Republic of the Philippines

Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
NATIONAL INTEGRATED FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER
MICROBIOLOGY AND FISH HEALTH LABORATORY
Bonuan Binloc, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (075) 649-6086; (075) 649-6068
Email address: niftdc@bfar.da.gov.ph

CLINICAL LABORATORY RECORD

Case Code No : AAHL-08-04-2021-022 Date & Time Examined:08/04/21|05:00

PM
Sample Code No. : LA-FHL-025-028
Sample(s) : 4 seawater
Date &Time Collected: August 4, 2021 | 03:30 PM
Place Collected/Source: NIFTDC seawater sources
Company Name : BFAR-NIFTDC
Address : BFAR – NIFTDC Compound, Bonuan Binloc, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, 2400
Analysis Conducted : Aerobic Plate Count (cfu/ml) | Total (Presumptive) Vibrio Count (cfu/ml) |
Luminous Bacterial Count (cfu/ml)

RESULT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

A. Result of Bacterial Enumeration
Aerobic Percentage
Total Vibrio Percentage of Number Number Luminous
Plate of Yellow
Sample Code Sample Description Count Green Vibrio of Green of Yellow Bacterial Remarks
Count Vibrio
(cfu/ml) Colonies (%) Colonies Colonies (cfu/ml)
(cfu/ml) Colonies (%)
Seawater from Milkfish
LA-FHL-025 <2,500 1 x 103 40% 4 60% 6 0 *within the normal range
Hatchery Reservoir
Filtered Seawater
LA-FHL-026 Milkfish Hatchery <250 1 x 102 54% 7 46% 6 0 *within the normal range
Broodstock Tank
Seawater Intake (Main
LA-FHL-027 source pump from the sea to <250 6 x 101 83% 5 17% 1 0 *within the normal range
water pump)
Seawater from fishpond
LA-FHL-028 <250 9 x101 67% 6 33% 3 0 *within the normal range
pump to reservoir
METHODOLOGY: Serial Dilution Method (Spread Plate)

STANDARD BACTERIAL PROFILE (Bacterial Analysis For Water, Shrimp and Soil: W1-BA-01 – BFAR CO)
Total Bacterial Count <5.0 x 106 - NORMAL
5.1 x 106-8.9 x 106 - Slightly high
9.0 x 106-5.0 x 107 - High
5.1 x 107-9.0 x 107 - Very high
9.1 x 107-1.5 x 107 - Extremely high

Result(s) as per sample(s) received and analyzed. This report shall not be reproduced except in full and with
written consent from BFAR-NIFTDC Microbiology and Fish Health Laboratory Section

Examined by: Checked and noted by:

JOHN CARLO G. GOSILATAR NERAFE C. MUYALDE
Laboratory Analyst Senior Aquaculturist
Officer-in-Charge, BFAR-NIFTDC
RIZALYN J. BAUTISTA Head, Microbiology and Molecular
Laboratory Analyst Pathology Laboratory
Head, Micr
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
NATIONAL INTEGRATED FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER
MICROBIOLOGY AND FISH HEALTH LABORATORY
Bonuan Binloc, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, Philippines
Tel. Nos. (075) 649-6086; (075) 649-6068
Email address: niftdc@bfar.da.gov.ph

CLINICAL LABORATORY RECORD

Case Code No : AAHL-08-04-2021-021 Date & Time Examined:08/03/21|09:00 AM

Sample Code No. : LA-FHL-024
Sample(s) : 4 seawater
Date &Time Collected: August 3, 2021 | 8:00 PM
Place Collected/Source: NIFTDC seawater sources
Company Name : BFAR-NIFTDC
Address : BFAR – NIFTDC Compound, Bonuan Binloc, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, 2400
Analysis Conducted : Aerobic Plate Count (cfu/ml) | Total (Presumptive) Vibrio Count (cfu/ml) |
Luminous Bacterial Count (cfu/ml)

RESULT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

A. Result of Bacterial Enumeration
Aerobic Percentage
Total Vibrio Percentage of Number Number Luminous
Sample Plate of Yellow
Sample Description Count Green Vibrio of Green of Yellow Bacterial Remarks
Code Count Vibrio
(cfu/ml) Colonies (%) Colonies Colonies (cfu/ml)
(cfu/ml) Colonies (%)
LA-FHL- Seawater from Seabass
2,500 2.3 x 104 30% 72 70% 165 0 *slightly high for TVC
024 Hatchery Reservoir
METHODOLOGY: Serial Dilution Method (Spread Plate)

STANDARD BACTERIAL PROFILE (Bacterial Analysis For Water, Shrimp and Soil: W1-BA-01 – BFAR CO)
Total Bacterial Count <5.0 x 106 - NORMAL
5.1 x 106-8.9 x 106 - Slightly high
9.0 x 106-5.0 x 107 - High
5.1 x 107-9.0 x 107 - Very high
9.1 x 107-1.5 x 107 - Extremely high

