11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Physical Education
and Health
Quarter 4 – Module 4a: (Weeks 1 & 2)
Safety Practices and Sports Injury
Management

1
Physical Education and Health 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4a: Safety Practices and Sports Injury Management
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Edwin M. Bernadas, Jr.
Editor: Jonilo G. Jainar; Sheena Grace B. Alabata; Jaymar R. Kinkito;
Maria Teresa S. Bernal
Reviewer: Jaymar R. Kinkito
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Jenith C. Cabajon
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed. D. Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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 According to Luig and Henke (2012), injury prevention in sports has
a great benefit for individuals. Engaging in sports and physical activities
gives a better health to individuals and enhances sports performance while
enhancing sustainability of active lifestyles in populations and likewise
reducing the costs of the health care system and of employers.
This module focuses on the safety practices in sports and exercise
as well as sports injury management. Are you ready? Let’s get started!

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Observes personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion, hypo- and

hyperthermia during MVPA participation.

(PEH11FH-IIk-t-10).

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Identify the causes of sports injuries;

• Engages in moderate to vigorous physical activities; and,
• Applies correct techniques to minimize risk of injuries.

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 What I Know

PRE-TEST
Direction: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write your answers in
your activity notebook.

1. It is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon – a cord of tissue connecting

muscle to bone. It is an acute, non-contact injury that results from
overstretching or over-contraction.
A. Concussion B. Dislocation C. Fracture D. Strain

2. It is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins

the end of one bone with another.
A. Concussion B. Dislocation C. Fracture D. Sprain

3. When two bones that come together to form a joint become separated.
A. Concussion B. Dislocation C. Fracture D. Sprain

4. A break in the bone that can occur from after a quick, one-time injury to the
bone or from repeated stress to the bone over time.
A. Concussion B. Dislocation C. Fracture D. Sprain

5. It is a life-threatening injury because they disrupt the normal function of the

brain.
A. Concussion B. Dislocation C. Fracture D. Sprain

6. Which of the following is NOT classified as chronic injuries?

A. Bursitis B. Osteoarthritis C. Sprain D. Stress Fracture

7. Which of the following is classified as acute injuries?

A. Bursitis B. Osteoarthritis C. Sprain D. Strain

8. It refers to damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters

trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.
A. Acute Injuries C. Concussion
B. Chronic injuries D. Injuries

9. In the acronym PRICED, what does P stand for?

A. Perform B. Place C. Precise D. Protection

10. In the acronym HARM, what does H stand for?

A. Hands B. Heat C. Help D. Hot

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 What’s In

Task 1: Name Them!

Directions: Identify the type of injury shown in the pictures below. Choose the correct
answer among the choices inside the box.

Sprain Strain Fracture Dislocation Concussion

1.

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/17143.jpg ___________________________

2.

___________________________
https://services.epnet.com/getimage.aspx?imageiid=7321

3.

____________________________
https://www.ehsdb.com/resources/First_aid_images/Bone_Fra
cture/Fracture-8.jpe?timestamp=1465143351373

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4.

_____________________________
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/
64/3D_Medical_Animation_Depicting_Strain-
Tendon.jpg/308px-3D_Medical_Animation_Depicting_Strain-
Tendon.jpg

5.

_____________________________
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1
b/Sprained_foot.jpg/300px-Sprained_foot.jpg

What’s New

Task 2: HEALTH SERVICES SURVEY

Identify the health services provided in your school and community in case of
injury or emergency. Fill in the information being asked in the survey table.

Questions School Community

1. What are the health services
provided?
2. Who are the health services
providers? What are their
roles/responsibilities?
3. Do you think the health services
are enough in case of
injury/emergency? Why?

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 What is It

Readings:

What are injuries? Why is my risk at getting injured higher now that I am more
active?
As cited in www.coursehero.com, individuals who engage in various types of
physical activities like sports and exercise, have a higher risk of getting injured as
compared to those who practice a sedentary lifestyle. However, the potential benefits
of an active lifestyle outweigh the risks of suffering an injury.

Most of the injuries are preventable and awareness of the risk factors will help
in reducing the risk. Furthermore, vigilance and safety measures can dramatically
reduce the occurrence of injuries.

Moreover, injuries are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it

encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.
The tissues are able to withstand varying degrees of stress and strain, but it will break
down if it experiences an impact that is stronger than what it can tolerate.

Factors influencing the ability of our tissues or organs to effectively resist or

absorb forces include inherent abnormality, age, technique, fitness level, equipment,
and environmental aspects.

Tissues and organs react to the impact and direction of the force. Tensile forces
are those that act away from the center of the structure, causing a pull or stretch.
Compressive forces impact the center causing it to bend or fold. Shear forces are
opposing forces toward the different ends of the structure causing it to twist. The
mechanism of how the force was applied is just as important as its impact. The bone
is strong in resisting compressive strength while muscle-tendon units are strong at
resisting tensile forces. An individual who engages in various types of strenuous
activities will expose his/her body to these forces which could result to an injury.

Aside from the knowledge of the forces that cause injury, it is important to
understand the ability of the structures to resist or absorb forces. Injuries in sports and
fitness commonly affect the musculoskeletal structures. The ligaments, tendons,
muscles, and bones have inherent strength that helps withstand strong forces. The
strength properties of each musculoskeletal structure vary according to the density of
collagen and elastin fibers present. Its ability to withstand sudden or acute forces also
depends on the tissues (i.e., fat) that soften the impact on the structure. In general,
sports injuries can be classified into two: acute and chronic/overuse. Acute injures
have signs and symptoms (e.g., pain, swelling) that manifest immediately after force
application. On the other hand, the signs and symptoms of chronic or overuse injuries
occur after a long period of exposure to the force.
Sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, and wounds are examples of acute
injuries. An excessive stretching force can cause the fibers of the ligament, muscle, or
tendon to break. An overstretched ligament is called a sprain. A strain is also caused
by excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle-tendon unit. Fractures are

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breaks in the continuity of the bone. It usually occurs as a result of high impact forces
that cause the bone to bend or twist. Dislocations are bones that are pushed out from
their joint capsule.

COMMON SPORTS INJURIES

In www.polarisspine.com, participating in one or more sports is a vital part of a
healthy, active lifestyle which is good for the heart, good for the respiration, good for
building and maintaining muscular strength, etc. The risk of injury should obviously not
deter you from playing sports; but, by being aware of some of the most common sports
injuries, you can take steps to prevent them or at least reduce the risk of getting hurt.

The website determine the following most common acute injuries:

1. Strain
Strains are by far the most common of all
sports-related injuries simply because we
use so many muscles and tendons when we
exercise or play. These moving parts are all
susceptible to stretching farther than they
should, or moving in ways they shouldn’t
move, leaving them torn, damaged and in
pain. Common muscle strains include pulled https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/3
hamstrings, pulled groin muscles and D_Medical_Animation_Depicting_Strain-Tendon.jpg/308px-
3D_Medical_Animation_Depicting_Strain-Tendon.jpg
strained quads. Most strains are minor and
heal naturally with rest. The best way to reduce the risk of strained muscles and
tendons is to warm up and stretch before engaging in strenuous activity.

2. Sprain
Sprains are to ligaments what strains are
to muscles. Ligaments are the tissues that
connect bone to bone. When these ligaments
turn in a wrong way, they can pull or tear. Ankle
sprains are perhaps the most frequent type of
sprain among athletes, followed closely by knee
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/ sprains, wrist and elbow sprains, etc. Sprains
1b/Sprained_foot.jpg/300px-Sprained_foot.jpg
can be painful, take longer to heal than strains,
and sometimes require immobilization to protect against further injury. Pre-workout
stretches and warm-ups can help deter sprains, as well as practicing good technique
in the sport you’re playing. Sprains often leave the ligament weak and susceptible to
future sprains, so if you have a history of spraining a knee or ankle, for example, it
would be good idea to support that joint with a brace while playing.
3. Fracture
Impact and contact sports often lead to
fractures of the bone (mostly arms, legs and
feet), all of which can be painful, take weeks
of immobilization to heal and may sometimes
require surgery to correct. Fractures are an
inherent risk with most strenuous and/or
contact sports, but you can reduce the risk https://www.ehsdb.com/resources/First_aid_images/Bon
by wearing the appropriate padding, e_Fracture/Fracture-8.jpe?timestamp=1465143351373

