Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

Reading has many incredible benefits and there are many reasons why researchers

should develop a reading habit. Besides helping us acquire our brain active and engaged,

helps reduce stress, and expands our vocabulary. In addition, a reading culture will help

us develop stronger analytical skills as well as improve our ability to focus and

concentrate. Overall reading is a great way to develop and grow to a higher level.

Although many people understand the importance of reading, many still struggle to

cultivate a better and consistent reading habit. A practical way to approach it is to first

determine our reading goals and have a deep willingness to read and grown in the

process.

Reading habits are well-planned and deliberate pattern of study which has

attained a form of consistency on the part of students toward understanding academic

subjects and passing at examinations. Reading habits determine the academic

achievements of students to a great extent. Both reading and academic achievements are

interrelated and dependent on each other. Students often come from different

environments and localities with different levels of academic achievements. Therefore,

they differ in the pattern of reading habits. While some students have good reading

habits, others tend to exhibit poor reading habits. Academic achievement means how

much knowledge the individual has acquired from the school (Bashir & Mattoo, 2012).

A creative and pragmatic education involves the habit of personal investigation.

The act of personal investigation requires self-study to be followed by self-thinking and

1
analysis. Self-study, otherwise referred to as reading at one’s own experiences and it can

be an exciting voyage to self-discovery. “Reading habit is best formed at a young

impressionable age in school, but once formed it can last one’s life time (Green, 2001).

Reading and academic achievement are essential for research workers and

educationists to know that every child whether he or she is gifted, average, normal or

backward etc, should be educated in his or her own way but if he or she possesses good

study habits, he or she can perform well in academics and in every situation. It is the

reading habits which help the learner in obtaining meaningful and desirable knowledge.

Good reading habits act as a strong weapon for the students to excel in life (Bashir &

Mattoo, 2012).

According to Palani (2012), reading habit is an essential and important aspect for

creating a literate society in this world. It shapes the personality of individuals and it

helps them to develop proper thinking methods, and creates new ideas. However, the

developments in the Mass Media, had continued to influence interest in reading (hard

copy of literatures such as…) books, magazines and journals, among others.

Palani (2012) is of the opinion that, effective reading is important avenue of

effective learning and reading is interrelated with the total educational process and hence,

educational success requires successful reading habit. He believes reading is the

identification of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. It

requires identification and comprehension. Comprehension skills help the learner to

understand the meaning of words in isolation and in context. Before the advent of the

television, both the young and the old found enough time to read. Apart from teachers,

other professionals used to spend their leisure time in reading both English and

2
vernacular literature. English medium schools almost always demanded extra reading

from their students. But all these have become a thing of the past. Palani (2012) further

added that nowadays, reading habit has lost its importance as both the young and the old

are glued to the television. As far as educational institutions are concerned, coaching

students for the examination seems to be the be-all and end-all of our educational system.

According to Ogbuiyi Sussan Udoaku (2015) academic success at the tertiary

level is likely a multidimensional phenomenon that includes languages proficiency,

learning, study strategies and certain personal characteristics. And this could be achieving

when one imbibes a good reading habits which will make him/her a lifelong learner.

Early imbibing of reading habits is an essential skill necessary in the acquisition of

knowledge which is highly demanding in the life of every student in the academic

environment. No wonder (Ogbuiyi) assert that, it is best formed at a young

impressionable age in school, but once formed it can last one’s life time. Hitherto, when

young people miss the opportunity of appreciating and loving to read, at early stage, they

will find it challenging to imbibe reading habit in later years.

This study aims to know the effects of reading habits to the academic

performance of the students. Whether it is helpful or not and its make reading habits

develop in terms of their academic performance. And want to help those students that are

fond of reading. Therefore, the study investigates effect of reading habit to the academic

performance of the selected 1st year students of Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College.

Theoretical Framework

According to J. Charles (2005) reading is both process and product, the process of

reading involves the interaction between the reader and the text-how the reader is

3
deciphering the writing on the page, what he or she is thinking about while reading and

reader is monitoring his or her reading. A reader reads a text to understand its meaning,

as well as to put that understanding to use. A person reads a text to learn, to find out

information, to be entertained, to reflect or as religious practice. The purpose of reading

is closely connected to person’s motivation to read. It will also affect the way a book is

read. We read a dictionary in a different way from the way we read a novel. In the

classroom, teachers need to be aware of their students’ learning needs.

