Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

Chapter 24

Electromagnetic Induction

3. (a) F The magnitude of the emf does not depend

Checkpoint
on the resistance of the rod. It is the induced
current that depends on the resistance of the
Checkpoint 1 (p. 269)
rod.
(b) F A constant emf is induced if the conductor
1. (a) See the igure below.
cuts magnetic ield lines at a steady rate.

Checkpoint 2 (p. 277)

1. (a) Yes
(b) Yes

2. (a) T The energy of the induced current comes

(b) See the igure below. from the work done to against the opposition.
(b) F If a circuit is open, there will still be an

induced emf, but will be no induced current.

(c) F If the emf induced in the two arms of
the coil cancels out, there will be no current
induced in the coil. Only when a part of the
coil cuts magnetic ield lines, a current will be
induced.
(d) F Electrical energy is converted from the
(c) See the igure below.
mechanical energy that is used to push the
magnet towards the coil.

3. (a) Anticlockwise
(b) Anticlockwise

4. (a) (i) See the igure below.

2. (a) Yes
Pointing from left to right
(b) No (ii) See the igure below.
(c) No
(d) Yes
Pointing from right to left
(e) Yes
Pointing into the paper (b) • Move the magnet/coil faster.
(f) Yes • Increase the turns density of the coil.
Pointing from the centre to the edge • Use a stronger magnet.
(Accept other reasonable answers.)
2| Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Checkpoint Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

5. (a) No (d) • Use stronger magnets.

(b) Yes • Use a coil with more no. of turns.
• Use a coil with larger area inside the
6. (a) T By Lenz’s law, the loop will be repelled to
magnetic ield.
the left to reduce the magnetic ield passing
(Accept other reasonable answers.)
through it.
(b) T According to Lenz’s law, the area of the 3. (a) No
loop will decrease to reduce the number of A motor converts electrical energy into
ield lines passing through. mechanical energy. No emf or current is
induced during the process.
Checkpoint 3 (p. 282) (b) Yes
In a moving-coil microphone, sound wave
1. No causes the magnetic ield in the coil to vary.
As switch S is not connected to a battery, no A current is induced in the coil due to EM
magnetic ield is produced, and thus no emf is induction, and thus an electrical signal is
induced across PQ . produced.
(c) No
2. (a) From Q to P
In a moving-coil loudspeaker, electrical signal
(b) No current is induced.
makes the coil to oscillate and produces sound
(c) From P to Q wave. No emf or current is induced during the
3. B Since the magnet is falling under gravity, its process.
speed increases as it falls. So the second peak is
narrower but is larger in magnitude. Checkpoint 5 (p. 294)

Checkpoint 4 (p. 291) 1. (a) T The eddy currents always low in a

direction to oppose the changes that induce
1. (a) T It is the mechanical input that supplies the them.
energy. (b) F This violates the conservation of energy.
(b) F The frequency of the output voltage is twice (c) F An induction cooker heats up a conducting
of that of the rotation of the coil. cooking utensil through the heating effect of
(c) T Connecting a dc generator to a power the eddy currents induced in the utensil.
supply will form a dc motor. 2. Tube A = tube B < tube C
(d) T A radial ield ensures that the magnetic
3. (a) Block C
ield is always perpendicular to the coil, so the
emf induced is always maximum. (b) Block A
(c) Block A
2. (a) (i) Slip rings
(ii) Carbon brush 4. Only ac can produce a varying magnetic ield to
induce eddy currents in the metal. It is the heating
(b) Ac generator
effect of these eddy currents that melts the metal.
(c) See the igure below.

Checkpoint 6 (p. 301)

1. (a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes

2. B A sin α

3. Rings 1 and 3
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Checkpoint |3

Checkpoint 7 (p. 307) 3. (a) E

(b) E
1. (a) F The induced emf increases only when the
(c) A
rate of change of magnetic lux through the coil
increases.
Checkpoint 9 (p. 322)
(b) F The magnetic lux linkage through the coil
is independent of the resistance of the coil. 1. See the table on next page.
(c) F Even in a steady magnetic ield, emf can still
2. B A step-up transformer steps up voltage while a
be induced in a coil if the coil moves in a way
step-down transformer steps down voltage.
that the magnetic lux through it changes.
3. (a) No
2. (a) A > C = D > B = E
(b) Yes
(b) See the igure below.
4. P p = P s /η = 40/80% = 50 W
∴ I p = P p /Vp = 50/220 = 0.227 A

5. (a) No. of turns between AC = 30

No. of turns between B D = 50
∴ Pd across B D = 12 × 50
30 = 20 V
Vp 240
(b) Np = V AC N AC = 12 × 30 = 600

3. (a) By E = N ∆Φ ∆Φ ∆B 6. The no. of turns in the primary coil is still 600.

