________________ my wedding day.
8. He had a terrible journey _________________ Christmas Eve 2003.
9. He is leaving _________________ Saturday _________________ noon.
10. I don’t know what time I’ll be back _________________ the evening.
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11. We will meet _________________ her birthday. It is _________________ the 1 of May.
12. That was the tallest building in Tokyo _________________ my time.
13. She was arrested _________________ her arrival.
14. I bought this computer _________________ the start of summer.

OTHER PREPOSITIONS WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS

(Diğer Zaman Edatları)
after later than something I’ll meet you after school.
... sonra
before earlier than something I hadn’t seen her before last summer.
... önce
ago how far something happened They last met two years ago.
... önce
for period of time We have been together for 5 years.
.... süredir, boyunca
since point of time Since we met, we have travelled a lot.
... den beri
from ... the length of time The seminar is from 2.30 p.m. to / till /
to / till / until ... den ... e kadar until 3.30 p.m.
within during a period of time Don’t worry – I’ll be back within a week.
... içinde
around approximate time We should arrive around 7 o’clock,
………civarında depending on traffic.
up to not more than a specific time You can work up to 6 hours a day.
... e kadar
during inside a particular period of time I woke up during / in the night.
... içinden, boyunca, sırasında We will be on holiday during / in the
a) Çoğunlukla IN ile eşanlamlı olarak kullanılır. Summer.
b) Sürecin başlangıcından sonuna kadar olan There was no question during the entire
süreç vurgulanıyorsa DURING kullanılır. meeting.
DETAILS
BY vs UNTIL
Her ikisi de “... e kadar” anlamı verir ve bir olayın ne kadar devam edeceğini belirtmek için kullanılır. İkisi
arasındaki ayrımı şu şekilde yapabiliriz.
Until  Eylem belirtilen zamana kadar devam ettiğinde kullanılır.
 They lived in a small house until September.
Eylül’e kadar geçen süre zarfında küçük bir evde yaşadılar.
 Details won’t be available until January.
Until’den sonra cümle kullanılabilir.
 He didn’t sleep until his son called.

BY  Eylem belirten zaman veya öncesinde herhangi bir zamanda gerçekleştiğinde kullanılır.
Genellikle olabilecek son anı vurgulamak için kullanılır. (to indicate deadline)
 You have to finish by August.
= Ağustos’a kadar bitirmelisin; en son tarih Ağustos ama ondan önce herhangi bir zamanda da bitirebilirsin.
by sadece isimlerle kullanılır.
“by the time”dan sonra cümle gelebilir.

EXERCISE 2: Complete the sentences with BY or UNTIL

1. I’ll keep phoning you ____________ you pay me.
2. She will be staying at the hotel ____________ Friday.
3. She’ll be here at five ____________ which time you mustn’t leave.
4. She’ll be here at five ____________ which time you have to finish the work.
5. We’ll wait ____________ Tony is here.
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6. The application must be in ____________ the 1 of May.
7. You have to decide whether you will apply for the job ____________ Friday.
8. ____________ the time we finished dinner, it was too late to go to the movie.

IN TIME vs ON TIME
in time  (early enough) zamanında, geç olmayacak şekilde.
 We got to the airport in time to have a cup of coffee.
 I was about to close the door, just in time I remembered my keys.
on time  (at the right time, on schedule) tam zamanında, planlanan zamanda.
 The plane took off on time.
ON THE DOT = precisely on time
EXERCISE 3: Complete with in or on.
1. We were up very early, ___________ time to see the sunrise.
2. How can the buses possibly run ___________ time with all these traffic jans.
3. The post goes at five. I hope to get this letter written ___________ time.
4. The coach will be here at 12:21 if it is ___________ time.
5. If the plane is late, we won’t get to Paris ___________ time for our connecting flight.

