1

AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

AND
TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Yolito L. Borlaza
Hezzel V. Genotiva

Confusions of Language Use in Code-Switching Via Facebook

Community among AB-English Students in Agusan del
Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
Trento External Studies Center

Thesis Adviser:

Joy S. Ambia

March 2021
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to extend their sincere gratitude

and appreciation to the following individuals who have made this

research study successful.

First and foremost, to the Almighty God, for giving us insight,

wisdom, and encouragement to make this study a successful one.

To Dr. Grace O. Reyes, the administrator, in Agusan del Sur

State College of Agriculture and Technology, Trento External

Studies Center, for allowing the researchers to conduct the study.

To Mrs. Joy S. Ambia, research adviser, who patiently gives

her full support and great assistance in the success of the research.

To Mr. Rene Y. Mahinay, chairman of the examining

committee, who examined the papers critically and gave some

suggestions for improvement.

To Mr. Egan Trabado and Jacky B. Maestrado members of

the examining committee, for sharing their expertise and insightful

comments to make this study a better one.

To the colleagues, classmates, and parents of the researchers

for their concern and motivation to make the study possible and

them helped morally and financially.

YLB & HGV

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES PAGE
Acknowledgement i
Table of Contents ii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 3
Purpose of the Study 4
Research Questions 4
Theoretical Lens 6
The Importance of the Study 7
Limitations and Delimitation of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 8

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

METHODOLOGY 16
Research Design 17
Research Participants 18
Research Instruments 19
Data Sources 19
Data Collection Procedure 19
Data Analysis 20
Trustworthiness of the Study 20
Role of Researcher 20
Ethical Consideration 21

REFERENCES 23
Appendices 27
Interview guide 28
Curriculum Vitae 31
 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Gebriel (2018) in this age of globalization, using two or more

languages is not an unexpected phenomenon but a norm. These

days, in a bilingual community, people switch codes in daily

conversation to achieve interactional goals with other speakers. The

code-switching in the Facebook wall posts by multilingual users in

the Philippines used it for irrelevant messages instead of

strengthening the message (Ting, 2020). Also, Maranao people find

it difficult to acquire several non-native languages in combining two

or more languages in a conversation (Chloros, 2014).

Code-switching has recently become a central concern of

linguist in many multilingual communities, including the United

Arab Emirates, Kenya and Nigeria (Khuwaileh, 2013; Aikhenvald,

2012 and Opeibi, 2011). This phenomenon has been studied in the

Philippines as well (Bautista, 2014 and Borlongan 2014). Also in

Smedleys’ study 2006 cited by Bautista (2014) in the Philippines,

Taglish as code-switching in CMC environment is confusing

especially when they will use jejemon as online linguistic style. In

Gumperz’s early studies (2012), he defined code-switching as “the

juxtaposition within the same speech exchange of passages of

speech belonging to two different grammatical systems or

subsystems.”
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Upon thorough review, the researchers found out that there is

similar research studies conducted in different countries.

Bangladesh University studied the Bangladeshi students (students

of Bangla medium) that they grow a habit of using both Bangla and

English either consciously or unconsciously. This bilingual behavior

is further enriched when they enter universities, especially private

universities, where the medium of study is English. Thus, there is

the ever growing influence of media and English channels that also

helps in developing bilingual characteristic. However, what

happened in the schools of Trento, Agusan del Sur is very

disturbing due to students have difficulties in using code-switching

via facebook. But, those several readings that we have perused do

not explored or less emphasized the main reasons, ideas, opinions

and experiences on why they are confused when they switch codes

in Facebook community.

We believe that this study will help not only to the

participants of the study but to the society as well. We will be

informed and equipped about the reasons of confusions in language

switching. This urge us to conduct this study for us to reflect those

experiences in online communication in code-switching and

combine the multiple language they know. There must be different

activities and instructions to be provided so that students will cope

the challenges they had experienced and the teacher can guide the
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students on what to do. That is why confusions of language use in

code-switching via facebook community must be studied.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore and

understand the Confusions of Language Used in Code-Switching

via Facebook Community among Bachelor of Arts in English

Language at Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and

Technology External Studies Center at Trento, Agusan del Sur.

Research Questions

This study will aim to explore the Language Used in Code-

Switching via Facebook Community among Bachelor of Arts in

English Language.