According to Naf’an tarihon (2004) Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) is a period

uninterrupted silent reading. It is based upon single simple principle. Sustained silent

reading is including in extensive reading, because the purpose sustained silent reading

same with extensive reading is reading individual and silent, reading speed and reading

for pleasure. Where students read more and enjoy it more, they will become better

readers. Like swimming, once you learn it, you never forget it. Buy in order to get better

at either reading or swimming, you must jump into the book and to it over and over.

Beside that the students please be understand between contents and what they read, so

they be able story telling what they read using her language. Sustained Silent Reading

(SSR) is informal and free of strict assessment, students can gain a new perspective on

reading as a form of recreation. Silent SUSTAINED Reading is defined as a block of

time set aside in the course of a school day for students simply to read. This program is

not commonly used in high school classrooms because many people, teachers and

administrators included, view this method as a waste of time, primarily because there is

no scientific proof of its importance. Even teachers who would like to implement this

program feel the pressure of state tests and content standards, or simply feel guilty about

using class in this way.

4
 Gunasekara, on his journal entitled “Education in Sri Langka”, studied reading

problems in Sri Lankan secondary schools and found three major hindrances to the

promotion of reading habits. These include; preference to chat and listen to the radio;

insufficient reading resources in school libraries to be borrowed and preference for

television viewing. Most readings were done mainly for examination purposes.

In addition, Chettri and Rout (2013:14) stated that terms habits are often

considered in terms of the amount of thing being done, the frequency of something that

we do as well as the average time spent on what we do. Based on some definitions of

habit stated above, it can be concluded that basically, habit is related to the hobby. Habit

is concerned with something that has been done by someone regularly without any more

both concentration and attention, and it is difficult to be stopped in doing.

Conceptual Framework

The study focuses on the effects of reading habit to the academic performance of

the selected first year students of Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College. As shown, there

are two variables involved. The first variable included their demographic profile such as

name, marital status, sex and year level. The second variable is the effect of reading

habits to the academic performance of the selected 1st year students of Philippine Muslim

Teachers’ College.

In relation to this, the researchers had the schematic diagram of the conceptual

framework for more understanding. From Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College. The

diagram can be seen in the succeeding page.

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Independent Dependent Output

I
Profile of the M
“The Effect of
respondents reading habits to P

the Academic L
according to:
performance of I
a. Age;
the selected first C
b. Marital year students of A

status; Philippine T
Muslim Teachers’ I
c. Sex;
College” O
d. Course;
N

Figure 1.
Schematic Diagram of the Study

6
Statement of the Problem

The mean objective of this study is to know I'd there's an effect of reading habits

to the Academic performance of the student of Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College.

Specifically, this study sought to answers the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of?

1.1. Age;

1.2. Marital status;

1.3. Sex; and

1.4. Course?

2. What are the effect of reading habits to the academic performance of the respondent?

3. Is there a relationship between the profile of the respondents and the effects of reading

habits to the academic performance of the respondents?

4. What implication that can be drawn from the study?

Hypothesis

The bellow hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance.

There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the effects

of reading habits to the Academic performance of the respondents?

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Significance of the Study

The study will deal with the effect of the reading habits to the academic

performance of the selected first year students of Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College.

Hence, the result of this study might could be benefited to:

Students. They might be able to find out what are those effect of reading habits

on the Academic performance of the students that will help them to make an effort to use

their reading habits to their academic performance.

Teachers. They will be able to know what are those effect of reading habits to the

academic performance of the selected first year students that will help them to use to their

teaching.

Administration. Being the central agency of the school they will be able to the

know the effect of reading habits to the Academic performance of the students and will

used as a guide to tell the teacher to use the students reading habits to their academic

performance.

Future researchers. The result of the study will be able to use as a guide and

reference to those who wish to conduct the same field of interest in research also provide

them good information that they need in the near future.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is the effect of reading habits to the academic performance

of the selected first year students of Philippine Muslims Teachers’ College. The aim of

the researchers are to know the effects of reading habit to the academic performance of

the students of Philippine Muslim Teachers’. The respondents of this study are 100

8
students of first Year College from Bachelor of Elementary Education, Bachelor of

Secondary Education, Bachelor of Science in Social Work, and Bachelor of Science in

Criminology. Their profile determined such as age, civil status, sex and course.

