9/28/2016

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Dr. Lien Nguyen
School of Electrical Engineering
C3 - 106, tel. 3869 2511
email:lien.nguyenbich@hust.edu.vn

LESSON 4
Three-phase Power System

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1. Three-phase power system

1.1. Generation: Three-phase synchronous generator
e
1.2. Representing three-phase power source eA eB eC
1

e A  2 E sin t 0.5

120o 240o 360o


eB  2 E sin t  120 o
 0
t

eC  2 E sin t  120 

o -0.5

E C -1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

E A  Ee j 0 120o
eA  eB  eC  0
E A Balanced three-phase source:
120o
E B  Ee  j120 o
E A  E B  E C  0
120 o
E C  Ee j120
o
Balanced three-phase system:
E B
Balanced source
Balanced load
Balanced transmission line

1.3. Connection and parameters source load

Y Y
Y 
 
 Y

IA
Line current: IA , IB , IC
UAB Line voltage: U AB , U BC , U CA
IB UCA Load
Source
Phase current:
Decided by load
connection
UBC IC Phase voltage:

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2. Establishing relations between line parameters and phase parameters in

balanced three-phase power system
2.1 Balanced Wye connection (Y-connection) IA
UA ZA UAB
  
EA UCA
 O’
E A YA  E B YB  E C YC O UB
U O 'O  Uo’o ZC
YA  YB  YC UAB
ZB
   EB UC
EC IB
Y(E A  E B  E C )
 = 0 UBC
3Y IC

ZA = ZB = ZC = Z YA = YB = YC = Y
    
UA  EA U AB  U A  U B
    
UB  EB U BC  U B  U C
    
UC  EC U CA  U C  U A

   
U AB  U A  U B  UCA
   UC 30O
U BC  U B  U C 
    UA
U CA  U C  U A UBC
 
UB
Balanced Y-connection UAB

+ Rms value: U line  3U p

 

+ Phase:
I line  I p Example: U B  Ue j0



  U A  U e j120

U AB leads U A by 30o U C  U e j120


  
U BC leads U B by 30o U AB  ?
 
  U BC  3 U e j30
U CA leads U C by 30o  
U CA  3 U e j90

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2.2. Balanced Delta connection (-connection)

A IA A
ICA IAB
E AB ZCA
ECA UCA ZAB
UAB
UAB
ZBC
B C B
IB IBC
EBC
UBC IC

KVL for Loop AABB: KCL at nodes A, B, C

    
U AB  E AB I A  I AB  ICA
    
U BC  E BC I B  I BC  I AB
    
U CA  E CA IC  ICA  IBC

    
I A  I AB  I CA UCA ICA 
  
I B  I BC  I AB 
    
IC IA
I C  I CA  I BC UAB

Balanced Y-connection
IBC 
IAB
+ Rms value: U line  U p 
 IB
I line  3 I p UBC

+ Phase:
   
I AB leads I A by 30o Example: IC  17,3e j0 IAB  ?
   
I BC leads I B by 30o I A  17,3 e  j120 IBC  ?
   
ICA  ?
I CA leads I C by 30o I B  17,3e j120

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3. Powers in AC circuits
3.1. Active (Real) Power P

PA, PB, PC P3-phase = PA + PB+ PC

Balanced load P3-phase = 3P1-phase = 3Up Ip cosp = 3RIp2

Ud
Uf 
Y - connection: 3

If = Id
P  3U line I line cos  p
I
 - connection: If  d
3
Uf  Ud

3.2. Reactive Power Q

QA , QB, QC Q3-phase = QA + QB+ QC

Balanced load: Q3-phase = 3Q1-phase = 3UpIpsinp = 3XIf2

Q  3U line I line sin  p

3.3. Apparent Power S

S  ( P 2  Q 2 )  3U line I line

10

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4. 3-phase Circuit Analysis EA Zline ZA Zt

IA
4.3.1. Y-connection Circuit
EB IB
4.3.1.1. Balanced Y-connection Circuit O’
   O
Balanced source EA  EB  EC  0 IC

Balanced load Z loadA  Z loadB  Z loadC  Z load EC k

Balanced transmission line Z loadA  Z loadB  Z loadC  Z load

Uo’o
Z A  Z loadA  Z lineA
Z B  Z loadB  Z lineB U
IA  A
ZA
Z C  Z loadC  Z lineC
U
Z A  Z B  ZC U o 'o  0 IB  B IA  IB  IC  0
ZB
U
IC  C
ZC


EA
IA
UA ZA
4.3.1.2. Unbalanced Y-connection Circuit
  
Balanced source EA  EB  EC  0 EB IB ZB
O’
Balanced load Z A  Z B  ZC O
IC ZC

a. Closing K : Y-connection Circuit with Neutral Line

EC k
U IN
IA  A
ZA Uo’o
U
U o 'o  0 IB  B IN  IA  IB  IC  0
ZB

U
IC  C
ZC

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b. Opening K : Y-connection Circuit without Neutral Line 

EA IA
UA ZA
  
 E A YA  E B YB  E C YC
U O 'O   0
YA  YB  YC EB IB ZB
O’
   O
U A  E A  U O'O  EC IC ZC
    UC
U B  E B  U O'O EC 
  
 O’ k
U C  E C  U O'O U O'O UA
o
O  Uo’o
U EA
IA  A 
ZA  UB
EB
U
IB  B
ZB
U
IC  C U A  U B  U C  0
ZC

Z line IA
4.3.1. -connection Circuit A
4.3.1.1. Balanced -connection Circuit ICA IAB
U line Z line IB ZCA ZAB
Balanced source B

Balanced load Z AB  Z BC  Z CA  Z load Z line IC

C
a. Z line  0 ZBC IBC
U
IAB  AB
Z AB

U
IBC  BC IA , IB , IC
Z BC

U
ICA  CA
Z CA

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Z line IA Z tY
b. Z line  0

U line ICA IAB

Transform -load to Y-load Z line IB Zt Zt

IA , IB , IC

Z line IC

Zt IBC
Transform -load to Y-load

IAB , IBC , ICA

4.3.1.1. Unbalanced -connection Circuit Z line IA

A
a. Z line  0 ICA IAB
U line Z line IB ZCA ZAB
Balanced source B

Unbalanced load Z AB  Z BC  Z CA Z line IC

C
ZBC IBC
U
IAB  AB
Z AB

IA  IAB  ICA

U
IBC  BC IAB  IBC  ICA  0 IB  IBC  IAB
Z BC
I  I  I
C CA BC
U
ICA  CA
Z CA IA  IB  IC  0

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b. Z line  0 Z line Z tYA

IA
Transform -load to Y-load
U line ICA IAB
Z line IB ZCA ZAB
IA , IB , IC
Z line IC
IAB , IBC , ICA
ZBC IBC
IA  IAB  ICA
IB  IBC  IAB
I  I  I
C CA BC