4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction

5 Electromagnetic Induction
Practice 5.1 (p.239) (c)
1 C
By Lenz’s law, an S-pole is induced at X.
2 B
(d)
The magnetic field may be produced by other
objects, such as a current-carrying coil.
3 A
The magnetic field through the ring points into 6 (a) No induced current and magnetic force
the page. As it moves, the magnetic field in it (b) No induced current and magnetic force
decreases, so an induced current is formed to (c) I

create a magnetic field into the page.

4 D
When the ring approaches the magnet, the
F
upward magnetic field through the ring
strengthens, so a current in the clockwise (d) I
direction is induced to oppose the change.
F
 (1) is correct.
When the ring leaves the magnet, the upward
magnetic field through the ring weakens, so a
current in the anticlockwise direction is 7 (a) Clockwise
induced to oppose the change. (b) Clockwise
 (2) is correct. 8 When the coil is flipped, it cuts through the
The magnetic field applies an upward force on earth’s magnetic field and a current is
the ring against gravity. induced.
 (3) is correct. 9 (a)
5 (a) S N

I
(b) (i) Increases
(b) F N S
(ii) Reverses
(iii) Disappears

I
10 (a) By Lenz’s law, an induced current flows
in the coil to oppose the motion of the
bar magnet. Therefore, an N-pole is
induced at C.

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction

(b) From A to B (ii) Power dissipated =

(c) To B
Practice 5.2 (p.252)
1 D
2 D
If the diameter is doubled, the area of the
search coil is increased to 4 times of the
original.
3 C
ΔΦ = = Current through the rod
4 (a) When the spring is stretched, the number
of turns per unit length decreases and
hence the magnetic field inside it
decreases. This change causes an
induced current to flow in the search
coil, so a trace is formed on the CRO.
(b) Axial type
(c) Any one of the following:
Compress the spring suddenly.
Vary the output voltage suddenly.
Switch off the power supply.
5 (a) An e.m.f. is induced as the metal rod
cuts through a magnetic field.
Consider the area swept by the rod in
time Δt.
=
= 1.46 × 10–5 W
(iii) The rod carries a current and cuts
through a magnetic field. By
Fleming’s right-hand rule, it
experiences a magnetic force to the
left. Therefore, a force is needed to
keep it moving at a constant speed.
=
=
= 2.7  103 A
FB = BIl
= 1.8 × 2.7 × 10–3 × 0.1
= 4.86 × 10–4 N
A force of the same magnitude
should be applied towards the right.
(iv) Push the rod faster.
Use a bulb of lower resistance.
(Or other reasonable answers)
6 (a) At t = 0,
Φ = BA = 1.2 × 0.052 = 3 × 10–3 T
At t = 5 s,

Induced e.m.f. = Φ = BA = 2.4 × 0.052 = 6 × 10–3 T

(b) Induced e.m.f. 
= = = =6×

= 1.8 × 0.03 × 0.1 10–4 V

= 5.4 × 10 V
–3
(c) Current through the coil
There is no current because the rod and
=
the rails do not form a complete circuit.
(b) (i) Clockwise

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction

= 1 C
No current is generated when the plastic part
= 1.2 × 10 A–3
of the ring is in contact with the carbon brush.
The current flows anticlockwise. 2 C
7 (a) 3 D
The power source must output a changing
v = current to produce a changing magnetic field,
which induces current in the aluminium ring.
= 4 B

= 7500 m s–1 By Fleming’s right-hand rule, a downward

The speed of the satellite is 7500 m s–1. current is induced in the middle of the

(b) The gravitational force from the earth magnetic field.

provides the centripetal force that the Alternatively, by Lenz’s law, in the part

satellite needs. leaving the magnetic field, current flows

Distance of satellite from earth’s centre clockwise; in the part approaching the field,

= RE + h current flows anticlockwise.

5 (a)


h=

= 7.09  105 m (= 709 km) Disconnect the battery and connect the
(c) The tether is not perpendicular to the outside circuit to a load.
earth’s magnetic field. Change the commutator into two slip
(d) Let the angle between XY and the earth’s rings.
magnetic field be θ. Rotate the coil continuously to produce
a.c.
(b) Any two of the following:
Use stronger magnets.
Increase the number of turns in the coil.
Increase the area of the core within the
magnetic field
Wind the coil on a soft-iron core.
Rotate the coil at a higher speed.
Practice 5.3 (p.267)
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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction

6 (a) Sound waves make the diaphragm and in the loading circuit always flows in the
the coil attached to it vibrate to and fro. same direction.
As the coil cuts through the magnetic (b)
field of the magnets, an a.c. is induced in
it. This induced a.c. varies according to
the frequency and amplitude of the
sound waves.
This induced a.c. can be converted back
into sound using a loudspeaker.
(b)

Revision exercise 5
(c) Use a diaphragm of a smaller mass.
Concept traps (p.271)
Use a diaphragm of larger size to collect
1 T
more sound.
The magnitude of an induced e.m.f. is directly
(Or other reasonable answers)
proportional to the rate of change of the
(d) Sound energy is converted to mechanical
magnetic field passing through a coil. If the
energy of the coil and then to electrical
frequency decreases, the rate of change of the
energy.
magnetic field and hence the induced e.m.f.
7 (a) The wind drives the cups and hence the
decreases.
magnet to rotate. The magnetic flux
2 F
through the coil varies, so current is
An induced current is produced only when the
induced in the coil. The wind speed is
wire is connected to a closed circuit.
known if the galvanometer reading is
3 T
calibrated.
4 T
(b) The induced current increases as the
5 F
wind speed increases.
The turning motion causes a change in
8 (a) X is a commutator.
magnetic flux through the coil. By Lenz’s law,
It reverses the connections of the coil
an induced current would oppose the turning.
with the loading circuit whenever the
Therefore, energy is needed to keep the coil
coil passes the vertical so that the current
turning even if there is no friction. Also, the

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law of conservation of energy is violated if By Lenz’s law, eddy currents are induced in a
electricity can be generated without energy direction so as to oppose the motion of the
input. metal plate.
 (1) and (3) are correct.
Multiple-choice questions (p.271) The eddy current heats up the plate.
6 A  (2) is correct.
7 B 13 D
8 B (2) and (3) changes the magnetic flux through
An e.m.f. is induced across the rod. By the coil and (1) does not.
Fleming’s right hand rule, X is positive. 14 A
 (2) is correct. The magnetic field through the coil remains in
There is no complete circuit. No current flows the same direction in the process. It first
through the rod and hence the rod does not increases then decreases, so a current is first
experience a magnetic force. induced in one direction and then the other to
 (1) and (3) are incorrect. oppose the change in the field. The field in the
9 B coil does not change significantly when the
Area swept by the rod in Δt = vΔt (l sin30°) toy car is inside the solenoid so the current is
e.m.f. induced = nearly zero at that time.
15 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q42)
= 16 (HKALE 2011 Paper 2 Q27)
17 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q31)
= Bvl sin 30°
18 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1A Q27)
10 D
When the magnet is pulled away as shown, by
Conventional questions (p.274)
Lenz’s law, an N-pole is induced on the left
19 (a)
side of the solenoid to oppose the motion of
the magnet.
 (1) and (2) are correct.
The applied force against the magnetic force is
along the direction of motion.
 (3) is correct.
(Correct shape) 1A
11 C
(Correct direction) 1A
ε= = = (b) The magnetic field through the coil
keeps changing. 1A
12 D
This induces an e.m.f. in the coil 1A
and lights the bulb. 1A

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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction

(c) It can be used to detect changing 1A

magnetic fields. 1A (ii) 0.04 s 1A
(Or other reasonable answers) (iii) Frequency = = 25 Hz 1A
20 (a) The magnetic field through the solenoid
changes as the magnet spins. 1A (b) Increase the amplitude of oscillation 1A
This induces an e.m.f. in the solenoid Bring the solenoid closer to the magnet
and lights the bulb. 1A 1A
(b) South pole 1A (c) The wire and the solenoid now forms a
(c) Spin the magnet more quickly. 1A complete circuit, 1A
Use a light bulb of lower resistance. 1A so a current flows in the solenoid. 1A
(Or other reasonable answers) By Lenz’s law, 1A
(d) No. 1A this current flows to oppose the motion
The solenoid produces a magnetic field of the magnet. 1A
that opposes the motion of the solenoid, (d) No, 1A
1A the magnetic flux through the solenoid
so the magnet slows down. 1A still changes. 1A
Or No. 1A 23 (a) tZ < tY < tX 1A
The kinetic energy of the spinning (b) When the magnets approach the tubes,
magnet is changed into other forms such by Lenz’s law, the induced currents flow
as light energy in the bulb, 1A in the tubes to oppose the change. 1A
so the magnet slows down. 1A Lower resistivity implies a larger current
21 (a) induced in the tube. 1A
The opposition caused by a larger
induced current is larger. 1A
Therefore it takes the magnet a longer
time to pass through a coil with lower
(Correct graph) 1A resistivity.
(Correct time) 1A (c) Clockwise 1A
(b) No. 1A (d) The current induced is larger when the
The ring has a slit and cannot form a magnets leave the tube. 1A
closed circuit. 1A As the magnets moves faster, 1A
(c) (i) It becomes lower. 1A the rate of change of magnetic field is
(ii) It swings a few times with a larger at the bottom end. 1A
decreasing maximum height 1A 24 (a) A.c. generator 1A
and finally comes to stop. 1A (b) Clockwise 1A
22 (a) (i) When the induced e.m.f. is zero
(i.e. t = 0.02 s, 0.04 s and 0.06 s)