One limitation of this study was the limit time which the researcher has to work

on with the respondents. Other limitation is the sincerity and honesty of the respondents

in answering the questionnaires. However, the researchers will do their best to gather data

personally and their patience will pay off.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are herein defined conceptually and operationally.

Academic performance. It is the measurement of student performance across

various academic subject. Teachers and education officials typically measure

achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates and result from standardized

tests

(Encyclopedia, 2021). In this study, it refers to the result of the work of the student when

it comes of the effect of reading.

Acquisition. It refers to an asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a

library or museum. The learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality (Oxford

Dictionary, 2021). In this study, it refers to acquisition is when you are reading you find a

way to develop your skill in reading to obtain more knowledge.

Comprehension. It refers to the ability to process text, understand its meaning,

and to integrate with what the reader already knows (Oxford Dictionary, 2021). In this

9
study, it refers to when you read you want to understand what you have read in this study

it might good on the effect of reading to the academic performance of the students.

Effect. A change that results when something is done or happens: an event,

condition, or state of affairs that is produced by a cause (Merriam-Webster Dictionary,

2022). In this study, it refers to the effect or the result of reading habit in the academic

performance of the students.

Habit. It refers to a usual way of behaving: something that a person does often in

a regular and repeated way (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022). In this study, it refers

to, a hobby we're you are doing it almost of the time.

Imbibing. It refers to absorb or assimilate (ideas or knowledge) (Oxford

Dictionary, 2021). In this study, it refers to when you read, you are going to understand

or absorb all the words and its meaning.

Pragmatic. It refers to dealing with the problems that exist in a specific situation

in a reasonable and logical way instead of depending on ideas and theories (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary, 2022). In this study, it refers to read every time you read and there's

an unfamiliar word it's become pragmatic to find a way to understand what have you

read.

Reading. The act of reading something or activity of reading a book, magazine,

etc., that is being read or that is intended to be read(Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).

In this study, it refers to read anything that you want or hobby either educational or

personal interest.

10
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents a discussion of a review of related literature and studies

which have a direct bearing on the presented study and which somehow made clear

contribution in this study.

Related Literature

Reading is the ability to understand words contained in a document and make use

of the knowledge for personal growth and development (Dadzie, 2008). This implies

making meaning out of recorded information either printed or non-printed in the life of an

individual. People read for different reasons and purposes, some of which include for

pleasure, leisure, relaxation, information and for knowledge. Reading is the identification

of the symbols and the association of appropriate meaning with them. It requires

identification and comprehension. Comprehension skills help the learner to understand

the meaning of words in isolation and in context (Palani, 2012). He believes reading is a

process of thinking, evaluating, judging, imagining, reasoning and problem solving.

Reading is an essential tool for knowledge transfer and the habit of reading is an

academic activity that increases skills in reading strategies. To know about the world and

its environment, a child helps himself through reading books, newspapers and other

magazines. Once the child has been taught to read and has developed the love for books,

11
he can explore for himself the wealth of human experiences and knowledge through

reading. Children, who miss the opportunity of getting in touch with books in their early

stages of life, find it hard to acquire good reading habits in their later years (Deavers,

2000).

Reading is an intellectual action which is possible only if a man forms a habit of

reading and practices these from childhood. Reading habits, therefore, play a very crucial

role in enabling a person to achieve practical efficiency. “Laws die but books never.”

Indeed, books are the most suitable medium through which knowledge is transmitted

from generation to generation (Issa et al, 2012). Singh (2011) examined academic

achievement and study habits of higher secondary students. The study was conducted on

hundred (100) higher secondary students randomly from two higher secondary schools.

The result indicates that girls and boys differ significantly in their study habits and

academic achievement.

Bhan and Gupta (2010) on the other hand examined study habits and academic

achievement among the students belonging to scheduled caste and non-scheduled caste

group. The results revealed that sex has ano significant impact on the study habits and

academic achievement of students. Higginbotham (1999), examined the reading interests

of middle school-sixth, seventh, and eighth grade-students in a metropolitan, public

school located in a southeastern state Atlanta, Georgia. The result of this study showed

differences in interest by gender, which are congruent with many society’s stereotypes,

and females reported a stronger interest in Romance, Friendship, Animal Stories,

Adventure, and Historical Fiction, while the males reported stronger preferences for the

12
categories of Sports and Science. Also, the male respondents had a stronger preference

for non-fiction than did the female respondents.

