EXAM 2 PAGE I W .

SHEN

RC CIRCUITS MAGNETS TORQUE T=tAtB since

Max when 0=900

OUT -
DOT PRODUCT -

(
-

)
FIRST RIGHT
LIPID BILAYER ↳ Produces scalar
✓
*
a - T =
MIX B-
pumps CHANNEL RULE
HAND FB
" *
IN I. I lallblcoso
'

¥ s , Sa
/ B
'
t
,
#€¥¥
H Xl
,
'
-
. te
CROSS PRODUCT
B X s
to a- I
R
↳ Vector and →
¥←* PALM
E###→⇐
/
,
b
1- t OUT
I = a- x I
LOOP LOOP R2
151=181151 sino
ft B
E

+
- -

in

E
Orientation hand rule Magnetic dipole moment

given by right
-
-

* A
MB UNITS :

Not commutative 8×15*5×8 :

# S AN N ml T
#
-

JIT
charging
Circuit
Discharging Circuit

GENERATING B FROM CURRENT

N
9cH )
O= E -
IR ,
-

% '

l R2 O *
• •

Magnitude Direction : 2nd rule

DE E 9
c
right-hand A
a
magnetic
I = = - Ampere 's not
B
dt R Ric Law Direction of Dipole
type zar
, -

⑤ ( wraps →
qlt )
2

Be
1 ⇐⇐ Ky from loop
qoe
=
a

"Ric
io-a-i.mg?:gdthe I
I, of current
.

qCH= ECG -
e- ) no 4

B
'd
^
EF S
>

ok ! Direction of
Super pos ,
⇐

current I ( )
t MB = IA
EC
*
") CAPACITOR
9. ( )
t E DISCHARGE
↳ Area vector
p
*

Qmax
go . ,>
Direction of *

Magnitude of
loop
r : area
- -
- -
- - - -

vector
- -

area
POWER : p = ISV = 12 R

63%
I
÷!
- - -
- - -

:i=d%+
'

slope 37% - - - - - -
POTENTIAL ENERGY
i ,

' "
NTB MBBCOSO -7¥
Umag B
= -
-
-

'
y
'
'
• ro
f D

T - RC T =
RC Time f mini
aligned ,
maxi anti -

aligned
The constant) represents EQUATION
Y%%gY¥y= ,
soqcapaa.io.= .ec
timescale which capacitor
NERNST
AV over
battery
form of
discharge occurs Just a rewritten Boltzmann
equation
Prob ( state t ) -
(Vz -
4) IKBT
=
e
TRANSISTORS BINARY NUMBERS Prob (state 2 ) z is valence III. 2. etc)
e
elementary charge
-

23J
-

KB 1,38×10 K

}
=
Input =/ I flows 401.60×10 -
"
C
,
GATE , o , o , 0 = 42
Input - O I no flow
25+24 -123+22+2 -120
,

. . .
'

false I true
✓ men =
KZBET In
{! }?! =
602mV log ,o%! !!
Binary logic O
: = =
,

Input Output XOR Gate A B

NOT Gate X
A X = NOT A X
A one or the other
O O O
l
A X O
0 A O l l
l -
X
B l
l O

AND Gate A B X
l l 0

O O O
A -
NAND Gate -

X A -
-

X A B X
B O
O l X = NOT ( A- AND B )
F O O l -

X
t O O B -

A
Barrier 2x Vt
requires
-

,
A O l l
to
go through , 1 , B
X
t O l
q B
-
-

ATF not
l l 0
OR Gate

/
A B
-

X NOR Gate
True if A- or B ( or both) - A B ×
true
-

are
O O O (A-
X = NOT OR B ) O
O l
O l t ×
A A o , o
-

×
× a B
l O →
B l B
I 0 0 A B
- q
l l l OR NOT l l O
#
 MAGNETIC FLUX FARADAY 'S OF
LAW INDUCTION MRI STEPS
d
1) PREPARATION
'
B
GAUSS LAW FOR MAGNETISM E'induced
dt
Align
•
•
Rate of
change protons w/ Boing
If
excess axis
super simple
-