EXERCISE 4:
Zaman ifadelerini doğru şekilde tamamlayabilecek alternatifleri işaretleyiniz.

in on at by during
the weekend X    
June
rainy day
Friday night
the summer
her twenties
ancient times
second century
Middle ages
noon
lunch hour

EXERCISE 5: Read the beginning of Steve Jobs biography and fill in with correct prepositions.

in – on – at

Steven Paul Jobs was born ____________(1) February 24, 1955 ____________(2) San Francisco. His unwed
biological parents put him up for adoption. Steve was adopted by a lower-middle-class couple, who moved to he
suburban city of Mountain View a couple of years later. The Santa Clara county became known as Silicon Valley
____________(3) the early 1950s. As a result, young Steve Jobs grew up ____________(4) a neighborhood of
engineers working on electronics ____________(5) their garages ____________(6) weekends. This shaped his
interest in the field as he grew up. ____________(7) the age 13, he met one the most important people
____________(8) his life: 18-year-old Stephen Wozniak.
 2. PREPOSITION OF PLACE
(Yer Edatları)

Diğer edatlara geçmeden önce; üçü de önüne geldikleri yer ismine –de, –da anlamı katan IN – ON – AT
edatlarına değineceğiz.

AT IN ON
POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE
belli bir noktada içerisinde yüzeyinde
at the corner in the garden on the wall
at the bus stop in Antep on the ceiling
at the top of the pace in Turkey on the cover
at the entrance in a box on the floor
at the crossroads in pocket on the carpet
at the front desk in a car / taxi / boat / helicopter on the menu
at the door (kapıda) in a lift / elevator on the door (kapının üzerinde)
in the newspaper on the pace
in the sky on a bus / plane / train / ship
in a row on a bicycle / motorbike
on a horse / elephant
on the radio / television
on the right / left
on the way

NO PREPOSITION
downstairs / upstairs
downtown / uptown
inside / outside
here / there
kelimelerinin önünde edat kullanılmaz.
Prepositions of place and direction

Preposition Meaning Examples

above higher than something The picture hangs above my bed.
üzerinde, yukarısında
across from one side to the other side You mustn’t go across this road here.
karşısında There isn’t a bridge across the river.
after one follows the other The cat ran after the dog.
sonra, arkasında After you.
against directed towards something The bird flew against the window.
... doğru
along in a line; from one point to another They’re walking along the beach.
boyunca
among in a group I like being among people.
arasında
around in a circular way We’re sitting around the campfire.
etrafında
behind at the back of Our house is behind the supermarket.
arkasında
below lower than something Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level.
aşağısında
beside next to Our house is beside the supermarket.
yanında
between in the space separating two or more object Our house is between the supermarket and
arasında the school.

by near He lives in the house by the river.

yakınında
close to near Our house is close to the supermarket.
yakınında
down from high to low He came down the hill.
aşağı doğru
from the place where it starts Dou you come from Tokyo?
... den / ... dan
in front of the part that is in the direction it faces Our house is in front of the supermarket.
önünde
inside opposite of outside You shouldn’t stay inside the castle.
içinde
into entering something / to a position You shouldn’t go into the castle.
içine
near close to Our house is near the supermarket.
yakınında
 Preposition Meaning Examples
next to beside Our house is next to the supermarket.
yanında
off away from something The cat jumped off the roof.
uzağında
onto moving to a place The cat jumped onto the roof.
üstüne
opposite on the other side Our house is opposite the supermarket.
karşısında
out of leaving something The cat jumped out of the window.
dışına
outside opposite of inside Can you wait outside?
dışında
over above something / somebody The cat jumped over the wall.
üzerinde
past going near something / somebody Go past the post office.

round in a circle We’re sitting round the campfire.

etrafında
through going from one point to the other point You shouldn’t walk through the forest.
boyunca
to towards something / somebody I like going to Australia.
...e / ...a Can you come to me?
I’ve never been to Africa.
towards in the direction of something We ran towards the castle.
...e / ...a doğru
under below something The cat is under the table.
aşağısında
up from low to high He went up the hill.
yukarı doğru

EXERCISE 6: Complete with at – on – out of (2) – away – outside – down –out – through – to