Gallo (2007) said “books, yield their best to you, if you read them at the age at

which each particular masterpiece can ideally be chewed and digested”. There is little

knowledge about the everyday reading practices of tertiary education students and how

these practices affect their academic achievement. Everyday reading consists of

individuals’ reading activities for a variety of purposes, such as for relaxation or

information (Issa. et al, 2012). They believe that from middle childhood through

adulthood, reading becomes a major component of studying, and much information

learned through studying is initially acquired through reading. Thus everyday reading

activities in which students engage may considerably influence their studying skills and

subsequent academic performance. There is a general sense in which one appreciates the

link between good habits of reading and the academic performance of students generally,

(Issa et al, 2012).

Guthrie, Benneth & McGough, (2007) believe that “reading” is the act of getting

meaning from printed or written words, which is the basis for learning and one of the

most important skills in everyday life.

In the study of (Ogbodo, 2010) entitled Effective Study Habits in Educational

Sector: Counselling Implications. Parents send their children to school to learn. In the

school, children are exposed to various experiences which influence their behavior.

Therefore, learning is a change in behavior. Such a change is seen in their mental

reasoning, physical growth, manipulative skills and development of values and interests.

The change may be easy or difficult depending on the home and the school environment

13
 Ogbodo (2010) further identifies three main types of reading habits. These are

Hobby, Recreational and Concentration. A hobby is an activity one does because one

derives some joy and satisfaction from doing it. After formal education’s attainment,

some people like reading as their hobby. Its purpose is to widen the reader’s horizon

areas like educational, religious, political, economic, current affairs, fiction and non-

fiction. The practice of reading as a hobby helps one to be versatile in knowledge in

many areas and the person can discuss issues knowledgeably with others. Fundamentally,

reading for recreation or relaxation is very common among the educated elite. People

who have gainful employment spend the whole day in the offices trying to solve

problems related to the jobs they do. When they come back from work, they normally

desire a change by reading books, newspapers and other written materials which are

different and of interest to them. Students should be encouraged to read magazines

instead of reading textbooks all the time. Students, who read magazines at intervals learn

to relax, cool their brain and avoid mental fatigue and also makes them live a disciplined

life in the school. In most cases, its effect in inducing sleep and rest after tedious reading

in the classroom or the library adds to good health habits. The concentration reading is

the most important type of reaching the desired outcome. It is the bedrock and the result

oriented reading which makes for achievement (Ogbodo, 2010).

Related Studies

In the study of Owusu-Acheaw, Michael and Winneba, Ghana (2014), entitled “Reading

Habits among Students and its Effect on Academic Performance:” A Study of Students of

Koforidua Polytechnic. The study sought to assess the reading habits among students and

their effects on their academic performance. The study was conducted in Koforidua

14
Polytechnic situated in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A questionnaire was used for the

data collection. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively with the use of Statistical

Package for Social Science (SPSS). Figures and tables were used to present the results of

findings. From the total of 1052 copies of questionnaire distributed, 1000 copies,

representing 95.0% were filled and returned. The findings showed that majority of the

respondents acknowledge the importance of reading, 81.9% of the respondents neither

read novel nor fiction within the last two semesters while 62.0% of the respondents only

read for the purpose of passing examination.

The study confirmed that reading habit has influence on academic performance and there

is a relationship between reading habit and academic performance. The study revealed

that majority of the respondents had the view that reading habits have effect on academic

performance and that there is a direct relationship between reading habits and academic

performance. The study further found out that laziness is one of the basic hindrances to

reading among the respondents.

The study recommended among others that lecturers should be advised to stop providing

handouts to students but rather encourage them to use the library for research and also,

the current system of assessing students should be given a second thought with respect to

the formulae of assessment.

In the study of Popoola, Grace Adeola, Amoo, Oluwafunmilayo Kunbi, Umar, Ojoma

Gloria Kogi and Popoola, Ayobami Abayomi(2021),entitled “Influence of Reading Habit

on Student Academic Performance in a Senior Second School in Ibadan, Secondary

school” as a gateway for the development of other sectors of the educational system

provides primary school leavers with the opportunity for qualitative education, the

15
platform for skills and knowledge for vocational work, or higher institutions admission.

In Nigeria, public discussions frequently focus on educational standards. This study aims

to examine the influence of students’ reading habits on students’ academic performance.

