CH 4 Electromagnetism Textbook Suggested Answers

4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism
4 Electromagnetism
Practice 4.1 (p.166)
1 A
2 C
Iron is a magnetic material and aluminium is not.
3 B
4 D
5 C
The field lines are in the same direction and are uniformly spaced.
∴ (1) is correct.
P is a north pole and R is a south pole.
∴ (2) is incorrect.
The field lines between P and Q are more closely packed together.
∴ (3) is correct.
6 (a) S
(b) The reading drops.
Iron is a magnetic material. The iron bar and the magnet attract each other.
7
N S
8 (a) It points towards north.

(b) The bar magnet will rotate and its north pole will point downwards as shown.
9 (a)
N S N S
New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

 Oxford University Press 2015
(b)
N S S N
10 N
A
11

1 A
By right-hand grip rule, a magnetic field pointing downwards is produced in the electromagnet. It
repels the bar magnet and the reading of the scale increases.
2 A
3 D
The fields due to the two currents cancel out each other.
4 C
µ0 I µ0 × 2I 3µ 0 I
B = B P + BQ = + =
2πr 2πr 2πr
5 B
The directions of the fields due to the four wires are as shown below.
BP
BS
45°
BR
BQ
The vertical components cancel each other.

µ0 I
The horizontal components are all equal to cos 45°
2πr
µ0 I 2µ0 I
Resultant field = cos 45° × 4 =
2πr πr
6 C
2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

The two identical solenoids can be regarded as one when they are brought end-to-end. The combined
solenoid has the same number of turns per unit length and carries the same current as the separate
solenoids. By B = μ0nI, B remains unchanged.
7 (a) N S N S
(b) S NN S
8 (a) (top view)
(b) (top view)
µ0 I
9 BP =
2πr
4π × 10 −7 × 4
=
2π × 0.02
= 4 × 10–5 T (out of page)
µ I
BQ = 0
2πr
4π × 10 −7 × 4
=
2π × 0.03
= 2.67 × 10–5 T (into page)
10 (a)
X Y Z
(b) Magnitude of magnetic field at X

µ I µ I
= 0 1+ 0 2
2πr1 2πr2
4π × 10 −7 × 3 4π × 10 −7 × 3
= +
2π × 0.025 2π × 0.075
= 3.2 × 10–5 T

11 (a) P: to the left

Q: to the right
(b) The magnitude of the field increases.
12 In the region between X and Y, the magnetic field due to X and that due to Y both points into the page,
i.e. no neutral point in this region.
In region above X, the field due to X is always stronger than that due to Y, i.e. no neutral point in this
region.
∴ P must be below Y.
Let x be the distance between P and X.
µ0 I X µ0 I Y
=
2πrX 2πrY
5 2
=
x x − 0.3
x = 0.5 m ( = 50 cm )
13 (a) Magnitude of magnetic field
µ NI
= 0
l
4π × 10 −7 × 10 × 5
= = 4.19 × 10–3 T
0.015
(b) Since the number of turns per unit length increases, the magnitude of the field increases.
µ I
14 (a) By B = 0 ,
2πr
2πrB 2π × 0.02 × 5 × 10 −6
I= = = 0.5 A
µ0 4π × 10 −7
(b) If the current is doubled, the magnetic field is also doubled.
∴ Magnetic field = 5 × 2 = 10 μT
15 (a) Soft iron
(Or other reasonable answers)
(b) X: south
Y: north
(c) (i) The current in the circuit decreases and hence the strength of the electromagnet decreases.
(ii) The current in the circuit increases and hence the strength of the electromagnet increases.
(iii) The total resistance of the circuit decreases, so the current increases and hence the strength
of the electromagnet increases.

1 B
2 D

The direction of the magnetic field due to Y is the same as that of the current in X.
3 A
4 B
5 C
The forces acting on P by the other three wires are as shown below.
FS
FR
FQ
Consider the resultant magnetic force per unit length.