∆t , time ∆t = N E = N A E =
(3000)(1 × 10−4 ) 0.6−0
0.6 = 0.3 s 7. (a) T A steady dc voltage produces a steady

(b) • The student pulled out the coil less magnetic ield. So no current is induced, and
quickly. the output power is zero.
• The plane of the coil is not perpendicular (b) T Interchanging the input and output can
to the magnetic ield. turn a step-up transformer into a step-down
(Accept other reasonable answers.) transformer.
E ∆Φ/∆t A∆B /∆t (c) F Increasing the no. of turns in the secondary
4. (a) I avg = R = R = R =
(8 × 10−4 )(1.2−0.45)/0.75 coil only increases the output voltage, but
5 = 1.6 × 10−4 A , lowing
cannot amplify the output power.
clockwise.
B ∆A/∆t (1.2)(8 × 10−4 −5.5 × 10−4 )/0.75 8. (a) No
(b) I avg = R = 5 =
8 × 10 −5
A , lowing clockwise. Increasing the no. of turns increases the
A∆B /∆t (8 × 10−4 )(1.2−1.2 cos 30°)/0.35 resistance of the wire, so the ef iciency is
(c) I avg = R = 5 =
7.35 × 10 −5
A , lowing clockwise. reduced.
(b) Yes
Checkpoint 8 (p. 311) Using laminated iron core can reduce the eddy
currents induced.
1. (a) T It measures a time-varying magnetic ield (c) Yes
by monitoring the current induced in the coil. Thicker wires have smaller resistance, so the
(b) FIt can also be used to ind the direction of a energy dissipated in the wires is reduced.
magnetic ield. (d) Yes
A good soft-iron core can guide the ield lines
2. (a) F A search coil is usually made small in size
from the primary coil to the secondary coil and
to sample the magnetic ield over a small area.
reduce the lux leakage.
Note that reducing the size of a search coil decreases its
sensitivity. (e) No
A steel core cannot guide ield lines, so it
(b) T Increasing the number of turns of the
cannot increase the ef iciency.
search coil increases its sensitivity.
4| Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

Checkpoint 9 Q1

Np Ns Vp Vs Ip Is Pp Ps

A 100 500 230 V 1150 V 1A 0.2 A 230 W 230 W

B 400 100 230 V 57.5 V 0.25 A 1A 57.5 W 57.5 W
C 150 750 48 V 240 V 2A 0.4 A 96 W 96 W

Checkpoint 10 (p. 329) 3. B Voltage must be induced in it, but current will
only be induced if the wire forms a closed loop.
1. B As the power output from the power station
4. B As the rod is not connected to a complete circuit,
is ixed, transmitting at a higher voltage gives a
no current is induced. There is no magnetic force
smaller current. From P loss = I 2 R , we can see that
acting on the rod, so the maximum height it can
the heating effect is reduced. v 02
reach is 2g .
2. (a) Yes (b) No (c) No
5. (a) (i) The rightward magnetic ield through the
coil decreases.
3. Ac can be easily stepped up and down with
transformers. (ii) Rightwards
(iii) In the direction QP SR
4. Current in power lines I = VP = 100
20 = 5 A
(b) (i) The upward magnetic ield in the coil
∴ Pd loss = I R = (5)(4) = 20 V and
increases.
power loss = I 2 R = (52 )(4) = 100 W .
(ii) Downwards
5. (a) F Transformer is used to step up (or down) (iii) From P to Q via the resistor
voltages. It cannot change a dc into an ac.
(c) (i) The leftward magnetic ield decreases.
(b) T Otherwise, the current will low to the (ii) Leftwards
ground through the metal transmission towers.
(iii) From P to Q via the resistor
6. The statement is incorrect.
6. (a) Upwards
When considering the power loss in the cable, V in
(b) From Q to P through the rod
the equation should be the pd loss in the cable, not
the transmission voltage. (c) From Q to P through the rod

The power loss can also be given by P = I 2 R , so the smaller This matches the answer in (b).
the current, the smaller the power loss. To achieve this, a high 7. (a) No
transmission voltage is required.
Because the circuit is now incomplete.
(b) End Q
Exercise If the circuit is complete, the induced current
would low from end Q to end P inside the rod.
Exercise 24.1 (p. 283) That means the electrons would low from end
P to end Q . But now, the circuit is incomplete,
1. D Only the motion described in D can produce a the electrons have nowhere to go. So they
changing magnetic ield in the coil. would accumulate at end Q .
(c) End P
2. C Options A and B are incorrect. As long as
the coil moves horizontally, the no. of ield lines
enclosed by the coil remains unchanged. So no
current is induced.
Option C is correct. When the coil rotates about
its diameter, the no. of ield lines enclosed varies
between 0 and the max. , so a current is induced.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise |5

8. (a) See the diagram below. (b) (i) Increases

(ii) Decreases
(iii) The ring will not jump up.

13. (a) From t = 0.1 s to t = 0.2 s

(b) See the diagram below.