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warming up, working out to keep muscles strong and flexible, practicing good
technique, etc. Also, don’t “play through the pain,” as sometimes the pain is a sign of
a strain or sprain that left untreated can make the bone vulnerable to fracture.
4. Dislocation
In www.mayoclinic.org defines, “dislocation is an injury in which the ends of
your bones are forced from their normal
positions. The cause is usually trauma
resulting from a fall, an auto accident, or a
collision during contact or high-speed sports.
Dislocation usually involves the body's larger
joints. In adults, the most common site of the
injury is the shoulder. In children, it's the
elbow. Your thumb and fingers also are
vulnerable if forcibly bent the wrong way.
The injury will temporarily deform and
https://services.epnet.com/getimage.aspx?imageiid=7321 immobilize your joint and may result in sudden
and severe pain and swelling. A dislocation requires prompt medical attention to return
your bones to their proper positions”.
5. Concussion
In www.polarisspine.com defines,
concussion occurs when a sudden impact to
the head causes the brain to lurch inside the
skull, sometimes damaging the tissues
holding it in place. Concussions may be mild
to severe, with symptoms ranging from
headache and dizziness to sleepiness and
temporary loss of consciousness. Always
seek a medical evaluation from a spine-and- https://medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/17143.jpg
brain specialist with any blow to the head, as
sometimes more serious symptoms may occur after the fact. Never continue to play
sports if symptoms of a concussion exist. Concussions usually heal naturally with rest
within a week to several weeks. The best way to reduce the risk of concussion is to
wear appropriate protective headgear when playing contact sports like hockey or
football, or when biking or skateboarding, etc.

What are the most common chronic injuries?

Hong (2017) defines, “exercising and sports are good for you, but they
sometimes lead to injury. Some sports injuries result from accidents while others are
due to poor training practices, improper equipment or lacking of conditioning”.

He added that chronic injury as the result of prolonged, repetitive motion that is
particularly common in endurance sports such as swimming, running and cycling. As
such, chronic injuries are often referred to as overuse injuries resulting from overusing
one body area while playing a sport or exercising over a long period.

1. Stress Fracture
According to Dr. Hilal Ahmad Rather (2018), a stress fracture is a fatigue-
induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time. Instead of resulting from
a single severe impact, stress fractures are the result of accumulated injury from

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repeated submaximal loading, such as running or jumping.
Because of this mechanism, stress fractures are common
overuse injuries in athletes.
This type of fracture does not require
immobilization, but the individual has to stop exercise for
around four weeks to give it time to heal.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/-/media/kcms/gbs/patient-
consumer/images/2013/08/26/10/56/ds00556_im03002_fs
m7_stressfractthu_jpg.jpg

2. Tendinopathy/Tendinitis
As cited in www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au,
“tendinopathy, also known
as tendinitis or tendonitis, is a type
of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and
impaired function. The pain is typically worse with
movement. It most commonly occurs around the
commonly affects the shoulder, wrist, knee, shin
and heel”.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/8/80/Tendonitis_Tendon_rupture_--_Smart-
Servier_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-
Tendonitis_Tendon_rupture_--_Smart-
Servier_%28cropped%29.jpg
3. Osteoarthritis
In www.hopkinsmedicine.org,
“osteoarthritis is the most common form of
arthritis. It is a chronic degenerative joint
disease that affects mostly middle-aged
and older adults. Osteoarthritis causes the
breakdown of joint cartilage. It can occur in
any joint, but it most often affects the hands,
knees, hips, or spine”.

https://www.versusarthritis.org/media/22625/oa-affected-
joint-500x381.jpg?width=500&height=381