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(c) As the rod does not form a complete

circuit, electrons accumulate at X.
(b) The electrostatic force acted on the
electrons due to the potential developed
(Correct labelled axes) 1A cancels the magnetic force applied by
(Sine curve, one period) 1A the magnetic field.
(Correct starting point) 1A QE = BQv 1M
(d) Any two of the following: 1A + 1A = BQv 1M
Use stronger magnets.
Increase the number of turns in the coil. V = Blv 1A
Increase the area of the core within the 27 (a) ε0 = 2πf × NΦ = 2πf × NBA 1M
magnetic field.
Wind the coil on a soft-iron core. Amplitude of magnetic flux density B
Rotate the coil at a higher speed. =
25 (a) As the coil rotates, the coil cuts through
different amounts of field lines at = 1M
different angles. 1A
= 3.82 × 10–3 T 1A
(b) (i) Y = NΦ = NBA 1M
(b) It shows a vertical straight line. 1A
Magnetic flux density B = 1A
(c) The vertical trace becomes a spot at the
(ii) Vertical centre. 1A
(iii) As the magnetic field is steady, no e.m.f.
is induced in the search coil. 1A
28 (a) This gives a fixed contact between the
coil and the load circuit, and avoids
sparks produced due to moving contact
(Correct starting point) 1A between carbon brushes and rings. 1A.
(D.c. of period 0.5t) 1A (b) (i) The work done by the person is
(c) (i) Period: unchanged 1A converted to kinetic energy of the
Magnitude: increases 1A magnet 1A
(ii) Period: decreases 1A then to electrical energy. 1A
Magnitude: increases 1A (ii) As part of the energy provided by
26 (a) If the circuit is complete, by Fleming’s the person is converted into
right hand rule, an induced current electrical energy, 1A
should flow from X to Y, 1A more energy is required to provide
so electrons flow from Y to X. 1A the same amount of kinetic energy
to the bicycle. 1A

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(c) (i) The wheel is turning steadily. 1A (d) Resistance of the wire R
(ii) Its amplitude increases 1A = 1M
while its period decreases. 1A
29 (a) A varying current flows in coil A, 1A
=
and produces a varying magnetic field.
1A
= 5.1  10–3 
This varying magnetic field induces an
Average current
e.m.f. in coil B. 1A
The induced current flows in coil B to = = = 3.97 A 1A
charge the battery. 1A
By Lenz’s law, the induced current
(b) (i) Maximum change in magnetic flux
flows clockwise. 1A
linkage ΔΦmax
(e) The induced e.m.f. will not change as the
= NΔBmaxA 1M
rate of change of magnetic flux through
= 122 [1 (1)] π (0.014)2
the frame will not change. 1A
= 0.150 Wb 1A
The induced current will decrease as the
(ii) εmax ≈ 1M resistance of the wire is larger. 1A
31 (HKALE 2009 Paper 2 Q3)
=
32 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q13)
= 1.50 V 1A
30 (a) Change in magnetic flux  Experiment questions (p.278)
= BA 1M 33 (a) Electromagnetic induction 1A
= (b) No, 1A
this is because the strength of the magnet
and its acceleration remain unchanged.
1A
= 6.07  10–3 Wb 1A
(c) Add a cushion below the coil to protect
(b) Δ = BA – BA cos θ 1M
the magnet. 1A
6.07  103 = 0.4(0.15)2 (1  cos )
(d) Any two of the following: 1A + 1A
 = 38.2 1A
Drop the magnet from a higher position.
The frame should rotate 38.2.
Use a stronger magnet.
(c) Average induced e.m.f. 
Use a coil of more turns.
= 1M
34 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1B Q10)

=
Physics in article (p.279)
= 0.02023 V 35 (a) The traditional generator uses up more
 0.0202 V 1A energy 1A

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since it has moving parts which use up

some kinetic energy to overcome
friction. 1A
(b) The cyclist could achieve a higher speed
when using the new generator. 1A

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