(b) VO > V X = VY

9. (a) When the ring passes a , the outward magnetic

ield enclosed by it is increasing. So an inward
magnetic ield is required, and the induced
14. (a) Let the anticlockwise direction be the positive
current lows clockwise.
direction.
When it passes b , the outward magnetic ield
is changing to an inward magnetic ield. So the
induced magnetic ield has to point outwards,
and an anticlockwise current is induced.
When it passes c , the inward magnetic ield is
decreasing. So we need an inward magnetic
ield, and the induced current lows clockwise.
(b) (i) According to Lenz’s law, when the ring
(b) Yes just enters and leaves the magnetic ield, a
As the ring moves faster, the magnetic ield in magnetic force acts on the ring to oppose
the coil changes more rapidly. So the induced its motion. So the ring would be slowed
current would become larger. down by the magnetic force, and would
stop sooner.
10. (a) From X to Y through the galvanometer
Alternative Solution:
(b) • Increase the turns density of coil P
When the ring just enters the magnetic
• Increase the turns density of coil Q ield, the induced current in it lows in
• Reduce the resistance of the rheostat at a anticlockwise direction. According to
faster rate Fleming’s left-hand rule, the magnetic force
acting on its right arm points left. Similarly,
11. (a) As a south pole is approaching, a current would we can see that when it just leaves the ield,
be induced to produce a south pole at the top the magnetic force acting on its left arm also
to oppose it. So the induced current lows points left. Thus the ring would stop sooner.
clockwise (as viewed from the top).
(ii) As the ring swings across the magnetic
(b) They would move towards each other.
ield, current is induced in it. The energy
When the magnet is approaching, the mag- used to produce the current comes from
netic ield enclosed by the conducting loop the kinetic energy of the ring. So the ring is
increases. So, to oppose this change, the rods slowed down and would stop sooner.
would move closer to reduce the area of the
loop.
Exercise 24.2 (p. 295)
12. (a) It would fall down afterwards.
Soon after the switch is closed, the magnetic 1. D To turn the coil of a generator, an external
ield produced by the solenoid will become force is required. This external force provides a
steady. So no current will be induced in the mechanical energy input to the generator, and the
ring, and the magnetic force acting on it will generator then converses it into electrical energy.
disappear.
6| Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise
2. A As the plate is moving towards the right, eddy
currents are induced around the vertical sides of the
magnetic ield only.
3. (a) Replace the battery by a load.
(b) A dc generator
(c) See the diagram below.
4. (a) Clockwise
(b) See the diagram below.
(c) Peak value: doubled
Frequency: doubled
5. (a) Ac
(b) As the magnet rotates, the magnetic ields
through the solenoids change. By Lenz’s
law, currents are induced in the solenoids to
oppose the change in magnetic ields. So a
current is generated.
(c) Any of the following:
• Use a stronger magnet.
• Rotate the magnet faster.
• Insert soft-iron cores into the solenoids.
• Increase the turns density of the solenoids.
• Place the solenoids closer to the magnet.
(Accept other reasonable answers.)
6. Yes
As the energy supplied to the lamp comes from his
riding, he needs to put extra effort on his riding to
provide the energy required to light up the lamp.
7. (a) When somebody speaks, the sound wave
produced will set the air molecules nearby into
vibration. These air molecules will then hit the
diaphragm and move the coil.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises
(b) When sound is detected, the coil will move
accordingly around the magnet. This will
induce a current, which is the electric signal.
8. (a) T The circuit of the induction cooker is
separated from the pot. No current lows
directly between them.
(b) F In order to induce eddy currents in the
pot, only pots that are made of electrical
conducting materials can be used.
(c) F The directions of the eddy currents change
from time to time.
9. (a) When the magnet passes through the tube,
eddy currents are induced. The heating effect
of the eddy currents warms up the tube.
(b) As the energy used to warm up the copper tube
comes from the kinetic energy of the magnet,
the magnet falls slower.
Alternative Solution:
As the eddy currents formed in the copper tube
oppose the motion of the magnet, the magnet is
slowed down.
10. (a) The time taken will become longer.
As the magnetic ield becomes weaker, the
induced current in the ring becomes smaller.
So the braking force becomes smaller.
(b) The time taken will be the same.
The direction of the magnetic ield does not
affect the size of the induced current, so the
braking force remains the same.
(c) The time taken will become shorter.
As the resistance of a plate is smaller than that
of a ring, the eddy currents induced become
larger, so as the braking force.
11. (a) When the brake pedal is depressed, a current
passes through the coil and produces a
magnetic ield. Since the rotating metal disc
is cutting through the magnetic ield, eddy
currents are induced in the disc and provide
a braking force.
(b) No
Since the rotation of the disc slows down
during braking, the rate of cutting ield lines
decreases. So the eddy currents become
smaller, and the braking force reduces.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise |7

(c) Any of the following: 8. (a) E = LvB ⊥ = (0.1)(10)(1 × sin 30°) = 0.5 V

• Use a metal disc with smaller resistance (b) E = (0.1)(10)(1) = 1V

• Increase the area of the disc within the (c) E = (0.1 × sin 30°)(10)(1) = 0.5 V
ield
9. (a) Take the clockwise direction as the positive
• Rewind the coil with a higher turns
direction.
density
• Increase the current in the coil

12. Both the suspended magnet and the suspended disc

rotate anticlockwise (as viewed from the top).