1) _________ o’clock 2) _______ Sunday morning a stange noise woke him up . He looked 3) _________
window and saw somebody driving his car 4) _______. He ran 5) _________ the stairs. Fortunately, he didn’t
break anything, but by the time he got 6) _______ they had driven his car 7) _________ sight. When he went
back to the house, he discovered that somebody had locked him 8) _________. As he was climbing in 9)
_________ the window, a policeman saw him and thought he was a burglar. The policeman arrested him and
took him 10) _________ the police station.
 ADVANCED – DETAILED POINTS
alongside   next to, near or along (yanında, boyunca)
 Much of the industry is located alongside the rivers.
 together with, with (birlikte)
 He worked alongside them for many years.
amid / amidst / mid / midst  in or in the middle of (ortasında)
 Having grown up amid farmers, he still thinks himself as a country boy.
amongst  among – amid (arasında)
 Amongst the speakers was a new ambassador.
before  in front of (önünde)
 She fell down before my eyes.
beneath  below – underneath (altında)
 The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow.
beyond   on the farther side of / on the other side of (ötesinde)
 They heard footsteps in the main room, beyond a door.
 out of range
 What he had done was beyond my comprehension.
but  except, save (hariç)
 They sold out all the toys but the little doll.
concerning / regarding  about (hakkında)
 We will have a meeting concerning / regarding the new policy.
excluding  excepting (hariç)
 The winner will be given a full holiday excluding transportation.
including  together with, as well as (dahil)
 There are 100 participants from different countries including 3 Japanese.
 Fill in the details, including your name and address.
per  out of, for each (...de, ...da)
 We have less than one mistake per page.
 The dinner will cost $ 10 per person.
throughout  through the whole of a place and a period of time. (boyunca)
 The same words are repeated throughout the story.
 It is very common throughout the continent.
via  by way of, by means (yoluyla)
 We will return home via Ankara.
versus (vs)  against, in contrast with (karşı(n))
 Population increase is 8% versus 2% we expected.
 Galatasaray vs Fenerbahçe soccor match.
along with together with (... ile birlikte)
 She keeps her money in a chest along with her jewelry.
ahead  farther than someone or something (önünde)
 She got ahead of many athletes in the race.
as of  at, on, from (... de, ... den itibaren)
 The contract ends as of June, 3 .
rd

aside from  excluding, except for (hariç)

 Aside from the working hours, he is satisfied with working conditions.
prior to = preceding, before (önce)
 Prior to your visit to the old town, you should read some guide books.
regardless of  in spite of, with no need to (rağmen, bakmaksızın)
 Try to continue regardless of past failure.
subsequent to  at a later time, after (sonra)
 Subsequent to her arrest, she was taken to jail.
as for = considering, regarding (hakkında, konusunda)
 As for my financial situation, I can survive.
as well as  in addition to (ek olarak)
 Being a leader requires courage as well as knowledge.
by means of  using a method or system, though the use of (yoluyla, yöntemiyle)
 Leaders can succeed by means of patience.
in accordance with  according to (... e göre)
 This product is to be used only in accordance with the instructions.
in place of  instead of, in lieu of, in substitution of (yerine)
 We will adapt a new programme in place of the old one.
on behalf of  speaking or acting for (adına)
 On behalf of our mayor, I greet everybody present.
on account of  because of, due to, owing to (... den dolayı)
 Herbs have been used for centuries on account of their healing properties.
with / in respect to  about, of (hakkında, konusunda)
 With respect to safety, this city is preferable to many others.
with / in regard to  concerning (konusunda)
 With regard to accomadation, it is one of the best places.
by virtue of  because of (... den dolayı, sebebiyle)
 He will be promoted by virtue of his connections.
in line with  similar to (benzer şekilde)
 The number of audience was in line with what was expected.
EXERCISE 7: Here are articles of “human rights”. They need to be completed with correct
prepositions.