The vertical component is zero.
Let I be the current and d be the side length of the square. Taking the direction to the right as positive,
the horizontal component is
FR – FS cos 45° – FQ cos45°
µ0 I 2 µ I 2 1 µ0 I 2 1
= − 0 −
2π × 2 d 2πd 2 2πd 2
µ0 I 2
=−
2 2 πd
<0
6 A
τ = BIAN sin θ
For (2), A is doubled. For (1) and (3), there is no change in B, I, A or N.
7 (a) Zero
(b) F = BIl
= 1.2 × 4 × 0.2
= 0.96 N (into page)
(c) F = BIl
= 1.5 × 15 × 0.2
= 4.5 N (upwards)
(d) F = BIl
= 0.5 × 12 × 0.2
= 1.2 N (towards upper left and
perpendicular to the wire)
(e) F = BIl sin θ
= 2 × 5 × 0.2 × sin 30°
= 1 N (into page)
(f) F = BIl sin θ
= 1.1 × 6 × sin (90° − 40°)

= 5.06 N (into page)

8 (a) The magnetic force applied on the wire must be upwards to balance the weight of the rider. By
Fleming’s left-hand rule, the blue face is the south pole.
(b) Take moment about the support.
BIl × rm = mg × rr
mgrr
B=
Ilrm
0.002 × 9.81 × 0.01
=
5 × 0.06 × 0.2
= 3.27 × 10–3 T
The magnitude of the magnetic field is 3.27 × 10–3 T.
9 (a)
(b) Force acted on the wire

= BIl = 0.4 × 3 × 0.05 = 0.06 N
By Newton’s third law, a downward force of 0.06 N is applied on the magnet by the wire, which
0.06 N
would cause the balance reading to increase by = 6.12 × 10–3 kg = 6.12 g.
9.81 m s − 2
Mass of magnet = 120 – 6.12 = 114 g
(c) (i) The magnitude increases.
(ii) The direction reverses.
10 (a)
S N
(b) The moment of a couple is proportional to the perpendicular distance between the forces, which is
maximum when the forces are perpendicular to the plane of the coil and zero when the forces are
along the plane of the coil in this case.
(i)
S N

(ii)
S N
(c) Any one of the following:

Use stronger magnets.
Increase the current.
Increase the area of the coil within the magnetic field
Increase the number of turns of the coil.
Use curved magnets.
Use a soft-iron armature with several coils.
11 (a) The coil is short-circuited by the ring and hence no or only a small current pass through the coil.
(b) Replace the ring with a split-ring.
(c) The turning effect increases.
12 (a) The directions of the magnetic forces are shown below.
FP
FR
For each metre,

µ0 I P I Q
FP =
2π rP
4π × 10 −7 × 2 × 2
=
2π × 0.01
= 8 × 10–5 N
µ0 I R I Q
FR =
2πrR
4π × 10 −7 × 2 × 2
=
2π × 0.01
= 8 × 10–5 N
Resultant force
= FP2 + FR2
= 1.13 × 10–4 N (to the left)
µ0 I S I Q
(b) (i) FS =
2πrS

2 πrS FS
IS =
µ0 I Q
2 π × 1 × 1.13 × 10−4
=
4 π × 10− 7 × 2
= 283 A
(ii) S may be on the left of Q with the current flowing out of the page, or it may be on the right
of Q with the current flowing into the page.
13 (a) (i) The motor may be overheated.
(ii) The motor requires a large voltage to drive.
(iii) The motor is very large in size.
(b) A.c. power source can be used.

1 D
2 B
There is magnetic force as long as the moving direction of the charge and the field are not parallel.
Since the force is at right angle to the moving direction, no work is done and the particle does not
change its speed.
3 B
Whether a particle carries positive or negative charge, the direction of the electrostatic and magnetic
forces are opposite. The sign of the charges cannot be determined.
∴ (1) is not necessarily correct.
When a particle just enters the fields,
net force = QE – BQv = Q(E – Bv)
E E
From the given information, it can only be sure that v X = and vY ≠ . The magnitudes of the
B B
charges cannot be determined.
∴ (3) is correct and (2) is not necessarily correct.
4 (a) Magnitude of force
= Bqv
= 0.2 × 2 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 4 × 105
= 2.56 × 10–14 N