Specifically, this will answer to the following questions:

1. What are the lived experiences of multilingual post research

participants pertaining to Confusions OF Language Use in Code-

Switching via Facebook?

2. How the participants cope with the confusions?

3. What insights on code-switching confuse the participants that

you can share to the academic?

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Theoretical Lens

The theoretical lens for this study is a media dependency

theory, According to this theory, there is an internal link between

media, audience and large social system. (Sandra Ball-Rokeach and

Melvin DeFleur, 1976). The audience learning from the real life is

limited, so they can use media to get more information to fulfil their

needs. An extensive use of media generates dependent relation in

audience.

The Importance of the Study

The findings of this study may also turn out to be useful to

the following people and stakeholders of Agusan del Sur State

College of Agriculture and Technology Trento External Studies

Center:

First, the findings of this study might be an addition to the

understanding of students for they are the primary concern of the

study, the result of the study will give us facts about the confusions

of language use by code switching via facebook community. It will

assist them to perceive their experience on how they prefer to code

switch. Additionally, it could assist them to carry out of their daily

learning in applying what they have learned.

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Secondly, this study may also have an awesome value to

English Language Instructors because they are the ones who have

direct contact with students and the agent of learning. It will act as

a platform for them to acquire more expertise and could provide

them insights on how to provide instructions among the students

on about code-switching. Hence this is useful in the teaching and

learning process for them to utilize the aesthetic beauty of

language.

Thirdly, to its Administrators and the Faculty of the College

because as the one who leads the growth and development in the

college, this could offer information and guidance to increase their

awareness about the confusion of their students based on their

answers in this study. Thus they might offer seminar and attend to

it in relation to language use in code-switching via facebook

community for academic purposes so that they can share the

learnings as motivation to the students to become acrolect in

English.

Lastly, to the Future Researchers, as investigators of

knowledge, it will help them to collect essential information that is

related to their study for further research. The result will provide a

data that will help to support their studies and will serve as

reference in this similar field of interest: Confusions of Language

Use in Code-Switching via Facebook Community.

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Limitations and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of this study will address to the new normal English

Learners students in Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture

and Technology, Trento External Studies Center, Trento, Agusan del

Sur who will be enrolled this second semester of the school year

2020-2021. However, it will delimit only from Bachelor of Arts major

in English Language.

Definition of Terms

To give better understanding on the terms used in the study, the

following terms are defined operationally.

Confusion- refers to situation in which people are uncertain about

what to do or are unable to understand something clearly.

Language- refers to principal method of human communication,

consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and

conveyed by speech, writing, or gestures.

Use- refers to action of using something or the state of being used for a

purpose.

Code-switching- refers to the practice of alternating between two or

more languages of varieties of language in conversation.

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Facebook- defined as an online social networking website where

people can create profiles, share information such as photos and

quotes about themselves, and respond or link to the information

posted by others.

Community- refers to the group of people who have the same

interest, religion, race, etc.

Bachelor of Arts major in English Language Students- refers to

the respondents of this study who are enrolled in Agusan del Sur

State College of Agriculture and Technology, Trento External

Studies Center in the academic year of 2020-2021. These are the

students who have chosen modular and online learning modalities

during this pandemic but, decided to study and choose English

major which qualified them to become the respondents.

Acrolect- refers to the variety of creole that has no significant

difference from Standard English, often spoken by the most

educated speakers.

Mesolect- defined that it has unique unique grammatical features

that distinguish it from Standard English.

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Basilect- defined as often spoken by the least educated people of

the society, has very significant grammatical difference.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the supporting studies, articles,

concepts, and citations which are related to the facts given about

the phenomenon featured in this study.

Languages in the Philippines

As Bautista and Bolton (2013) noted in their chapter on

encountering the Philippines. This description may raise the

question of how Filipinos communicate with each other. The SIL

Ethnologue lists 175 individual indigenous languages in the

Philippines, including languages indigenous to different regions and

subgroups of the country (see appendices for a language list).