A descriptive survey design was adopted. The schools in Ibadan North LGA were

randomly selected, making a total of five schools. Each of the participants was randomly

selected, totaling 300 students. There was a significant positive relationship between

student reading habits and student academic performance (r = 0.84). At F=1.31, there is

no significant difference in the reading habit of male and female students.

Reading habit enhances the academic performance of students. Therefore, students

should be encouraged to inculcate in them the reading habit by providing enabling

environment and infrastructures that will stimulate students to read. Reading is the

bedrock of any formal form of education. It is a cornerstone of any academic endeavor or

success. It is the fulcrum or cornerstone of literacy, and without it, there can be no

literacy. Reading is a communication process in which information is transmitted from a

writer to a reader. The transmission can be through written symbols, which the reader

decoded as a result of experience. It is at the school setting that the importance of reading

is best appreciated because books constitute the bulk of learning resources. Student’s

success depends on the extent to which he/ she can obtain information from prints

quickly and efficiently.

Reading is one of the most fundamental components of school curricula. It involves the

recognition and understanding of the nature of the linguistics symbols that constitute

written language. Reading is an active process that requires full concentration and

16
thinking ability of the reader. Reading proficiency is the royal road to knowledge; it is

essential to success in all academic subjects. It is an essential means of acquiring success

in formal education; reading plays a significant role. Efforts should be made to teach the

pupils how to read. Kolawole (2005) also noted that reading is fundamental to learning,

and so a child’s ability to read is the centre of the education process. The success or

failure of students is often attributed to the student attitude to reading.

A student who could not read cannot benefit from formal education. The ability to read

and comprehend is a skill that a student requires to be successful in his/her academic

pursuit. That is why this study examined the effects of reading habits on the academic

performance of students in Ibadan North local government. The study reveals that there

was a significant positive relationship between student reading habit and student

academic performance (r = 0.84, N = 300, P < .05) and at F=1.31 and P>0.05 there is no

significant difference in the reading habit of male and female students.

In the study of Katenga, Josephine Esther, and Simon, Amanda (2019) entitled “Reading

Habits and Their Influence on Academic Achievement Among Students at Asia Pacific

International University”, said that reading habits have been correlated with academic

achievement. Students who have developed the habits of reading academic and non-

academic materials develop their comprehension of concepts, critical thinking skills, and

verbal fluency and ultimately have better academic outcomes. This quantitative study

examined reading habits and their influence on the academic achievements of students at

Asia-Pacific International University, Mauk Lek, Thailand. A convenience sampling

method was utilized to select 250 individuals who responded to a survey questionnaire, A

17
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. A multiple

regression and Correlation Matrix analysis checked the influence of reading habits on

academic achievement. Among the five variables, the study confirmed that the purpose of

reading has a significant relationship with academic performance. Furthermore, the

findings indicated that the majority of the respondents value the importance of reading.

However, the respondents had low reading habits.

The study findings show that students have cultivated some type of reading habit for

they read online articles from the website. Students read to improve their academic

outcomes and to reduce stress. Reading was also found to influence their knowledge

acquisition, world views, and skill in speaking and writing English. However, the lack of

interest in reading is a major problem It is, therefore, crucial for educators to emphasize

the importance of reading. To sum, there was a strong positive correlation between the

purpose of reading and academic achievement. This study seems to indicate that the

majority of the students who took part in the study have a positive reading attitude but

have lower reading habits.

In the study of Aghadiuno, Philip Chike Chukwunonso & Onyekweodiri, Nnamdi

Emmanuel (2019), entitled “Effect of Reading Habits on the Academic Performance of

Students in Nasarawa State Polytechnic Lafia”, This study investigated the effect of

reading habits on the academic performance of students in Nasarawa State Polytechnic

Lafia, and they used Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study.

Descriptive research design was used, the population of the study consisted 4300 students

spread across five faculties (schools) in the Polytechnic. The sample for the study was

18
645 students. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher designed

questionnaire.

Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation,

while a non-parametric statistic of chi – square (goodness of fit test) was used to test the

four hypotheses at .05level of significance. And the findings of the study revealed that the

level of reading has impact on students; reading habits has significant impact on students’

academic performance; academic library has significant impact on students reading habit;

social media and peer pressure are the major hindrances to effective reading habits

among students in Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia. Based on the results of this study,

it has been established that level of reading has impact on students; reading habits has

significant impact on students’ academic performance; academic library has significant

impact on students reading habit; social media and peer pressure are the major hindrances

to effective reading habits among students in Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia.