4. Bursitis
Tyler Wheeler (2019) defines, bursitis as an
inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. You
have these sacs all over your body. They’re
filled with fluid that helps ease rubbing and
friction between tissues like bone, muscle,
tendons, and skin. Bursitis is common
around major joints like your shoulder,
elbow, hip, or knee.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Br
sitis_Elbow_WC.JPG

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 HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES
In www.hopkinsmedicine.org, “exposure to abnormal or prolonged amounts of
heat and humidity without relief or adequate fluid intake can cause various types of
heat-related illness. Children and teens adjust more slowly than adults do to changes
in environmental heat. They also produce more heat with activity than adults and
sweat less. Sweating is one of the body's normal cooling mechanisms. Children and
teens often do not think to rest when having fun and may not drink enough fluids when
playing, exercising, or participating in sports”.

The website introduces 3 types of heat-related illnesses:

1. Heat cramps- are the mildest form of heat illness and consist of painful muscle
cramps and spasms that occur during or after intense exercise and sweating in
high heat.
2. Heat exhaustion- is more severe than heat cramps and results from a loss of
water and salt in the body. It occurs in conditions of extreme heat and excessive
sweating without adequate fluid and salt replacement. Heat exhaustion occurs
when the body is unable to cool itself properly and, if left untreated, can
progress to heat stroke.
3. Heat stroke- the most severe form of heat illness, occurs when the body's heat-
regulating system is overwhelmed by excessive heat. It is a life-threatening
emergency and requires immediate medical attention.

SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT

According to Elizabeth Quinn (2019), “whether you play sports for competition
or fitness, you don't want to be sidelined with an injury. Time away from the game or
in forced inactivity is something we all want to avoid. While it is impossible to prevent
every injury, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons says research suggests
that injury rates could be reduced by 25% if athletes took appropriate preventative
action”.
Quinn suggested to use these general rules for injury prevention no matter what
sport you play.
1. Be in Proper Physical Condition to Play a Sport
Keep in mind the weekend warrior has a high rate of injury. If you play any
sports, you should adequately train for that sport. It is a mistake to expect the sport
itself to get you into shape. Many injuries can be prevented by following a regular
conditioning program of exercises designed specifically for your sport.

2. Know and Abide by the Rules of the Sport

The rules are designed, in part, to keep things safe. This is extremely important
for anyone who participates in a contact sport. You need to learn them and to play by
the rules of conduct. Respect the rules on illegal procedures and insist on enforcement
by referees, umpires, and judges.
3. Wear Appropriate Protective Gear and Equipment

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 Protective pads, mouth guards, helmets, gloves, and other equipment are not
for those you consider weak; they are for everyone. Protective equipment that fits you
well can save your knees, hands, teeth, eyes, and head. Never play without your safety
gear.
4. Rest
Athletes with a high number of consecutive days of training, have more injuries.
While many athletes think the more they train, the better they'll play, this is a
misconception. Rest is a critical component of proper training. Rest can make you
stronger and prevent injuries of overuse, fatigue and poor judgment.
5. Always Warm-Up Before Playing
Warm muscles are less susceptible to injuries. The proper warm-up is essential for
injury prevention. Make sure your warm-up suits your sport. You may simply start your
sport slowly, or practice specific stretching or mental rehearsal depending upon your
activity.
6. Avoid Playing When Very Tired or in Pain
This is a set-up for a careless injury. Pain indicates a problem. You need to pay
attention to warning signs your body provides.

What’s More

SPORTS INJURY MANAGEMENT

In www.podiatrymed.co.nz/ defines, “Sports Injury Management is the

management of a specific injury to allow an individual to return or continue their chosen
sport without damaging or compromising their body. Managing a sports injury correctly
is important and can help to minimize damage to a muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint,
hence, increasing the chance of a full recovery”.

First Aid Techniques to Injuries

In https://pivotalmotion.physio/, explains that, “the first 24-48 hours after
sustaining a soft tissue injury is crucial in ensuring the best outcome for healing. As a
general rule, management for most acute soft tissue injuries is as simple as
remembering two simple acronyms – RICER and HARM” .

