DK024

Pre-Lab Module

EXPERIMENT 1
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Learning Outcome:

Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical and
organic chemistry. (C3, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LOD6)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :
1. identify the organic compound.
2. explain how to determine carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur in organic
compound.
3. compare the quantity of sulphur in albumin and egg yolk

Student Learning Time:

Face-to-face Non face-to-face

1 hour 1 hour

Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.

Introduction:

1. Define organic compound.

2. State 2 basic elements that present in an organic compound

3. Name the elements that are going to be determine during the experiment.

Procedure

(A) Determination of carbon and hydrogen in sugar

1. What is the function of using potassium chlorate in the combustion of sugar.

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(B) Determination of nitrogen in urea and albumin

1. Predict the smell of the gas emitted when urea is being heated until its melts.

2. Predict the observation when cooper sulphate is being added to the mixture of albumin
and sodium hydroxide.

(C ) Determination of sulphur in albumin and egg yolk

1. Why sodium hydroxide is added to the albumin and egg yolk before addition of the lead
acetate solution.
Experiment 1 : Data Analysis

(A) Determination of carbon and hydrogen in sugar

1. What would you observe at the mouth of the test tube and what will happened to the
lime water after the combustion of sugar.

2. Write the deduction of the observation in (1).

(B) Determination of nitrogen in urea and albumin

1. What is the gas emitted when urea is being heated and how to identify the gas.
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2. Write the deduction of the observation in (1).

(C ) Determination of sulphur in albumin and egg yolk

1. Predict is the observation after lead acetate was added to the egg yolk and albumin.

2. Predict and explain whether albumin or egg yolk contain more sulphur.
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Pre-Lab Module

EXPERIMENT 2
SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON.

Course Learning Outcome:

Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical and
organic chemistry. (C3, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LOD6)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :

1. study the physical and chemical properties of alkane and alkene

2. distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon
Student Learning Time:
Face-to-face Non face-to-face

1 hour 1 hour

Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.

Introduction:

1. What is hydrocarbon?

2. What is the type of reaction in alkane and alkene?

3. Name a test to differentiate between alkane and alkene. Explain the observation.

Procedure

1. Compare the colour intensity and soot given off for cyclohexane and cyclohexene.

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2. Predict the observation when cyclohexane and cyclohexane are added to the distilled
water.

3. State one precaution that must be taken during the reactions of cycloalkane and
cycloalkene with bromine in dichloromethane
 4. Predict the observation when an alkane and an alkene is added to alkaline potassium
permanganate .
Experiment 2 : Data Analysis

1. Deduce the predicted observation of the soot given off from the combustion of
cyclohexane and cyclohexene

2. Deduce the predicted observation of the solubility of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in

water.

3. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of cyclohexane and cyclohexane with :
a) bromine in dichloromethane
b) alkaline potassium permanganate

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Pre-Lab Module

EXPERIMENT 3
REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS

Course Learning Outcome:

Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical and
organic chemistry. (C3, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LOD6)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :

1. classify alcohols
2. study the chemical properties of alcohols
Student Learning Time:
Face-to-face Non face-to-face

1 hour 1 hour

Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.

Introduction:

1. What is the functional group of alcohol?

2. Classify the alcohols below as primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol.

Alcohol Class of alcohol

(CH3)3CCH2CH(OH)CH3

CH3CH
CH2CH2OH
CH3

(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

Procedure

1. What is a Lucas reagent?

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2. State the observation of the Lucas test for the class of alcohol below.
Class of Observation
alcohol

Primary

Secondary
 Tertiary

3. Predict the observation for the oxidation using acidified potassium permanganate
for the alcohol below.
Alcohol Observation

(CH3)3CCH2CH(OH)CH3

CH3CH
CH2CH2OH
CH3

(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

4. Describe the smell of the product formed from the esterification.

Experiment 3 : Data Analysis

1. Write the chemical equation for Lucas test for the alcohols below
Alcohol Equation

(CH3)3CCH2CH(OH)CH
3

CH3CH
CH2CH2OH
CH3

(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

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2. Write the chemical equation for oxidation of the alcohols below

Alcohol Equation

(CH3)3CCH2CH(OH)CH
3

CH3CH
CH2CH2OH
 CH3

(CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3

3. Write the equations for the esterification process between ethanoic acid and 2-
propanol with sulphuric acid as catalyst.

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EXPERIMENT 4
ALDEHYDE AND KETONE

Course Learning Outcome:

Solve chemistry related problems by applying basic concepts and principles in physical and
organic chemistry. (C3, PLO4, CTPS3, MQF LOD6)

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :

1. identify the carbonyl compound

2. differentiate between aldehyde and ketone

Student Learning Time:

Face-to-face Non face-to-face

1 hour 1 hour

Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.

Introduction

1. What is the functional group of aldehyde and ketone.

2. Give a test that can be used to identify carbonyl compound.

3. Give a test that can be use to differentiate between aldehyde and ketone.

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Procedure
 1. Name and write the structural formula of the reagent used for the Brady’s test.

2. Discribe the step to produce Tollen’s reagent in this experiment.

Experiment 4 : Data Analysis

1. Write the observation and write the chemical equation for Brady’s test for the carbonyl
compound below.
Alcohol Equation

CH3 O
CH3C
CH
CH3

O
CH3CH
CH2CCH3
CH3

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2. Write the observation and write the chemical equation for Tollen’s test for the carbonyl
compound below.
Alcohol Observation and Equation

CH3 O
CH3C
CH
CH3
 O
CH3CH
CH2CCH3
CH3

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