19
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the method of research design, the locale of the study, and

the respondents of the study, the instruments and its validity, the data gathering

procedure, the statistical tools used.

Research Design

This study will employ Descriptive Correlation method is essential because it's

gathered data on the said research. Correlation research method is used to look for

relationship analysis between variables. However, descriptive research also can describe

the population of data and characteristics about what is being studied and it is information

gathering study with ethical interpretation of the data findings, it describes to the conduct

study entitled, Effects of reading habits to the Academic performance of the selected first

year students of Philippine Muslims Teachers’ College.

Locale of the study

20
 This study will be conducted at Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College at 037 Bo.

Green, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. The said school was conceptualized on September 6,

1998 by a family of a Muslim educators and civic-minded community leaders headed by

President Dr. Norma M. Sharief, Ph.D whose primary aim is to help respond to the great

demand of quality teachers in the Muslim dominated region in the Southern Philippines.

Tri-mister program and is relentless in its effort in developing programs with

unique academic features that set it different from other colleges in and around Marawi

City.

The Philosophy of the Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College philosophy was inspired by

Hadith of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) Peace and Blessings of ALLAH

S.W.T. be upon him, in which he said, “I will give you two (2) things. If you adhere to

them, you will never go astray, In Shaa ALLAH. These are the Qur-an and the Sunnah,

“Thus, PMTC has been and shall continue to strive living up to this Philosophy, In Shaa

ALLAH.

It envisioned In Shaa ALLAH, to be an effective instrument of change and development

in the Bangsamoro homeland.

It mission In Shaa ALLAH, to produce Muslim Bangsamoro Teachers and Leaders who

are passionate and relentless in promoting the Teachings of Holy Qur-an and the Sunnah

of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) Peace and Blessings of ALLAH S.W.T. be

upon him and who will propagate the Islamic way of life in an exemplary manner.

21
Figure 2

22
 Administrative Map of the locale of the study
Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study will be the selected first year college student of

Philippine Muslims Teachers’ College. There are more than a thousand students enrolled

in the said school but only 100 would participate in the data gathered. The respondents

were currently enrolled in this school year 2021-2022. The researcher will use accidental

sampling in selecting the respondents of this study. Accidental sampling is a best way to

use in this study because the school is now on modular way of learning and the students

are not in school every day. The students of this institution were chosen as the

respondents of the study with the reference to have been exposed in modern approaches

to the teaching and one of the top performing private college in Marawi City.

Research Instrument and its validity

The data of the study will be gather using a structured questionnaire to survey the

respondents' about how reading habits effect their academic performance. Questionnaire

is subdivided into 3 parts; the first part will be the personal profile of the respondents that

includes their age, marital status, sex, and course.

The second part accommodate the respondents answers with accommodates the

scale questions the likert scale that will rate the questions provided by the research to

Strongly agree - Disagree. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire the researchers will

conduct pilot testing of the structured questionnaires.

23
Data Gathering Procedure

This portion describes how the researchers expected to gathered the necessary

data for the study. The researchers first made a letter to the designated authorities asking

permission to conduct a research activity in Philippine Muslims Teachers’ College. Upon

the approval of the presidents' office to conduct a study. The personal data sheet along

with the questionnaires are given individually to the respondents of the study. Rest

assured that the personal information was given remain keep confidential. The direction

regarding the completion of the questionnaires were explained to the respondents and the

researchers give enough time to the respondents to analyze and answer the given

questions and recollect the questionnaire after they answered the questions.

Statistical Tools to be used

The statistical tools used in this study were the following:

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution. This would use to describe the profile

of the respondents.

Formula: P=f/nx100

Where: P – Percentage

f – Frequency

n – Total number of respondents

2. Weighted Mean. This would use to describe the effect of reading habits to the

academic performance of the students.