1. All human beings are born free and equal ________ dignity and rights. They are endowed ________ reason
and conscience and should act ________ one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (in - towards - with)

2. All are equal ___________ the law and are entitled ________ any discrimination ________ equal protection
of the law. (without - to - before)

3. Everyone has the right to freedom ________ movement and residence ________ the borders of each state.
(of - within)

4. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, ________ least ________ the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall
be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible ________ all ________ the
basis of merit. (on - in - at - to)

5. ________ the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only ________ such limitations
as are determined ________ law solely ________ the purpose of securing due recognition and respect
________ the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order
and the general welfare ________ a democratic society. (for (2) - by - in(2) - to)

6. Everyone has the right to a standard ________ living adequate ________ the health and well-being
________ himself and ________ his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary
social services, and the right to security ________ the event of unemployment, sickness, disability,
widowhood, old age or other lack ________ livelihood ________ circumstances ________ his control.
(of(4) - beyond - in(2) - for)

7. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, ________
national effort and international co-operation and ________ accordance ________ the organization and
resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable ________ his dignity and
the free development ________ his personality. (with - of - for - through - in)

8. Everyone has the right to take part ________ the government ________ his country, directly or ________
freely chosen representatives. (in - through - of)

9. Everyone has the right ________ own property alone as well as ________ association ________ others.
(with - in - to)

10. These rights and freedoms may ________ no case be exercised contrary ________ the purposes and
principles ________ the United Nations. (of - in - to)
EXERCISE 8: One of the prepositions is wrong on each line. Cross out the wrong one and write the
correct preposition.
Her bir satırda yalnış kullanılmış edatı düzeltelim.
1. Living free from violence is a human right, yet millions of women and girls suffer by

2. violence both on peace and war, at the hands of the state, in the home and community.

3. To the globe, women are beaten, raped, mutilated, and killed with impunity.

4. Gender-based violence stems with the failure of governments and societies to recognize

5. the human rights of women. It is rooted in a global culture to discrimination which denies

6. women equal rights from men and which legitimizes the appropriation of women’s bodies

7. for individual gratification or political ends. Everyday, all in the world, women face

8. gender-specific persecution and domestic violence. By least one out of every three

9. women worldwide has been beaten, forced into sex, or otherwise abused for her lifetime.

3. COMBINATIONS
Pek çok sıfat, isim ve fiilden sonra belli edatlar kullanılır. Bu yapılar kalıplaşmıştır ve belli bir kurala bağlı
olmaksızın kullanılırlar.
1) Some Common Examples of Verb Preposition Combinations
(Yaygın olarak kullanılan Fiil  Edat kalıplarına örnekler)

COMMON VERB + PREPOSITIONS LIST

accuse smb of exclude someone from something
adapt to experiment on
adjust to explain to someone
admit to someone forgive someone for something
agree on something gaze at
agree with somebody glare at
apologize to somebody insist on
apologize for something interfere in / with
appeal to introduce to
apply for invest in
approve of laugh about something
argue with someone laugh at someone
argue about something listen to
base on long for
beg for look at
begin with object to
believe in participate in
belong to pay for
benefit from persist in
blame someone for something pray for
blame something on someone prevent from
borrow from prohibit from
care for / about provide someone with
charge someone with something punish someone for something
collide with react to
come from recover from
comment on refer to
communicate with relate to
compare with / to rely on
complain to someone remind of
complain about something reply to
compliment on something resign from
congratulate on respond to
concentrate on result in
confess to search for
consent to sentence someone to
consist of share with
convict someone of shout at
contribute to smile at
convince of spend on
correspond with stare at
count on stem from
crash into subject to
deal with subscribe to
decide on substitute for
dedicate to suffer from
delight in suspect someone of something
depend on / upon talk to someone
derive from talk about something
deter from thank for
detract from vote for
discourage from wait for
distinguish between warn about
dream of / about wish for
energe from work for
escape from worry about
excuse someone of write to someone
yearn for
2) Some Common Examples of Adjectives Preposition Combinations
(Yaygın olarak kullanılan Sıfat  Edat kalıplarına örnekler)

ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION LIST

good surprised
kind shocked
AT / BY something
nice amazed
rude astonish
polite
TO someone good
friendly
generous excellent
AT something
cruel brilliant
married hopeless
engaged famous
FOR something
accustomed responsible
addicted
afraid
committed
TO something scared
dedicated
frightened
devoted
terrified
similar
proud OF someone/something
angry
ashamed
furious
exited jealous
anxious envious
ABOUT something fond
worried
upset full
sorry short
concerned aware
angry conscious OF something
furious WITH someone capable
annoyed tired
pleased guilty
delighted
keen ON something
satisfied
content WITH something interested IN something
disappointed
bored
fed up
3) Some Common Examples of Noun Preposition Combinations
(Yaygın olarak kullanılan İsim  Edat kalıplarına örnekler)
NOUN + PREPOSITION LIST
addiction
dedication
devotion
reaction
alternative
reply TO
damage
invitation
solution
answer
key
advantage
disadvantage
fear
habit
love
memory
OF
process
benefit
lack
cause
example
cost
anxiety ABOUT
belief
delay
experience
interest
IN
increase
decrease
rise
fall
credit
fondness
reason
regret
reputation
responsibility
FOR
talent
application
demand
order
request
need
report
tax ON
advice
trouble
matter
relationship WITH
connection
contact
 4. PHRASAL VERBS

