GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

Global health situation and trends 1955-2025

POPULATION
 The global population was 2.8 billion in 1955 and is 5.8 billion now. It will increase by nearly 80
million people a year to reach about 8 billion by the year 2025.
 In 1955, 68% of the global population lived in rural areas and 32% in urban areas. In 1995 the
ratio was 55% rural and 45% urban; by 2025 it will be 41% rural and 59% urban.

 Every day in 1997, about 365 000 babies were born, and about 140 000 people died, giving a
natural increase of about 220 000 people a day.

Life expectancy
 Average life expectancy at birth in 1955 was just 48 years; in 1995 it was 65 years; in 2025 it will
reach 73 years.
 By the year 2025, it is expected that no country will have a life expectancy of less than 50 years.

 More than 50 million people live today in countries with a life expectancy of less than 45 years.

 Over 5 billion people in 120 countries today have life expectancy of more than 60 years.

Age Structure Of Deaths

 In 1955, 40% of all deaths were among children under 5 years, 10% were in 5-19 year-olds, 28%
were among adults aged 20-64, and 21% were among the over-65s.
 In 1995, only 21% of all deaths were among the under-5s, 7% among those 5-19, 29% among
those 20-64, and 43% among the over-65s.

 By 2025, 8% of all deaths will be in the under-5s, 3% among 5-19 year-olds, 27% among 20-64
year-olds and 63% among the over-65s.

Leading Causes of Global Deaths

 In 1997, of a global total of 52.2 million deaths, 17.3 million were due to infectious and parasitic
diseases; 15.3 million were due to circulatory diseases; 6.2 million were due to cancer; 2.9
million were due to respiratory diseases, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and 3.6
million were due to perinatal conditions.

 Leading causes of death from infectious diseases were acute lower respiratory infections (3.7
million), tuberculosis (2.9 million), diarrhoea (2.5 million), HIV/AIDS (2.3 million) and malaria
(1.5-2.7 million).

 Most deaths from circulatory diseases were coronary heart disease (7.2 million),
cerebrovascular disease (4.6 million), other heart diseases (3 million).

 Leading causes of death from cancers were those of the lung (1.1 million), stomach (765 000),
colon and rectum (525 000) liver, (505 000), and breast (385 000).

Health of infants and small children

 Spectacular progress in reducing under 5 mortality achieved in the last few decades is projected
to continue. There were about 10 million such deaths in 1997 compared to 21 million in 1955.
  The infant mortality rate per 1000 live births was 148 in 1955; 59 in 1995; and is projected to be
29 in 2025. The under-5 mortality rates per 1000 live births for the same years are 210, 78 and
37 respectively.

 By 2025 there will still be 5 million deaths among children under five - 97% of them in the
developing world, and most of them due to infectious diseases such as pneumonia and
diarrhoea, combined with malnutrition.

Health of older children and adolescents

 One of the biggest 21st century hazards to children will be the continuing spread of HIV/AIDS. In
1997, 590 000 children age under 15 became infected with HIV. The disease could reverse some
of the major gains in child health in the last 50 years.

 The transition from childhood to adulthood will be marked for many in the coming years by such
potentially deadly "rites of passage" as violence, delinquency, drugs, alcohol, motor accidents
and sexual hazards such as HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Those growing up in
poor urban areas are more likely to be most at risk.

Health of adults

 Infectious diseases will still dominate in developing countries. As the economies of these
countries grow, non-communicable diseases will become more prevalent. This will be due
largely to the adoption of "western" lifestyles and their accompanying risk factors - smoking,
high-fat diet, obesity and lack of exercise.

 In developed countries, non-communicable diseases will remain dominant. Heart disease and
stroke have declined as causes of death in recent decades, while death rates from some cancers
have risen.

 About 1.8 million adults died of AIDS in 1997 and the annual death toll is likely to continue to
rise for some years.

Health of older people

 Cancer and heart disease are more related to the 70-75 age group than any other; people over
75 become more prone to impairments of hearing, vision, mobility and mental function.

 Over 80% of circulatory disease deaths occur in people over 65. Worldwide, circulatory disease
is the leading cause of death and disability in people over 65 years.