= B. DA = O Induced Emf
⑤ flux
B
b/c no isolated in the
loop
of
through Vector Tn / volume
monopoles !
the loop Mag . : it ,
magnetic
2) ROTATION

B
-

Jf B. DA which is not
necessarily 0
LENZ 'S LAW
w =
j Bo f- =
w

when B field -

is constant and area A is flat : -~

21T

The induced current flows in the direction

LARMOR FREQUENCY
B- I needed to produce ⑤ field that counteracts
BA O a

f
=
'

cos
B , at Larmor to
B
Apply
original B
flux of
↳ Area vector
magnitude
= area the
change in the
of surface
,
direction I ( upldown) rotate spin / cause
precess ,

bOjB
Dd Dd As
z

⑤ 34J C- pulse
BE
-
=

LIGHT h = 6.626×10 -
s ,
-

Direction around rim

follows C = 3.0×108 m/s

right hand rule
3) RELAXATION
-

Xf
•
•
u =
MOMENTUM -

t/Tz*
Moxy Moe
DE PHASING =
' h y
v
p
E = h THERMAL
× 4/4
Mz Mo ( l )
-

=
e
SPIN RELAXATION
-

Intrinsic quantum mechanical

Pi
property many particles
of Takes much
longer
i

B
, SNELL 'S LAW

"

spinning charges generate

"
it , o, :O
'
, n ,
sin O ,
=
nzsinoz 4) IMAGING
- n

{ ft
i N

plz
,
I
Mz
=
O
'
Nz
n and are
inversely related
Bz
=
Bot Gz
s - C

tzh
*

1.05×10-3
" ' n = Z
Gyromagnetic ratio
,
J -
s

I
Oz ✓
medium X
TOP OF HEAD

=
•

Quantization of
'
TIR if O > Oc strength
spin "
of field
Nz ( lower)
B
'
;nO , e

possible stationary
s =
La
only
2 Pz (
N
higher)
-

. a
NECK

States for particles in ⑤ T

n.sinoc-nzs.in ( 900 )
is w/
SPIN
lowest
up 9
aligned B
MIRROR / LENS EQUATION
we =
8 ( Bo t
Gz )
energy

it opposite B Magnification Bo but

gradient
along
l
SPIN DOWN to to l l
+
di G)
Upright
z
Highest energy ↳ anti f do d,
aligned vary along
-

can X.
do f) Inverted
y Z ,

Xy precession ( Tz )
e. :
CONCAVE MIRROR SUMMARY Convex If
mirror object is real ,
then
clearer
OBJECT ( REAL) IMAGE

doc F virtual h; ho image

is
always upright '
•
z
:
thermal relaxation
Upright , ,
>

virtual and smaller

( Ti )
x

do NO
,
clearer
= F image perpendicular ray
0 Parallel hit and di f as do F
F- a doc ZF Inverted real ,
h; > ho ⇐
, ⇐
I

Inverted ' real 'hi=h°

do =2F
.
±. when d. *
i
Inverted real h ; cho Focal
do > ze , ,
n

-
.

.
.
d; * F
' .
-
•• •

do → as Point at F h; >
in 0
E c

Lens Lens Focal

length ( )
Converging Focal
length (t )
Diverging NEARSIGHTED

af¥y*
doc Fi di l ) Virtual d; l )
do
Image always
=
ze VIRTUAL
-

f
=
-

d ;=2F - hi > ho Upright UPRIGHT

,
= d; d, -

FP
h" tho
I' *
'

hi
-

ho parallel
ii.
O
-

.
. h " " ° '
"

/
a
.
.
DIVERGING LENS
.
o
- - - - - - - -
- Dq
-
I -
-
- •
• ⑧ • • • • •

= HE ZF F F 2F
ZF F z f
A E
my # central
a
I
FARSIGHTED
do do do -_ F
*# a
-
I
Fed < 2E d; > 2F No
image
I 1
; *
f = +
h ; Cho hi > ho do d
,
-
NP
* to
Inverted Inver ted
*
C- I image ( t)
( t)
Image CONVERGING LENS
Image C- ) Image object ( ) t
object C I
-

object ( t) object C I -