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Fl20 Algebra2 Ipe Reference
Fl20 Algebra2 Ipe Reference
Properties
Properties of Exponents
Let a and b be real numbers and let m and n be rational numbers.
Properties of Radicals
Let a and b be real numbers and let n be an integer greater than 1.
Reference
√ab = √ a √b √a
√
n a
—=— n—
, where b ≠ 0
b √ b
Square Root of a Negative Number
— —
1. If r is a positive real number, then √ −r = i√r .
—
2. By the first property, it follows that ( i√ r )2 = −r.
Properties of Logarithms
Let b, m, and n be positive real numbers with b ≠ 1.
Product Property Quotient Property Power Property
logb mn = logb m + logb n m logb mn = n logb m
logb — = logb m − logb n
n
Other Properties
Zero-Product Property
If A and B are expressions and AB = 0, then A = 0 or B = 0.
Reference A91
Theorems
The Remainder Theorem
If a polynomial f (x) is divided by x − k, then the remainder is r = f (k).
A92 Reference
Reference
n n
n(n + 1)
∑1=n
i=1
∑ i=—
2
i=1
Sum of squares of first n positive integers Explicit rule for an arithmetic sequence
n
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) an = a1 + (n − 1)d
∑
i=1
i2 = ——
6
Sum of first n terms of an arithmetic series Explicit rule for a geometric sequence
a1 + an an = a1rn − 1
Sn = n — (2 )
Sum of first n terms of a geometric series Sum of an infinite geometric series
1−
Sn = a1 —
1−r ( rn
)
, where r ≠ 1 S=—
a1
1−r
provided ∣ r ∣ < 1
Recursive equation for an arithmetic sequence Recursive equation for a geometric sequence
an = an − 1 + d ⋅
an = r an − 1
Statistics
Sample mean Standard deviation
√
————
∑x
—x = — (x1 − μ)2 + (x2 − μ)2 + . . . + (xn − μ)2
n σ = ————
n
Reference A93
A94 Reference
a h c
s w
b
s
P = 4s P = 2ℓ + 2w P=a+b+c
A = s2 A = ℓw A = —12 bh
b1
C = πd or C = 2πr A = bh A = —12 h( b1 + b2 )
A = π r2
Reference
d1 d1
a
s
d2 d2
A = —12 d1d2 ⋅
A = —12 aP or A = —12 a ns
h h
h
B B P
P
L = Ph L = 2π rh L = —12 Pℓ
S = 2B + Ph S = 2πr2 + 2πrh S = B + —12Pℓ
V = Bh V = πr2h
V = —13 Bh
Cone Sphere
L = πrℓ S = 4πr2
S = πr2 + πrℓ V = —43 πr3
r
h V = —13 πr2h
Reference A95
Compound Interest
c r nt
a
(
A=P 1+—
n )
b
Continuously Compounded Interest
A = Pert
Conversions
U.S. Customary U.S. Customary to Metric Time
1 foot = 12 inches 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 minute = 60 seconds
1 yard = 3 feet 1 foot ≈ 0.3 meter 1 hour = 60 minutes
1 mile = 5280 feet 1 mile ≈ 1.61 kilometers 1 hour = 3600 seconds
1 mile = 1760 yards 1 quart ≈ 0.95 liter 1 year = 52 weeks
1 acre = 43,560 square feet 1 gallon ≈ 3.79 liters
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces 1 cup ≈ 237 milliliters Temperature
1 pint = 2 cups 1 pound ≈ 0.45 kilogram C = —59 (F − 32)
1 quart = 2 pints 1 ounce ≈ 28.3 grams
F = —95 C + 32
1 gallon = 4 quarts 1 gallon ≈ 3785 cubic centimeters
1 gallon = 231 cubic inches
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 ton = 2000 pounds
A96 Reference