Result(s) as per sample(s) received and analyzed. This report shall not be reproduced except in full and with
written consent from BFAR-NIFTDC Microbiology and Fish Health Laboratory Section

Examined by: Checked and noted by:

JOHN CARLO G. GOSILATAR NERAFE C. MUYALDE
Laboratory Analyst Senior Aquaculturist
Officer-in-Charge, BFAR-NIFTDC
RIZALYN J. BAUTISTA Head, Microbiology and Molecular
Laboratory Analyst Pathology Laboratory
Head, Micr
Literature(s):

Vibrio species are Gram negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod morphology and test
positive for oxidase. These bacteria are part of the natural microflora of wild and cultured prawns and
become opportunistic pathogens when natural defense mechanisms of the prawn are suppressed
(Brock and Lightner, 1990).

The non-halophilic species Vibrio cholerae and V. mimicus persist autochthonously in a

diverse range of aquatic environments. These bacteria have been isolated from marine, estuarine,
brackish, and freshwater environments (Davis et al . 1981 ; Colwell 1984; Nair et al . 1988) . The
distribution of nonhalophilic Vibrio in confined brackish and freshwater environments is facilitated by
conditions of warmer water temperatures and high levels of pH and organic nutrients (Singleton et al .
1982 ; Nair et al . 1991).

Vibrio species exist in the water used in prawn culture facilities. Bacteria enter prawns via
wounds or cracks in the cuticle and are ingested with food (Lavilla-Pitogo et al., 1990; de La Pena et
al., 1995).

Vibriosis is one of the major secondary bacterial diseases affecting mariculture, though less
attention has been paid to the implications of nonhalophilic vibrios for the freshwater aquaculture
industry (Egidius 1987 ; Ruangpan and Kitao 1991). Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and V. mimicus have
been isolated from apparently healthy marine and freshwater fish (Lupiani et al . 1993) and have been
associated with brackish and freshwater prawns in Bangladesh and India (Chowdhury et al . 1986;
Nair et al . 1991). The bacteria isolated in these cases were not associated with disease.

Furthermore, Aeromonas species are Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in aquatic
environments.

the resident bacteria in the culture water of freshwater prawn identified in this study were
mostly opportunistic pathogens which can proliferate beyond the threshold levels and cause
disease outbreaks in prawn larvae especially if the host is stressed. It is, therefore, necessary
to regulate the bacterial load in the freshwater prawn aquaculture system by maintaining good
water quality and good management practices through disinfection of culture facilities,
rearing water and Artemia cysts, the practice of good hygiene of hatchery personnel, regular
water exchange and feed regulation among others. These practical safety measures managed
the resident bacterial microbiota in the rearing water, eggs, and larvae and consequently
prevented the proliferation of potential pathogens. The use of antibiotics may also be
 explored but with regulation and caution because of known negative health implications
(Asian Fisheries Science 33 (2020):241–248)

References: Kh.M. Sharshar and E.A. Azab, 2008. Studies on Diseased Freshwater
Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Sciences, 11: 2092-2100.

F. Y. K. Wong , K. Fowler & P. M. Desmarchelier (1995) Vibriosis Due to Vibrio mimicus

in Australian Freshwater Crayfish, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 7:4, 284-291, DOI:
10.1577/1548-8667(1995)0072.3.CO;2

M.A. MONGHIT-CAMARIN1,2, E.R. CRUZ-LACIERDA1, *, R.V. PAKINGKING, JR.3 ,

M.L. CUVIN-ARALAR4 , R.F. TRAIFALGAR1 , N.C. AÑASCO5 , F.W. AUSTIN6 , M.L.
LAWRENCE6 Bacterial Microbiota of Hatchery-Reared Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium
rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)
Bower, S.M. (1997): Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially
Exploited Shellfish: Vibrio spp. (Vibrio Disease) of Cultured Shrimp. December 1997

Result(s) as per sample(s) received and analyzed. This report shall not be reproduced except in full and with
written consent from BFAR-NIFTDC Microbiology and Fish Health Laboratory Section

Examined by: Checked by: Noted by:

JOHN CARLO G. GOSILATAR EDITH C. ROXAS CORDELIA B. NIPALES

Laboratory Analyst Senior Aquaculturist Supervising Aquaculturist
RIZALYN J. BAUTISTA Head, Microbiology and Officer-In-Charge, BFAR - NIFTDC
Laboratory Analyst Molecular Pathology Laboratory
Head, Microbiology and Aquatic
GEELYN DV. CAROLINO Animal Health Laboratory
Laboratory Analyst