Exercise 24.3 (p. 311)

1. (a) Φ = B ⊥ A = (1)(0.1 × 0.1) = 1 × 10−2 Wb

(b) Take the leftward direction as the positive
(b) Φ = (1 × cos 60°)(π × 0.12 ) = 1.57 × 10−2 Wb
direction.
(c) Φ = (0)(0.1 × 0.08) = 0

2. B Option A: By de inition, the unit of magnetic lux

is Wb.
Option C: By Φ = B A , unit T m2 is equivalent to Wb.
Option D: By F = B I ℓ, unit T is equivalent to
N A−1 m−1 . So unit N m A−1 is equivalent to Wb.
10. (a) As the frame passes through the magnetic ield
Option B: By E = ∆Φ
∆t , unit V s is equivalent to Wb. So at a constant speed, we have:
−1
V s cannot be the unit of magnetic lux.

3. D For a coil of N turns, the total emf induced is LI B = mg

E = N ∆Φ
∆t , which is the rate of change of magnetic
(0.13)I (1) = (0.004)(9.81)
lux linkage. ∴I = 0.302 A

4. D To have maximum induced current, the area of

(b) From E = LvB , we have v = E/(LB ) = I R/(LB ) =
the loop has to be the largest. With the length of
(0.302 × 20)/(0.13 × 1) = 46.5 m s−1 .
wire ixed, the area of the loop would be the largest
if it is wound into a circle. ∴ Total energy dissipated = P t = (I 2 R)(2h/v) =
(0.3022 × 20)(2 × 0.08/46.5) = 6.28 × 10−3 J
On the other hand, the loop cuts through the most
ield lines when the z -axis lies in the loop’s plane. So Alternative Solution:
the loop should lie in the x –z plane. As the frame does not accelerate, the total energy
dissipated = ∆PE = mg ∆h = (0.004)(9.81)(2 × 0.08) =
5. Change in magnetic ield in 1 s = 4 T 6.28 × 10−3 J.
2
∴ Induced emf E = ∆Φ ∆B A
∆t = ∆t =
(4)(π×0.05 )
1 = 0.0314 V

2 11. (a) Induced emf E = LvB ⊥ = (0.3)(2)(0.4) = 0.24 V

6. Induced emf E = ∆B A
∆t =
(0.2)(0.1 )
1 = 0.002 V
(b) (i) The inclined angle would not affect the
∴ Induced current I = V /R = 0.002/20 = 0.1 mA
induced emf (as long as the rod is still on
7. (a) The component B ⊥ changes from 0.5 T to 0 T the rails).
when the coil rotates for 90°. (ii) The induced emf would become larger.
∴ ∆Φ = ∆B ⊥ A = (0.5)(0.06 × 0.1) = 0.003 Wb (iii) The resistance of the rails would not affect
◦ the induced emf.
(b) Time required for the coil to rotate for 90
90°
= 2 1Hz × 360 ° = 0.125 s
∴ Induced emf E = N ∆Φ 0.003
∆t = 50 × 0.125 = 1.2 V

(c) Power P = V 2 /R = 1.22 /10 = 0.144 W

8| Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

12. Connect the solenoid to the ac power supply, and (d) No

connect the search coil to the ac voltmeter. If energy was stepped up, energy conservation would be
Place the search coil inside the solenoid with its violated.
plane perpendicular to the solenoid axis. Take the (e) No
voltmeter reading.
2. D A transformer having no lux leakage does not
Then, place the search coil at different positions
necessarily have 100% ef iciency. For example,
inside the solenoid and observe the change in the
energy loss due to wire heating would reduce its
voltmeter reading.
ef iciency. So its output power may be smaller than
The voltmeter reading should be more or less the or equal to its input power.
same except near the ends of the solenoid.
3. D An ideal transformer could be a step-up
13. (a) The wire carrying an ac creates a changing transformer or a step-down transformer. It depends
magnetic ield around it. This induces an emf on the turns ratio of its primary coil to secondary
in the search coil. By measuring the induced coil.
emf, the current in the wire can be found.
4. C A is incorrect as current in the primary coil
(b) Orientation P
does not low directly to the secondary coil.
Because its plane is perpendicular to the
B is incorrect as the heat produced in the coils is
magnetic ield created by the wire.
not desired.
(c) A small search coil samples over a small area.
C is correct. This reduces the lux leakage.
So the reading could better represents the
magnetic ield at that point. D is incorrect as transformer cannot convert an ac
into a dc.
14. (a) Frequency f = T1 = 2×(0.11× 10−3 ) = 5000 Hz
5. (a) Yes
(b) By E0 = 2πN B 0 A f , the peak magnetic ield
E0 0.4 (b) Yes
B0 = = =
2πN A f 2π(3000)(1.0 × 10−4 )(5000)
(c) Yes
4.24 × 10−5 T.
µ I Vs Ns Ns
From B = 2πr
0
, the max. current I 0 = 2πr B 0 /µ0 = 6. (a) By Vp = Np , voltage output Vs = N p Vp =
2π(0.005)(4.24 × 10−5 )/(4π × 10−7 ) = 1.06 A . 800
× 220 = 880 V .
200

15. (a) Magnetic lux Φ = B A cos θ = B A cos ωt (b) Current I s = Vs /R = 880/500 = 1.76 A

