Faraday’s Law ElectroMagnetic

Induction
LECTURE - 1
Jayant Nagda
Physics Educator
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B.Tech, IIT Bombay

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Electrical Energy is converted to Mechanical Energy
How Mechanical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy
How electricity is generated by a generator or turbine
Magnetic Flux фB
Magnetic Flux фB

Magnetic flux : Scalar

Magnetic Flux фB

Magnetic flux : Scalar

Unit : Tesla- meter2 (or) T-m2

(or) weber (Wb)

Units of Magnetic Flux фB

Unit : Tesla- meter2 (or) T-m2

SI Unit : weber (Wb)

1 Wb = 1 T-m2

CGS Unit : Maxwell

1 Mx = 10–8 Wb
Magnetic Flux фB

For Uniform Magnetic Field

Example Calculate flux of Magnetic Field through the Area

A. BA B. BA/2

C. - BA/2 D. Zero
Example Calculate flux of Magnetic Field through the Area

A. BA B. BA/2

C. - BA/2 D. Zero

60o
Example Calculate flux of Magnetic Field through the Area

A. BA B. BA/2

C. - BA/2 D. Zero
60o
Magnetic Flux фB

Case Ⅰ

Case ⅠⅠ
Magnetic Flux фB

Case ⅠⅠⅠ
Faraday’s Law
Faraday’s Law of ElectroMagnetic Induction

Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux passing

through an area bounded by closed conducting loop, an
emf is known as induced emf is produced in it
Induced emf exists for that duration in which flux change takes place
Induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of flux
Faraday’s Law of ElectroMagnetic Induction

The induced emf in a closed loop equals the negative of

the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the
loop.

εinduced emf
Emf produced only when фB varies. фB = BA cosፀ

One of these varies : B (Magnetic Field) Varies

N S
Emf produced only when фB varies. фB = BA cosፀ

One of these varies : A (Area) Varies

Emf produced only when фB varies. фB = BA cosፀ

One of these varies : A (Area) Varies

Emf produced only when фB varies. фB = BA cosፀ

One of these varies : Ө (angle) Varies

Side View Top View Front View

Emf produced only when фB varies. фB = BA cosፀ

2. A Varies
1. B Varies

3. Ө Varies
Induced Current Induced emf gives rise to induced current

R : Resistance of loop

R
Induced Current Induced emf gives rise to induced current

R : Resistance of loop

R
Direction of Induced Current

1. Take a direction of loop &

(generally along Bexisting)

2. Find and see how it changes

3. If induced current is opposite of the

assigned direction in step 1

4. If induced current is along of the

assigned direction in step 1
Example
Determine direction of induced emf/current

A. Clockwise B. Anticlockwise
Example
Determine direction of induced emf/current

A. Clockwise B. Anticlockwise
Example
Determine direction of induced emf/current as seen
by the eye

A. Clockwise B. Anticlockwise

N S
Example ф = (3t2 + 2t) Wb through a loop. Find induced emf at
t = 1s
A. 2V B. 4V C. 6V D. 8V
Example Given B = 10-2 T and r = 5 cm. If radius r is increasing at
a rate of 1 cm/s. Find induced emf

A. 𝜋 x 10-5 V B. 2𝜋 x 10-5 V C. 𝜋 x 10-3 V D. 3𝜋 x 10-5 V

Example B decreases from 1 T to 0.5 T in 2 sec. Find Average
emf produced in the loop
A. 1/2 V B. 2 V C. 3/2 V D. 3 V

3m

2m
Homework Questions
Example
The flux linked with a coil changes with time according to
the equation Φ = at2 + bt + c. then SI unit of a is -
(A) Volt
(B)Volt/sec
(C) Volt.sec
(D) Weber

Ans: [B]
Example
A solenoid of r = 1 cm, l = 50 cm, N = 300, carries a
current of 1A . Find magnetic flux through a circular
area of radius 0.5cm, whose centre lies on the axis of
solenoid.

Ans : 6𝜋2 x 10-9 Wb

Example 5.5 × 10–4 magnetic flux lines are passing through a coil
of resistance 10 ohm and number of turns 1000. If the
number of flux lines reduces to 5 × 10–5 in 0.1 sec. The
electromotive force and the current induced in the coil
will be respectively-

(A) 5 V, 0.5 A (B) 5 × 10–4 V, 5 × 10–4A

(C) 50 V, 5 A (D) none of the above

Ans: [A]
Example A copper disc of radius 0.1 m is rotated about its centre
with 20 revolution per second in a uniform magnetic field
of 0.1 T with its plane perpendicular to the field. The emf
induced across the radius of the disc is -

(A) volt (B) volt

(C) 20 millivolt (D) 100 millivolt

Ans: [C]
Example In the figure the magnet is moved along the axis of coil
from one position to another position in 10–3 sec. Now
magnet is at rest for 2 sec. in its new position. The
duration of induced emf in the coil is –
(A) 10–3 sec Coil
(B) 2 sec
(C) 2 × 10–3 sec Magnet
(D) 0.5 × 10–3 sec
N S

Ans: [A]
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