The website suggest to follow the RICER procedure:

Initially, the objective for healing any soft tissue injury is

to minimize swelling and bleeding. Reducing
REST movement, and in some cases immobilizing the injured
area, is one of the simplest methods to reduce further
injury and promote healing

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 Cooling the injured area serves to slow down tissue
metabolism. It may cause contraction of blood vessels
which will slow down blood flow and assist with
ICE reducing swelling. Ice can also provide a temporary
numbing effect to assist with short term pain relief as
well. Ensure that intense cooling is not applied directly
to the skin to minimize the potential for skin burns.
Compressing an injured area can have a direct effect
on swelling. Applying a bandage to the area can help to
limit the amount of bleeding that occurs in an isolated
COMPRESSION
area. Caution needs to be taken to ensure that any
compressive bandage is firm, however does not reduce
the normal circulation to the area
Elevating the injured area will also serve to reduce the
collection of fluid to the area by limiting the effect of
ELEVATION gravity. For foot or leg injuries, lying with the injured
area elevated above the level of the pelvis with the use
of pillows is an easy start.
While RICER helps promote healing in the early stages
REFER of injury to get the right diagnosis you need to see an
appropriate health professional

In the first few days of an injury, remember to avoid HARM:

Heat will cause blood vessels to dilate which in turn will
HEAT increase the flow of blood to the area. Avoid hot baths,
showers, saunas, heat packs, and heat rubs.
Alcohol can increase swelling, resulting to longer
recovery. Similar to heat, alcohol has an effect of
dilating blood vessels, which in turn will increase the
ALCOHOL flow of blood to the area. Alcohol can also mask pain
and the severity of the injury, which may put you at
greater risk for re-injury. Avoid drinking alcohol in the
initial stages of healing any injury.
RUNNING OR OTHER An increase in heart rate increases the flow of blood
EXCESSIVE around the body. This will cause blood to accumulate in
EXERCISE the area faster. Take the opportunity to rest.
Massaging the area, once again, will stimulate the flow
MASSAGE of blood to the area. Avoid massage in the initial stages
of injury.

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 What I Have Learned

For the last time, share your final insights by completing the following sentence
prompts.
1. I will protect myself…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. I will follow…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. I will make sure before engaging in any physical activity/sports…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. I will be aware…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. I will prevent myself from sports injuries by…
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Task 3: Let’s Make a Table Flipchart

Make a flipchart on Safety Practices and Sports Injury Management. Ask your
teacher to check your draft. Print the chart and place in a folder. Include pictures to
make your flipchart more attractive. Your flipchart will be graded according to the
following rubric.

RUBRIC ON TABLE FLIPCHART MAKING

Criteria Advance ProficientApproachin Developing Beginnin

(5 pts.) (4 pts.) g (2 pts.) g
Proficiency (1 pt.)
(3 pts.)
Accuracy of All Almost all Much of the Not much of Informatio
Content information information information the n is not
information

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 is true and is true and is true and is true and true and
correct. correct. correct. correct. correct.
Visual Format Format Format and Format and Format
attractivene and lay-out and lay-out lay-out are lay-out and lay-
ss are very are organized. lacks out are
attractive. attractive. organizatio disorganiz
n. ed.
Graphics Graphics Graphics Graphics Graphics No
and picture and and and pictures and graphics
pictures go pictures are good but pictures do and
well with are good are too few not go well pictures
the content but are too that texts with the text are used
and many that dominate making the in the
information they the material. material making of
. dominate disorganize the
the d. material.
material.
Grammar No 1-3 4-6 7-9 10 or more
and spelling grammatic grammatic grammatical grammatical grammatic
al errors al errors errors and errors and al errors
and /or and /or /or /or and /or
misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled misspelled
words. words. words. words. words.
Total Score: / 20

Assessment
TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Write your answers in
your activity notebook.
__________________1. Inflammation is the first step of the healing process, which
increases blood flow to the injured area.
__________________2. Exercising can cause further damage to the injured part.
__________________3. Massage increases swelling and bleeding into the tissue,
prolonging recovery time.
__________________4. Injury evaluation is NOT the same as diagnosis.
__________________5. Proper warm-up is essential for injury prevention.
__________________6. Concussion is a life-threatening injury because it disrupts the
normal function of the brain.

MULTILPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write your answers in
your activity notebook.
7. Which of the following is classified as acute injuries?
A. Bursitis B. Osteoarthritis C. Stress Fracture D. Strain

15
8. These are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or
physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.
A. Acute Injuries B. Chronic injuries C. Concussion D. Injuries
9. In the acronym PRICED, what does P stands for?
A. Perform B. Place C. Precise D. Protection
10. In the acronym HARM, what does H stands for?
A. Hands B. Heat C. Help D. Hot

Task 4: What’s Going On?

Directions: Read and analyze carefully the situations below. Then, answer the
questions that follow.

While watching a basketball game, you see your friend go for a lay-up. Another
player tried to block his shot and bumped your friend in mid-air.
Your friend lost his balance and fell on his back and his head hits the floor. It
took several minutes before your friend was able to get up. You saw him limp
as he walks toward the bench.

1. Write two injuries that your friend could have suffered from the fall.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Are these injuries acute or chronic? Why or why not?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Should your friend be examined by a doctor? Why or why not?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key
10.B 5. A Answer may vary.

9. D 4. C Reflect

8. D 3. B Answer may vary.

7. D 2. D TASK 3

6. C 1. D Answer may vary.

PRE-TEST TASK 2

5. Sprain
10. B 5. T
4. Strain
9. D 4. T
3. Fracture
8. D 3. T
2. Dislocation
7. D 2. T
1. Concussion
6. T 1. T
TASK 1
POST TEST

References
Department of Education (2015). Physical Education & Health Learner’s Material 10. Pasig City:
Department of Education.

Luig, P., & Henke, T. (2012, February). Safety in Sports - General Guidelines for the Development and
Implementation of Sustainable Safety Management Schemes in High Risk Sports in the EU
Countries. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262891278_Safety_in_Sports_-
_General_Guidelines_for_the_Development_and_Implementation_of_Sustainable_Safety_Man
agement_Schemes_in_High_Risk_Sports_in_the_EU_Countries

8 Most Common Sports Injuries. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2021, from
https://www.polarisspine.com/blog/8-most-common-sports-injuries

Staff, F., & Jswords. (2020, May 26). Common Sports Injuries - Acute and Chronic. Retrieved January
15, 2021, from https://familydoctor.org/common-sports-injuries/

Sports Injuries - Chronic injuries are caused by overusing the same muscle groups or joints. (2020,
August 19). Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.backtohealthphysio.com.au/sports-injuries/

Dislocation: First aid. (2020, June 03). Retrieved January 15, 2021, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693

17
Stress fracture. (2021, January 10). Retrieved January 15, 2021, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_fracture

Quinn, E. (n.d.). 6 Top Tips for Staying Safe When Playing Sports. Retrieved January 16, 2021, from
https://www.verywellfit.com/how-to-prevent-sports-injuries-3119270

Sports Injury Prevention Tips. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2021, from
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/sports-
injuries/Pages/Sports-Injuries-Treatment.aspx

Lindsey Barton Straus, J. (n.d.). P.R.I.C.E. Is Right First Aid For Muscle and Joint Sports Injuries.
Retrieved January 16, 2021, from https://www.momsteam.com/health-safety/general-safety/first-
aid/P.R.I.C.E.-protection-rest-ice-compression-and-elevation-rice-first-aid-sports-
injury#:~:text=The%20five%2Dstep%20process%20for,%2C%20Compression%2C%20and%2
0Elevation).

https://www.polarisspine.com/blog/8-most-common-sports-
injuries#:~:text=Strains,torn%2C%20damaged%20and%20in%20pain. Accessed April 15, 2021

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Wheeler, Tyler. 2019. Bursitis. WebMD. Accessed April 27, 2021. https://www.webmd.com/pain-
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nd%20recovery. Accessed April 27, 2021

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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