24
 Formula:

X = Σ fx / Σ f

×=weighted mean

Fx= sum of all the products f and x where f is the frequency of

each

Choice and x is the weight of each choice

F= number of respondents

25
 Bibliography

Owusu-Acheaw, M, (2004) “Reading Habits Among Students and its Effect on

Academic Performance: AStudy of Students of Koforidua Polytechnic”.
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1130.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1130

Soubhagya S. Arali.,(2018) A Review of Literature on Reading Habits and use of

Public Library Resources By Urban Women.
http://www.ijnglt.com/files/v4i1/Soubhagya%20S%20Arali.pdf

Molotja, T. & Themani, M. (2018) Enhancing learner’s reading habits through

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 Ogbodo, R. O. (2010). Effective Study Habits in
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Appendix A
LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region Muslim Mindanao
Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education
Philippine Muslim Teachers' College Inc.
073, Barangay Green, Marawi City, Lanao del sur

October 07, 2021

DR. NORMA M. SHARIEF AL-HAJJ
President
Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College

Thru: SOHAILE M. SHARIEF

School Registrar

Dear Sir,
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are conducting a research entitled, "Effect of Reading Habits
to the Academic Performance of the selected 1st year college students of Philippine
Muslim Teachers’ College". This undergraduate research is a major requirement for the
completion of the course Bachelor of Secondary Education, Major in English. In this
regard, the researchers are writing this letter to ask your kind permission to allow us to
conduct our study regarding the effect of reading habits to the academic performance of
the selected students in your respective school. This study aims to know the effect of
reading habits to the academic performance of the students. Rest assured that your
students are in great care and that all of data and information that will be gathered will be
used for academic purposes only.
Respectfully yours,

NISHMA A. CASIM
HANIFA G. MARANDANG
ASLIAH O. MASTURA

27
 NIHAYA A. MAROHOM
ROMAISAH D. MAWE

Noted:
Sgd. Ahmad Abbas B. Cuaro, CSPE, LPT
Thesis Adviser

Appendix B
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region Muslim Mindanao
Ministry of Basic, Higher and Technical Education
Philippine Muslim Teachers' College Inc.
073, Barangay Green, Marawi City, Lanao del sur

October 07, 2021

Dear Students:

Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned Students are conducting a research entitled, "Effect of Reading Habits
to the Academic Performance of the selected 1st year college students of Philippine
Muslim Teachers' College".
In this connection the researchers are writing this letter to ask your kind permission to be
one of our respondents by answering the attached survey questionnaire.
Rest assured that the data that will gathered will be used for academic purposes only and
will be treated as with utmost care and confedintiality.
Thank you and more power!
Respectfully yours,
NISHMA A. CASIM
HANIFA G. MARANDANG
ASLIAH O. MASTURA
NIHAYA A. MAROHOM
ROMAISAH D. MAWE

Noted by;

28
Sgd. Ahmad Abbas B. Cuaro, CSPE, LPT
Thesis Adviser

APPENDIX C

QUESTIONNAIRE

Effect of Reading Habits To The Academic Performance Of The Selected First Year

Students Of Philippine Muslim Teachers’ College.

I. RESPONDENT’S PROFILE

Answer each of the following questions. Place a check mark (/) on the space

provided for your response.

1. Name: (optional) _______________________________________________

2. Age: ( ) 17 – 18 ( ) 19 – 20 ( ) 21 – 23 ( ) others, please specify

3. Civil Status:

Single ( ) Married ( ) Widow ( ) Separated ( )

3. Sex:

Male ( ) Female ( )

4. Course:

29
 Bachelor of Elementary Education ( )

Bachelor of Secondary Education ( )

Bachelor of Science in Social Work ( )

Bachelor of Science in Criminology ( )

II. EFFECT OF READING HABITS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

THE SELECTED FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF PHILIPPINE MUSLIM
TEACHERS’ COLLEGE

A. Please fill in this information by answering the questions. Please check ( / ) on the

box for what you consider the best and the nearest.

1 – Strongly Agree
2 – Agree
3 – Disagree
4 – Strongly Disagree

Indicators 1 2 3 4
1. I become more interested in reading my class lecture notes.
2. Reading has enhanced my brain activity
3. Reading has increased my ability to understand others.
4. Reading reduces my stress.
5. Reading increases my imagination and creativity.
6. Reading enhances my achievement and leadership abilities.
7. Reading provide my emotional comfort.
8. Reading improve my writing skills.
9. I become more socially proficient when reading.
10. I spend my free time on reading books.

30
11. Reading becomes my favorite hobby.
12. I get a lot of enjoyment from reading.
13. Reading fosters my concentration.
14. Reading develop my empathy.
15. Reading develop my communication skills.
16. Reading has improves my grammar.

17. Reading has improves my vocabulary.

18. Reading has improves my study habits.
19. Reading has improves my reading comprehension skills.
20. Reading has improves my analyzation skills.

31