ωt )
Induced emf E = N ddΦt = N d(B Adcos
t
= (c) Power P s = Vs I s = (880)(1.76) = 1550 W
ωt )
N B A d(cos
dt = −N ωB A sin ωt (d) By energy conservation, power in the primary
∴ The amplitude E0 is N ωB A . coil is 1550 W.
(b) Angular speed ω = 2π f = 2π(3) = 18.8 s−1 (e) Current I p = P p /Vp = 1550/220 = 7.04 A

Amplitude E0 = N ωB A =
7. (a) (i) Downward
(100)(18.8)(10−3 )(9 × 10−4 ) = 1.70 mV
(ii) Upward
Since the induced emf is sinusoidal, the rms
p
output is 1.70 × 10−3 / 2 = 1.20 mV . (b) From Q to P through the load
(c) No
Exercise 24.4 (p. 323) Shortly after the switch is closed, the magnetic
ield produced becomes steady. So no current
1. (a) No is induced anymore.

(b) Yes 8. Yes

(c) No As the magnitude of the voltage keeps changing,
Note that current is stepped down in a step-up the magnetic ield produced is always changing. So
transformer. the secondary coil experiences a changing magnetic
ield all the time, and hence induces a current in it.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Exercise |9
NPQ 5
9. (a) Assume the resistance in the primary and (b) VPQ = N T U VT U = 1 × 25 = 125 V and
secondary coils is negligible, and there is no VRS = 3
1 × 25 = 75 V .
lux leakage.
Vs Ns Ns 16. (a) By VVps = NNps , the voltage across PQ and QR are
By Vp = Np , the voltage is Vs = N p Vp =
150 8 V and 6 V respectively.
3000 × 220 = 11 V .
So the ‘6 V, 50 W’ bulb should be connected
(b) Power of the light bulb = Vs2 /R = 112 /20 =
to QR , while the ‘14 V, 100 W’ bulb should be
6.05 V
connected to P R .
Assume the ef iciency of the transformer is
100%.
(b) The total power consumed by the bulbs is
50 + 100 = 150 W.
∴ Current drawn I p = P p /Vp = 6.05/220 =
27.5 mA
So, the power provided by the primary coil is
150
70% = 214 W.
10. (a) Yes, the pd would drop slightly.
∴ Current in the primary coil I p = P p /Vp =
(b) No 214/24 = 8.93 A
(c) Decreases
(d) 3 : 4 Exercise 24.5 (p. 330)
Ns Vs 120
11. (a) The turns ratio Np = Vp = 24 =5
∴ Np : Ns = 1:5
1. B As electricity is transmitted at high voltage, it

has to be stepped up before transmitting, and has to

(b) The maximum power that can be provided
be stepped down before delivering to the users. So
by the source without blowing the fuse is
a voltage that can be stepped up and down easily is
P = V I = (24)(10) = 240 W.
required.
The no. of bulbs that would consume 240 W is
240/50 = 4.8. 2. C The power loss is given by P = I 2 R , where I is
∴ Max. no. of bulb that can be connected is 4. the current through the transmission lines and R is
the resistance of the transmission lines.
output power
12. (a) Ef iciency η = × 100% =
input power For the equations P = V I = V 2 /R , the variable V should
80 be the pd drop in the transmission lines, but no the voltage of the
× 100% = 80%
(200)(0.5)
electricity.
(b) • Use thicker copper wires to make the coils.
• Use laminated iron core. 3. B The voltage generated by the generator is
(Accept other reasonable answers.) stepped up by a transformer to provide a high
voltage. So the pd across C D is the largest.
13. Core Z is more effective than cores X and Y .
The pd across AB is the pd of the generator, which is not
For cores X and Y , the induced currents can still
particularly large. The pd across C E is the pd drop in the
low within one layer at some positions. So the
transmission line, which should be kept small.
resistance of those paths remains low, and eddy
currents cannot be effectively reduced. 4. (a) Current I = P /V = 1200/132 = 9.09 A
For core Z , the induced currents always have to low ∴ Potential drop V = I R = (9.09)(550) = 5.00 kV

between different layers. So the resistance of their (b) Power loss P = I 2 R = (9.092 )(550) = 45.4 kW
paths are high, and the eddy currents are greatly Np
Is
reduced. 5. (a) As the transformers are ideal, we have Ip = Ns .
So the current in the transmission lines is
14. (a) Power P = V I = (12)(600 × 10−3 ) = 7.2 W Np 1
I s = Ns I p = 10 × 3 = 0.3 A .
output power
(b) Ef iciency η = × 100% = (b) Pd of the secondary coil of the step-up
input power
7.2
× 100% = 81.8%
transformer is Vs = NNps Vp = 10
1 × 12 = 120 V.
(220)(0.04)
Pd of the primary coil of the step-down
Vs Ns NPQ 25 5
15. (a) By Vp = N p
, we have NRS = 15 = 3 and transformer is Vs −I s R = 120−(0.3)(8+8) = 115 V.
Ns′ ′
NPQ
NT U
25
= 5 = 1.5 ∴ Pd across the load is Vs′ = V
Np′ p
1
= ( 10 )(115) =
∴ NPQ : NRS : NT U = 5:3:1 11.5 V .
10 | Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Chapter Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

