Sinusoidal steady-state response

2.1 Sinusoids
2.2 Phasors and Phasor Diagrams
2.3 Phasors Relationships for Circuit Elements
2.4 Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's Laws in Frequency domain
2.5 Power Analysis
2.6 Maximum Average Power Transfer
 2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ The transfer function H(j) of a circuit is the frequency-dependent ratio of
a phasor output Y(j) (an element voltage or current) to a phasor input
X(j) (source voltage or current).

Uo
■ Example 2.7.1: For the circuit in figure 2.7.1, find H( j )  
E

e(t) +
u0(t)
-

Fig 2.7.1: Example 2.7.1

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

 2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Passive Lowpass filter:

e(t) +
u0(t)
-

Fig 2.7.2: Lowpass filter Fig 2.7.3: Amplitude and phase response
 1

 H
Uo 1  1  ( / 0 ) 2 1
H ( j )     H ;  where 0  : cutof frequency
E 1  jRC     tan 1  RC
 0
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
 2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Passive Highpass filter:

e(t) +
u0(t)
-

Fig 2.7.4: Highpass filter Fig 2.7.5: Amplitude and phase response
 1

 H
Uo j L  1  ( /  ) 2 R
H ( j )     H ;  0 where 0  : cutof frequency
E R  j L    tan 1 0 L
 
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which the capacitive and
inductive reactances are equal in magnitude, thereby resulting in a purely
resistive impedance.
■ There are two common types of resonant circuits: series resonant circuit
and parallel resonant circuit.

Fig 2.7.6: Series and parallel resonant circuits

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Series Resonance:

U  1 
H( j )  Z    R  j L  
I  C 
■ Resonance results when Im{H} = 0:
Fig 2.7.7: Series resonant circuit
1 1
L   0    0  : resonant frequency
C LC
■ Note that at resonance:
• u(t) and i(t) are in phase.
• The magnitude of H(j  ) or Z is minimum, the magnitude of i(t) is
maximum.
• The inductor voltage and capacitor voltage can be much more than the
source voltage.
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Cutoff (or half-power) frequencies:
U/R
are the frequencies at which:
0.707U/R
Imax I( at resonance)
I 
2 2
2
 1 
 R   L 
2
 R 2
 C 
 R R 1
2
1    Fig 2.7.8: Cutoff frequencies
  
 2L  2L  LC and Bandwidth of series
 2
resonant circuit
 R R 1
2  2L    
 2L  LC

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Bandwidth:
BW  2  1
■ Quality factor:
Peak energy stored in the circuit
Q  2
Energy dissipated by the circuit in one period at resonance
■ In series RLC circuit:
f0L 0L 1 0
Q  2   
R R 0RC BW

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Parallel Resonance:

I 1  1 
H( j )  Y     j C  
U R  L 
■ Resonance results when Im{H} = 0:
Fig 2.7.9: Parallel resonant circuit
1 1
C   0    0  : resonant frequency
L LC
■ Note that at resonance:
• i(t) and u(t) are in phase.
• The magnitude of H(j  ) or Y is minimum, the magnitude of u(t) is
maximum.
• The inductor current and capacitor current can be much more than the
source voltage.
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
U
■ Cutoff (or half-power) frequencies:
are the frequencies at which:
Umax U( at resonance)
U 
2 2
2 2
1  1  1
     C    2
R  L  R
 1  1  1
2
1    Fig 2.7.10: Cutoff frequencies
  
 2RC  2RC  LC and Bandwidth of parallel
 2 resonant circuit
 1  1  1
2  2RC    
 2RC  LC

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
2.7 Transfer Function and Resonant Circuits
■ Bandwidth:
BW  2  1
■ Quality factor:
Peak energy stored in the circuit
Q  2
Energy dissipated by the circuit in one period at resonance
■ In parallel RLC circuit:
R 0
Q  2f0RC  0RC  
0L BW

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

This is the end of Chapter 2

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT