Methods of analysis

3.1 Tableau analysis

3.2 Nodal analysis
3.3 Mesh analysis
3.4 Superposition theorem
3.5 Thevenin and Norton equivalents
3.6 Mutual inductance
3.7 Transformer
 3.8 Three-phase Circuits

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

3.8 Three-phase Circuits
 Three-phase voltage are often produced with a three-phase AC generator.
 The output voltages are equal in magnitude and are out of phase with each
other by 120o.

uan(t) ubn(t) ucn(t)

Fig 3.8.1: A three-phase generator and its output voltages

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
 
U cn
3.8 Three-phase Circuits
U  U 0o
  an p 
U an
 Possitive sequence: 
U bn  U p   120o


  o 
 U cn U p 120 U bn


U bn
U  U 0o
  an p
 Negative sequence: 
U bn  U p  120o


U cn  U p   120o 
U an


Fig 3.8.2: Phase sequences: (a) positive U cn
sequence; (b) negative sequence
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
3.8 Three-phase Circuits

U an
 
U cn U bn

 
U ca U ab


U bc

Fig 3.8.4: (a) Y-connected load;

Fig 3.8.3: (a) Y-connected source; (b) -connected load
(b) -connected source Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
3.8 Three-phase Circuits
Y-connected source:
 Phase voltages (or line-to-neutral voltages - assuming the positive sequence):
U  U 0o
  an p

U bn  U p   120o


 U cn  U p 120 o


 Line voltages (or line-to-line voltages):
U  3U 30o
  ab p

U bc  3Up   90
o


U ca  3U p  150 o


Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
3.8 Three-phase Circuits
Y-connected source:  
 Phase current = line current

U cn U ab
U ca



U an U an
 

U cn U bn U bn


U bc
Fig 3.8.5: Phasor diagrams illustrating the relationship between line
voltages and phase voltages of Y-connected source
Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
3.8 Three-phase Circuits
-connected source:
 Phase voltages = line voltage

 For balanced -connected load: Ia

  
I line  3 I phase I ab
 
U ca U ab 


Ib I ca



Ic 
U bc I bc

Fig 3.8.6: -connecd source and balanced -connected load

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

 3.8 Three-phase Circuits

Ia  There are two common connections that
are mainly considered in this course:
 
U an In Ø Y-Y balanced connection
Ø Y- balanced connection
 
U cn U bn

Ib  In Y-Y balanced systems: In = 0, that is:

Ic • There is no need to connect n and N.
• UnN= 0.  
 U an U AN
Fig 3.8.7: Y-connecd source and • Current: I a   , and so on.
Z Z
balanced Y-connected load

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

 3.8 Three-phase Circuits
  In Y- balanced systems: -Y
Ia transformation can be used in
 order to transform the systems
U an to Y-Y balanced systems.

I ab
 
U cn U bn 

I ca
Ib
 
Ic I bc
Fig 3.8.8: Y-connecd source and
balanced -connected load

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

3.8 Three-phase Circuits
Example 3.8.1: In the system in Fig 3.6.9, find the line currents and the average
power suplied by the source.

Fig 3.8.9: For example 3.8.1

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

Power in balanced system
Wattmeter:

1
P  ULmILm cos(uL  IL )
2

Fig 3.8.10: Wattmeter

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

Power in balanced system
Power measurement:
P  PA  PB  PC

Fig 3.8.11: Power measurement in three phase system: 3-

wattmeter method and 2-wattmeter method

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

3.8 Three-phase Circuits
Example 3.8.2: The system in Fig 3.8.12 is connected to a positive sequence
three-phase source with 220Vrms phase voltage. Find the value of: voltmeter,
ammeter and wattmetter.

Fig 3.8.12: For example 3.8.2

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT

3.8 Three-phase Circuits
Example 3.8.3: For the circuit of Fig 3.8.13, if Uac = 208Vrms, find:
a. The value of the wattmetter.

b. U AB
(assuming that the source is positive sequence).

Fig 3.8.13: For example 3.8.3

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT
This is the end of Chapter 3

Created by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy - HCMUT