(b) Magnitude of force

= Bqv sin θ
= 0.2 × 1.60 × 10–19 × 4 × 105 × sin 30°
= 6.4 × 10–15 N
(c) The magnetic force is zero since the charge is not moving.
(d) The magnetic force is zero since the direction of motion is along the field.
5 (a) The magnetic force provides the centripetal force for circular motion.
mv 2
By Bqv = ,
r
mv
r=
Bq
9.11 × 10 −31 × 8.0 × 10 6
=
2 × 10 −3 × 1.60 × 10 −19
= 0.022775 m
≈ 0.0228 m
The radius of the path is 0.0228 m.
(b)
(c) Distance travelled = π × 0.022775

= 0.0715 m
Time of staying in the field
distance
=
speed

0.0715
=
8.0 × 10 6
= 8.94 × 10–9 s
6 (a) No, whether the particle carries positive or negative charge, the electrostatic and magnetic forces
it experiences are opposite. Both cases are possible.
(b) The magnetic force and the electrostatic force balance each other.
Bqv = qE
E
v=
B
V
=
Bd
3000
=
0.015 × 0.1
= 2 × 106 m s–1
The speed of the particle is 2 × 106 m s–1.
(c) Change the strength of the electric or magnetic field.

Revision exercise 4
Concept traps (p.218)
1 F
N
The magnetic field at the centre of a long solenoid depends on the number of turns per unit length .
l
2 T
3 F
v and B are not required to be perpendicular.
Multiple-choice questions (p.218)

4 D
5 B
As charge flows from one place to another, a current is formed and this creates a magnetic field.
∴ (1) and (2) are correct.
Light travels outwards from the lightning bolt in straight lines.
6 D
The electromagnet applies an attractive force on the bar magnet. To increase the scale reading, the force
should be reduced.
7 A
Copper is a non-magnetic material and does not affect the magnetic field strength.
By B = μ0nI, the field strength can be raised by increasing the number of turns per unit length.
∴ (2) is correct and (3) is incorrect.
8 D
In (1) and (2), the current through coil Y increases, while in (3) magnetic field strength through coil Y
increases.
9 D
10 A
The magnetic field applies a force on the electron perpendicular to its motion, so it accelerates but has
no change in kinetic energy.
∴ (1) is incorrect and (2) is correct.
Since the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the magnetic field, the component of the electron’s
velocity along the magnetic field will never change and thus its direction of motion will not become
perpendicular to the field.
11 D

The force between the wires is attractive.
12 B
If the charge is positive, both the electrostatic and magnetic forces are in the upward direction. If the
charge is negative, both forces are downwards.
∴ (2) is correct.
The magnitudes of the forces and the velocity cannot be deduced from the given information.
∴ (1) and (3) are not necessarily correct.
13 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q29)

Conventional questions (p.220)

17 (a)
(i) (Current out of the page) 1A

(ii) (Correct field lines) 1A
µ I
(b) Magnetic field = 0 1M
2πr
4π × 10 −7 × 2
=
2π × 0.05
= 8 × 10–6 T 1A
18 (a) P: No field 1A
Q: Into page 1A
R: No field 1A
S: Out of page 1A
µ I
(b) By B = 0 ,
2πr
Magnitude of B-field at Q
4π × 10 −7 × 0.5
= ×2 1M
2π × 0.04
= 5 × 10–6 T 1A
19 (a) (i) Electromagnet A and resistor R1 are connected to the battery in parallel.
1A
Therefore, the voltage across the electromagnet never changes and it keeps attracting the
door. 1A
(ii) R3 should be placed in series with the battery. 1A
When the springy metal contacts are closed, R1 is connected in parallel with the
electromagnet. Their equivalent resistance decreases and the electromagnet has a smaller
share of voltage. 1A
The current passing through the electromagnet decreases, and so the strength of the
electromagnet decreases. 1A
(b) Make the coils in A more closely spaced. 1A
µ NI N
By B = 0 , the magnetic field strength increases with . 1A
l l
Or Replace R2 with a resistor of lower resistance. 1A
This increases the current through A and increases the magnetic field. 1A
20 (a) Iron core 1A

0.4 m wire with diameter 2 mm 1A

9–V cell 1A
(b)
wire coil
core
(Wire wound on core and connected to battery correctly) 1A