(c) Power given out by the source is Vp I p = 6. B Initial magnetic ield B 0 = µ0 nI = (4π ×
−7
(12)(3) = 36 W. 10 )(1500)(1) = 1.88 mT
Power loss in the transmission lines is I s2 R = Initial magnetic lux Φ0 = B 0 A =
(0.32 )(8 + 8) = 1.44 W. (1.88 × 10−3 )(6.0 × 10−4 ) = 1.13 × 10−6 Wb
∴ Power consumed by the load is 36 − 1.44 = ∆Φ 1.13 × 10−6 − 0
∴ Induced emf E = N = 15 × =
34.6 W . ∆t 0.01
1.70 mV
6. The power loss in the transmission lines is given by
2 7. B The relation holds in situation (2). When the
∆P = I 2 R = ( VP )2 R = PV 2R . So the percentage loss is
∆P PR
secondary circuit is open, no current lows through,
P = V2 . and hence the potential drop in the secondary coil is
Therefore, we get zero.
∆P 1 /P V22 The relation fails in situations (1) and (3) as they
=
∆P 2 /P V12 are the essential conditions for the relation to hold.
∆P 1 /P 2
V22 = V 8. Statement (1) is correct as the voltage across
∆P 2 /P 1 B
0.5 bulb X remains unchanged.
= (22 × 103 )2
0.01
Statement (3) is correct. As the power consumption
∴ V2 = 156 kV
doubles, the power supplied by the source has to be
doubled. So the current drawn is doubled.

Chapter Exercise Statement (2) is incorrect as both the power input

and power output are doubled.

Multiple-choice Questions (p. 334) 9. D The initial magnetic lux through the frame is
Φ0 = B ⊥ A = B L 2 . When it rotates through 90°,
1. B Statements (1) and (2) are incorrect as no emf the magnetic lux becomes 0, so the change is B L 2 .
or current is induced in an electromagnet and in a When it rotates through further 90°, the magnetic
motor. lux becomes B L 2 again (but in opposite direction),
Statement (3) is correct as emf is induced in the so the change is 2B L 2 .
secondary coil of a transformer.
10. B To induce a current, a changing magnetic lux is

2. C As the resistance of the rheostat increases, the
current and hence the magnetic ield inside the
solenoid decreases. To oppose this change, the area
of the conducting loop will increase to enclose a
larger area of magnetic ield.
3. A When the loop moves from X to Y , the magnetic
ield enclosed changes from inwards to outwards.
To oppose this change, an inward magnetic ield
is required. So the induced current always lows
clockwise.
required. So current is induced only when the frame
is entering or leaving the ield, and thus the total
time period is 2L/v .
11. D As the circuit is incomplete, no current is
induced. By Fleming’s right-hand rule, positive
charges would low towards end P , so P is at a
higher potential.
Structured Questions (p. 336)

4. C Statement (2) is correct according to Lenz’s law. 12. (a) The induced current lows in anticlockwise
direction as seen by the observer. (1A)
Statement (1) is incorrect as the change in the
magnetic ield is increased. (b) The magnetic force points towards the centre
of the coil (to reduce its area). (1A)
Statement (3) is correct as the eddy currents in the
disk warm up the disk.

5. D In actions (2) and (3), the coil cuts through the

ield lines. But in action (1), the coil moves along the
ield lines.
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Chapter Exercise | 11

(c) (i) See the diagram below. (ii) See the diagram below.

Correct trace: 1A
Increasing curve: 1A
(iii) See the diagram below.
Correct shape: 1A
(ii) See the diagram below.

Correct trace: 1A
(c) The soft-iron core is used to strengthen the
Decreasing curve: 1A magnetic ield in the coil. (1A)

Correct shape: 1A (d) The electrical energy comes from the mechani-
cal work done by the bicycle rider. (1A)
13. (a) During an earthquake, the magnet suspended
is set into vibrations. (1A) 15. (a) Since the electromagnet moves with the
So the magnetic lux enclosed by the coil keeps railroad car, a changing magnetic ield is
changing. (1A) produced in the rails, so eddy currents are
Thus, current is induced in the coil and a signal induced. (1A)

is generated. (1A) By Lenz’s law, the induced currents would

(b) The signal is an ac. (1A)
oppose the motion of the car. (1A)

So the car is braked.

(c) Any of the followings: (2A)

(b) The faster the car, the larger the braking

• Use a stronger magnet.
force. (1A)
• Use a lighter magnet.
(c) • Increase the current through the coil. (1A)
• Increase the turns density of the coil.
• Increase the turns density of the coil. (1A)

(Accept other reasonable answers.)