Galang (2012) argued: “The Philippines has a complex language

history on top of the indigenous languages of the islands. Based on

the research of Wur (2011) Spanish colonizers imposed Spanish as

the language of the government. Subsequently, under American

rule, English joined Spanish as an official language. Then a national

language, Pilipino, was developed as a new official language based

on the indigenous language, Tagalog. Based to the 1986 Philippines

constitution, Filipino and English are the official languages in the

country.
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Terminologies

Multilingualism refers to situations where two or more

languages are in contact with each other (Hoffman and Ytsma,

2013). It can be a process of acquiring several non-native

languages, either by an individual or a community of speakers

(Aronin and Laoire, (2014); Lamarre and Dagenais, (2012). The

acquisition of these other languages may lead to code-mixing or

code-switching phenomena as a result of the transition (Olshtain

and Amitai, (2014). Chini (2015) also considers code-switching a

common linguistic behavior among multilingual speakers.

The general phenomenon of code-switching has been well

known for decades Bullock and Toribio (2011) define it as the ability

to alternate naturally between two or more languages by bilinguals

or multilingual. As such, 14 code-switching has been confirmed in

countless bilingual and multilingual communities where

combinations of two or more languages occur in conversation

(Chloros, (2011). It also offers this definition by Auer (2013): “Code-

switching means that a set of co-occurring linguistic features is

exchanged for another set of co-occurring features more or less at

the same point in time.

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Code-Switching in the Philippines

The use of more than one (or two) language(s) in the

Philippines is commonplace. Bautista (2013) wrote, “The alternation

of Tagalog and English discourse in the country is part of the

mundane linguistic repertoire of educated, middle-and upper-class

Filipinos. "Further, Smedley (2011) argued that “with some Filipino

children being exposed to switching at home, school and in the

broadcast media, especially television, such a proposition is not

surprising.” In fact, Tagalog-English code-switching is colloquially

referred to as ‘Taglish’ (Bautista, 2014; Thompson, 2013). Based on

the study of Thompson (2013), Taglish code-switching is a mixture

or combination of Tagalog and English, with emphasis on the

involvement of nonce borrowings from English to Tagalog. It has

been fully accepted in the country’s linguistic landscape since the

1970’s.

In contrast to the insertion of English in the Tagalog

language, another type of code-switching, known as deficiency

driven codes-witching, has been identified Bautista, (2011).

Bautista argued that this switching occurs when the speaker/writer

lacks full competence in English, and must insert a Tagalog word or

phrase in order to express an idea. This typology is categorised as

Engalog or ‘koño,’ in which “a group of elite English speakers [who]

use Tagalog insertions as a way of indexing their Filipino-ness.

(Thompson, 2013)
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Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) and

Code-Switching Research

Based on the research of Iqbal (2011) many linguists have

studied linguistic diversity in various contexts, such as computer

mediated environments. Multilingualism on the Internet is

thoroughly discussed in the various chapters of Danet and

Herring’s (2017) book. However, to date there has been little

research on this phenomenon in the Philippine context. Thus, this

section surveys the challenges of CMC in Philippine languages.

Further, it examines code-switching on the Internet, as discussed in

recent literature, including Smedley’s (2016) paper on Taglish code-

switching in a CMC environment.

There are various definitions of computer mediated

communication (CMC), Santoro (2011), Herring (2012) Thurlow,

Lengel and Tomic (2014) define CMC as predominantly text-based

human-human interaction that takes place in a mediated network

of computers or mobile telephones to allow a process of

communication in different contexts and purposes. Further, CMC

is defined by Wood and Smith (2013) as a new field for the study of

human behaviours as they are maintained or altered by the

exchange of information through machines like computers. They

argued that CMC focuses on the “channels of communication made

19 possible by the internet, where human beings exert individual

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will" (Wood and Smith, 2015). CMC can include any communication

through email, online news, online chatting, social network posts,

and forum comments (Crystal, 2011). In each venue, different

modes of online communication may occur, called synchronous and

asynchronous CMC, depending on whether the interaction takes

place in real time or when participants are not online

simultaneously (Simpson, 2012). Synchronous CMC includes online

chats while asynchronous includes email and social network posts.

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

The methods and procedures will be used in the conduct of

this study. The research design, research participants of the study,

data sources, data collection procedure, data analysis, role of the

researchers, trustworthiness of the study as well as the ethical

considerations that will be employed and elaborated in the process

of this study.

Research Design

This study will use qualitative design specifically

phenomenological in approach. Qualitative design as stated by

Creswell (2014) is a process of exploring and understanding the

meaning individuals or group ascribe to a social or human problem.