ask someone out invite on a date He doesn’t have the courage to ask her out.
ask around ask many people the some I’ll ask around to find out what people are thinking.
question
add up to equal produce a result Rising unemployment rate added up to crises.
back smt up reverse You have to back the car up to make a U turn.
blow up explode The old soldier can’t forget the bombs blowing up.
break down stop functioning I had to climb the stairs because the elevator had broken down.
break in (to) force entry to a building He was caught while trying to break in our house.
break up end a relationship When he lost his job, his marriage broke up.
break out develop suddenly Fighting broke out among prisoners.
bring up raise a child I was brought up by my grand parents after my parents died.
bring smt up mention He always brings up to subject of money.
call off cancel The trip might be called off because of uprising situation in the
country
call on smb visit someone Why don’t you call on us before you leave.
call up draft They called up many young people when the war broke out.
calm down relax It took him a long time to calm down after the fight.
catch up (with) to get the same point as smb Run faster. The police will catch up with us.
else
check in register at a hotel or airport Our passengers are required to check in one hour before their
flight.
check out leave a hotel / investigate You must check out by 12 noon.
They check out the information given by witnesses.
cheer up make / become happier He tried to cheer up to players when they lost the game.
come across meet / find by chance I came across some old paintings in the attic.
come apart split into pieces It came apart when I touch it.
come down with become sick She came down with fever.
count on / upon rely on, depend on You can count on your family.
cut down reduce If you obey the rules, you can cut down accidents.
cut down on eat / use less You should cut down on fatty food.
cut in interrupt Don’t cut in while others are speaking.
cut smt off stop supply The company cut off our electricity.
cut out stop operating My car cut out on the way to home.
do away with discard It is time to do away with old staff.
do in kill The mafia did him in.
do over repeat My teacher asked me to do my project over because I made a lot
of mistakes.
do up fasten Do up your coat before you get out.
drop out withdraw from participation He dropped out of school.
fall apart break into pieces When she sat down, the chair fell apart.
figure out understand I can’t figure out how it works.
fill in write information Fill in the form and hand it in.
find out discover She found out that he was married.
get along have good relationship My sisters never get along.
get away with do smt without detection Do you think you will get away with cheating?
get by manage, survive If we economize, we can get by.
get down depress Rainy weather gets me down.
get off leave She got off after lunch.
get on like smb She always gets on well with her friends.
get over recover It may take days to get over the flu.
get through succeed It was their love that got them through difficult times.
give away reveal a secret Be careful. Don’t give away our secret party.
give in surrender The rebels will have to give in.
give of devote, contribute They give of themselves to improve the quality of education.
give off emit Chemical changes give off energy.
give up stop trying, abandon Never give up the hope that you will get over.
go against complete, oppose I can’t stand my children going against me.
go at attack Members went at each other.
go for try hard for something Go for the gold!
go off explode The bomb went off in the city centre.
make a sound, ring The siren went off immediately after the earthquake.
go out extinguish Close the windows. Candles will go out.
go over review Please go over your work before you present it.
go through experience We went through hard times while working abroad.
go under fail, ruin The company went under because of bad management.
go with look good with This shirt doesn’t go with your pants.
grow into develop so as to become The decent boy grew into a devil in time.
grow out of become too big for My son needs new clothes. He’s grown out of the old ones.
hand down give to younger generations Their house was handed down to them from their father.
hand in submit You are to hand in your essays by next Friday.
hand out distribute They handed out leaflets to the visitors.
hang in persevere He hangs in despite all difficulities.
hang about / around spend time doing nothing This square is always full of young people hanging around / about.
hang on wait / hold on Hang on a minute, please.
hang out with spend time with He hangs out with older people.
hang up finish a phone call I have to hang up. Mum is waiting for me.
hold back prevent somebody / something I couldn’t hold my tears back.
doing hide feelings
hold down limit We will try to hold down the noise during the party.
hold to remain loyal to She didn’t hold to her promises.
keep from prevent somebody from My parents keep me from seeing my friends.
keep on continue / go on She kept on studying despite hard times she had.
keep up with progress at the same rate You should pause to let him keep up with you.
let down disappoint He let me down when he failed the test second time.
look after take care of I have to look after my brother at the weekends.
look down on consider inferior She looks down on people in poor financial position.
look for try to find, search I’m looking for my gloves.
look forward to be excited about I’m looking forward to spending time with you.
look into investigate The dedectives looked into case.
look out be careful Look out! You might fall.
look over examine, check You should have looked over your proposal before the meeting.
look up to admire, respect My family have always looked up to me.
make away with steal He is said to have made away with millions of dollars.
make off with
make for head for When we made for home, it was too late.
make into convert After I left home, my mum made my room into a dining room.
make out understand I don’t make out what you mean.
see, hear I could hardly make out the signs through the fog.
make over transfer Before he defected to another country he made over his property
to his wife.
make up constitute, form Young generation in Turkey makes up a large proportion of
population.
invent I think you made up this story. It can’t be true.
make up for compensate His boss offered him a vacation to make up for his overtime hours.
pass away die His mother passed away two years ago.
pass out faint Some audience passed out because of hot weather.
pick out choose I picked out a nice watch for her birthday.
put about start a rumour The opposition party put about a rumor that he had accepted a
bribe.
put away put in its place You should put away your clothes after you change.
put back postpone We had to put the meeting back.
put down belittle, insult Students always try to put their teacher down.
write down Put down your personal information.
put forward propose The committee accepted none of the suggestions they put
forward.
put in invest The airport put a lot of money in new building.
put off delay He puts off paying his debt.
put on wear Put on a coat and follow me.
put out extinguish The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
 put through connect It took ten minutes the secretary to put me through her boss.
put smt, together assemble He is good at putting things together.
put up erect, build They will put up new blocks in the place of park.
put up with tolerate I can’t put up with his stupid behaviour anymore.
run across meet, find by dance I ran across some old photos of his while tidying up his room.
run into
run after chase Children are running after each other.
run away escape, flee He ran away from home and has been missing for a week.
run smt off print We need to run off 20 copies of the report.
run out expire My contract runs out next month.
use up, become used up Our supplies finally ran out.
run over knock down I accidentally ran over your bicycle.
set about start We had better set about the task.
set aside separate, save We set aside about 1000 TL each month.
set off start a journey We set off early to avoid the traffic jam.
set out
set up establish They wait to set up a new political party.
show off try to make people admire you He always shows off on his skateboard.
sort out organize, resolved problem It took a long time to sort out the mess.
take after resemble His daughter takes after her in fashion sense.
take smt apart break into pieces He took the car engine apart to find the problem.
take in absorb, understand I couldn’t take in a word in his lecture.
take off remove a piece of clothing I felt excited as the plane took off.
lift off
take on undertake The President took on a difficult job.
take smb on hire We will take on ten new staff.
take over take the control of The stronger company took over the weaker one.
take up occupy This piano takes up most of the room.
begin an activity
try on test its fit I’m going to try this skirt on but I think it won’t fit.
try out test We tried out a new method of using cell phone.
use smt up finish supply We used up all of the sugar, so we need to buy some more.
wear away become thinner, smoother In time, its cloth will wear away.
wear off diminish The pain started to wear off.
wear out exhaust All the housework wears my mother out.
work out calculate We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.

 smt.  something  smb  somebody