(Accept other reasonable answers.)
14. (a) When the magnet rotates, the magnetic ield (d) Yes, the brake would perform normally. (1A)

through the coil changes. (1A)

A permanent magnet moving with the railroad
Emf is induced in a direction to oppose the car produces a changing magnetic ield in the
change producing it. (1A)
rails too. (1A)

During the period from the N-pole approaches

to it leaves the coil, the direction of the induced 16. (a) The case should be made of electrical
emf reverses. (1A)
insulators. (1A)

So an alternating emf is produced across the It is because eddy currents induced in the case
output terminals. would dissipate energy as heat and reduce the
ef iciency of the charger. (1A)
(b) (i) See the diagram below.
(b) When the separation increases, the magnetic
ield through the coil in the phone decreases
signi icantly. (1A)

So the change in the magnetic ield through the

coil decreases greatly, (1A)

and thus the induced emf used to charge the

Correct trace: 1A battery decreases signi icantly. (1A)
12 | Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Chapter Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

(c) As the magnetic ield produced by a steady dc (iii) When the magnetic lux is maximum, the
does not change with time, (1A) induced emf is zero. (1A)

no emf will be induced in the phone. (1A) When the magnetic lux is zero, the
So the charger will not work. (1A) induced emf is maximum. (1A)

The induced emf has the same frequency

17. (a) The power station outputs an ac voltage (1A)
as the magnetic lux. (1A)
as ac can be stepped up and down easily. (1A)
(iv) Average induced emf E = ∆(N Φ) 0.0438
∆t = 0.005 (1M)

(b) Transmitting the electricity at high voltage = 8.76 V (1A)

can reduce the power loss in the transmission
(v) The maximum emf doubles (1A)
lines. (1A)
as the rate of change of magnetic lux is
(c) (i) Consider the step-down transformer Y . doubled. (1A)

Vp I p × 95% = Vs I s (1M) 19. (a) Electromotive force is the electrical energy per
(220)(50) unit charge supplied to the circuit by a power
∴ Ip =
(50 × 103 )(0.95) source. (1A)

= 0.232 A (1M) (b) Magnetic lux is the normal component of the

magnetic ield times the area. (1A)

∴ Voltage drop = I p R = (0.232)(150) =

(c) (i) The primary coil produces a changing
34.8 V (1A)
magnetic lux. (1A)
(ii) Power dissipated = I p2 R = (0.2322 )(150) =
The soft-iron core links this magnetic lux
8.07 W (1M+1A)
to the secondary coil. (1A)

(d) From (c), the power dissipated in the trans- This changing magnetic lux in the
mission lines is small compared to the total secondary coil induces emf in it. (1A)

power. (1A)
(ii) Any of the following: (1A)

So the percentage of useful power output is • Increase the no. of turns of the
95% × 95% ≈ 90% (1A)
secondary coil.
Alternative Solution: • Reduce the no. of turns of the primary
The power output to household is V I = (220)(50) = coil.
11 kW. • Use a laminated soft-iron core.
× 103
The power input in transformer Y is 1195% =
11.6 kW while the power input in transformer X (d) (i) Ns = VVps Np = 230
12
× 4200 = 219 (1M+1A)

103 +8.07
is 11.6 ×95% = 12.2 kW. (1M) (ii) 1. Current I = V /R = (12 − 11.8)/0.35 (1M)

So the percentage of useful power output is = 0.571 A (1A)

11
12.2 × 100% ≈ 90% (1A) 2
2. Power P = V /R = (12 − 11.8) /0.35 2
(1M)

= 0.114 W (1A)

18. (a) Magnetic lux is the normal component of the

magnetic ield times the area. (1A)
20. (a) (i) As the electrons are moving perpendicular
to the magnetic ield, (1A)
(b) Magnetic lux linkage Φ = N B A (1M)
they experience a magnetic force pointing
= (500)(0.035)(2.5 × 10−3 ) = 0.0438 Wb (1A + 1A)
along the rod. (1A)

(c) (i) As the coil rotates in the ield, the This magnetic force pushes the electrons
perpendicular component of the magnetic to the end of the rod and induces an emf
ield varies. (1A)
across the rod. (1A)

The magnetic lux is maximum when the (ii) It means the magnitude of the magnetic
coil is perpendicular to the ield, and is ield times the rate of change of area swept
zero when it is parallel to the ield. (1A)
out by the rod. (1A)