In this study, the researchers will interview those

participants who had experienced confusions of language use in

code-switching via facebook community. They will share the

challenges that they have encountered.

The researchers will use qualitative phenomenological

approach because it was a tool in which the researchers will have a

clear understanding of human experiences to reach into their

thoughts, feelings and actions in order to gain insights from their

experiences.
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Research Participants

The Participants of this research study are from the Agusan del

Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology (ASSCAT) Trento

External Studies Center under the program of AB-English. Five (5)

participants from different years who will undertake the In-depth

interview (IDI), these are purposely chosen by fishbowl sampling

technique or by simply writing the names or numbers of all the

individual members in a small-rolled piece of papers, then placed in

a container.

Hence, these participants also will not be forced to answer but

voluntarily submit their self to become a subject of this study in

order to share their experiences on these phenomena. Also, the

students who are part of the inclusion will be the participants who

have experienced and studied in English language for twelve (12)

years and above while the exclusion will be those students who only

study for eleven (11) years below.

Research Materials

A semi-structured interview guide will be used in which the

interviewer does not strictly follow a formalized list of questions.

Instead, they will ask more open-ended questions, allowing for a

discussion with the interviewee rather than a straightforward

question and answer format. The interview guide consists of one (3)

probing questions in every central question. This is subject for

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validation of the English Language experts. The participants may

answer using their language preferences in such a way that they

may express their experiences. The researchers will translate in

English language and transcribe in accordance with the research

standard ethics.

Data Sources

This study will be documented through the use of audio

record and note taking for the answers of the participants during

the conduct of the study. The researchers will always adhere the

preference of the participant in case he or she is not willing to

cooperate in this study.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers will send informed consent letter for the

participants to become a volunteer of the study. Also, a letter of

asking permission to conduct the study will be sent to the

administrator in adhering the protocol of the school. In addition, if

the participants decline for a face-to-face In-depth interview, a zoom

link will be sent through private message.

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Data Analysis

Using content analysis, the data will be analyzed and

classified thematically. Each problem mentioned is classified in the

tables consisting of themes, codes, subcodes, and the frequency of

answers. To demonstrate the detailed analysis of the results,

extracts from the students’ answers and interviews will be

transcribed and presented.

Trustworthiness of the Study

Trustworthiness is defined as the ability of the researchers’

findings while trustworthiness of the study also refers to the

demonstration that the evidence for the results reported is sound

and when the argument made based on the results is strong, the

study’s validity and reliability are largely determined by the proper

procedures in conducting the study. By providing clear description

and expectations for their participants in this study, the

researchers will build confidence for them. It also demands careful

attention: base to the research of (Taylor and Francis, 2018)

Credibility, the confidence that can be placed in the truth of the

research findings. Transferability, The degree to which results of

qualitative research can be transferred to other context or setting

with other respondents. Dependability, the stability of findings over

time, dependability involves participant’s evaluation of the findings

interpretation. Confirmability, The degree to which findings of the

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research study could be confirmed by other researchers,

confirmability is concerned with establishing that data and

interpretations of the findings are not figments of the inquirer’s

imagination, but clearly derived from the data. Reflexivity, The

process of critical self-reflection about one selves as a researchers

(own biases, preferences, preconceptions), and research relationship

to the respondents and how the relationship affects participants

answers to the questions).

Role of the Researchers

The researchers will collect the data, analyzed, translate,

transcribe, and make coding to attain themes in the study. Also,

following the ethical consideration and the health protocol during

the conduct of the study.

Ethical Consideration

The research or study is about the Language use and codes-

witching in the facebook community of some students from AB-

English Language Students of ASSCAT-TESC. The researchers

would like to preserve the anonymity and the confidentiality.

Instead of real names, nicknames or pseudo name will be used to

hide their identity. In terms of confidentiality during interview and

recording, the interviewers will only use one-on-one interview for

their privacy confidentiality. Ethical issues arise at every stage of

the research process from initial design through fieldwork and

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analysis to the dissemination of research findings. The analysis

stage tends to be relatively overlooked in writing on qualitative

research ethics but it requires a high level of reflexivity and ethical

responsibility as researchers in a powerful position when

interpreting participant’s words.

