Short Circuit Analysis

(Comparing Hand Calculations with ETAP Results)

Power
Engineering & Consulting
epower.e4electrical@gmail.com
SC Calculation Detailed Procedure
❑ Prepare Single Line Diagram with equipment ratings, voltage level and
impedance
❑ Convert the impedance value on a common base
❑ Combine impedances
❑ Calculate short circuit current
Per Unit Method
❑ Two established consistent forms for expressing impedances which are ohms
and per unit
❑ Per unit form of impedances is more convenient than the ohmic form when the
system contains several voltage levels
❑ Impedances expressed as per unit on a defined base can be combined directly,
regardless of how many voltage levels exist from source to fault
❑ Four quantities: base apparent power in voltamperes (KVA/MVA), base voltage,
base current, and base impedance

❑ Usually a convenient value is selected for base apparent power in voltamperes,

and a base voltage at one level is selected to match the transformer rated
voltage at that level
❑ Base voltages at other levels are then established by transformer turns ratios
Per Unit Method
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
❑ Three Phase Short Circuit ❑ Phase To Phase Short Circuit
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
❑ Phase To Ground Short Circuit
SC Calculation Detailed Procedure
Grid Data
Grid Voltage = 33kV

Bus Data
Bus Voltage = 33kV

Transformer Data
Voltage Rating – 33/11 kV
MVA Rating – 15 MVA
% Impedance – 10%
X/R Ratio – 18.6

Load Data
Voltage Rating – 11 kV, MVA Rating – 8 MVA
Motor Load - 80%, Static Load – 20%
Power Factor – 80%