(ii) The induced emf is directly proportional to

the rate of change of magnetic lux. (1A)
Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises
E
(b) (i) By E = LvB , magnetic ield B = Lv
15 × 10−3
(1.2)(6.2) = 2.02 mT .
(ii) Due to the induced emf, a current is
induced in the rod.
So a magnetic force pointing in a direction
opposite to the motion of the rod is
produced.
This agrees with Lenz’s law.
21. (a) As bathrooms are always humid,
conducting path between our body and the
source of electricity can be formed easily.
(b) (i) The person will get electric shock (1A)
since a large current will low through the
person’s body. (1A)
(ii) The person will not get electric shock
since the secondary circuit is
incomplete.
(c) The turns ratio of the primary coil to the
secondary coil is 2 : 1.
22. Set up the apparatus as shown:
Correct diagram: 1A
Move the wire across the magnetic ield between the
slab-shaped magnets. (1A)
Any of the followings:
• Relative motion: Move the wire vertically up
across the ield and then move it down. The
galvanometer would de lect to one side and
then to the opposite side.
• Polarities of magnet: Move the wire vertically
across the ield. Repeat by reversing the
polarities of the magnets. The galvanometer
would de lect to the opposite side.
• Direction of movement: Move the wire vertically
across the ield, the galvanometer would
de lect. Then move the wire horizontally in
the ield, no de lection is observed.
Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Chapter Exercise | 13
= • Orientation of wire: Place the wire perpendicu-
(1M+1A) lar to the magnetic ield and vertically move
the wire. The galvanometer would de lect.
(1A) Then place the wire parallel to the ield, no
de lection is observed.
• Rate of motion: Move the wire slowly across the
(1A) ield and then move it faster. The galvanometer
would de lect more when the wire moves
faster.
(1A)
• Number of turns: Wind the wire into 20 turns
(1A) and move it across the ield. The galvanometer
would de lect more when the wire is wound
into more turns.
23. (a) Connect the apparatus as shown below:
(1A)
(1A)
(1A)
Correct wire connections: 1A
Place the aluminium ring on the retort stand
through its rod. (1A)
Close the switch. The ring will jump up once
(1A)
because the coil produces a changing magnetic
ield in the ring. (1A)
By Lenz’s law, eddy currents are induced in
the ring to oppose the change in magnetic
ield. (1A)
(2A each)
OR: The eddy currents induced in the ring produce
a magnetic ield that repel the magnetic ield of the
coil. (1A)
When the current and hence the magnetic ield
becomes steady, no eddy currents are induced
in the ring, so it will fall back. (1A)
(b) (i) The ring would keep loating. (1A)
(ii) The ring would not jump up. (1A)
14 | Chapter 24 Electromagnetic Induction Chapter Exercise Active Physics Full Solutions to Textbook Exercises

24. (a) (i) From Faraday’s law E = ∆Φ ∆t , we have 2. (a) By Fleming’s left-hand rule, the magnetic force
∆Φ = E∆t . So by summing up the area on the positive charges at X points downwards
under the graph (i.e. E∆t ), we get the while that at Y points upwards. (1A)

initial total lux linkage Φ. (1A) So the induced current lows clockwise. (1A)

Area under the graph ≈ (16 squares) ×

(b) Yes, it agrees with Lenz’s law. (1A)
(0.2 V) × (10 ms) = 0.032 Wb (1A)
As the induced current lows clockwise, the
By Φ = N B A , the magnetic lux density
Φ 0.032 magnetic force acting on the ring points out of
B = = ( )2 =
NA (5000) × π 1.0 × 10−2 the paper. (1A)

0.020 T (1M+1A) This magnetic force opposes the falling motion

∆Q
(ii) (I) By I = we have ∆Q = I ∆t =
∆t ,
of the ring, (1A)

(E/R)∆t = (E∆t )/R . which agrees with Lenz’s law.

Summing up, we get Q = Φ/R . (1M)
(c) Let v be the speed of the ring.
∴ Q = Φ/R = 0.032/800 = 4.0 × 10−5 C (1A)
Induced emf E = LvB = (2πa)vB (1M)

(II) As Q = Φ/R and Φ does not depend on ∴ Induced current I = E/R = 2πavB /R (1M+1A)
the time spent, (1M)
(d) When the terminal speed v t is reached, the
Q would not be affected. (1A)
magnetic force acting on the ring balances out
(iii) (I) South pole (1A)
its weight.
(II) As the magnet falls under gravity, its
speed increases when it falls. (1A)
mg = LI B (1M)

Since the total lux change is the same,

= (2πa)(2πav t B /R)B (1M)
the magnet passes through the coil
mg R
faster means the rate of change of lux ∴ vt = (1A)
(2πaB )2
is larger, and thus the induced emf is
larger. (1A)
3. (a) Induced emf in the rod E = LvB = (0.3)(5)(1) =
(b) (i) As the current in coil X keeps changing, 1.5 V (1M)
eddy currents are induced in the metal
As the ring and the rod have resistance 40 Ω
sheet. (1A)
and 10 Ω respectively, the whole circuit can be
The eddy currents in the metal sheet
represented by the circuit diagram below.
produce an opposing ield to coil X , so the
current induced in coil Y decreases. (1A)

(ii) A high frequency ac is preferred (1A)

as the rate of change of lux and hence the

induced current in Y is larger. (1A)

Shoot-the-stars Questions (p. 341) E

∴ Current in the rod I = =
R
1.5
1. C Since Ns : Np = 1 : 2, we have Vp = 2Vs . = 0.075 A (1M+1A)
(1/20 + 1/20)−1 + 10
As the ef iciency of the transformer is 90%, we have (b) Pd due to the resistance of the rod Vd = I R =
Vp I p × 90% = Vs I s . (0.075)(10) = 0.75 V (1M)

Combining, we get I p = 0.556I s . ∴ Pd across M N , V = E − Vd = 1.5 − 0.75 =

Given that A and B are identical, their resistance are 0.75 V (1M+1A)

the same. (c) Total power dissipated P = E I = (1.5)(0.075) =

∴ Power of A = I p R = (0.556I s ) R = 0.309(I s R) =
2 2 2 0.113 W (1M+1A)

0.309P