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REFERENCES:

Akhmadi, R. 2018.Study The Effectiveness Of Doing Code-Switching

Teaching And Learning Process Students’ By The First Year
Students Of The English Study Program.

Allman, K. 2012. Arabic Language Use Online: Social, Politicalities

Technological Dimensions of Multilingual Internet
Communication.The Monitor, Winter 2011, pp. 61-76.

Alvarez-Caccamo C. 2012. From 'switching code to code-switching in

Routledge: London. Androutsopoulos,J. 2013 Language Choice
and Code-Switching in German-Based Diasporic Web Forums.
In B. Danet & S. Herring, ed. Multilingual Internet(pp.340-361).

Anis, J. 2017. Neography: Unconventional Spelling in French Text in

Messages. In B. Danet & S. Herring, eds. Multilingual Internet
(pp.87-115).

Aronin, L. and Ó Laoire, M. 2014. Exploring multilingualism cultural

contexts: Towards a notion multilinguality. C. Hoffmannand
and J. Ytsma Trilingualism in family, school and community
(pp.11-29).

Auer, P. 2011. Code-Switching . In Wodak, R. John stone, B Kerswill

Sociolinguistics (pp.460-478). Publications.Babalola,E.T. 2009.
CodeSwitching Contemporary Nigerian Hip-Hop Music Itupale
Online Journal African Studies, [e-journal] pp. 1-26 [Accessed
3 June, 2011].

Canaga rajah, A. and Wurr, A. 2011. Multilingual Communication

IN Language Acquisition New Research Directions. Reading
Matrix Journal, 11(1), pp.1-15.

Crystal, D. 2011. Internet Linguistics: A Student Guide.Routledge in

LondonCvjetkovic,S.2012.Computer Mediate Communication:
A Study of Language Variation on Internet Chat. Department
Language and Literatures, Gothenburg University.
[AvailableOnline] [Accessed 3 June 2011].
 21

Duran, L. (2013). Toward A Better Understanding of Code-Switching

AndInterlanguage In Bilinguality: Implications For Bilingual
Instruction. The Journal of Educational Issues of Language
MinorityStudents.

Halim, N.S (2014).The Functions of Code-switching in Facebook

Interactions.Social and Behavioral Sciences, 118,126-
133.Retrievedfromwww.sciencedirect.com
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APPENDIX B
AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OFAGRICULTURE
AND TECHNOLOGY-TRENTO EXTERNAL STUDIES
CENTER
Trento, Agusan del Sur
Website: http://asscat.edu.ph
190084895 Email address: asscatjvg@gmail.com

Interview Guide Template

Part I- Preliminaries Demographic Information

A Date:

Time:

Interviewee:

Position/Designation:

B Orientation (Informed Consent Form)

Part II- Interview proper

RQ#1 What are the lived experiences of multilingual post

research participants pertaining to Confusions of Language Use

in Code-Switching Via Facebook?

1.1 What are your experiences when posting your multilingual

languages posts the social media?

1.2 How code-switching affects your feelings in a positive way that

gives impact of your posts in the online world

1.3 Based on your perception towards code-switching with English

language as a part of application in your learning, what are your

painful experiences about it?

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RQ#2. How the participants cope with the confusions?

2.1 How do you face difficult situation in giving multilingual posts

by influencing or catching the attention in facebook community?

2.2 How do you handle those confusions in code-switching?

2.3 In your perception, How Code-switching help you as a

linguistic phenomenon?

RQ#3. What insights on code-switching confuse the participants

that you can share to the academic?

3.1 On a daily basis, how comfortable you are in code switching to

English language from time to time?

3.2 Why do you think people mix English and their vernacular (code-

switch)?

3.3 If you talk to someone who frequently code-switches to English

how do you perceive that person?

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Part III- Closing Statement

This study is an exploratory, descriptive and contextual

qualitative study. The researchers conducting a phenomenological

approach to find the answer regarding to the confusions of ABEL

students in terms of Language Code-switching via Facebook

Community.

We, the researchers will be going to conduct and find out

what are the reasons as to their confusions in language used by

code-switching via Facebook community. We have promised that

everything will be kept in confidentially and anonymity. Instead of

real names, nicknames or pseudo name will be used to your

identity. This study is only a subject for research. Thank you for

your participation and God bless us all!

