The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can

be categorized into three major areas:

Literary elements
Technical elements
Performance elements

Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher who lived from 384 to 322 BC. Writings
continue to have an impact on us now. He was the first to put pen to paper. More than
2,000 words have been written regarding the key ingredients of theatre.
Aristotle regarded the following six elements to be necessary for successful drama:
 Plot: This is how the play unfolds. The activity is referred as the plot.
Theme: While plot relates to the play's action, theme refers to the play's overall messag
e. the play's meaning The main idea or lesson to be learned from the story is called the 
theme. the performance In some circumstances, a
play's theme is evident; in others, it not. It's quite subtle.
 Characters: Characters are the people whomake up a story (sometimes animals or
ideas)
The actors in the play portray this. The action is driven by the characters. or plot, of the 
play to the next stage. 
Dialogue: The words written by the author and spoken by the actors
the playwright's characters. Music/Rhythm: While music is frequently used in drama, it is
not used in this case. Aristotle was referring to the rhythm of the actors’ speech.
Spectacle: This term refers to the visual elements of a play, such as sets and costumes.
Special effects, and so on Spectacle is everything that the audience sees as they watch
the performance.

In the modern theater, this list has changed slightly, although many of the elements
remain the same. The list of elements in modern theater is as follows:
• Characters
• Plot
• Theme
• Dialogue
• Convention
• Genre
• Audience
The first four, character, plot, theme, and dialogue, remain unchanged, but the fifth is
new.
The following additions are now regarded as essential elements of drama. First is,
Convention: These are the playwright’s techniques and method and director in order to
achieve the desired stylistic effect. Second, Genre: The type of play is referred to as the
genre. Some examples of various genres Included are comedies, tragedies, mysteries,
and historical plays. Lastly, the audience is the group of people who watch the play.
Many playwrights and actors think about. The most important factor is the audience. As
a result of all the effort put in to the purpose of writing and producing a play is for the
Audience satisfaction.

A plot structure consists of six stages. 
The initial incident is the event that "starts
the story”.Preliminary event: Whatever happens BEFORE the action of the play that is d
irectly following in relation to the play. Rising action: A series of events that occurs a res
ult of the initial incident and the build-up to the
dramatic climax.Climax: A story's turning point or highpoint. when events have the pote
ntial to go either way.
Falling action: The sequence of events thatoccurs after the climax.Denouement: Anothe
r word for the end. derived from the French term for "unraveling"

In other literary elements, Commentary consists “Who, When, Where, What” Part of the
Theater. In Story Organization : Beginning, Middle, End. In Conflict: Creating Dramatic
Tension Internal or External Between Conflicting Forces, Ideas, or Benefits Struggle.
While in Suspense: A Feeling anxious about the outcome arouses the interest and
excitement of the audience. Language: In drama, the specific way of verbal expression,
the diction or fashion of writing, or the speech or phraseology that shows a category or
career or sort of person Style: the shaping of dramatic material, settings, or costumes in
a intentionally nonrealistic way. In Soliloquy: A speech by a single actor who is ALONE
on stage. And Monologue: A long speech made by one actor (a monologue may be
delivered alone or in the presence of others.)
Technical Elements consists of the following; Scenery (set): Theater equipment such as
curtains, apartments, backgrounds, platforms, used in dramatic productions to convey
the surroundings. Costumes: Clothing and accessories worn by actors to portray
character and period. And Props: Abbreviation for property. All items except costumes
and landscapes used as part of dramatic staging. Moving objects that appear on stage
during performances, from phones to trains. Other technical elements are; Lights: Light
placement, intensity, and color to convey environment, mood, and emotions. Sound:
The effects an audience hears during performance to communicate character, context,
or environment. And the Makeup: Costumes, wigs, and body paint used to transform an
actor into a character.
Performance elements consists of; Acting: the use of facial and emotions. Character
motivation, the reason to be in character. Character analysis, in portraying the character
you must know what or who you are playing. Empathy, the capacity of feeling each
other through emotions. Speaking: The mode of expression or delivery of lines. Breath
control: Proper use of the lungs and diaphragm muscle for maximum capacity and
efficiency of breath for speaking. Vocal expression: How an actor uses his or her voice
to convey character. Inflection: Change in pitch or loudness of the voice. Projection:
How well the voice carries to the audience. Speaking style: The mode of expression or
delivery of lines. Diction: Selection and pronunciation of words; clarity of speech.
Other Nonverbal expression are Gestures: Any movement of the actor’s head, shoulder,
arm, hand, leg, or foot to convey meaning Facial expression: Physical and vocal
aspects used by an actor to convey mood, feeling, or personality