(Correct labels) 1A
(c) Iron is the most readily magnetized material among the three choices. 1A
The 0.4 m wire with diameter 2 mm has the lowest resistance among the three, which results in
the largest current and hence the strongest magnetic field. 1A
(thickness of the wire does not affect the number of turns per unit length as the wire can be wound
in multiple layers)
A higher voltage results in a larger current and hence stronger magnetic field. 1A
21 (a) From Y to X 1A
(b) By F = BIl sinθ, 1M
F
I=
Bl sin θ
0.01
=
0.4 × 0.05 × sin 30°
=1A 1A
(c) The magnitude increases 1A
and the direction remains unchanged.
1A
22 (a) Magnetic force FB
= BQv 1M
–3 –19
= 1.8 × 10 × 1.60 × 10 × 1.22 × 107
= 3.51 × 10–15 N 1A
The direction is downwards. 1A
(b) Downwards 1A
(c) The electrostatic force must balance the magnetic force.
QE = FB 1M
F
E= B
Q
3.51 × 10 −15
=
1.60 × 10 −19
= 2.20 × 104 N C–1 1A
4 –1
The field strength is 2.20 × 10 N C .

(d) (i) The electron deflects due to the magnetic force. 1A

(ii) It performs uniform circular motion in the clockwise direction. 1A
The magnetic force provides the centripetal force. Therefore,
mv 2
BQv = 1M
r
mv
r=
BQ
9.11 × 10 −31 × 1.22 × 107
=
1.8 × 10 −3 ×1.60 × 10 −19
= 0.0386 m 1A
The radius of the path is 0.0386 m.
23 (a) The poles of the electromagnet which have the greatest attractive force are not facing the
materials to be sorted. 1A
The design can be improved by (anyone of the following): 1A
Turning the electromagnet by 90° so that one end of the coil faces the materials to be sorted.
Using a U-shape core in the electromagnet with both ends facing the materials to be sorted.
(b) Steel retains part of its magnetic property after the external magnetic field is removed. 1A
This can be solved by replacing the steel core by an iron core. 1A
(c) Increase the current. 1A
Increase the number of turns per unit length in the coil. 1A
24 (a) The rod rolls towards A. 1A
(b) (i) Magnetic force
= BIl 1M
= 0.04 × 5 × 0.035
= 0.007 N (towards A) 1A
(ii) Magnetic force
0.035
= BIl = 0.04 × 5 × 1M
sin30°
= 0.014 N
The direction is at 60° to AB. 1A
(c) For a higher resistance, the current will be smaller 1A
and hence the magnetic force will be smaller. 1A
25 (a) When a current flows through the coil, a magnetic field is set up. 1A
The coil becomes an electromagnet and the coil and the frame are attracted towards the soft-iron
block. 1A
The scale reading thus increases.
(b) Compress the coil so that the turns are closer to each other. 1A
Use a thicker wire to reduce the resistance of the coil. 1A


(c) Replace the soft-iron block by a permanent magnet. 1A
By doing so, the coil is attracted towards the magnet when current flow in one direction 1A
and is repelled by the magnet when current flow in the other direction. 1A
26 (a) The rider should be placed on XY. 1A
By Fleming’s left-hand rule, the wire XY experiences a magnetic force pointing upwards. 1A
(b) Magnetic force = weight of rider
= mg 1M
= 0.002 × 9.81
= 0.0196 N 1A
(c) By F = BIl, 1M
F 0.0196
d=l= = = 0.0327 m 1A
BI 0.05 × 12
(d) (i) The rider should be put on WZ 1A
because the direction of the magnetic force is reversed. 1A
(ii) The rider should be put between Y and the support. / A lighter rider should be used. 1A
Since the magnetic field is not perpendicular to the current, by F = BIl sin θ , the magnetic
force decreases. 1A
27 (a) Same as I1 1A
µ0 I
(b) (i) By B = , 1M
2πr
µ ∆I
∆B1 = 0 1 (r constant) 1M
2πr
µ 0 ∆I 1
r=
2π∆B1
4π × 10 −7 × 3.5
=
2π × 1.4 × 10 − 4
= 0.005 m 1A
(ii) Into page 1A
(c) At P, the magnetic field produced by I1 has the same magnitude as that produced by I2.
µ0 I1 µ0 I 2
= 1M
2πr1 2πr2
I1 r1 r 0.005 1
= = = =
I 2 r2 0.03 − r 0.03 − 0.005 5
1A
(d) I2 = 5I1 = 5 × 2 = 10 A 1M
Magnetic force per unit length
µII
= 0 1 2 1M
2πr