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APPENDICES A

TRANSMITTAL SHEET

This Undergraduate Thesis entitled, “CONFUSIONS OF

LANGUAGE USE IN CODE-SWITCHING AMONG AB-ENGLISH

STUDENTS," prepared and submitted by YOLITO L. BORLAZA and

HEZZEL V. GENOTIVA in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE is

hereby accepted and endorsed:

JOY S. AMBIA
Adviser

__________

Date
 26

APPROVAL SHEET

This Undergraduate Thesis entitled, “CONFUSIONS OF

LANGUAGE USE IN CODE-SWITCHING AMONG AB-ENGLISH

STUDENTS”, prepared and submitted by YOLITO L. BORAZA and

HEZZEL V. GENOTIVA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE is

hereby approved and accepted:

EGAN TRABADO JACKY MAESTRADO

Member, Member,

Examining Committee Examining Committee

__________ __________

Date Date

RENE Y. MAHINAY
Chairperson, Examining Committee
__________

Date
 27

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

JACKYLYN B. MAESTRADO, EGAN C. TRABADO MAEd.

Research Coordinator, Trento Campus Chairperson, BEED

___________ ___________

Date Date

SHIRYL T. YTOC, Ph.D. MARY GRACE O. REYES,Ph.D.

Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Campus Administrator

__________ __________

Date Date
 28

Republic of the Philippines

Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
Trento External Studies Center
Trento, Agusan del Sur
Consent form for Students

Dear Respondents

Good day!

The undersigned are presently conducting a study

entitled, “CONFUSIONS OF LANGUAGE USE IN CODE-

SWITCHING AMONG AB-ENGLISH STUDENTS”, as partial

requirement in the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English

Language in Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and

Technology (ASSCAT), Trento, Agusan del Sur this Academic

Year 2020-2021.

In this regard, we are soliciting your kindness,

cooperation and sincere dedication in answering the

questionnaires for us to gather data in this research. All

your answers are strictly confidential.

Thank you very much.

 29

Respectfully yours,

YOLITO L. BORLAZA
Researcher

HEZZEL V. GENOTIVA
Researcher

Noted by:

JOY S. AMBIA
Thesis Adviser
 30

AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND

TECHNOLOGY TRENTO CAMPUS
Trento, Agusan del Sur
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
LETTER OF PERMISSION

July 14, 2021

MARY GRACE O. REYES, Ph.D.

Campus Administrator
ASSCAT Trento Satellite Campus
Trento, Agusan del Sur

Dear Ma’am Reyes:

Good day!

We are Bachelor of Arts in English Language Students of Agusan

del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology, Trento

External Studies Center will conduct research study entitled,

“CONFUSIONS OF LANGUAGE USE IN CODE-SWITCHING

AMONG AB-ENGLISH STUDENTS” as partial fulfilment of the

requirement for our course.

 31

In this connection, we would like to ask your approval to allow us to

gather data by conducting and administrating our survey

questionnaires in this institution. We hope for your approval. Thank

you and God Bless.

Respectfully yours,

YOLITO L. BORLAZA
Researcher

HEZZEL V. GENOTIVA
Researcher

Noted by

JOY S. AMBIA
Thesis Adviser
 32

APPENDICES B

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Yolito Lumantas Borlaza

Nickname : Panggo
Date of Birth : August 29, 1998
Place of Birth : Bunawan Brook Side, Agusan del Sur
Home Address : Trento, Agusan del Sur
Name of Father : Loreto Bacquial Boralaza

Name of Mother : Tita Lumantas Borlaza

Educational Attainment

Elementary : Trento West Central Elementary School

Secondary : Trento National High School
Tertiary : Agusan del Sur State College of
 33

Agriculture and Technology-Trento

External Studies Center

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Hezzel Valerio Genotiva

Nickname : Kleng-Kleng
Date of Birth : March 1, 1993
Place of Birth : Trento, Agusan del Sur
Home Address : Trento, Agusan del Sur
Name of Father : Henden S. Genotiva

Name of Mother : Teresita V. Genotiva

Educational Attainment

Elementary : Trento West Central Elementary School

Secondary : Libertad National High School
Tertiary : Agusan del Sur State College of
Agriculture and Technology-Trento
External Studies Center