 Data from France and the United States show breast cancer on average deprives women of at
least 10 years of life expectancy, while prostate cancer reduces male average life expectancy by
only one year.

PHILIPPINE HEALTH SITUATION

  To regain public confidence and trust to existing health programs of the government, the
Department of Health (DOH) released the Universal Health Care (UHC) and Fourmula 1 Plus (F1)
Health Priority Actions for 2019 through a Department Memorandum on December 10, 2018.

 In a statement, the Health Secretary calls on the whole of DOH to deliver on their commitments
to Priority Actions based on their projected impact to the UHC and F1 Plus implementation.

 For the first quarter, DOH has directed all agencies and hospitals to prioritize policies, programs,
and plans related to Performance Governance System, communication and image, supply chain
and logistics management, job order contractors transition, data submission from health care
providers, community-based drug rehab, one stop shop implementation, and safety and efficacy
of consumer goods.

WHO warns against these top health threats in 2019

 From outbreaks of diseases to the health impact of pollution, the world is constantly fighting
different health challenges.

 For this year, the World Health Organization identified the top 10 health threats that would
demand the world's attention:

1. Air Pollution and Climate Change

 For 2019, the WHO said it considers air pollution as the greatest environmental risk to health as
nine out of 10 people breathe polluted air daily.

2. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

 Worldwide, non-CDs such as diabetes and cancer are responsible for more than 70
percent of all deaths of 41 million of the global population.

 The WHO said the rise of such diseases has been driven mainly by tobacco use, physical
inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and air pollution.

3. GLOBAL INFLUENZA PANDEMIC

 This year, the world will face another influenza pandemic, the WHO predicted.

 Global defenses are only as effective as the weakest link in any country’s health emergency
preparedness and response system,” it said.

4. FRAGILE AND VULNERABLE SETTINGS

 The remains of a dead tree are pictured at the almost empty Maria Cristina water reservoir
during a severe drought near Castellon, Spain, September 14, 2018.

 Lack of access to basic health care remains a major global health threats this year.
  The WHO noted that over 1.6 billion people worldwide or 22 percent of the world’s population
are faced with living challenges such as drought, famine, conflict, and population displacement.

5. ANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANCE

 The ability of bacteria and other viruses to resist medicine, is one of the biggest health threat
this yeas as it may compromise certain medical treatments, according to the WHO.

 Anti-microbial resistance threatens to send us back to a time when we were unable to easily
treat infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and salmonellosis,” it said.

6. EBOLA AND OTHER HIGH-THREAT PATHOGENS

 A healthcare worker sprays around a baby suspected of dying of Ebola in Beni, North Kivu
Province of Democratic Republic of Congo, December 14, 2018.

 The WHO for this year is critically watching out for possible epidemics of high threat pathogens
such as the Ebola virus.

 Among those included in its watchlist are hemorrhagic fevers, Zica, Nipah, Middle East
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
and disease X, which the WHO said “represents the need to prepare for an unknown pathogen
that could cause a serious epidemic.”

7. WEAK PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

 Inadequate PHC facilities are one of the problems facing several low and middle income
countries due to a lack of resources, the WHO said.

 The agency stressed the importance of sufficient PHC services which are necessary to achieve
universal health coverage.

8. VACCINE HESITANCY

 The DOH in cooperation with the WHO kicks off the series of immunization of 1 Million children
against dengue virus. April, 2016

 The refusal to vaccinate despite the ability of vaccines threatens to reverse achievements made
in tackling preventable certain diseases, the WHO said.

 The WHO emphasized that vaccination is among the “most cost effective ways of avoiding
disease.”

9. DENGUE

 Nearly 40 percent of the world’s population are at risk of dengue fever, a mosquito borne
disease that causes flu-like symptoms and can even cause death, the WHO said.

10. HIV

 While there has been “enormous” progress in the fight against HIV, the WHO said the epidemic
“continues to rage” with almost a million people dying every year of HIV/AIDS.
 TODAY, around 37 million worldwide live with HIV.” the WHO said.

 ABS-CBN News
 Posted at Jan 18 2019 04:11 PM | Updated as of Jan 18 2019 04:13 PM