4π × 10 −7 × 2 × 10
=
2π × 0.03
= 1.33 × 10–4 N 1A
28 (a) It vibrates a few times 1A
and comes to rest lying along the vertical. 1A
(b) Use a split-ring. 1A
(c) (i) Force on one side of coil
= BIl 1M
= 0.02 × 3 × 0.06
= 3.6 × 10–3 N
The magnetic forces acting on the two side of the coil form a couple.
Moment of coil
= Fl 1M
–3
= 3.6 × 10 × 0.04
= 1.44 × 10–4 N m 1A
(ii) Since the coil is always parallel to the magnetic field, 1A
moment of coil
= 1.44 × 10–4 N m 1A
(d) Any two of the following: 1A + 1A
Use stronger magnets.
Increase the current.
Increase the area of the coil within the magnetic field.
Increase the number of turns of the coil.
Use a soft-iron armature with several coils.
29 (a) The magnetic forces act along the plane of the coil and have no turning effect.
1A
The coil should not be vertical before the switch is closed. 1A
(b) The commutator reverses the direction of the current through the coil every half turn 1A
so that the coil always turns in the same direction. 1A
(c) A practical motor use curved magnets so that the coils stay longer in parallel with the magnetic
field. 1A
(d) Replace the permanent magnets with electromagnets that are connected to the a.c. power supply.
1A
When the direction of the current through the coil reverses, the direction of the magnetic field also
reverses. 1A

As a result, the direction of the magnetic force will not reverse due to the alternating current.
1A
30 (a) No, 1A
the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particle. 1A
(b) No change 1A
(c) (i) Uniform circular motion 1A
(ii) The magnetic force provides the centripetal force.
mv 2
= BQv 1M
r
BQr
v=
m
2πr
T= 1M
v
2πm
=
BQ
2π × 6.64 × 10 −27
=
1.6 × 2 × 1.60 × 10 −19
= 8.15 × 10–8 s 1A
–8
The period is 8.15 × 10 s.
31 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 1 Q11)
32 (HKALE 2007 Paper 1 Q3)

33 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1B Q4)
Experiment questions (p.225)

34 Bring them close to each other pair-by-pair.
The two bars which are neither attracted nor repelled by any of the other are the copper bars. 1A
Two of them may attract each other, but repel each other if one of them is reversed. They are the bar
magnets. 1A
The remaining two bars are the iron bars. 1A
Physics in article (p.225)
36 (a) Opposite 1A
(b) No, 1A
the currents in the live and the neutral wires always flow in opposite directions. 1A
(c) If there is a leakage of current, the ground fault interrupter can cut off the power immediately
while an earth wire may not be able to do so. 1A

(d) No. 1A
As long as the current in the live and the neutral wires remains the same, the interrupter does not
response. Hence, it cannot detect a large current due to a short circuit. 1A


32 (HKALE 2007 Paper 1 Q3)



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4 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter 4 Electromagnetism

8 (a) It points towards north.

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

Practice 4.2 (p.183)

The vertical components cancel each other.

2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

8 (a) (top view)

(b) (top view)

(b) Magnitude of magnetic field at X

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 3

11 (a) P: to the left

Practice 4.3 (p.204)

4 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

Consider the resultant magnetic force per unit length.

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 5

= 5.06 N (into page)

(b) Force acted on the wire

6 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

(c) Any one of the following:

For each metre,

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 7

Practice 4.4 (p.214)

8 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

(b) Magnitude of force

(c) Distance travelled = π × 0.022775

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 9

10 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

Multiple-choice questions (p.218)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 11

The force between the wires is attractive.

14 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q26)

15 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q28)

12 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

16 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1A Q26)

Conventional questions (p.220)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 13

(i) (Current out of the page) 1A

14 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

0.4 m wire with diameter 2 mm 1A

(Wire wound on core and connected to battery correctly) 1A

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 15

(d) (i) The electron deflects due to the magnetic force. 1A

16 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

(Or other reasonable answers)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 17

18 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

32 (HKALE 2007 Paper 1 Q3)

Experiment questions (p.225)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 19

20 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

31 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 1 Q11)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 21

32 (HKALE 2007 Paper 1 Q3)

22 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 23

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