10 Biggest Threats to Global

Disease in 2019
International Public Health Issues (IPHI)
Susilowati, S.KM., M.KM.
 The following are 10 of
the Biggest Global Health Threats in 2019
– according to WHO
Refuse vaccines .1
Drug resistance .2
Air pollution and Climate Change .3
Global flu pandemic .4
Crisis in a vulnerable place .5
Pathogenic threats such as Ebola .6
Non-Communicable Diseases .7
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) .8
Weak Health Services .9
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) .10
 1. Refuse vaccines

• Refusing vaccines, such as the Measles

& Rubella vaccine case, is not only
happening in Indonesia. This problem
also occurs in the United States and is
now included in the attention of the
world.
• Vaccine doubts - reluctance or refusal to
vaccinate even though vaccines are
available - can cause setbacks in tackling
diseases that can be prevented by
vaccines
• According to WHO, vaccines are one of the most
effective ways to avoid disease. At present, vaccines
prevent 2-3 million deaths per year. Going forward,
this number could increase by more than 1.5 million
deaths if global vaccination coverage also increases.

• The decline of this vaccine began to be seen with an

increase in cases of Measles or measles by 30
percent. In fact, this disease is almost wiped out in
some countries
2. Drug resistance

• The dark side of antibiotic, antiviral, and

antimalarial success is that it can cause drug
resistance. This drug resistance results in
infectious diseases such as pneumonia,
tuberculosis (TBS), genore, and salmonellosis.

• Around 1.6 million people die each year from

tuberculosis and many patients suffer from non-
functioning antibiotics.

•WHO is now trying to fight drug

resistance by raising awareness,
reducing infections, and encouraging
the careful use of drugs.
 3. Air pollution and climate change

• WHO states, air pollution has killed seven million

people each year. About 90 percent of people in
the world breathe air pollution.

• Air pollution can penetrate the respiratory system

and blood circulation so that it damages the lungs,
heart and brain. Air pollution causes various
diseases such as cancer, stroke, heart, and lungs.

• The main cause of this air pollution is the

contribution of climate change. WHO predicts
that, between 2020-2050, climate change will
cause an additional 250 thousand deaths each
year due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and
heat stress
 4. Global flu pandemic

• An influenza pandemic will strike the world.

• WHO predicted :
(The world) will face another influenza pandemic, which
we do not know when outbreaks and how severe

• The flu that dominates in 2019 is H1N1 or also known as

swine flu.

• WHO is currently monitoring the circulation of the flu

virus to detect potential pandemics. Recorded 153
institutions in 114 countries involved in global
surveillance of this flu.
 5. Crisis in a vulnerable place

• Vulnerable places are also life-

threatening. WHO found that more
than 1.6 billion people or 1/5 of the
world's population live in crisis
areas such as drought, famine,
conflict and displacement.

•Large floods and extremely

cold temperatures bring
misery to people who live in
vulnerable places.
 6. Pathogenic threats such as Ebola

• The Ebola outbreak again broke out in

Congo 2018. The WHO said the
outbreak was spreading in cities with
more than 1 million people. Ebola is
predicted to still be a global threat in
2019.

•In addition, experts also

anticipate other fever diseases
such as Zika, Nipah, MERS-COV,
and SARS.
 7. Non-Communicable
Diseases
• More than 70 percent of deaths in the world
come from non-communicable diseases such as
cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.
• This threat is also a priority that is prioritized by
the Ministry of Health in Indonesia.
• This includes 15 million people who die
prematurely or are aged between 30-69 years
(WHO)
• The increase in non-communicable diseases is
driven by five main risk factors namely tobacco,
decreased physical activity, alcohol use, unhealthy
diet, and air pollution.
 8. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

• DHF is also included in the global health

threat from WHO. It is estimated, 40
percent of people in the world are at risk
of DHF and around 390 million people are
infected each year. As many as 20 percent
of them lead to death.

• Dengue fever starts to become epidemic

during the rainy season when a lot of
puddles become a den for Aedes aegypti
mosquito larvae.
 9. Weak Health Services

• The lack of quality and access to primary

health care is a big problem worldwide.

• WHO: Primary health care can meet most

of one's health needs during his life.
However, many countries do not have
adequate primary health care facilities.
 10. The human immunodeficiency viruses
(HIV)

• Even though there have been many advances

in overcoming HIV, this disease still needs to
be watched out for. As many as 37 people in
the world now live with HIV.

• Around 22 million people have now received

treatment using antiretroviral drugs to
prevent HIV virus infection. WHO is currently
promoting its own test so that everyone can
know their status and get treatment
Thank You